Samsung SONOVET R5 User manual

Reference Manual

Volume 3

Reference Manual

VERSION 1.02.00

English

Diagnostic Ultrasound System

PART 1. OB REFERENCE

OB REFERENCE 4

Gestational aGe in the DoG 4

GESTATIONAL SAC DIAMETER GSD

MATOON 4

CROWN RUMP LENGTH CRL

MATOON 4

HEAD DIAMETER HD

MATOON 4

BODY DIAMETER BD

MATOON 5

HEAD AND BODY DIAMETER HD_BD

MATOON 5

Gestational aGe in the Cat 6

GESTATIONAL SAC DIAMETER GSD

ZAMBELLI 6

CROWN RUMP LENGTH CRL

ZAMBELLI 6

HEAD DIAMETER HD

MATOON 6

HEAD DIAMETER BD

MATOON 7

PART 2. OTHER REFERENCE

CARDIOLOGY REFERENCE 8

CarDioloGy 2D 8

BSA (Body Surface Area) 8

Simpson’s method 8

LV Vol. (A/L) 8

Stroke Volume (SV) 8

Stroke Volume Index (SI) 8

Cardiac Output (CO) 8

Cardiac Index (CI) 8

Ejection Fraction (EF) 9

2D Measure 9

LV Vol. d (LV Volume Diastolic) 9

LV Vol. s (LV Volume Systolic) 9

LV Mass 9

Fraction Shortening (FS) 9

LV Mass 10

CarDioloGy M MoDe 11

Left Ventricle 11

LV Vol. d (LV Volume Diastolic) 11

LV Vol. s (LV Volume Systolic) 12

Stroke Volume (SV) 12

Stroke Volume Index (SI) 12

Table of Contents

Reference Manual 2

Cardiac Output (CO) 12

Cardiac Index (CI) 12

Ejection Fraction (EF) 12

Fraction Shortening (FS) 12

LV Mass 12

LV Mass Index 12

MV (Mitral Valve) 13

Ao/LA 13

CarDioloGy C MoDe 14

AoV Regurg, MV Regurg, TV Regurg, PV Regurg 14

CarDioloGy Doppler 15

Mitral Valve, Tricuspid Valve 15

Aortic Valve, LVOT Doppler 16

VASCULAR REFERENCE 17

Resistivity Index 17

Pulsatility Index 17

SD (Ratio of Systolic to Diastolic Velocity) 17

Pressure Gradient 17

%STA 18

%STD 18

Volume Flow (Area) 18

Volume Flow (Dist.) 18

UROLOGY REFERENCE 18

Resistivity Index 18

Pulsatility Index 18

SD (Ratio of Systolic to Diastolic Velocity) 18

Pressure Gradient 18

Volume Flow (Area) 19

Volume Flow (Dist.) 19

Prostate Vloume (3 Distances) 19

Prostate Vloume (3 Distances x Factor) 19

Prostate Vloume (Ellipsoid) 19

Prostate Vloume (Sum of 20 Disks) 19

Prostate Spec. Antigen 19

Residual Volume 19

%STA 19

%STD 19

FETAL ECHO REFERENCE 20

Stroke Volume (SV) 20

Cardiac Output (CO) 20

Ejection Fraction (EF) 20

Cardio-Thorax Area Ratio (CTAR) 20

LV Vol. d (LV Volume Diastolic) 20

LV Vol. s (LV Volume Systolic) 20

LV Mass 21

Fractional Shortening of Left Ventricle Internal diameter 21

Resistivity Index 21

Pulsatility Index 21

SD (Ratio of Systolic to Diastolic Velocity) 21

Preload Index 21

Reference Manual 3

PART 3. ACOUSTIC OUTPUT TABLES

ACOUSTIC OUTPUT TABLES 22

ieC tables 22

Symbols and Denitions 22

Explanatory Notes 23

C2-4/20 24

CN2-8 25

CN4-9 27

L5-12/60 28

LN5-12/40 30

FDa tables 31

Symbols and Denitions 31

Explanatory Notes 32

C2-4/20 33

CN2-8 34

CN4-9 36

L5-12/60 37

LN5-12/40 39

Reference Manual 4

OB Reference

Gestational Age in the Dog

Standard GA: 65 days

Gestational Sac Diameter (GSD): MATOON

Reference: Mattoon JS, Nyland TG, Ovaries and uterus, In Nyland TG and Mattoon JS (eds),

Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound, 2nd ed, WB Saunders, Co, Philadelphia, 231-249, 2002.

* Less than 40 days

GA Equation

GA = (6  GSD) + 20

Output Unit: d (days)

Input Unit: cm

Min Range: 0.1 cm

Max Range: 3.33 cm

Fetal Growth Equation

GSD = (MA x 7 – 20) / 6

Output Unit: cm

Input Unit: w (week)

Min Range: 1w

Max Range: 6w

Crown Rump Length (CRL): MATOON

Reference: Mattoon JS, Nyland TG, Ovaries and uterus, In Nyland TG and Mattoon JS (eds),

Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound, 2nd ed, WB Saunders, Co, Philadelphia, 231-249, 2002.

* Less than 40 days

GA Equation

GA = (3  CRL) + 27

Output Unit: d (days)

Input Unit: cm

Min Range: 0.1 cm

Max Range: 4.3 cm

Fetal Growth Equation

CRL = (MA  7 – 27) / 3

Output Unit: cm

Input Unit: w (week)

Min Range: 1w

Max Range: 6w

Head Diameter (HD): MATOON

Reference: Mattoon JS, Nyland TG, Ovaries and uterus, In Nyland TG and Mattoon JS (eds),

Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound, 2nd ed, WB Saunders, Co, Philadelphia, 231-249, 2002.

* Less than 40 days

GA Equation

GA = (15  HD) + 20

Output Unit: d (days)

Input Unit: cm

PART 1. OB REFERENCE

Reference Manual 5

Min Range: 1.34 cm

Max Range: 3 cm

Fetal Growth Equation

HD= (MA  7 – 20) / 15

Output Unit: cm

Input Unit: w (week)

Min Range: 5w

Max Range: 10w

Body Diameter (BD): MATOON

Reference: Mattoon JS, Nyland TG, Ovaries and uterus, In Nyland TG and Mattoon JS (eds),

Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound, 2nd ed, WB Saunders, Co, Philadelphia, 231-249, 2002.

* Less than 40 days

GA Equation

GA = (7  BD) + 29

Output Unit: d (days)

Input Unit: cm

Min Range: 1.58 cm

Max Range: 5.21 cm

Fetal Growth Equation

HD= (MA  7 – 29) / 7

Output Unit: cm

Input Unit: w (week)

Min Range: 5w

Max Range: 10w

Head and Body Diameter (HD_BD): MATOON

Reference: Mattoon JS, Nyland TG, Ovaries and uterus, In Nyland TG and Mattoon JS (eds),

Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound, 2nd ed, WB Saunders, Co, Philadelphia, 231-249, 2002.

* Less than 40 days

GA Equation

HD_BD_Dog = (6  HD) + (3  BD) + 30

GA = HD_BD_Dog  1

Output Unit: d (days)

Input Unit: cm

Min Range: 40 cm

Max Range: 65 cm

Reference Manual 6

Gestational Age in the Cat

Standard GA: 65 days

Gestational Sac Diameter (GSD): ZAMBELLI

Reference: Zambelli D, Castagnetti C, Belluzzi S, Bassi S, Correlation between the age of

the conceptus and various ultrasonographic measurements during the rst 30 days of

pregnancy in domestic cats (Felis catus), Theriogenology, 57, 1981-1987, 2002.

* Less than 30 days

GA Equation

GA = (1.0901  GSD  10) – 0.9372

Output Unit: d (days)

Input Unit: cm

Min Range: 0.1 cm

Max Range: 2.83cm

Fetal Growth Equation

GSD = (MA x 7 + 0.9372) / 1.0901

Output Unit: mm

Input Unit: w (week)

Min Range: 1w

Max Range: 5w

Crown Rump Length (CRL): ZAMBELLI

Reference: Zambelli D, Castagnetti C, Belluzzi S, Bassi S, Correlation between the age of

the conceptus and various ultrasonographic measurements during the rst 30 days of

pregnancy in domestic cats (Felis catus), Theriogenology, 57, 1981-1987, 2002.

* Less than 30 days

GA Equation

GA = (1.0099  CRL  10) -0.03378

Output Unit: d (days)

Input Unit: cm

Min Range: 0.1 cm

Max Range: 3 cm

Fetal Growth Equation

CRL = (MA x 7 + 0.03378) / 1.0099

Output Unit: cm

Input Unit: w (week)

Min Range: 1w

Max Range: 5w

Head Diameter (HD): MATOON

Reference: Mattoon JS, Nyland TG, Ovaries and uterus, In Nyland TG and Mattoon JS (eds),

Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound, 2nd ed, WB Saunders, Co, Philadelphia, 231-249, 2002.

* Less than 40 days

GA Equation

GA = (25  HD) + 3

Output Unit: d (days)

Input Unit: cm

Min Range: 1.48 cm

Max Range: 2.37 cm

Fetal Growth Equation

HD= (MA x 7  3) / 25

Reference Manual 7

Output Unit: cm

Input Unit: w (week)

Min Range: 5w

Max Range: 9w

Head Diameter (BD): MATOON

Reference: Mattoon JS, Nyland TG, Ovaries and uterus, In Nyland TG and Mattoon JS (eds),

Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound, 2nd ed, WB Saunders, Co, Philadelphia, 231-249, 2002.

* Less than 40 days

GA Equation

GA = (11  BD) + 21

Output Unit: d (days)

Input Unit: cm

Min Range: 1.73 cm

Max Range: 3.59 cm

Fetal Growth Equation

HD= (MA  7 – 21) / 11

Output Unit: cm

Input Unit: w (week)

Min Range: 5w

Max Range: 9w

Reference Manual 8

Cardiology Reference

Cardiology 2D

BSA (Body Surface Area)

BSA can be calculated by entering patient’s weight and height in New Patient Input Screen.

where, H : centimeters, W : kilograms

Reference : Grossman,W.”Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography.” Blood Flow

Measurement : Hemodynamic Principles, 1980. Chapter8, page 90.

Simpson’s method

Simpson’s protocol is used for calculation left ventricular volume from measurements

taken in two scan planes. The calculation of volume for both methods (2-chamber or the

4-chamber view) results from summation of areas from diameters of 20 cylinders or discs of

equal height, apportioned over the left ventricular length.

LV Vol. (A/L)

LV Volume: Single Plane Area Length

Stroke Volume (SV)

where, EDV : End Diastolic Volume, ESV : End Systolic Volume

Stroke Volume Index (SI)

Cardiac Output (CO)

Cardiac Index (CI)

PART 2. OTHER REFERENCE

Reference Manual 9

Ejection Fraction (EF)

where, EDV : End Diastolic Volume, ESV : End Systolic Volume

Reference : Harvey Feigenbaum, “Echocardiography”, 1995 fth edition Chapter3 p 144,

Lea&Febiger

2D Measure

LV Vol. d (LV Volume Diastolic)

Teichholz

Reference : Teichholz, L.E., Kreulen, T., Herman, M.V., et. al. “Problems in echocardiographic

volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic correlations in the presence or

absence of asynergy.” American Journal of Cardiology, 1976, 37:7.

Cubed

Reference : Pombo, J.F., et. al. “Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fractioin by

Echocardiography.” Circulation, Vol. XLIII, 482, April, 1971.

Gibson

Reference : “Basic Echocardiography” Iowa Heart Center, Mark J. Harry R.D.C.S., R.V.T. Jan,

1997 p. 30

LV Vol. s (LV Volume Systolic)

Teichholz

Reference : Teichholz, L.E., Kreulen, T., Herman, M.V., et. al. “Problems in echocardiographic

volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic correlations in the presence or

absence of asynergy.” American Journal of Cardiology, 1976, 37:7.

Cubed

Reference : Pombo, J.F., et. al. “Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fractioin by

Echocardiography.” Circulation, Vol. XLIII, 482, April, 1971.

Gibson

Reference : “Basic Echocardiography” Iowa Heart Center, Mark J. Harry R.D.C.S., R.V.T. Jan,

1997 p. 30

LV Mass

where LVDd : Left Ventricle Dimension Diastole, LVPWd : Left Ventricle Posterior Wall

Dimension Diastole, LVSd : Interventricular Septal Thickness Diastole

Fraction Shortening (FS)

Reference Manual 10

LV Mass

where, A1 : short axis area, Epicardinal (cm2), A2 : short axis area, Endocardinal (cm2), L1 :

long axis Epicardinal length (cm), L2 : long axis Endocardinal length (cm)

Epicardial Volume

Endocardial Volume

Reference : Harvey Feigenbaum, “ Echocardiography”, 1995 fth edition Chapter3 p 158,

Lea&Febiger

Myocardial Thickness

LV Mass Index

Reference Manual 11

Cardiology M mode

Left Ventricle

Reference : Harvey Feigenbaum, “ Echocardiography”, 1995 fth edition

LVDd : Left Ventricle Dimension Diastole

LVDs: Left Ventricle Dimension Systole

LVPWd : Left Ventricle Posterior Wall Dimension Diastole

LVPWs: Left Ventricle Posterior Wall Dimension Systole

IVSd : Interventricular Septal Thickness Diastole

IVSs: Interventricular Septal Thickness Systole

EDV: End Diastolic Volume

ESV: End Systolic Volume

LV Vol. d (LV Volume Diastolic)

Teichholz

Reference : Teichholz, L.E., Kreulen, T., Herman, M.V., et. al. “Problems in echocardiographic

volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic correlations in the presence or

absence of asynergy.” American Journal of Cardiology, 1976, 37:7.

Cubed

Reference : Pombo, J.F., et. al. “Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fractioin by

Echocardiography.” Circulation, Vol. XLIII, 482, April, 1971.

Gibson

Reference : “Basic Echocardiography” Iowa Heart Center, Mark J. Harry R.D.C.S., R.V.T. Jan,

1997 p. 30

Reference Manual 12

LV Vol. s (LV Volume Systolic)

Teichholz

Reference : Teichholz, L.E., Kreulen, T., Herman, M.V., et. al. “Problems in echocardiographic

volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic correlations in the presence or

absence of asynergy.” American Journal of Cardiology, 1976, 37:7.

Cubed

Reference : Pombo, J.F., et. al. “Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fractioin by

Echocardiography.” Circulation, Vol. XLIII, 482, April, 1971.

Gibson

Reference : “Basic Echocardiography” Iowa Heart Center, Mark J. Harry R.D.C.S., R.V.T. Jan,

1997 p. 30

Stroke Volume (SV)

where, EDV : End Diastolic Volume, ESV : End Systolic Volume

Stroke Volume Index (SI)

Cardiac Output (CO)

Cardiac Index (CI)

Ejection Fraction (EF)

where, EDV : End Diastolic Volume, ESV : End Systolic Volume

Reference : Harvey Feigenbaum, “Echocardiography”, 1995 fth edition Chapter3 p 144,

Lea&Febiger

Fraction Shortening (FS)

LV Mass

Reference : Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little, Brown and company, 1994,

p.43.

LV Mass Index

Reference Manual 13

MV (Mitral Valve)

Definition for the Mitral Valve

D : end of systolic, immediately before the opening of the Mitral Valve

E : the arterial leaflet of the Mitral valve open, it peaks at E

F : lowest point of the initial diastolic closing

A :

In atrial systole, blood is propelled through the Mitral orifice and the Mitral

leaflets reopen the peak of this phase of Mitral valve motion is indicated as A

C : complete closure occurs after the onset of ventricular systole

A-C interval (unit : msec)

The distance between the A point and the C point

Mitral Valve D-E Excursion (unit : cm)

Distance between the onset of the opening of the Mitral valve at D and the maximum

opening of the anterior Mitral valve leaet at E

Mitral Valve D-E Slope (unit : cm/sec)

Automatically calculated from the D-E excursion the rate of change that exists between two

point (D, E)

Mitral Valve E-F Slope (unit : cm/sec)

The rate of change that exists between two point (E, F)

EPSS ( Mitral Valve E Point Septal Separation ) ( unit : cm)

Distance between the Mitral Valve E point and posterior edge of the interventricular septum

at the same point in time

Ao/LA

Aortic Root Diameter (unit:cm) : Ao Root Dia.

The distance between the leading echo of the anterior aortic wall and the leading echo of

the posterior aortic wall at R wave of the electrocardiogram

Aortic Valve Cusp Separation (Ao Cusp Sep.)

The distance between the trailing echo of the anterior aortic valve leaet and the leading

echo of the posterior aortic valve leaet in early diastole

Left Atrial Diameter (unit:cm) : LA Dia.

The distance between the trailing edge of the posterior aortic wall echo and the leading

edge of the posterior left atrial wall echo at the level of aortic wall at the R wave of the

electrocardiogram.

Reference Manual 14

Cardiology C mode

AoV Regurg, MV Regurg, TV Regurg, PV Regurg

PISA (Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area)-Radius

Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little, Brown and

Company, 1994, p.106.

Schmailzl, K., Omerod, O., Editors. Ultrasound in Cardiology. Blackwell Science, 1994, p.125.

PISA-Radios is the radial distance of the isovelocity shell from the orice (Figure - Regurgitant

Flow-PISA Radius)

PISA-Area

PISA-Radius = Radial distance of the isovelocity shell from the orice in cm

PISA-Alias Velocity

Reference: Schmailzl. K., Omerod, O., Editors. Ultrasound in Cardiology. Blackwell Science,

1994, p.125.

PISA-Alias Velocity is the peak velocity of the regurgitant jet on the Doppler display (Figure –

Regurgitant Flow-PISA Alias Velocity)

Regurgitant Volume Flow Rate (Rate)

Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston:Little, Brown and

Company, 1994, p. 106

Rate is calculated in milliliters/sec.

Where: PISA-Area = Proximal isovelocity surface area in cm

2

.

PISA-Alias Vel. = Color ow velocity at radius r in cm/sec measured at the mitral orice on the

Color display.

Reference Manual 15

Eective Regurgitant Orice (ERO)

Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston:Little, Brown and

Company, 1994, pp. 108-109

Vmax is the peak velocity of the mitral regurgitant jet measured on the Doppler display.

Regurgitant Volume (Vol)

Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston:Little, Brown and

Company, 1994, pp. 108-109

Where:

PISA-Vol. = Regurgitant volume in milliliters

PISA-ERO = Eective Regurgitant area in cm2.

VTI = Velocity integral of the Regurgitant ow measured on the Doppler display

Cardiology Doppler

Mitral Valve, Tricuspid Valve

Pressure Gradient

where, V : Velocity (m/sec)

PHT ; Pressure Half Time

Reference : Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little, Brown and

Company, 1994, p.59-60

Pressure half-time (PHT) is the time it takes for the peak pressure gradient to fall to half to half

of its peak value. DT is deceleration time in centimeters per second form the peak velocity

to the baseline.

Mitral Valve area

where ; PHT is Pressure Half Time (milliseconds)

Reference : John H. Phillipse, “ Practical Quantitative Doppler Echocardiography”, p47,

chapter6, CRC press, 1991

Reference Manual 16

VTI (Velocity Time Integral)

ACC (Acceleration), DEC (Deceleration)

AT :Acceleration Time, DT : Deceleration Time, E point : Early Diastolic Flow, A point : Atrial

contraction

Aortic Valve, LVOT Doppler

HR (Heart Rate)

CONT (Continuity Equation)

When there is a constant ow in a ow channel with a Stenosis, the ow volume at the

Stenosis portion equals that at nonstenotic portions .

This equation is valid not only in a constant ow, but also in a pulsality ow channel.

where, SV1 : stroke volume in the nonstenotic area, SV2: stroke volume in the stenotic area

where, AVA (1) : Aortic Valve Area by Velocity, AVA (2) : Aortic Valve Area by VTI, LVOTarea : π

* DiaLVOT2 / 4, VTI1 : Left Ventricle output track VTI, VTI2 : Aortic valve VTI, V1 : Left Ventricle

output track velocity, V2: Aortic valve velocity

Reference : Harvey Feigenbaum, “ Echocardiography”, 1995 fth edition

CSA (Cross Sectional Area)

where, D: diameter

Pulmonic Veins

Reference : Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little, Brown and

Company, 1994, p.48

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