Cisco Prime Network Registrar 10.1 DHCP User Guide
First Published: 2019-12-16
Last Modified: 2021-02-15
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CONTENTS
Introduction to Dynamic Host Configuration 1
CHAPTER 1
How DHCP Works 1
Related Topics 1
Sample DHCP User 2
Typical DHCP Administration 2
Leases 3
Scopes and Policies 3
Links and Prefixes 4
Related Topics 4
Cisco Prime Network Registrar DHCP Implementations 5
Related Topics 5
Virtual Private Networks 5
Prefix Delegation 6
DNS Update 7
Related Topics 7
Effect on DNS of Obtaining Leases 7
Effect on DNS of Reacquiring Leases 8
Effect on DNS of Releasing Leases 8
DHCP Failover 9
Allocating Addresses Through Failover 9
Client-Classes 10
Related Topics 10
DHCP Processing Without Client-Classes 11
DHCP Processing with Client-Classes 11
Defining Scopes for Client-Classes 12
Choosing Networks and Scopes 12
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Managing DHCP Server 15
CHAPTER 2
Configuring DHCP Servers 15
General Configuration Guidelines 15
Configuring DHCP Server Interfaces 16
Local Advanced Web UI 16
CLI Commands 16
Defining Advanced Server Attributes 16
Related Topics 17
Setting Advanced DHCP Server Attributes 17
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 21
CLI Commands 21
Deferring Lease Extensions 22
Setting DHCP Forwarding 23
Editing DHCPv6 Server Attributes 24
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 24
CLI Commands 24
Integrating Windows System Management Servers 25
Using Extensions to Affect DHCP Server Behavior 26
Related Topics 27
Writing Extensions 27
Preventing Chatty Clients by Using an Extension 28
Tuning the DHCP Server 32
Listing Related Servers for DHCP - Failover, DNS, LDAP, and TCP Listener Servers 35
Local Web UI 35
CLI Commands 44
Configuring Virtual Private Networks 44
Related Topics 44
Configuring Virtual Private Networks Using DHCP 44
Related Topics 45
Typical Virtual Private Networks 45
Creating and Editing Virtual Private Networks 46
VPN Usage 47
Configuring Subnet Allocation 49
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Related Topics 50
Configuring DHCP Subnet Allocation 50
VPN and Subnet Allocation Tuning Parameters 51
Configuring BOOTP 52
Related Topics 52
About BOOTP 52
Enabling BOOTP for Scopes 53
Moving or Decommissioning BOOTP Clients 53
Using Dynamic BOOTP 54
BOOTP Relay 54
Managing DHCP Failover 55
CHAPTER 3
How DHCP Failover Works 56
DHCP Simple Failover 56
DHCPv6 Failover 57
Setting Up Failover Server Pairs 57
Related Topics 57
Adding Failover Pairs 58
Local and Regional Web UI 58
CLI Commands 62
Related Topics 62
Synchronizing Failover Pairs 62
Local and Regional Web UI 62
CLI Commands 65
Failover Checklist 65
Configuring Failover Parameters Based on Your Scenario 66
Setting Backup Percentages 66
Related Topics 67
Setting the Maximum Client Lead Time 67
Using the Failover Safe Period to Move Servers into PARTNER-DOWN State 69
Setting DHCP Request and Response Packet Buffers 71
Setting Load Balancing 71
Related Topics 72
Configuring Load Balancing 72
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Recovering from a DHCP Failover 72
Confirming Failover 72
Related Topics 73
Monitoring DHCP Failover 73
Failover States and Transitions 73
State Transitions During Integration 75
Setting Advanced Failover Attributes 77
Setting Backup Allocation Boundaries 77
DHCPLEASEQUERY and Failover 78
Maintaining Failover Server Pair 78
Changing Failover Pair Names 78
Restarting the Failover Servers 78
Related Topics 78
Recovering Failover Configuration 79
Using PARTNER-DOWN State to Allow a Failover Server to Operate for Extended Periods without
Its Failover Partner 79
Reintegrating the Returning Failover Partner 80
Restoring a Standalone DHCP Failover Server - Tutorial 81
Related Topics 81
Background 81
Repair Procedure 82
Reversing the Failover Role on Backup Server 82
Starting with Server A Powered Off 83
Starting with Server A Powered On and DHCP Server Stopped 83
Starting with Server A Replaced 84
Transferring Current Lease State to Server A 85
Repairing Partners to Their Original Roles 85
Changing Failover Server Roles 86
Related Topics 86
Establishing Failover Using Standalone Server as Main 87
Replacing Servers Having Defective Storage 87
Removing Backup Servers and Halting Failover Operation 88
Adding Main Servers to Existing Backup Servers 88
Configuring Failover on Multiple Interface Hosts 88
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Moving Failover Partners to a Different Network 89
Troubleshooting Failover 90
Related Topics 90
Monitoring Failover Operations 90
Detecting and Handling Network Failures 90
Things to Avoid When Troubleshooting Issues Related to Failover 91
Supporting BOOTP Clients in Failover 91
Related Topics 92
Static BOOTP 92
Dynamic BOOTP 92
Configuring BOOTP Relays 92
BOOTP Backup Percentage 92
DHCP Relay Health Check 93
CLI Commands 93
Managing Address Space 95
CHAPTER 4
Address Block Administrator Role 95
Related Topics 95
Required Permissions 95
Role Functions 96
Address Blocks and Subnets 96
Related Topics 97
Subnet Allocation and DHCP Address Blocks 97
Knowing When to Add Address Blocks 98
Adding Address Blocks 99
Local Advanced and Regional Advanced Web UI 99
CLI Command 100
Configuring Private Networks in VPN for a Tenant 100
Regional Advanced Web UI 100
CLI Commands 100
Delegating Address Blocks 101
CLI Command 101
Creating Reverse Zones from Subnets 101
Related Topics 101
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Reclaiming Subnets 101
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 102
CLI Command 102
Adding Children to Address Blocks 102
Local Advanced and Regional Advanced Web UI 102
Adding Address Ranges to Subnets 103
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 103
Pulling and Pushing 103
Pulling Replica Address Space from Local Clusters 103
Regional Advanced Web UI 104
CLI Commands 104
Pushing Subnets to Local DHCP Servers and Routers 104
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 104
CLI Command 105
Viewing Address Space 105
Local Advanced and Regional Advanced Web UI 105
Viewing Address Utilization for Address Blocks, Subnets, and Scopes 105
Local Advanced and Regional Advanced Web UI 105
Viewing Address Blocks, Subnets, and Address Types 107
Local Advanced and Regional Advanced Web UI 107
CLI Commands 108
Viewing IPv6 Address Space 108
Viewing Address Utilization for Prefixes 108
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 108
Generating Utilization History Reports 111
Related Topics 111
Querying Utilization History Data 111
Regional Web UI 111
Trimming and Compacting Utilization History Data 112
Regional Advanced Web UI 112
Managing Scopes, Prefixes, Links, and Networks 115
CHAPTER 5
Managing Scopes 115
Related Topics 115
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Creating Scopes 116
Local Basic Web UI 116
Local Advanced Web UI 116
Configuring Multiple Scopes 117
Related Topics 117
Configuring Multiple Scopes for Round-Robin Address Allocation 117
Configuring Multiple Scopes Using Allocation Priority 118
Editing Scopes 122
Local Advanced Web UI 123
CLI Commands 123
Staged and Synchronous Mode 123
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 124
CLI Commands 124
Getting Scope Counts on the Server 124
CLI Commands 124
Configuring Embedded Policies for Scopes 125
Local Advanced Web UI 125
CLI Commands 125
Configuring Multiple Subnets on a Network 125
Local Advanced Web UI 126
CLI Commands 126
Enabling and Disabling BOOTP for Scopes 126
Local Advanced Web UI 126
CLI Commands 127
Setting Scopes to Renew-Only 127
Local Advanced Web UI 127
CLI Commands 127
Setting Free Address SNMP Traps on Scopes 127
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 127
CLI Commands 128
Disabling DHCP for Scopes 128
Local Advanced Web UI 128
CLI Commands 128
Deactivating Scopes 128
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Local Advanced Web UI 129
CLI Commands 129
Removing Scopes 129
Removing Scopes if Not Reusing Addresses 129
Removing Scopes if Reusing Addresses 129
DHCPv6 Addresses 130
IPv6 Addressing 131
Determining Links and Prefixes 131
Generating Addresses 132
Generating Delegated Prefixes 132
Prefix Stability 133
CMTS Prefix Stability 133
Universal Prefix Stability 134
Prefix Allocation Groups 134
Configuring Prefixes and Links 135
Creating and Editing Prefixes 135
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 137
CLI Commands 139
Creating and Editing Links 139
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 140
CLI Commands 141
Managing DHCP Networks 141
Related Topics 141
Listing Networks 141
Editing Networks 142
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 142
Managing Scopes, Prefixes, and Link Templates 143
CHAPTER 6
Creating and Applying Scope Templates 143
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 143
Related Topics 143
CLI Commands 144
Additional Scope Template Attributes 144
Editing Scope Templates 144
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Applying Scope Templates to Scopes 144
Local Advanced Web UI 144
CLI Commands 145
Cloning a Scope Template 145
Creating and Editing Prefix Templates 145
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 148
CLI Commands 148
Creating and Editing Link Templates 149
Local Advanced and Regional Advanced Web UI 149
CLI Commands 150
Using Expressions in Scope Templates 151
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 154
CLI Commands 154
Scope Name Expression Example 154
Range Expression Example 154
Embedded Policy Option Expression Example 155
Using Expressions in Prefix Templates 155
Using Expressions in Link Templates 158
Managing Policies and Options 163
CHAPTER 7
Configuring DHCP Policies 163
Related Topics 163
Configuring DHCPv6 Policies 164
Reconfigure Support (DHCPv6) 164
Types of Policies 165
Policy Hierarchy 167
DHCPv4 Policy Hierarchy 167
DHCPv6 Policy Hierarchy 167
Creating and Applying DHCP Policies 168
Local Basic or Advanced and Regional Web UI 169
CLI Commands 170
Related Topics 170
Cloning a Policy 171
Setting DHCP Options and Attributes for Policies 171
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Related Topics 171
Adding Option Values 171
Local Basic or Advanced and Regional Web UI 171
CLI Commands 172
Adding Complex Values for Suboptions 172
MAP-T and 4rd Options 173
Creating and Editing Embedded Policies 173
Local Advanced Web and Regional UI 173
CLI Commands 174
Creating DHCP Option Definition Sets and Option Definitions 174
Related Topics 174
Using Standard Option Definition Sets 175
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 175
CLI Commands 175
Creating Custom Option Definitions 176
Creating Vendor-Specific Option Definitions 176
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 177
Example: Creating Vendor Option Set for Cisco AP Devices 179
Example: Creating Vendor Option Set for SunRay Devices 180
Example: Creating Option Set for Cisco 79xx IPPhones 181
Setting Option Values for Policies 182
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 182
CLI Commands 182
Setting DHCPv6 Options 182
Local Advanced Web UI 183
CLI Commands 183
Option Definition Data Types and Repeat Counts 183
Adding Suboption Definitions 184
Option Definition Set 184
Importing and Exporting Option Definition Sets 184
Pushing Option Definition Sets to Local Clusters 185
Pulling Option Definition Sets from Replica Data 185
Managing Leases 187
CHAPTER 8
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Lease States 187
IPv4 Lease States 187
IPv6 Lease States 188
Guidelines for Lease Times 188
Restricting Lease Dates 189
DHCPv6 Clients and Leases 191
Related Topics 191
DHCPv6 Bindings 192
Lease Affinity 192
Lease Life Cycle 192
Configuring Leases in Scopes 193
Viewing Leases 193
Local Basic Web UI 193
Local Advanced Web UI 194
CLI Commands 194
Importing and Exporting Lease Data 194
Import Prerequisites 194
Import and Export Commands 194
Lease Times in Import Files 195
Pinging Hosts Before Offering Addresses 196
Deactivating Leases 197
Local Basic or Advance Web UI 197
CLI Commands 197
Excluding Leases from Ranges 197
Local Basic Web UI 198
Local Advanced Web UI 198
CLI Commands 198
Removing Orphaned Leases 198
Searching Server-Wide for Leases 199
Local Advanced Web UI 199
CLI Commands 201
Using Client Reservations 202
Local Advanced Web UI 203
Differences Between Client Reservations and Lease Reservations 204
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Creating Lease Reservations 205
DHCPv4 Reservations 205
Local Basic Web UI 205
Local Advanced Web UI 205
CLI Commands 206
DHCPv6 Lease Reservations 207
Local Advanced Web UI 207
CLI Commands 208
Setting Advanced Lease and Reservation Properties 209
Reserving Currently Leased Addresses 209
Local Advanced Web UI 209
Example of Reserving an Existing Lease 210
Unreserving Leases 211
Local Advanced Web UI 211
CLI Commands 211
Extending Reservations to Non-MAC Addresses 211
Overriding Client IDs 212
Local Advanced Web UI 212
CLI Commands 212
Reservation Override Example 212
Reconfiguring IPv6 Leases 213
Local Advanced Web UI 213
CLI Commands 213
Forcing Lease Availability 214
Local Advanced Web UI 214
CLI Commands 214
Inhibiting Lease Renewals 214
Local Advanced Web UI 215
Moving Leases Between Servers 215
Handling Leases Marked as Unavailable 217
Setting Timeouts for Unavailable Leases 218
Querying Leases 218
Related Topics 219
Leasequery Implementations 219
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Pre-RFC Leasequery for DHCPv4 219
RFC 4388 Leasequery for DHCPv4 220
Leasequery for DHCPv6 221
Leasequery Statistics 222
Leasequery Example 223
Difference between TCP bulk leasequery and UDP leasequery 225
Running Address and Lease Reports 225
Running Address Usage Reports 225
Local Advanced Web UI 226
CLI Commands 226
Running IP Lease Histories 226
Enabling Lease History Recording at the Local Cluster 226
Local Advanced Web UI 227
CLI Commands 227
Querying IP Lease History 227
Local and Regional Advanced Web UI 227
Using the iphist Utility 228
Trimming Lease History Data 231
Regional Web UI 231
Running Lease Utilization Reports 232
Local Advanced Web UI 232
CLI Commands 232
Receiving Lease Notification 232
Related Topics 232
Running Lease Notification Automatically in Linux 233
Running Lease Notification Automatically in Windows 233
Specifying Configuration Files for Lease Notification 234
Dynamic Lease Notification 234
Using Dynamic Lease Notification 234
Sample Lease Notification Client 235
Requirements for Sample Java Client 238
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 239
CLI Command 239
DHCP Listener Configuration 240
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Local Advanced Web UI 240
CLI Commands 240
Lease History Database Compression Utility 241
General Comments on Running cnr_leasehist_compress 242
Running Compression on Linux 243
Running Compression on Windows 245
Elastic Lease Times 247
Scheduling a Network Reconfiguration 247
Adding a Maintenance Window Object 249
Distributing Lease Renewals 250
Controlling the Distribute Renewals Feature 250
Viewing DHCP Renewal Report 251
Managing DNS Update 253
CHAPTER 9
DNS Update Process 253
Special DNS Update Considerations 254
DNS Updates for DHCPv6 254
DNS Updates for Non-Temporary Stateful Addresses 254
DNS Updates for Delegated Prefixes 255
Related Topics 255
DHCPv6 Upgrade Considerations 255
Generating Synthetic Names in DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 256
Determining Reverse Zones for DNS Updates 256
Using the Client FQDN 257
Configuring Access Control Lists and Transaction Security 257
Related Topics 258
Assigning ACLs on DNS Caching Servers or Zones 258
Local Advanced Web UI 258
CLI Commands 258
Configuring Zones for ACLs 259
Transaction Security 259
Related Topics 259
Creating TSIG Keys 259
Local Advanced Web UI 259
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CLI Commands 260
Generating Keys 260
Considerations for Managing Keys 261
Adding Supporting TSIG Attributes 261
GSS-TSIG 262
Creating DNS Update Configurations 264
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 264
CLI Commands 266
Related Topics 267
Configuring DNS Update Policies 267
Related Topics 267
Compatibility with Cisco Prime Network Registrar Releases 267
Creating and Editing Update Policies 267
Local Advanced and Regional Advanced Web UI 267
CLI Commands 268
Defining and Applying Rules for Update Policies 268
Related Topics 268
Defining Rules for Named Update Policies 268
Local Advanced and Regional Advanced Web UI 268
CLI Commands 270
Applying Update Policies to Zones 271
Local Advanced and Regional Advanced Web UI 271
CLI Commands 271
Creating DNS Update Maps 271
Local and Regional Web UI 272
CLI Commands 272
Confirming Dynamic Records 273
Local and Regional Web UI 273
CLI Commands 273
Scavenging Dynamic Records 273
Local Advanced Web UI 274
CLI Commands 275
Transitioning to DHCID RR for DHCPv4 275
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 276
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Configuring DNS Update for Windows Clients 276
Client DNS Updates 276
Dual Zone Updates for Windows Clients 278
DNS Update Settings in Windows Clients 279
Windows Client Settings in DHCP Servers 279
SRV Records and DNS Updates 280
Issues Related to Windows Environments 281
Example: Output Showing Invisible Dynamically Created RRs 285
Frequently Asked Questions About Windows Integration 285
Configuring GSS-TSIG 288
Cisco Prime Network Registrar DNS Configuration to integrate with AD 288
Bring Cisco Prime Network Registrar DNS and AD under the same domain in the windows
environment: 288
Integrating the DNS server to AD-KDC 288
Primary DNS Server on Linux Integrated to MIT-KDC 290
Troubleshooting DNS Update 291
Managing Client-Classes and Clients 293
CHAPTER 10
Configuring Client-Classes 293
Related Topics 293
Client-Class Process 294
Defining Client-Classes 294
Local Web UI 294
CLI Commands 295
Configuring DHCPv6 Client-Classes 295
Local Advanced Web UI 295
CLI Commands 295
Setting Selection Tags on Scopes and Prefixes 296
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 296
CLI Commands 297
Defining Client-Class Hostname Properties 297
Related Topics 297
Editing Client-Classes and Their Embedded Policies 297
Local Advanced Web UI 297
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CLI Commands 298
Processing Client Data Including External Sources 298
Related Topics 299
Processing Order to Determine Client-Classes 299
Processing Order to Determine Selection Tags 299
Troubleshooting Client-Classes 300
Configuring Clients 301
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 301
CLI Commands 302
Related Topics 302
Editing Clients and Their Embedded Policies 302
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 303
CLI Commands 303
Configuring DHCPv6 Clients 303
Local Advanced Web UI 303
CLI Commands 304
Setting Windows Client Properties 304
Settings in Windows Clients 304
Settings in DHCP Servers 304
Skipping Client Entries for Client-Classing 304
Limiting Client Authentication 304
Setting Client Caching Parameters 305
Subscriber Limitation Using Option 82 306
Related Topics 306
General Approach to Subscriber Limitation 307
Typical Limitation Scenario 307
Calculating Client-Classes and Creating Keys 307
Client-Class Lookup Expression Processing 307
Limitation Processing 308
Expression Processing for Subscriber Limitation 308
Configuring Option 82 Limitation 308
Lease Renewal Processing for Option 82 Limitation 309
Administering Option 82 Limitation 309
Troubleshooting Option 82 Limitation 310
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Expression Examples 310
Configuring Cisco Prime Network Registrar to Use LDAP 310
Related Topics 311
About LDAP Directory Servers 311
Adding and Editing LDAP Remote Servers 311
Local Advanced Web UI 311
CLI Commands 312
Configuring DHCP Client Queries in LDAP 312
Configuring DHCP-Server-to-LDAP Client Queries 312
Unprovisioning Client Entries 314
Configuring Embedded Policies in LDAP 314
Configuring DHCP LDAP Update and Create Services 315
Related Topics 316
Lease State Attributes 316
Configuring DHCP to Write Lease States to LDAP 317
Storing Lease State Data as Part of Existing Entries 317
Storing Lease State Data Independently 318
Using LDAP Updates 318
Configuring LDAP State Updates 319
Option 1: Using the update-search-path Option 319
Option 2: Using the dn-format Option 320
Configuring LDAP Entry Creation 320
Troubleshooting LDAP 321
Related Topics 321
LDAP Connection Optimization 321
Recommended Values for LDAP 322
Using Expressions 325
CHAPTER 11
Using Expressions 325
Entering Expressions 326
Creating Expressions 328
Expression Syntax 328
Expression Datatypes 329
Literals in Expressions 329
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