Satec PM295 User manual

System 295

Powermeter &

Harmonic Analyzer

Installation and

Operation Manual

BG0130 Rev. A2

SYSTEM 295 POWERMETER

& HARMONIC ANALYZER

Installation & Operation Manual

2

Introduction

LIMITED WARRANTY

The manufacturer offers the customer an 24-month functional warranty on the instrument

for faulty workmanship or parts from date of dispatch from the distributor. In all cases,

this warranty is valid for 36 months from the date of production. This warranty is on a

return to factory basis.

The manufacturer does not accept liability for any damage caused by instrument

malfunction. The manufacturer accepts no responsibility for the suitability of the

instrument to the application for which it was purchased.

Failure to install, setup or operate the instrument according to the instructions herein will

void the warranty.

Your instrument may be opened only by a duly authorized representative of the

manufacturer. The unit should only be opened in a fully anti-static environment. Failure to

do so may damage the electronic components and will void the warranty.

NOTE

The greatest care has been taken to manufacture and calibrate your instrument. However,

these instructions do not cover all possible contingencies that may arise during

installation, operation or maintenance, and all details and variations of this equipment are

not covered by these instructions.

For additional information regarding installation, operation or maintenance of this

instrument, contact the manufacturer or your local representative or distributor.

IMPORTANT

Please read instructions contained in this manual before performing

installation, and take note of the following precautions:

1. Ensure that all incoming AC power and other power sources are turned OFF

before performing any work on the instrument. Failure to do so may result in serious

or even fatal injury and/or equipment damage.

2. Before connecting the instrument to the power source, check the labels on the

side of the instrument to ensure that your instrument is equipped with the appropriate

power supply voltage, input voltages, currents, analog output and communication

protocol for your application.

3. Under no circumstances should the instrument be connected to a power

source if it is damaged.

4. To prevent potential fire or shock hazard, do not expose the instrument to

rain or moisture.

Introduction 3

5. The secondary of an external current transformer must never be allowed to be

open circuit when the primary is energized. An open circuit can cause high voltages,

possibly resulting in equipment damage, fire and even serious or fatal injury. Ensure

that the current transformer wiring is made through shorting switches and is secured

using an external strain relief to reduce mechanical strain on the screw terminals, if

necessary.

6. Setup procedures must be performed only by qualified personnel familiar

with the instrument and its associated electrical equipment.

7. DO NOT attempt to open the instrument under any circumstances.

Modbus is a trademark of Modicon, Inc.

FRead through this manual thoroughly before connecting the meter to

the current carrying circuits. During operation of the meter, hazardous

voltages are present on input terminals. Failure to observe

precautions can result in serious or even fatal injury or damage to

equipment.

BG0130 Rev. A2

4

Introduction

About This Manual

Chapter 1, Introduction, includes a description of the PM295 basic features.

Chapter 2, Installation, provides instructions for mounting, installing and

interfacing the PM295.

Chapter 3, Operating the PM295, contains an overview of the PM295 measurement

and operation techniques.

Chapter 4, Operation Techniques, provides instructions on the manual operation of

the PM295.

Chapter 5 describes Communications Operation.

Chapter 6 provides Technical Specifications of the PM295.

Appendices

Appendix A specifies all of the display formats available for operational mode and

shows the corresponding front panel displays.

Appendix B lists the instrument programmable parameters that can be accessed

either through the front panel or communications.

Appendix C provides a sample of setpoint programming form.

Appendices D, E and F contain cable drawings for computer, printer and modem

communications connections.

Related Manuals

This operating manual contains information required for installation and operation

of the PM295. Information concerning the serial communications protocols is found

in the documents: "System 295 Powermeter and Harmonic Analyzer - ASCII

Communications Protocol - User's Guide" and "System 295 Powermeter and

Harmonic Analyzer - Modbus Communications Protocol - User's Guide" shipped

with your PM295 on diskette in Microsoft Word document format.

Introduction 1

Table of Contents

1. Introduction...............................................................................................1

1.1 About The PM295..................................................................................1

1.2 Instrument Features Summary...............................................................1

1.3 Measurement Capabilities......................................................................5

2. Installation...............................................................................................11

2.1 Initial Inspection...................................................................................11

2.2 Mechanical Installation.........................................................................11

2.3 Input/Output Terminals.........................................................................14

2.4 Power Source Connection....................................................................15

2.5 Voltage Input Connections ...................................................................15

2.5.1 660V Input..............................................................................................15

2.5.2 120V Input..............................................................................................16

2.6 Current Input Connections....................................................................16

2.7 Harmonic Measurement Connections...................................................17

2.8 Wiring Configurations...........................................................................18

2.9 Auxiliary Current Input Connections .....................................................25

2.10 Analog Output Connections..................................................................26

2.11 Relay Output Connections....................................................................27

2.12 Discrete Input Connections...................................................................28

2.13 Communications..................................................................................28

3. Operating The PM295.............................................................................30

3.1 Instrument Turn On..............................................................................30

3.2 Operational Mode.................................................................................30

3.2.1 Front Panel Operation.............................................................................30

3.2.2 Selecting a Display Page.........................................................................31

3.2.3 Display Formats......................................................................................31

3.3 Programming Mode..............................................................................32

3.3.1 Front Panel Operation.............................................................................32

3.3.2 General Operations.................................................................................34

3.3.3 Menu Map..............................................................................................35

3.3.4 Entering/Quitting Programming Mode......................................................35

3.3.5 Entering the Password............................................................................37

3.3.6 Selecting the Setup Group......................................................................37

3.3.7 Basic Setup ............................................................................................38

3.3.8 Serial Port Setup.....................................................................................39

3.3.9 Discrete Input Setup ...............................................................................39

3.3.10 Counter Setup ........................................................................................41

3.3.11 Analog Output Setup...............................................................................41

3.3.12 Analog Expander Setup ..........................................................................43

3.3.13 Pulsing Relay Setup................................................................................44

3.3.14 Event/Alarm Setpoints.............................................................................45

3.3.15 Timer Setup............................................................................................51

2

Introduction

3.3.16 Real Time Clock Setup............................................................................51

3.3.17 Date Format Setup .................................................................................53

3.3.18 Reset Functions......................................................................................53

3.3.19 Password Protection Control...................................................................54

3.4 Self-Test Diagnostics ...........................................................................55

4. Operation Techniques............................................................................56

4.1 Sampling Technique ............................................................................56

4.2 Measurement Modes............................................................................56

4.2.1 Real-time RMS Measurements................................................................56

4.2.2 Averaging...............................................................................................57

4.2.3 Minimum/Maximum Logging....................................................................57

4.3 Demand Measurements.......................................................................58

4.3.1 Demand Readings ..................................................................................58

4.3.2 Block Interval Demand............................................................................58

4.3.3 Sliding Window Demand..........................................................................59

4.3.4 Thermal Demand....................................................................................59

4.3.5 Accumulated and Predicted Demands.....................................................60

4.3.6 Demand Interval Measurement ...............................................................61

4.3.7 Resetting the Demands...........................................................................62

4.3.8 Demand Interval Pulse............................................................................63

4.4 Energy Measurements .........................................................................63

4.4.1 Measurement Modes..............................................................................63

4.4.2 Resetting the Energies............................................................................64

4.4.3 Energy Pulsing........................................................................................64

4.5 Harmonic Measurements .....................................................................64

4.5.1 Measurement Technique.........................................................................64

4.5.2 Harmonic Parameters.............................................................................65

4.5.3 Real-time Waveform Capture..................................................................66

4.6 Auxiliary Measurements.......................................................................66

4.6.1 Voltage and Current Unbalance...............................................................66

4.6.2 Calculated Neutral Current......................................................................67

4.6.3 Auxiliary Current Input Operation.............................................................67

4.6.4 Frequency Measurements.......................................................................67

4.6.5 Phase Rotation.......................................................................................68

4.6.6 Phase Angles..........................................................................................68

4.7 Time-Of-Use System ...........................................................................68

4.7.1 TOU System Operation...........................................................................68

4.7.2 TOU System Registers ...........................................................................69

4.7.3 TOU Calendars.......................................................................................70

4.7.4 Daily Profiles...........................................................................................70

4.7.5 Connecting with Energy-counting Meters.................................................70

4.7.6 Tariff Interval Pulse.................................................................................70

4.8 Discrete Input Operation ......................................................................70

4.9 Relay Output Operation........................................................................71

4.10 Analog Output Operation......................................................................72

4.11 Analog Expander Operation.................................................................74

4.12 Counter Operation................................................................................75

4.13 Timer Operation...................................................................................75

Introduction 3

4.14 User Programmable Events .................................................................76

4.15 On-Board Data Recording....................................................................77

4.15.1 Event Logging.........................................................................................79

4.15.2 Data Logging..........................................................................................80

4.15.3 High-speed Waveform Logging...............................................................81

4.15.4 High-resolution Waveform Logging..........................................................82

4.16 Monitoring And Recording Disturbances...............................................82

4.16.1 Disturbance Analysis...............................................................................82

4.16.2 Monitoring Disturbances..........................................................................83

4.16.3 Recording Disturbances..........................................................................83

4.17 Setpoint Operation...............................................................................84

4.17.1 General ..................................................................................................84

4.17.2 Setpoint Programming.............................................................................84

4.17.3 Triggering Conditions ..............................................................................85

4.17.4 Delaying Setpoint Operations..................................................................88

4.17.5 Setpoint Actions......................................................................................88

4.17.6 Special Considerations............................................................................90

4.17.7 Setpoint Programming Techniques..........................................................91

4.18 Update Rates And Response Time.......................................................99

5. Communications Operation................................................................. 101

5.1 General..............................................................................................101

5.2 Eia Interface Standards...................................................................... 101

5.2.1 EIA RS-232 Standard............................................................................101

5.2.2 EIA RS-422 and EIA RS-485 Standards................................................102

5.3 Configuring The Communications Port...............................................102

5.3.1 Communications Mode..........................................................................102

5.3.2 Interface...............................................................................................103

5.3.3 Communication Address .......................................................................103

5.3.4 Baud Rate ............................................................................................103

5.3.5 Data Format .........................................................................................104

5.3.6 Handshaking.........................................................................................104

5.3.7 DTR/RTS Control Line ..........................................................................105

5.3.8 Configuring the Printer Parameters........................................................105

5.4 Response Time..................................................................................106

5.5 Print Mode ......................................................................................... 106

6. Technical Specifications...................................................................... 108

Appendix A Display Formats.......................................................................113

Appendix B Programmable Parameters...................................................... 124

Appendix C Setpoint Programming Form......................................................152

Appendix D Cable Drawings - Computer Connection...................................153

Appendix E Cable Drawings - Serial Printer Connection..............................159

Appendix F Cable Drawings - Modem Connection.......................................163

INDEX..........................................................................................................164

Introduction 1

1. Introduction

1.1 About The PM295

The PM295 is an advanced microprocessor-based digital instrument that

incorporates the capabilities of the network analyzer, data recorder and

programmable controller allowing for user network monitoring, analysis and control.

The instrument provides three-phase measurements of electrical quantities in power

distribution systems, monitoring external events, operating external equipment via

relay contacts, fast and long-term on-board recording of measured quantities and

events, harmonic network analysis and disturbance recording.

The PM295 can communicate with PLCs and PC based workstations via serial

communications and directly by transducing analog and discrete signals, serving as

excellent partner in power network management. All measurement functions of the

PM295 are remotely programmable via the communications port.

The accompanying PAS295 software package provides easy remote programming

for the instrument, data acquisition, analysis and on-screen presentation.

1.2 Instrument Features Summary

Processing Block

• CPU - microcontroller 80C196KC20 with a 20 MHz oscillator

• Extended nonvolatile RAM with battery backup for data recording - 512K byte

module

• On-board real-time clock

• A I0-bit A/D converter

• Power supervisory circuit

• External watch-dog

Analog Inputs

• 3 isolated voltage inputs - 660 VAC/120 VAC options

• 3 isolated current inputs - 1A or 5A secondary options

• 1 isolated auxiliary current input for ground leakage/neutral current

measurements - 5 mA/1A/5A secondary options (upon order)

2

Introduction

Discrete Inputs

• 8 programmable optically isolated digital inputs free programmable for sensing

external contacts’ status and pulses.

Applications:

- monitoring external dry contacts

- sensing an external synchronization pulse for demand interval

measurements

- counting external pulses

- connecting with external energy-counting meters

- triggering setpoints from external alarm/event sources

- selecting output values for internal multiplexed analog output

Analog Outputs

• one internal multiplexed scalable free-programmable optically isolated current

output - 0-20/4-20 mA (upon order). Provides time-sharing output for up to 16

analog parameters that can be controlled externally by a combination of binary

signals on the instrument's discrete inputs (from 1 to 4 inputs can be operated)

• extension for up to 14 analog outputs is available using external analog

expanders (up to 2 units per instrument)

Discrete Outputs

• 4 digital free-programmable relay outputs (dry contact)

Applications:

- alarm activations

- load control

- energy pulsing

- time reference pulses for synchronization demand and tariff calculations

Timers

• 4 programmable a 1 sec resolution timers for repeated setpoint operations and

data recording

Counters

• 8 programmable large-scale counters with scalable input for counting input

pulses and various internal events

User Programmable Events

• 8 programmable flags for asserting user-definable events, allowing manual

control and expansion of setpoint operations

Introduction 3

Setpoints

• 16 programmable setpoints for monitoring various events:

- up to 4 triggering conditions for each setpoint combined by OR/AND

logical operations

- up to 4 actions for each setpoint on setpoint operation

- programmable hysteresis (dead-band) for analog triggers

- programmable delay for setpoint operation/release

• each setpoint can be combined with other setpoints if extended number of

conditions or actions needed

• any measured or sensed quantity/status/pulse/event can be used as a trigger

condition for setpoint operation

• voltage disturbance and phase rotation monitoring are available for triggering

setpoint operations

• setpoint actions available:

- operating relay output

- increment/decrement/clear counter

- assert/clear user programmable event

- reset total accumulating energy registers

- reset extreme demand registers

- reset TOU system accumulating energy registers

- reset TOU system demand registers

- clear all counters

- clear Min/Max log registers

- event logging on setpoint operation

- data logging in selected data log partition

- high-speed waveform logging for disturbance analysis

- high-resolution waveform logging for harmonic analysis

• each setpoint can be programmed to be operated manually via

communications by overriding present conditions or by gating setpoint

operations in addition to other setpoint conditions (for example when

event/data recording is needed for a user-defined time interval)

• each setpoint can be programmed to allow the setpoint operations to be

recorded in the event log on any setpoint transition - operate, release or either

transition

On-board Data Recording

• 19 free-programmable extended memory partitions for recording events,

measured data, and captured waveforms:

- one event logging partition for recording various events and setpoint

operations, providing storage for up to 36864 events with a 512K

memory module (assuming the entire memory allocated for the

partition)

4

Introduction

- 16 programmable data logging partitions, each for recording from 1 to

16 user programmable parameters per record, providing total storage

for up to 114,688 parameters with a 512K memory module (assuming

the entire memory allocated for data logging)

- one partition for high-speed waveform recording (32 samples x 16

cycles x 6 inputs per record) for disturbance analysis, and one partition

for high-resolution waveform recording (128 samples x 4 cycles x 6

inputs per record) for harmonic analysis, each providing storage for up

to 19, 40, or 82 records with a 512K memory module (assuming the

entire memory allocated for the partition)

• each memory partition can be sized to store desired number of records, from

1 record and up to the entire memory size, using an arbitrary combination of

partitions

• each memory partition can be programmed to store the oldest records without

overwriting previously recorded data when a partition is filled up, or to wrap

around by writing new records over the oldest records so that stored records

will always contain the most recent data

Time-of-Use System

• 8 programmable accumulating energy registers for 16 tariffs, each

configurable for counting kWh/kvarh/kVAh or pulses from up to 8 external

energy-counting meters

• 3 programmable demand registers for 16 tariffs, configurable for recording

extreme (minimum and maximum) demands using varying calculation

techniques: block interval/sliding window/thermal demand

• 16 daily profiles (types of days) with up to 8 tariff changes per day

• 2-year calendar

Communications

• one programmable optically isolated serial port - RS-232/RS-422/RS-485

embedded options with a user-selectable baud rate of 110 to 38400 BPS

Display

• multi-page display composed of 11 windows with high-brightness seven-

segment digital LEDs. A total of 55 display pages are available

Keypad

• four membrane long-life push-buttons for page scrolling and programming

Power Supply

• 90-264 V AC, 10-290 V DC options

Introduction 5

1.3 Measurement Capabilities

Table 1-1 lists quantities and signals measured, calculated and sensed by the PM295. Measurement readings can be

accessed via the front panel and communications. These readings can also be transferred through internal analog and

relay outputs, and used as triggers for alarm/event setpoint operations. Ranges and full scale values for measurement

parameters are summarized in technical specifications (see Chapter 6). Chapter 3 describes measurement functions and

modes of measuring input values.

Table 1-1 Measured Quantities and Sensed Signals

Measurement Mode Usage/output

Parameter Real-

time Sliding

average Demand Min/

Max Display Commu-

nications Analog

output Pulse Data

logging Trigger

setpoint

Per phase Measurements

Voltage (L-N/L-L) À• • • • • • • • •

Current • • • • • • • • •

kW Á• • • • • • • •

kvar Á• • • • • • • •

kVA Á• • • • • • • •

Power factor (signed) Á• • • • • • • •

Voltage THD Â• • • • • • • •

Current THD • • • • • • • •

K-Factor • • • • • • • •

Three-phase total measurements

Total kW • • • • • • • • •

Total kvar • • • • • • • • •

Total kVA • • • • • • • • •

Total power factor signed • • • • • • • •

Total power factor lag • • • • • • •

6

Introduction

Table 1-1 Measured Quantities and Sensed Signals

Measurement Mode Usage/output

Parameter Real-

time Sliding

average Demand Min/

Max Display Commu-

nications Analog

output Pulse Data

logging Trigger

setpoint

Total power factor lead • • • • • • •

Auxiliary measurements

Auxiliary current (ground

leakage/neutral current) • • • • • • • •

Neutral current (calculated) • • • • • • • •

Frequency • • • • • • • •

Voltage unbalance • • • • • • • •

Current unbalance • • • • • • • •

Low values on any phase

Low voltage (L-N/L-L) À• • • • •

Low current • • • • •

Low kW Á• • • • •

Low kvar Á• • • • •

Low kVA Á• • • • •

Low power factor lag Á• • • • •

Low power factor lead Á• • • • •

Low voltage THD Â• • • • •

Low current THD • • • • •

Low K-Factor • • • • •

High values on any phase

High voltage (L-N/L-L) À• • • • •

High current • • • • •

High kW Á• • • • •

High kvar Á• • • • •

Introduction 7

Table 1-1 Measured Quantities and Sensed Signals

Measurement Mode Usage/output

Parameter Real-

time Sliding

average Demand Min/

Max Display Commu-

nications Analog

output Pulse Data

logging Trigger

setpoint

High kVA Á• • • • •

High power factor lag Á• • • • •

High power factor lead Á• • • • •

High voltage THD Â• • • • •

High current THD • • • • •

High K-Factor • • • • •

Demands

Volt demand per phase À• • • Ã• • • •

Ampere demand per phase • • • Ã• • • •

Total kW demand (block interval,

sliding window, thermal) • • • Ã• • • •

Total kvar demand (block interval,

sliding window, thermal) • • • Ã• • • •

Total kVA demand (block interval,

sliding window, thermal) • • • Ã• • • •

Predicted demands

Total kW demand (accumulated,

sliding window) • • • • • •

Total kvar demand (accumulated,

sliding window) • • • • • •

Total kVA demand (accumulated,

sliding window) • • • • • •

Total energies

kWh (import, export, net, total) • • • • •

8

Introduction

Table 1-1 Measured Quantities and Sensed Signals

Measurement Mode Usage/output

Parameter Real-

time Sliding

average Demand Min/

Max Display Commu-

nications Analog

output Pulse Data

logging Trigger

setpoint

kvarh (import, export, net, total) • • • • •

kVAh (total) • • • • •

Per phase harmonic measurements

Voltage harmonics (1-40), % Â• • Ä• • • •

Current harmonics (1-40), % • • Ä• • • •

Harmonic voltages (for odd

harmonics 1-39) Â• • Ä• • • • •

Harmonic currents (for odd

harmonics 1-39) • • Ä• • • • •

Three-phase total harmonic measurements

Harmonic total kW (for odd

harmonics 1-39) • • Ä• • • • •

Harmonic total kvar (for odd

harmonics 1-39) • • Ä• • • • •

Harmonic total power factors (for odd

harmonics 1-39) • • Ä• • • • •

TOU energy registers

8 registers for 16 tariffs, free

programmable for counting

kWh/kvarh/kVAh or pulses from

external energy-counting meters

• •

TOU demand registers

3 registers ( kW/kvar/kVA demands)

for 16 tariffs, free • • • •

programmable for registration

block interval/sliding window/

thermal Min/Max demands

• • • v

Introduction 9

Table 1-1 Measured Quantities and Sensed Signals

Measurement Mode Usage/output

Parameter Real-

time Sliding

average Demand Min/

Max Display Commu-

nications Analog

output Pulse Data

logging Trigger

setpoint

TOU system parameters

Active tariff • • •

Active profile • • •

Pulse counters

8 large scale counters for counting

external pulses or internal events • • • •

Discrete inputs

8 discrete inputs, free configurable for

sensing external contacts or pulses • • • •

Timers

4 timers with 1 sec resolution •

Internal events

kWh pulse (import/export/total) • •

kvarh pulse (import/export/total) • •

kVAh pulse • •

Start demand interval • •

Start tariff interval • •

Time/date parameters

Year, month, day of month, day of

week, hour, minute, second •

Special measurements

Voltage disturbance •

Phase rotation • •

Phase angles per phase •

10

Introduction

NOTES

¬For all applications/outputs, the voltage parameters can represent line-to-neutral or line-to-line voltages depending on the

wiring configuration selected in the Powermeter. (4Ln3/3Ln3 = line-to-neutral voltages; all other configurations = line-to-line

voltages).

-In 3-wire connection schemes, the individual phase values for power factor, active power, apparent power and reactive power

will be zero, because they have no meaning. Only total three-phase power values can be used.

®In all grounded connections using either 4Ln3 or 4LL3 wiring configurations, harmonic voltages will represent line-to-neutral

voltages. In a 3-wire direct connection, harmonic voltages will represent line-to-neutral voltages that arise on the Powermeter's

input transformers. In a 3-wire open delta connection, harmonic voltages will comprise L12 and L23 line-to-line voltages.

¯Display readings are the maximum demands over entire time of survey.

°Measurements can be made via 16 programmable Min/Max registers.

Installation 11

2. Installation

2.1 Initial Inspection

Upon receipt, the instrument should be free of damage and in perfect order. To

confirm this, first inspect the instrument for physical damage incurred in transit. If

the instrument is damaged, inform your local distributor immediately. Only after you

have determined that the instrument is damage-free, test the electrical performance.

2.2 Mechanical Installation

Location

The instrument should be mounted away from heat sources in a dirt-free

environment. The instrument should not be operated in direct sunlight nor should it

come into contact with oil or moisture.

Although designed to operate in an electrically noisy environment, the instrument

should not be placed near very high electric fields. It must be placed at least one-half

meter (1.64 feet) from current lines carrying up to 600 amperes. For currents greater

than 600A and up to 2,000A, this distance must be at least 1 meter (3.28 feet).

In the event that the instrument is mounted in a harsh, noisy environment with high

potential for electromagnetic impulses from heavy switch gears, motors or lightning,

it is recommended to install appropriate protective devices such as lightening and

over-voltage arresters to all incoming voltage inputs.

Mounting

The PM295 is designed to be panel mounted. The dimensions of the cutout

necessary both for front (standard) and rear panel mounting are shown in Figures 2-

1 and 2-2.

For either front or rear mounting, the instrument is positioned through the cutout,

and the bracket(s) are then screwed to the back of the instrument as shown in the

figures. For front mounting, the four thrust screws are tightened against the panel to

affix the instrument in place.

12

Installation

Figure 2-1 Front Mounting (standard)

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