Fagor CNC 800 T User manual

FAGOR 800T CNC

SELF-TEACHING Manual

Ref. 9804 (ing)

INDEX

Chapter 1 Theory on CNC machines

1.1.- Machine axes ……………………………………………..……………..………….3

1.2.- Machine reference zero and part zero ………..…………………………..………...4

1.3.- Home Search ……………………...………………...……………………..……….5

1.4.- Travel limits ……...………………………………...………………………..……..6

1.5.- Part zero preset ……….……………………………...…...…………………..…….7

1.6.- Programming units ………..………………………………………………….…….8

1.7.- Spindle speed …………..…………………………………………………...…..…. 9

1.8.- Axis feedrate ………………………….…………………………………………...11

Chapter

2 Theory on tools

2.1.- The tool turret …………………………………………………………………...….3

2.2.- Tool table …………….………………………………………………….…...….....4

2.3.- Tool calibration …………………………………………………………….……...11

Chapter

3 Hands-on training

3.1.- Screen and keyboard description …………………………………………………...3

3.1.1.- Power-up ……...……………………………………………………….…...…...3

3.1.2.- Keyboard description ….……………………………………………………......4

3.1.3.- Description of the screen …..………………………………….……………......6

3.2.- Home Search ………………………….………………………...………………….7

3.3.- Spindle ………………………………..…………………………...………………..8

3.3.1.- Speed ranges (gears) …………….…...…………………………...…………….8

3.3.2.- Work in RPM (Revolutions per minute) ………………...……….…………...10

3.3.3.- Work at Constant Surface Speed (CSS) ………………..………….………….11

3.4.- Axis jog …………………………………………………………….……………..13

3.4.1.- Handwheels ……………...……………..……………………….……………..14

3.4.2.- Incremental JOG …………………….….……………………….….…………15

3.4.3.- Continuous JOG mm/min …………..…………………………….…..……….16

3.4.4.- Continous JOG mm/rev ……………………………………………...………..17

3.4.5.- Rapid jog key ………………………………………………………..….……..19

3.4.6.- Move the axes with keystroke sequence: “BEGIN+start” or “END+start” …..20

3.5.- Tools ………...…………………………..……………………….………………..22

3.5.1.- Tool selection ………………………..……………………….………………..22

3.5.2.- Tool calibration …………..…………..………………………….…………….24

3.5.3.- How to complete the tool table ……….………………………….……………27

3.6.- Checking for proper calibration ……….……………………………….…………28

Chapter 4 Automatic operations

4.1.- Operating modes ……...……………………………………………………….…...3

4.2.- Example of turning in “Semiautomatic” mode .…….………………………….......7

4.3.- Example of turning in “Automatic” mode ……..…………………………...….…10

4.3.1.- Programming …………………………………………………………….…....10

4.3.2.- Simulate an operation ……...….……………………...…………..………...…13

4.3.3.- Executing an operation ………...……………………………………………...16

Chapter

5 Summary of work cycles

5.1.- Facing. “Automatic” ….………………………………………………………..…..2

5.2.- Taper turning. “Automatic” ……….………………………………………….…....3

5.3.- Rounding. “Automatic 1” ….…...…………………………………………...…..….4

5.4.- Rounding. “Automatic 2” ………..…………………………………………..…..…5

5.5.- Profile rounding ……………..…….……………………………………………..…6

5.6.- Threading. “Automatic” …...………………………………………………...……..8

5.7.- Grooving ……………………….……………………………………………..…… 9

5.8.- Simple drilling …...……………………………………………………………..…10

5.9.- Tapping ……………………..………………………………………….……….…11

5.10.- Profiles …...………………………………………………………...……………12

Chapter

6 Part-programs

6.1.- Conversational part-programs …….………………………………………...……...3

6.1.1.- What is a conversational part-program? …...…………………………....……...3

6.1.2.- Edit a part-program …………….………………………………….…….……...4

6.1.3.- Modify a part-program ……...…………………….…………………….……...7

6.1.4.- Simulate an operation of a part-program ……………….…………….……….10

6.1.5.- Simulate a part-program ……………….…………………………….…….….11

6.1.6.- Execute an operation of a part-program ………………………………..……..12

6.1.7.- Execute a part-program from a particular operation on …….………….….…..13

6.1.8.- Execute a part-program ……………..………………………………………....14

6.1.9.- Delete a part-program ……....……………………………………………..…..17

6.2.- Program P99996 …….………………………………………………...……….….18

6.2.1.- What is it? ……………………………………………………………..….…...18

6.2.2.- How is it edited? ..……………………………………………………...…...…19

6.2.3.- Execute/simulate program P99996 ……………..…………………...…….......22

Appendix I Other machining operations on a lathe

I.1.- Introduction ……………………………………………………….…………....…...2

I.2.- Spindle orientation ……………………………………...……….…...………….….3

I.3.- Live tool ……………………….……………………………………………………4

I.4.- Multiple drilling ………………………………………………………………..…...5

I.5.- Slot milling ……………………………………………………….………...………6

Appendix

II Peripherals

II.1.- Peripherals …...…………………………………………………………………….2

II.1.1.- Peripheral mode ….………………………………………………………….....2

II.2.- Lock/Unlock ………………..……………………………………………..…..…...4

1.- Theory on CNC machines

Self-teaching Manual

Chapter 1 Page 2

800T CNC

This chapter describes:

• How to name the axes of the machine.

• What machine reference zero and part zero are.

• What “Home Search” is.

• What travel limits are.

• How to preset a part zero.

• Which are the programming units.

> millimeters/inches.

> radius/diameter.

• Ways to operate with the spindle.

> RPM/CSS. (Revolutions Per Minute/Constant Surface Speed).

• Ways to move the axes.

> mm/min or mm/rev.

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1.1 Machine Axes.

Z axis: Along the machine.

X axis: Across the machine.

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1.2 Machine reference zero and part zero.

They are the references the machine needs in order to work:

– Machine ref. zero (OM): Is set by the manufacturer and it is the origin point

for the axes.

– Part zero (OP): Is set by the operator. It is the part’s origin or datum point

with respect to which the movements are programmed. It could be set

anywhere on the part.

Home

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800T CNC

When the CNC is off, the axes may be moved by hand or by accident.

In these situations, the CNC no longer keeps track of the real position of the axes. That is

why a “Home Search” should be carried out on power-up.

When searching home, the axes move to the home point set by the manufacturer and the

CNC assumes the value of the coordinates set by the manufacturer for that point. When

searching home, the part zero is lost.

Home

Real X

Real Z

1.3 Home Search.

– Home: Set by the manufacturer. It is the point where the axes move during “Home

Search”.

– Turret Ref.: Set by the manufacturer. Point moving with the turret. It is the point

that moves during “Home Search”.

Turrent Ref.

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1.4 Travel limits.

There are two types of limits:

– Hard limits: Mechanical limits set on the machine to prevent the carriage

from moving beyond the ways.

– Software limits: Software limits set at the CNC by the manufacturer to

prevent the carriage from running into the machine’s hard limits.

Hard limits

Software limits

Home

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1.5 Part zero preset.

It is easier to program movements from a part zero.

The part zero is only set on the Z axis.

OM: Machine Ref. zero.

OP: Part zero.

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800T CNC

1.6 Programming units.

The movement units of the CNC can be millimeters or inches.

millimeters inches

The X axis movements may also be programmed in radius or in diameter.

Radius Diameter

A X=0 Z=0 X=0 Z=0

B X=12 Z=-12 X=24 Z=-12

C X=12 Z=-42 X=24 Z=-42

D X=22 Z=-52 X=44 Z=-52

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It could be defined in two ways:

CSS: Constant Surface Speed.

N1=N2

V1>V2

V1=V2

N1<N2

1.7 Spindle speed.

RPM: Revolutions per minute.

The CNC maintains the cutting speed (V)

constant while varying the turning speed (N).

The CNC maintains the turning speed (N)

constant while varying the cutting speed (V).

The CNC offers two ways to operate with the spindle:

–Cutting speed (V):

It is the linear speed between the part and the tool at the

contact point.

–Turning speed (N):

It is the angular speed of the part.

The relationship between them is: V=2*

π*R*N/1000

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800T CNC

To work at CSS, two things must be borne in mind:

The part zero must be at the part’s turning

axis so that the calculated turning speed is the

same as the best cutting speed.

The maximum turning speed must be

programmed because the turning speed increases

as the diameter decreases and a particular speed

should not be exceeded on parts with a large

diameter.

The CNC works at Constant Surface Speed

(Vc) and, starting at diameter Dc (when

N=Nmax), it works at constant turning speed

(N).

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800T CNC

1.8 Axis feedrate.

The feedrate of the axes can be programmed in two ways:

– mm/rev: The axis feedrate changes depending on spindle speed. If the

spindle is stopped, the axes do not move.

– mm/min: The axis feedrate is independent of the spindle speed. The axes

move even when the spindle is stopped.

NOTE

It is recommended to work at Constant Surface Speed (CSS) and with the

feedrate in mm/rev. This way, the tool lasts longer and the resulting part finish is

better.

2.- Theory on tools

Self-teaching Manual

Chapter 2 Page 2

800T CNC

This chapter describes:

• What the tool turret is.

• What the tool table is and what information it contains.

• What tool presetting is.

• Defects due to errors in the tool table.

> Due to wrong tool calibration.

> Due to wrong tool location codes (tool shapes).

> Due to wrong tool radius values.

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2.1 The tool turret.

The tools this CNC can use are placed on the tool turret. This turret may have

either a manual or automatic tool changer. When manual, the tool change is carried

out like on a conventional machine. When automatic, all the tools will be placed on

the turret and the CNC will rotate the whole turret to put the tool at the work

position.

Turret with manual tool change Turret with automatic tool changer

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2.2 Tool table.

The tool table contains tool information such as their position on the turret,

dimensions, etc.

When changing the tool, the CNC takes this tool information.

The information kept in the tool table refers to: T, X, Z, F, R, I, K:

T: Tool number.

X: Tool length (in radius) along the X axis

Z: Tool length along the Z axis.

Tool Ref.

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R: Tool radius.

I: Tool wear along the X axis.

K: Tool wear along the Z axis.

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Fagor CNC 800 T User manual

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