Kistler 9313AA1 Owner's manual

Instruction

Manual

Press Force Sensor

Type 9313AA1,

9313AA2

9313AA1_002-475e-03.23

Fz

Type 9313AA1,

9313AA2

Introduction

9313AA1_002-475e-03.23 Page 1

Forword

Thank you for choosing a Kistler quality product charac-

terized by technical innovation, precision and long life.

Information in this document is subject to change without

notice. Kistler reserves the right to change or improve its

products and make changes in the content without

obligation to notify any person or organization of such

changes or improvements.

protected by various intellectual property rights. For more

details visit www.kistler.com. The Kistler Group includes

Kistler Holding AG and all its subsidiaries in Europe, Asia,

the Americas and Australia.

Kistler Group

Eulachstraße 22

8408 Winterthur

Switzerland

Tel. +41 52 224 11 11

[email protected]

www.kistler.com

Content

Page 2 9313AA1_002-475e-03.23

Content

1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4

2. Important notes .............................................................................................................................. 5

2.1 For your safety ..................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Unpacking ............................................................................................................................ 6

2.3 Notes on using the Press Force Sensor ................................................................................. 6

2.4 Hints on using these operating instructions .......................................................................... 7

3. General description ........................................................................................................................ 8

3.1 What are Press Force Sensors used for? ............................................................................... 8

3.2 Design and functional principle of the Press Force Sensors Types 9313AA1 and 9313AA2 .. 9

4. Installation and startup ................................................................................................................ 10

4.1 Important information ........................................................................................................ 10

4.2 Mounting of the Press Force Sensor ................................................................................... 10

4.3 Adaptation possibilities Type 9313AA1 and 9313AA2 ....................................................... 12

4.3.1 Adaptation A: Mounting in shaft with customized shaft adapters ...................................... 13

4.3.2 Adaptation B: mounting in shaft with mounting studs........................................................ 14

4.3.3 Adaptation C: mounting on table with flange and pressure distribution cap ...................... 15

4.4 Basic circuit and cabling of the measuring chain ................................................................. 16

4.4.1 Notes on cabling the measuring chain ................................................................................ 16

5. Operation ..................................................................................................................................... 18

5.1 Setting the charge amplifier ................................................................................................ 18

5.2 Polarity of the measuring signal.......................................................................................... 18

5.3 Resolution of the measuring signal ..................................................................................... 19

5.4 Quasistatic measurements .................................................................................................. 19

5.5 Tips for good measurands .................................................................................................. 20

6. Maintenance ................................................................................................................................ 21

6.1 Recalibrating the instrument ............................................................................................... 21

6.2 Maintenance work ............................................................................................................. 22

7. Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................................... 23

7.1 Fault-finding and remedy ................................................................................................... 23

7.2 Repairing the Press Force Sensor ........................................................................................ 23

8. Technical data .............................................................................................................................. 24

8.1 Press Force Sensor Type 9313AA1, 9313AA2 .................................................................... 24

8.2 Dimensions Type 9313AA1 and 9313AA2 ......................................................................... 25

8.3 Dimensions of accessories .................................................................................................. 26

8.3.1 Flange for Type 9313AA1 and 9313AA2 ........................................................................... 26

8.3.2 Force distribution cap for Type 9313AA1 and 9313AA2 .................................................... 26

8.3.3 Mounting spigot Type 9313AA1 and 9313AA2 ................................................................. 27

8.4 Accessories included ........................................................................................................... 28

8.5 Optional accessories ........................................................................................................... 28

9. Annex ........................................................................................................................................... 29

Content

9313AA1_002-475e-03.23 Page 3

9.1 Glossary .............................................................................................................................. 29

9.2 Measurement uncertainty ................................................................................................... 32

9.3 Linearity .............................................................................................................................. 33

9.4 Frequency range ................................................................................................................. 35

9.5 Influence of temperature..................................................................................................... 36

9.6 Index................................................................................................................................... 38

Total Pages 39

Press Force Sensor Type 9313AA1, 9313AA2

Page 4 9313AA1_002-475e-03.23

1. Introduction

Please take the time to thoroughly read this instruction

manual. It will help you with the installation, maintenance,

and use of this product.

Kistler offers a wide range of products for use in measuring

technology:

▪ Piezoelectric sensors for measuring force, torque, strain,

pressure, acceleration, shock, vibration and acoustic

emission

▪ Strain gage sensor systems for measuring force and

moments

▪ Piezoresistive pressure sensors and transmitters

▪ Signal conditioners, indicators and calibrators

▪ Electronic control and monitoring systems as well as

software for specific measurement applications

▪ Wireless data transmission modules

Kistler also develops and produces measuring solutions for

the application fields of engines, vehicles, manufacturing,

plastics and biomechanics sectors.

Our product and application brochures will provide you

with an overview of our product range. Detailed data

sheets are available for almost all products.

If you need additional help beyond what can be found

either on-line or in this manual, please contact Kistler's

extensive support organization.

Important notes

9313AA1_002-475e-03.23 Page 5

2. Important notes

It is essential for you to study the following notes, which

are for your personal safety during work, and to ensure

long term, fault-free operation of this product.

2.1 For your safety

▪ This product has been thoroughly tested and has left

the factory in a perfectly safe condition. In order to

maintain this condition and ensure safe operation, com-

pliance is required with the instructions and warning

notes in these Operating Instructions.

▪ The press force sensor must be installed, operated and

maintained only by persons who are familiar with this

product and who are adequately qualified for the work

involved.

▪ If it is to be assumed that safe operation is no longer

possible, the equipment must be shut down and made

safe against being accidentally started up.

Safe operation must be assumed to be no longer possi-

ble when the product

▪ shows visible signs of damage,

▪ has been overloaded,

▪ is no longer operating,

▪ has been in lengthy storage under unsuitable condi-

tions and,

▪ has been subjected to rough transport conditions.

Install the press force sensor in position as prescribed. De-

tails can be found in section 4.2

Secure all parts mounted on the press force sensor accor-

ding to anticipated moments!

Press Force Sensor Type 9313AA1, 9313AA2

Page 6 9313AA1_002-475e-03.23

2.2 Unpacking

Check all packaging for transport damage. Report any such

damage to the transporters and to the authorized Kistler

distributor.

Check accessories delivered (see Section 8.5) before first

use of the equipment. Report any missing parts to the au-

thorized Kistler distributor.

.

2.3 Notes on using the Press Force Sensor

▪ The press force sensor must be used only under the

environmental and operating conditions specified.

▪ With piezoelectric sensors, insulation resistance is of

crucial importance; it must be approx. 1014  (but not

less than 5·1013 ).

▪ In order to preserve this value, all plug-and-socket

connections must be kept absolutely clean and dry. The

insulation resistance can be measured with the

insulation tester Type 5493.

▪ Protect the connector of the press force sensor against

contamination and on no account touch it with your

fingers (connector front). Fit the cover supplied over the

connector when it is not in use.

▪ A high-insulation cable is used to connect the press

force sensor to a charge amplifier. Once attached, it

should if possible remain connected to the sensor. Use

only specified connecting cables.

▪ Protect the press force sensor when it is not in use by

storing it in its original packaging.

Important notes

9313AA1_002-475e-03.23 Page 7

2.4 Hints on using these operating instructions

We recommend that you read the entire operating instruc-

tions carefully. However, if you are in a hurry and already

have experience with Kistler press force sensors, read the

specific information needed.

We have attempted to give these instructions a clear

presentation to make it easier for you to gain direct access

to the information you need.

Please keep these operating instructions in a safe place

where you can retrieve them at any time.

If you lose these operating instructions, please contact your

Kistler distributor and ask them for an immediate replace-

ment.

Press Force Sensor Type 9313AA1, 9313AA2

Page 8 9313AA1_002-475e-03.23

3. General description

3.1 What are Press Force Sensors used for?

A Press Force Sensor is used for measuring dynamic and

quasistatic compressive forces.

The main areas of application are:

Process monitoring

▪ Press fitting, spot welding, crimping, bonding, punching,

precision cutting, deep drawing, embossing

Product testing

▪ Switches, connectors, springs

Calibration in

▪ Force shunt measurement

▪ Indirect force measurement

Kistler Press Force Sensors are characterized by high rigidity

and a high natural frequency. The effective useful frequen-

cy range is, however, determined by the natural frequency of

the entire measuring arrangement. The high resolution

allows measurement of the smallest dynamic changes even

in the case of large forces.

The hole pattern of the flanges integrated on both sides

and the optionally available accessories allow adaptation of

the Kistler Press Force Sensors for almost any application.

The central mounting threads on both sides (Type

9313AA1 and 9313AA2) contribute to the axially precise

introduction of the Fz force.

Kistler Press Force Sensors are delivered calibrated and

ready for immediate use.

General description

9313AA1_002-475e-03.23 Page 9

3.2 Design and functional principle of the Press Force Sensors Types

9313AA1 and 9313AA2

The special patented design of Kistler Press Force Sensors

is characterized in that the sensor is axially preloaded

between a mounting sleeve and a base plate, by which the

compressive force is transferred to the force-sensitive

crystal slices. This preloading of the sensor is a requirement

for good linearity of the output signal, particularly for small

compressive forces.

The Press Force Sensor is welded seal-tight and is rust-

resistant. With a cable connected and an O-ring correctly

fitted in the cable connector, the connection is protected

against the entry of water spray.

Front-side, centric mounting threads are provided for the

precise coaxial introduction of force.

Fig. 1: Construction

1 Crystal

2 Cover plate

3 Base plate

4 Connection

5 Mounting thread

The Press Force Sensor contains a pair of crystal plates as

an integrated sensor element sensitive to pressure. The

pressure-sensitive direction of the crystal wafers is arranged

so that a charge signal proportional to the magnitude of

the compressive force is produced.

A negative charge produces a positive voltage at the

output of the charge amplifier and vice versa.

Measurement is made practically without displacement as a

result of the piezoelectric measuring principle and the high

rigidity of the Press Force Sensor.

Fig. 2: Functional principle

Press Force Sensor Type 9313AA1, 9313AA2

Page 10 9313AA1_002-475e-03.23

4. Installation and startup

4.1 Important information

Press Force Sensor Type 9313AA1 and 9313AA2 are

precision instruments whose specifications are fully utilized

only when they are correctly employed and only when

they are carefully handled. Please comply with the

following:

▪ Never let the Press Force Sensor drop or expose it to

hard impacts! The peak force of such a shock can cause

irreparable damage.

▪ Do not use a hammer to position the workpieces, as

impacts of this kind can also cause damage!

The following sections will provide you with information on

how to mount the Press Force Sensor and on setting up a

measuring chain.

4.2 Mounting of the Press Force Sensor

Please comply with the following information con-

cerning the correct mounting of the Press Force Sensor

▪ The Press Force Sensor must be installed only by per-

sons who are familiar with it and are adequately quali-

fied for this work.

▪ Angular seating will cause unwanted bending moments

which can overload and even destroy the sensor. The

contact surfaces of adapter flanges must be machined

perfectly flat. If the Press Force Sensor is used as a

calibration element, the adjoining surfaces must have a

roughness of Ra 0,8 µm (N6), otherwise a roughness

of Ra 6,3 µm (N9) will suffice. Before mounting, the

contact surfaces must be thoroughly cleaned.

▪ The Press Force Sensor is designed for measuring com-

pressive forces in the longitudinal axis. Although addi-

tional bending moments, tensile, compressive and shear

forces can be tolerated by the Press Force Sensor up to a

certain extent, these should be avoided if possible.

Installation and startup

9313AA1_002-475e-03.23 Page 11

The compressive force must only be applied by the flange

surfaces at the top and bottom sides of the Press Force

Sensor. The compressive force is thereby transferred via the

front-side flanged-on adaptation parts (strength class at

least 12.9) or mounting parts with appropriate contact

surfaces. The length of the screws must be selected so that

the depth of the blind hole in the Press Force Sensor flange

is fully utilized. The screws must not, however, protrude

against the base of the blind hole.

Fig. 3: Mounting Press Force Sensors Fig. 4: Type 9313AA1 and 9313AA2

Type 9313AA1 and 9313AA2

When tightening the screw connections, the force used can

be counteracted by applying an open wrench to the sensor

outer casing!

Tightening torques MA for fillister-head screws

Type 9313AA1 M2,5x2 MA = 0,5 N·m

Type 9313AA2 M4x3 MA = 1 N·m

We recommend the use of screws from the strength class

12.9 upwards.

The connecting cable must be connected only after the

Press Force Sensor has been installed. Since contamination

on the connector contacts can lead to sizeable measuring

errors (in particular drift), the plastic protective connector

covers on the sensor as well as on the cable should always

remain screwed in position during mounting! In particular,

the greatest care must be exercised in dirty environmental

conditions.

Press Force Sensor Type 9313AA1, 9313AA2

Page 12 9313AA1_002-475e-03.23

4.3 Adaptation possibilities Type 9313AA1 and 9313AA2

Fig. 5: Adaptation possibilities: Press Force Sensors

Type 9313AA1 und 9313AA2

Shaft mounting

A B

Fig. 6: Mounting possibilities: shaft mounting

Table mounting

Fig. 7: Mounting on press table

These mounting possibilities are described in the following

pages.

Press

F

Shaft mounting

Table mounting

Installation and startup

9313AA1_002-475e-03.23 Page 13

4.3.1 Adaptation A: Mounting in shaft with customized shaft adapters

Fig. 8: Mounting example A

FZ = Compressive force [N]

Introduction via shaft with mounting thread

FS = Lateral force [N]

This "interference force" represents shear forces and

bending moments acting on the Press Force Sensor.

The maximum permissible values are listed in the

Technical Data on page 24.

▪ Tightening torques MA for fillister-head screws

Type 9313AA1 M2,5x2 MA = 0,5 N·m

Type 9313AA2 M4x3 MA = 1 N·m

We recommend the use of screws from strength class

12.9 upwards, see also section 4.2.

▪ Mounting clearance S is the gap between the end of the

mounting screw and the base of the tapped blind hole in

the flange of the Press Force Sensor. The mounting clear-

ance should not be less than 0,5 mm or half a thread turn.

Customized shaft

adapter

Customized shaft

adapter

Cover plate

Base plate

Mounting

clearance S

Fs

Press Force Sensor Type 9313AA1, 9313AA2

Page 14 9313AA1_002-475e-03.23

4.3.2 Adaptation B: mounting in shaft with mounting studs

Fig. 9: Mounting example B

▪ Tightening torques MA for fillister-head screws

Type 9313AA1 M2,5x2 MA = 0,5 N·m

Typ 9313AA2 M4x3 MA = 1 N·m

We recommend the use of screws from strength class

12.9 upwards, see also section 4.2.

Explanations concerning Fz, Fs as well as mounting clear-

ance S can be found on page 13.

Mounting stud

Cover plate

Base plate

Mounting stud

Mounting

clearance S

FS

Installation and startup

9313AA1_002-475e-03.23 Page 15

4.3.3 Adaptation C: mounting on table with flange and pressure distribution cap

Fig. 10: Mounting example C

▪ Tightening torques MA for fillister-head screws

Type 9313AA1 M2,5x2 MA = 0,5 N·m MB = 0,5 N·m

Type 9313AA2 M4x3 MA = 1 N·m MB = 0,5 N·m

We recommend the use of screws from strength class

12.9 upwards, see also section 4.2.

Explanations concerning Fz, Fs as well as mounting clear-

ance S can be found on page 13.

Press Force Sensor Type 9313AA1, 9313AA2

Page 16 9313AA1_002-475e-03.23

4.4 Basic circuit and cabling of the measuring chain

The Press Force Sensor produces an electric charge when the

compressive force changes. The charge signal is converted by

the charge amplifier into a proportional output voltage, which

can then be measured and recorded with an data acquisition

system.

4.4.1 Notes on cabling the measuring chain

Piezoelectric sensors must only be connected to or dis-

connected from a charge amplifier, when the latter is in

the <Reset> mode. The input stage of the charge amplifier

can be destroyed by voltage peaks in the <Operate> or

<Measure> mode.

▪ Only highly insulated coaxial cables with low capaci-

tance may be used as connecting cables for piezoe-

lectric sensors, which produce only very low triboelectri-

city during movement. We recommend using only

cables listed in the data sheet 9313_000-705e.

▪ We recommend that the two connectors on the connec-

ting cable are cleaned before connection using the

cleaning and insulation spray Type 1003 from Kistler or

white spirit. The connector on the Press Force Sensor is

sealed with an O-ring. With some cables, this is enclosed

separately and must be installed before using the con-

nector. The contact surfaces for the O-ring must be clean.

▪ To prevent contamination of the connector contacts,

the connecting cable should remain permanently con-

nected to the Press Force Sensor. Remove the cover

caps from the connections only immediately before

connecting the cable.

▪ Position the connecting cable so that it can move as

freely as necessary during work, but cannot be sheared

or torn off.

▪ Vibration of the connecting cable can generate an

electric charge resulting in noise on the charge signal

(which is known as the triboelectric effect).

▪ A summation of the charge and the measurands can be

achieved by connecting several sensors in parallel. Only

one charge amplifier is required.

▪ Standard cables can be used to connect the indicator or

data acquisition units from the charge amplifier.

Installation and startup

9313AA1_002-475e-03.23 Page 17

The following illustration shows the elements required to

connect the Press Force Sensors to a charge amplifier such

as charge amplifier Type 5015A.

Calibration measuring chain comprising

▪ Press Force Sensor, pressure distribution cap and flange,

cable and charge amplifier Type 5015A

Fig. 11: Force calibration measuring chain

Measuring chain for compressive force monitoring com-

prising

▪ Press Force Sensor, cable, displacement sensor and

ControlMonitor

Fig. 12: Force-displacement measurement with process

monitoring

Force signals from several Press Force Sensors can be

added as charges to produce a summation signal. This is

done by feeding the cable end with the BNC pos. connec-

tor from each sensor to the coupling Type 1743. The cou-

pling can be plugged directly into the BNC neg. connection

of the ControlMonitors or via an extension cable.

Type

9313AA1, 9313AA2

Cable e.g. Type 1631C2

Fz

Displacement sensor

Type 2101A3

Cable Type 1631C...

Press Force Sensor

Type 9313AA1,

9313AA2

maXYmos

Type 5867B..."

Fz

Press Force Sensor Type 9313AA1, 9313AA2

Page 18 9313AA1_002-475e-03.23

5. Operation

5.1 Setting the charge amplifier

In conjunction with the Press Force Sensors Types 9313AA1

and 9313AA2 we recommend the use of a charge amplifier

with sensitivity selection such as Type 5073A... or a

ControlMonitor Type 5863A... . Details for equipment set

up are given in the relevant instruction manuals.

Sensitivity

Set the sensitivity (pC/N) according to the calibration certi-

ficate for the Press Force Sensor. The indication appears

directly in N.

Measuring range

Set the measuring range required (N). Depending on the

instrument, the output voltage range (± V FSO) and the

scaling for the output voltage (N/V) can also be selected.

5.2 Polarity of the measuring signal

Compressive forces produce a negative charge signal at the

sensor and a positive display value or positive voltage at

the analog output of the charge amplifier.

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