Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0 User guide

Category
Software
Type
User guide
Copyright © 1999-2011 Parallels Holdings, Ltd. and its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Parallels Server Bare Metal
5.0
Command-Line Reference Guide
Parallels Holdings, Ltd.
c/o Parallels International GMbH.
Parallels International GmbH
Vordergasse 49
CH8200 Schaffhausen
Switzerland
Tel: + 41 526320 411
Fax: + 41 52672 2010
www.parallels.com
Copyright © 1999-2011 Parallels Holdings, Ltd. and its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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patents, and trademarks are listed at http://www.parallels.com/trademarks.
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Inc., registered in the US and other countries.
Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.
All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 8
About Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0 .............................................................................. 9
About This Guide .......................................................................................................... 10
Organization of This Guide .................................................................................................... 11
Documentation Conventions ................................................................................................. 11
Formatting Legend ........................................................................................................ 13
Getting Help .................................................................................................................. 14
Feedback ...................................................................................................................... 15
Managing Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0.............................................................. 16
Parallels Server Bare Metal Configuration Files ............................................................... 17
Global Parallels Server Bare Metal Configuration File ............................................................. 19
Container Configuration File ................................................................................................... 26
Linux Distribution Configuration Files ..................................................................................... 34
Network Classes Definition File .............................................................................................. 36
vzup2date Configuration File ................................................................................................. 37
vzup2date-mirror Configuration File ....................................................................................... 38
vzvpn Configuration File ......................................................................................................... 41
vzreport Configuration File ..................................................................................................... 42
Kernel Parameters ................................................................................................................. 43
Offline Management Configuration Files ................................................................................. 44
vzlmond Configuration File ..................................................................................................... 45
vzstat Configuration File......................................................................................................... 47
vzrmond Configuration File .................................................................................................... 49
vzstatrep Configuration File ................................................................................................... 52
Backup Configuration File ...................................................................................................... 54
vzrhnproxy Configuration File ................................................................................................. 57
vzpkgproxy Configuration File ................................................................................................ 58
vztt Configuration File ............................................................................................................ 59
Parallels Server Bare Metal Scripts................................................................................. 59
Overview ............................................................................................................................... 60
Contents
Container Action Scripts ........................................................................................................ 61
Virtual Machine Action Scripts ............................................................................................... 63
Parallels Server Bare Metal Utilities ................................................................................ 63
prlsrvctl .................................................................................................................................. 64
vzup2date ............................................................................................................................. 81
vzup2date-mirror ................................................................................................................... 88
vzlicload ................................................................................................................................ 89
vzlicupdate ............................................................................................................................ 90
vzlicview ................................................................................................................................ 91
vznetcfg ................................................................................................................................. 92
vzreport ................................................................................................................................. 93
vzstatrep ............................................................................................................................... 94
pstat ...................................................................................................................................... 95
Managing Containers ............................................................................................ 102
Matrix of Parallels Server Bare Metal Command-Line Utilities ........................................ 103
pctl ............................................................................................................................. 105
pctl create ........................................................................................................................... 107
pctl delete and pctl destroy ................................................................................................. 108
pctl start, pctl stop, pctl restart, and pctl status ................................................................... 109
pctl mount and pctl umount ................................................................................................ 110
pctl set ................................................................................................................................ 111
pctl unset ............................................................................................................................ 120
pctl exec, pctl exec2, and pctl enter .................................................................................... 120
pctl recover and pctl reinstall ............................................................................................... 121
pctl quotaon, pctl quotaoff, and pctl quotainit ..................................................................... 122
pctl suspend and pctl resume ............................................................................................. 122
pctl runscript ....................................................................................................................... 123
vzlist ........................................................................................................................... 124
vzlist Output Parameters and Their Specifiers ...................................................................... 126
vzquota ....................................................................................................................... 130
vzquota init .......................................................................................................................... 131
vzquota drop ....................................................................................................................... 132
vzquota on and vzquota off ................................................................................................. 132
vzquota setlimit ................................................................................................................... 133
vzquota setlimit2 ................................................................................................................. 133
Contents
vzquota stat and vzquota show ........................................................................................... 134
Migration Utilities ......................................................................................................... 135
pmigrate .............................................................................................................................. 135
vzmigrate ............................................................................................................................. 139
vzmlocal .............................................................................................................................. 141
vzp2v................................................................................................................................... 142
Backing-Up Utilities ..................................................................................................... 143
pbackup .............................................................................................................................. 144
prestore ............................................................................................................................... 146
EZ Template Management Utilities ............................................................................... 148
vzpkg install template .......................................................................................................... 149
vzpkg update template ........................................................................................................ 149
vzpkg remove template ....................................................................................................... 150
vzpkg list ............................................................................................................................. 151
vzpkg info ............................................................................................................................ 153
vzpkg status ........................................................................................................................ 156
vzpkg install ......................................................................................................................... 157
vzpkg update ...................................................................................................................... 159
vzpkg remove ...................................................................................................................... 160
vzpkg link ............................................................................................................................ 161
vzpkg create cache ............................................................................................................. 162
vzpkg update cache ............................................................................................................ 163
vzpkg remove cache ........................................................................................................... 164
vzpkg localinstall .................................................................................................................. 165
vzpkg localupdate ............................................................................................................... 166
vzpkg upgrade .................................................................................................................... 167
vzpkg fetch .......................................................................................................................... 168
vzpkg clean ......................................................................................................................... 169
vzpkg update metadata ....................................................................................................... 170
vzmktmpl ............................................................................................................................. 171
vzpkgproxy .......................................................................................................................... 175
vzrhnproxy ........................................................................................................................... 176
Supplementary Tools................................................................................................... 178
vzfsutil ................................................................................................................................. 178
vzcache ............................................................................................................................... 180
Contents
vzps and vztop .................................................................................................................... 181
vzsetxinetd .......................................................................................................................... 182
vzdqcheck ........................................................................................................................... 183
vzdqdump and vzdqload ..................................................................................................... 184
vznetstat .............................................................................................................................. 185
vzcpucheck ......................................................................................................................... 185
vzmemcheck ....................................................................................................................... 186
vzcalc .................................................................................................................................. 186
vzcheckovr .......................................................................................................................... 186
vzpid ................................................................................................................................... 187
vzsplit .................................................................................................................................. 187
vzcfgscale ........................................................................................................................... 188
vzcfgvalidate ........................................................................................................................ 189
vzhwcalc ............................................................................................................................. 190
vzmtemplate ........................................................................................................................ 191
Managing Virtual Machines ................................................................................... 192
pctl ............................................................................................................................. 192
pctl backup ......................................................................................................................... 193
pctl backup-delete .............................................................................................................. 194
pctl backup-list .................................................................................................................... 195
pctl capture ......................................................................................................................... 196
pctl clone ............................................................................................................................. 196
pctl enter ............................................................................................................................. 197
pctl exec .............................................................................................................................. 197
pctl list ................................................................................................................................. 198
pctl pause, suspend, resume .............................................................................................. 199
pctl problem-report ............................................................................................................. 200
pctl restore .......................................................................................................................... 201
pctl set ................................................................................................................................ 201
pctl snapshot....................................................................................................................... 221
pctl snapshot-delete ............................................................................................................ 222
pctl snapshot-list ................................................................................................................. 222
pctl snapshot-switch ........................................................................................................... 223
pctl start, stop, reset ........................................................................................................... 224
General Syntax .................................................................................................................... 225
Contents
pctl create ........................................................................................................................... 226
pctl delete ........................................................................................................................... 227
pctl migrate ......................................................................................................................... 228
pctl mount ........................................................................................................................... 229
pctl register, unregister ........................................................................................................ 230
pctl server ........................................................................................................................... 231
pctl umount ......................................................................................................................... 231
pmigrate ..................................................................................................................... 232
pbackup ..................................................................................................................... 235
prestore ...................................................................................................................... 236
prl_disk_tool ................................................................................................................ 237
pnetstat ...................................................................................................................... 239
prl_convert .................................................................................................................. 240
Glossary ................................................................................................................. 241
Index ...................................................................................................................... 243
In This Chapter
About Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0 ..................................................................... 9
About This Guide ................................................................................................... 10
Formatting Legend ................................................................................................. 13
Getting Help ........................................................................................................... 14
Feedback ............................................................................................................... 15
C HAPTER 1
Introduction
9
Introduction
About Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0
Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0 allows you to simultaneously run Parallels virtual machines and
Containers on a single server. With Parallels Server Bare Metal, you can efficiently use your server's
hardware resources by sharing them among multiple virtual machines and Containers.
Parallels Server Bare Metal is installed directly on the server hardware and does not need any
operating system for its functioning. Once it is installed, Parallels Server Bare Metal allows you to
create virtual machines and Containers and manage them using the following tools:
Command-line interface (CLI). The command-line interface comprises a set of Parallels
command-line utilities that you can use to manage virtual machines and Containers both locally
and remotely.
Parallels Management Console. Parallels Management Console is a remote management tool
for Parallels Server Bare Metal with a graphical user interface. You can use this tool to manage
servers and Parallels virtual machines residing on them.
Note: In this version of Parallels Server Bare Metal, you cannot use Parallels Management Console to
create and manage Parallels Containers.
Graphically, a server with the Parallels Server Bare Metal software installed can be represented as
follows:
10
Introduction
About This Guide
This guide is a complete reference on all Parallels Server Bare Metal configuration files and
command-line utilities. It familiarizes you with the way to configure Parallels Server Bare Metal to
meet your requirements and to perform various tasks by using the corresponding command-line
utilities.
The primary audience for this guide is anyone who is looking for an explanation of a particular
configuration option, needs help for a particular command, or is seeking for a command to perform
a certain task.
11
Introduction
Organization of This Guide
Chapter 1, Introduction, gives an overview of the Parallels Server Bare Metal product and this
guide.
Chapter 2, Managing Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0, provides instructions on Parallels Server
Bare Metal configuration files, scripts, and command-line utilities.
Chapter 3, Managing Containers, describes Parallels Server Bare Metal command-line utilities
that can be used for managing your Containers.
Chapter 4, Managing Virtual Machines, focuses on Parallels Server Bare Metal utilities that can
used for managing your virtual machines.
Documentation Conventions
Before you start using this guide, it is important to understand the documentation conventions used
in it.
The table below presents the existing formatting conventions.
Formatting convention Type of Information Example
Special Bold
Items you must select, such as
menu options, command buttons,
or items in a list.
Go to the Resources tab.
Titles of chapters, sections, and
subsections.
Read the Basic Administration chapter.
12
Introduction
Italics
Used to emphasize the
importance of a point, to
introduce a term or to designate a
command-line placeholder, which
is to be replaced with a real name
or value.
These are the so-called EZ templates.
To destroy a Container, type vzctl
destroy ctid.
Monospace
The names of commands, files,
and directories.
Use vzctl start to start a Container.
Preformatted
On-screen computer output in
your command-line sessions;
source code in XML, C++, or
other programming languages.
Saved parameters for Container
101
Monospace Bold
What you type, as contrasted with
on-screen computer output.
# rpm –V virtuozzo-release
Key+Key Key combinations for which the
user must press and hold down
one key and then press another.
Ctrl+P, Alt+F4
Besides the formatting conventions, you should also know about the document organization
convention applied to Parallels documents: chapters in all guides are divided into sections, which,
in their turn, are subdivided into subsections. For example, About This Guide is a section, and
Documentation Conventions is a subsection.
13
Introduction
Formatting Legend
Format Meaning
Bold
Parameters that the user must type exactly as
shown.
Italic
Parameter values that the user must supply.
Between square brackets.
Example: [--name name]
Optional parameters.
Between curly brackets and/or
separated by pipe (|).
Examples:
ID|name
{-o name|-d name}
Set of choices from which the user must
choose only one.
Parameter followed by the same
parameter in brackets with ellipses.
Example: name[,name...]
Parameters that can be repeated more than
once in the same command line.
14
Introduction
Getting Help
In addition to this guide, there are a number of other resources available for Parallels Server Bare
Metal which can help you use the product more effectively. These resources include:
Manuals:
Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0 Installation Guide. This guide provides detailed information
on installing Parallels Server Bare Metal on your server, including the pre-requisites and the
stages you shall pass.
Getting Started With Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0. This guide provides basic information
on how to install Parallels Server Bare Metal on your server, create new Containers and
virtual machines, and perform main operations on them. As distinct from the Parallels Server
Bare Metal 5.0 Installation Guide, it does not contain detailed description of all the
operations needed to install and set Parallels Server Bare Metal to work (e.g. installing
Parallels Server Bare Metal in the text mode).
Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0 User's Guide. This guide provides comprehensive
information on Parallels Server Bare Metal covering the necessary theoretical conceptions as
well as all practical aspects of working with the product. However, it does not deal with the
process of installing and configuring your system.
Parallels Server 4 Templates Management Guide. This guide is meant to provide complete
information on Parallels templates - an exclusive Parallels technology allowing you to
efficiently deploy standard Linux applications inside your Containers and to greatly save the
physical server resources (physical memory, disk space, etc.).
Deploying Clusters in Parallels-Based Systems. This guide describes the process of creating
Parallels failover and GFS clusters using the Red Hat Cluster Suite (RHCS) software.
Help systems:
Getting Started with Parallels Management Console. This help system provides information
on how to start working in Parallels Management Console. You will learn how to install this
application on your computer, connect to a physical server running Parallels Server Bare
Metal, and perform the basic operations on your virtual machines.
Parallels Management Console User's Guide. This help system provides detailed information
on Parallels Management Console - a graphical user interface tool for managing physical
servers and their virtual machines.
15
Introduction
Feedback
If you spot a typo in this guide, or if you have an opinion about how to make this guide more
helpful, you can share your comments and suggestions with us by completing the Documentation
Feedback form on our website (http://www.parallels.com/en/support/usersdoc/).
This chapter provides instructions on configuration files, scripts, and command-line utilities that can
used to configure the settings related to the Parallels Server Bare Metal software and the Parallels
server.
In This Chapter
Parallels Server Bare Metal Configuration Files ........................................................ 17
Parallels Server Bare Metal Scripts .......................................................................... 59
Parallels Server Bare Metal Utilities .......................................................................... 63
C HAPTER 2
Managing Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0
17
Managing Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0
Parallels Server Bare Metal Configuration Files
This section explains what configuration parameters Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0 has and how
they affect the product behavior.
There are a number of files responsible for the Parallels Server Bare Metal system configuration.
Most of the files are located in the /etc directory on the Parallels server. However, some
configuration files are stored on the Backup Node, in a Container, or on a dedicated server. If a
configuration file is located in a place other than the Parallels server, we point clearly the exact
position where it can be found.
A list of configuration files is presented in the table below:
/etc/vz/vz.conf
The Parallels Server Bare Metal global configuration
file. This file keeps system-wide settings, affecting
Container and template default location, global
network settings, and so on.
/etc/vz/conf/<CT_ID>.conf
The private configuration file owned by a Container
numbered <CT_ID>. The file keeps Container
specific settings its resource management
parameters, location of private area, IP address,
and so on.
/etc/vz/conf/ve-<name>.conf.sample
Sample files, containing a number of default
Container configurations, which may be used as a
reference for Container creation. The following
samples are shipped with Parallels Server Bare
Metal: basic, cpanel, confixx, slm.plesk,
slm.256MB, slm.512MB, slm.1024MB,
slm.2048MB. You may also create your new
samples customized for your own needs.
/etc/vz/conf/dists/<distribution_name>.
conf
The configuration files used to determine what
scripts are to be run on performing some
operations in the Container context (e.g. on adding
a new IP address to the Container). These scripts
are different from Parallels Server Bare Metal action
scripts and depend on the Linux version the given
Container is running.
/etc/vz/conf/networks_classes
The definition of network classes, used by traffic
shaping and bandwidth management in Parallels
Server Bare Metal.
/etc/sysconfig/vzup2date/vzup2date.conf
This file specifies the default connection
parameters for the vzup2date utility.
/<path>/<name>.conf
This configuration file specifies the default
connection parameters for the vzup2date-
mirror utility. It should be located on the
computer where you are planning to run
vzup2date-mirror
.
18
Managing Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0
/etc/cron.d/vereboot
The configuration file for the cron daemon. Using
this file, Parallels Server Bare Metal emulates the
reboot” command working inside a Container.
/etc/vzvpn/vzvpn.conf
The configuration file used to define the parameters
for establishing a private secure channel to the
Parallels support team server.
/etc/vzreport.conf
The configuration file used to define the parameters
for sending your problem report to the Parallels
support team.
/etc/sysctl.conf
Kernel parameters. Parallels Server Bare Metal
adjusts a number of kernel sysctl parameters
and modifies the default
/etc/sysctl.conf
file.
/etc/vzredirect.d/*.conf
These files define the offline management modes
for controlling Containers by their administrators.
/etc/vzlmond.conf
This configuration file defines the parameters used
by the vzlmond daemon to collect information on
the main Parallels server resources consumption.
/etc/vzstat.conf
The file lists the warning and/or error levels for a
number of resource control parameters. If a
parameter hits the warning or error value, the
vzstat utility will display this parameter in yellow
or red.
/etc/vzstatrep.conf
This configuration file is located on the Monitor
Node and used by the vzstatrep utility when
generating statistic reports and graphics on the
Parallels server resource consumption and sending
these reports to the server administrator.
/etc/vzbackup.conf
The global configuration file residing on the Backup
Node and determining the global backup settings
for Containers.
Note that the settings in this file do not apply to
virtual machines.
/etc/vz/pkgproxy/rhn.conf
The Red Hat Network (RHN) Proxy Server
configuration file used by the vzrhnproxy utility
when setting up the RHN Proxy Server. This file
can be located on any computer where the
vzrhnproxy package is installed.
/etc/vzpkgpoxy/vzpkgproxy.conf
This configuration file is used by the vzpkgproxy
utility when creating special caching proxy servers
for OS and application EZ templates. The file can
be located on any computer where the
vzpkgproxy package is installed.
/etc/vztt/vztt.conf
This configuration file is used by the vzpkg utility
when managing OS and application EZ templates.
19
Managing Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0
Global Parallels Server Bare Metal Configuration File
Parallels Server Bare Metal keeps its system wide configuration parameters in the
/etc/vz/vz.conf configuration file. This file is in shell format. Keep in mind that Parallels Server
Bare Metal scripts source this file thus, shell commands in this file will cause system to execute
them under root account. Parameters in this file are presented in the form PARAMETER=”value”.
Logically all the parameters belong to the following groups: global parameters, logging, disk quota,
template, network traffic, Containers, validation and overcommitment, supplementary parameters,
and name-based hosting parameters. Below is the description of all the parameters defined in this
version of Parallels Server Bare Metal.
Global parameters
Parameter Description Default value
VIRTUOZZO
This can be either “yes” or “no”. Parallels Server
Bare Metal System V startup script checks this
parameter. If set to “no”, then Parallels Server
Bare Metal modules are not loaded. You might set
it to “no” if you want to perform system
maintenance and do not want to bring up all
Containers on the server.
yes
HTTP_PROXY
Specifies either the hostname or the IP address of
the HTTP proxy server. After setting this
parameter and in case you use an HTTP proxy
server for handling all HTTP requests, the Parallels
Server Bare Metal utilities communicating with the
outer world through HTTP (e.g. the vzreport
utility) will use this server for managing all your
HTTP messages (e.g. sending your problem
report).
-
ACTIONLOGDIR
This is the directory where pctl keeps a log of its
actions in the format suitable for Parallels Server
Bare Metal statistics daemon hwcoll.
/vz/actionlog
LOCKDIR
Actions on a Container should be serialized, since
two simultaneous operations on the same
Container may break its consistency. Parallels
Server Bare Metal keeps lock files in this directory
in order to serialize access to one Container.
/vz/lock
REMOVEMIGRATED
Specifies whether the private area and the
configuration file of the Container moved to a new
server with the vzmigrate command should be
destroyed on the Source Server (the value of the
parameter is set to yes) or renamed to have the
.migrated suffix (the value of the parameter is
set to no). You may wish to leave the Container
private area and the configuration file to make
migration faster. This configuration value can be
overridden by the vzmigrate command-line
options.
no
20
Managing Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0
VE0CPUUNITS
CPU weight designated for the server itself.
1000
OFFLINE_MANAGEMENT
Specifies whether Containers can be managed by
the Container administrator by means of the
services indicated in the OFFLINE_SERVICE
parameter.
yes
OFFLINE_SERVICE
These services correspond to the names of the
files in the /etc/vzredirect.d directory, each
file defining at what port the service will be
accessible and to what Container the requests
coming to this port will be redirected. These
services will be accessible to those Containers
which have the OFFLINE_MANAGEMENT
parameter set to "yes".
vzpp-plesk vzpp
BURST_CPU_AVG_USAGE
The CPU usage limit, in percent, set for the
Container. This limit is calculated as the ratio of
the current Container CPU usage to the CPU limit
(i.e to the value of the CPULIMIT parameter) set
for the Container in its configuration file. If the limit
is not specified, the full CPU power of the server is
considered as the CPU limit. Upon exceeding the
BURST_CPU_AVG_USAGE limit, the
BURST_CPULIMIT limit is applied to the given
Container.
This parameter can be redefined by the
BURST_CPU_AVG_USAGE parameter set in the
Container configuration file.
disabled
BURST_CPULIMIT
The CPU power limit, in per cent, the Container
cannot exceed. The limitations set in this
parameter are applied to any Container exceeding
the limit specified in the BURST_CPU_AVG_USAGE
parameter.
This parameter can be redefined by the
BURST_CPULIMIT parameter set in the Container
configuration file.
VEFORMAT
Determines the VZFS version to be applied to all
Containers that will be created on the given server:
If you wish your Containers to use the
benefits of the VZFS v2 technology, the
value of this parameter should be set to
vz4.
If you wish your Containers to be based
on VZFS v1, you should make sure that
the value of this parameter is set to vz3.
vz4
VZMOUNTS
Defines the partitions which will be automatically
mounted by the /etc/init.d/vz script after
the server boot. This script will check (by calling
the fsck utility) and mount all the partitions
specified as the value of this parameter, listed in
/etc/fstab
file on the server, and having the
/vz
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Parallels Server Bare Metal 5.0 User guide

Category
Software
Type
User guide

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