3com 3C16772 - OfficeConnect Web Site Filter User manual

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OfficeConnect

®

Internet Firewall

User Guide

OfficeConnect Internet Firewall 25 3C16770

OfficeConnect Internet Firewall DMZ 3C16771

OfficeConnect Web Site Filter 3C16772

Part No. DUA1677-0AAA03

Published June 2000

3Com Corporation

■

5400 Bayfront Plaza

■

Santa Clara, California

■

95052-8145

reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation,

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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT LEGEND

If you are a United States government agency, then this documentation and the software described

herein are provided to you subject to the following:

All technical data and computer software are commercial in nature and developed solely at private

expense. Software is delivered as “Commercial Computer Software” as defined in DFARS

252.227-7014 (June 1995) or as a “commercial item” as defined in FAR 2.101(a) and as such is

provided with only such rights as are provided in 3Com’s standard commercial license for the Software.

Technical data is provided with limited rights only as provided in DFAR 252.227-7015 (Nov 1995) or FAR

52.227-14 (June 1987), whichever is applicable. You agree not to remove or deface any portion of any

legend provided on any licensed program or documentation contained in, or delivered to you in

conjunction with, this User Guide.

Unless otherwise indicated, 3Com registered trademarks are registered in the United States and may or

may not be registered in other countries.

3Com, the 3Com logo, and OfficeConnect are registered trademarks of 3Com Corporation.

Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Netscape

Navigator is a registered trademark of Netscape Communications. Novell and NetWare are registered

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All other company and product names may be trademarks of the respective companies with which they

are associated.

C

ONTENTS

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How to Use This Guide 10

Conventions 11

Termi nology 12

Year 2000 Compliance 14

Feedback about this User Guide 14

1

I

NTRODUCTION

What is the Internet Firewall? 17

Internet Firewall Security Functions 18

Internet Firewall Features 19

Firewall Security 19

Internet Filtering 21

Logs and Alerts 21

User Remote Access (from the Internet) 22

Automatic IP Address Sharing and Configuration 22

2

I

NSTALLING

THE

H

ARDWARE

Important Safety Information 23

Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise 24

Consignes Importantes de Sécurité 25

Before You Start 26

Stacking the Units Together 27

Securing the Internet Firewall with the Rubber Feet 27

Stacking the Internet Firewall with the Clip 27

Positioning the Internet Firewall 28

Securing the Internet Firewall 28

Internet Firewall Front Panel 29

Internet Firewall Rear Panel 30

Attaching the Internet Firewall to the Network 31

3

Q

UICK

S

ETUP

FOR

THE

I

NTERNET

F

IREWALL

Checklist for Setting up the Internet Firewall 35

Cable Modem Users 35

Initial Configuration 35

Required Information for the Internet Firewall Wizard 36

Setting up the Internet Firewall 38

4

C

OMMAND

R

EFERENCE

Status Messages 46

Setting the Clock 47

Setting the Administrator Password 49

Network Settings 50

Network Addressing Mode 50

Specifying DMZ Addresses (Internet Firewall DMZ only) 58

Setting up the DHCP Server 60

Viewing the DHCP Server Status 63

Diagnostic Tools 63

DNS Name Lookup 64

Find Network Path 65

Ping 66

Packet Trace 67

Technical Support Report 68

Filter Settings 69

Restricting the Web Features Available 70

Blocking Options 71

The OfficeConnect Web Site Filter 71

Specifying When Filtering Applies 72

Update Filter 73

Keywords 75

Custom List 76

Setting up Trusted and Forbidden Domains 77

Setting Other Custom List Options 77

Consent 79

Logs and Alerts 82

Viewing the Log 82

Log/Alert Settings 85

Reports 90

Restarting the Internet Firewall 92

Saving and Restoring Configuration Settings 93

Specifying the Export File 94

Reloading the Settings 94

Restore Factory Defaults 95

Upgrading the Software 96

Policy 99

Services 99

Adding a Service 101

Policy Rules 103

Network Access Rule Logic List 104

Understanding the Network Access Rule Hierarchy 106

Examples of Network Access Rules 107

User Privileges 108

User Settings 108

Establishing an Authenticated Session 110

Automatic Proxy Forwarding 111

Example of Installing a Proxy Server 112

Specifying Intranet Settings 113

Installing the Internet Firewall to Protect the Intranet 114

Configuring the Internet Firewall to Protect the

Intranet 115

Intranet Window Boxes and Controls 116

Static Routes 117

Static Routes Window Boxes and Controls 117

Setting up One-to-One NAT 118

5

T

HE

O

FFICE

C

ONNECT

W

EB

S

ITE

F

ILTER

A

CTIVATION

What is the Web Site Filter? 121

Activating the Web Site Filter 124

6

T

ROUBLESHOOTING

G

UIDE

Introduction 127

Potential Problems 127

Power LED Not Lit 127

Power LED Flashes Continuously 128

Power and Alert LED Lit Continuously 128

Link LED is Off 128

Ethernet Connection is Not Functioning 128

Cannot Access the Management Interface 128

LAN Users Cannot Access the Internet 129

Internet Firewall Does Not Save Changes 130

Duplicate IP Address Errors Are Occurring 130

Machines on the WAN Are Not Reachable 130

A

C

ABLE

S

PECIFICATIONS

AND

P

INOUT

D

IAGRAM

Cable Specifications 131

Pinout Diagrams 131

B

T

ECHNICAL

S

PECIFICATIONS

AND

S

TANDARDS

C

O

PTIONAL

D

IRECT

C

ONNECTION

Introduction 135

Direct Connection Instructions 135

D

IP P

ORT

N

UMBERS

Introduction 137

Well Known Port Numbers 137

Registered Port Numbers 137

E

XAMPLE

C

ONFIGURATIONS

Introduction 139

Protecting an Existing Network with the Internet

Firewall 25 140

Increasing the number of IP addresses available using NAT 146

Setting up the Internet Firewall 25 with an OfficeConnect 56K

LAN Modem 152

F

I

NTRODUCTION

TO

IP A

DDRESSING

Network Protocols 159

IP and TCP 159

IP Addressing 159

IP Address 160

Subnet Mask 161

Default Gateway 162

G

R

ESETTING

THE

I

NTERNET

F

IREWALL

Introduction 163

Resetting the Internet Firewall 163

Reloading the Firmware 164

H

T

ECHNICAL

S

UPPORT

Online Technical Services 167

World Wide Web Site 167

3Com Knowledgebase Web Services 168

3Com FTP Site 168

3Com Facts Automated Fax Service 168

Support from Your Network Supplier 168

Support from 3Com 169

Returning Products for Repair 170

I

NDEX

3C

OM

C

ORPORATION

L

IMITED

W

ARRANTY

E

LECTROMAGNETIC

C

OMPATIBILITY

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This guide describes the following products:

■

The two variants of the OfficeConnect

®

Internet

Firewall:

■

OfficeConnect Internet Firewall 25 3C16770

■

OfficeConnect Internet Firewall DMZ 3C16771

■

OfficeConnect Web Site Filter 3C16772 — software for

use with either variant of the Internet Firewall, available

as an optional extra.

Introduction

The OfficeConnect Internet Firewall acts as a secure barrier

to protect a private LAN from hacker attacks from the

Internet. It can also be used to control the access that LAN

users have to the Internet.

The OfficeConnect Internet Firewall 25 supports up to 25

users on the LAN.

The OfficeConnect Internet Firewall DMZ supports up to

100 users on the LAN. In addition, the OfficeConnect

Internet Firewall DMZ has a

Demilitarized Zone

(DMZ) port.

Servers and workstations attached to this port are publicly

accessible from the Internet, but remain secure from

Denial-of-Service

(

DoS

) hacker attacks from the Internet. If

an Internet Firewall feature described in this guide applies

only to the DMZ version, a note tells you this.

The OfficeConnect Web Site Filter is an optional extra that

can be used with either variant of the Internet Firewall. You

can use it to prevent LAN users accessing Web sites that fit

into categories that are considered inappropriate for

business use. The Web Site Filter updates the Internet

Firewall automatically with the latest URLs matching

selected categories. It is available as a 12-month

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subscription. The Internet Firewall has a one-month free

subscription for the Web Site Filter.

This guide is intended for use by the person responsible for

installing or managing the network. It assumes knowledge

of the following:

■

Basic familiarity with Ethernet networks and the

Internet Protocol.

■

Knowledge of how to install and handle electronically

sensitive equipment.

If release notes are shipped with your product and the

information there differs from the information in this

guide, follow the instructions in the release notes.

Most user guides and release notes are available in Adobe

Acrobat Reader Portable Document Format (PDF) or HTML

on the 3Com World Wide Web site:

http://www.3com.com/

How to Use This Guide

Table 1 shows where to look for specific information in this

guide.

Tabl e 1

Where to find specific information

If you are looking for... Turn to...

A description of the Internet Firewall’s features and example

applications.

Chapter 1

A description of the Internet Firewall’s front and back panel displays

and connectors, and installation information.

Chapter 2

A quick setup guide for the Internet Firewall. Chapter 3

How to configure the Internet Firewall. Chapter 4

Information about installing and setting up the Web Site Filter. Chapter 5

Solutions to commonly encountered problems. Chapter 6

Information about cables and pinout diagrams for all connectors on

the Internet Firewall.

Appendix A

A list of the Internet Firewall technical specifications. Appendix B

Information about how to connect the Internet Firewall directly to a

PC with a Web browser for initial configuration.

Appendix C

(continued)

Conventions

11

Conventions

Tabl e 2 and Tabl e 3 list conventions that are used

throughout this guide.

Information about IP port numbering. Appendix D

Step by step examples of how you can configure your Internet

Firewall.

Appendix E

A non-technical overview of IP addressing. Appendix F

Information on resetting the Internet Firewall. Appendix G

Information about obtaining Technical Support. Appendix H

Table 1

Where to find specific information (continued)

If you are looking for... Turn to...

Table 2

Notice Icons

Icon Notice Type Description

Information note Information that describes important features or

instructions.

Caution Information that alerts you to potential loss of data

or potential damage to an application, system, or

device.

Warning Information that alerts you to potential personal

injury.

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Terminology

This section lists terminology used in this guide.

DHCP

— Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. This is a

protocol that lets network administrators manage centrally

and automate the assignment of Internet Protocol

addresses in an organization's network from a server on

the network.

DMZ

— Demilitarized Zone port. The OfficeConnect

Internet Firewall DMZ has an extra port. If you connect

publicly-accessible servers and workstations to this port,

they are accessible from the Internet but still protected

from DoS attacks

Tabl e 3

Text C o nv e ntio ns

Convention Description

Screen displays

This typeface represents information as it appears on the

screen.

Commands

The word “command” means that you must enter the

command exactly as shown and then press Return or

Enter. Commands appear in bold. Example:

To remove the IP address, enter the following

command:

SETDefault !0 -IP NETaddr = 0.0.0.0

The words “enter”

and “type”

When you see the word “enter” in this guide, you must

type something, and then press Return or Enter. Do not

press Return or Enter when an instruction simply says

“type.”

Keyboard key names If you must press two or more keys simultaneously, the

key names are linked with a plus sign (+). Example:

Press Ctrl+Alt+Del

Words in italics Italics are used to:

■

Emphasize a point.

■

Denote a new term at the place where it is defined in

the text.

■

Identify menu names, menu commands, and software

button names. Examples:

From the Help menu, select Contents.

Click OK.

Termin ology

13

DoS Attacks

— Denial of Service Attacks. An attempt to

stop one of your services running, such as a Web or FTP

server. There are several kinds of DoS attacks.

IP address

— The Internet Protocol address is the network

layer address of a device assigned by the user or network

administrator of an IP network. An IP address consists of 32

bits divided into two or three fields: a network number and

a host number or a network number, a subnet number, and

a host number.

IP Spoof

— A type of DoS attack. An IP spoof uses a fake

IP address to bypass security settings which may bar access

from the real IP address.

IRC

— Internet Relay Chat. Provides a way of

communicating in real time with people from all over the

world.

ISP

— Internet Service Provider. A business that provides

Internet access to individuals or organizations.

Internet Firewall

— Used in this guide to refer to both the

OfficeConnect Internet Firewall 25 and the OfficeConnect

Internet Firewall DMZ.

LAND Attack

— A type of DoS attack. In a LAND attack, a

packet is sent that appears to come from the same address

and port that it is sent to. This can hang the machine to

which it is sent.

Management Station

— This is the workstation from

which you run the Web-based management interface for

the Internet Firewall.

Management Interface

— This is the Web-based

application which you use to set up the Internet Firewall to

protect your network from attack and to control access to

the Internet for LAN users.

NAT

— Network Address Translation. NAT refers to the

process of converting the IP addresses used within a private

network to Internet IP addresses.

NNTP

— Network News Transfer Protocol. This protocol is

used to distribute Usenet news articles over the Internet.

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Ping of Death

— A type of DoS attack. The Internet

Protocol (IP) defines the maximum size for a Ping packet.

However, some Ping programs can send packets that are

larger than this size which can cause some systems to

crash.

PPPoE

— Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet. PPP is the

Internet Standard for transmission of IP packets over serial

lines. PPPoE is a version of this protocol that operates over

Ethernet.

SYN FLood

— A type of DoS attack. This is where a client

opens a connection with a server but does not complete it.

If the server queue fills up with partially-open connections,

no other clients can make genuine connections to that

server.

UTC

—stands for “Universal Time Co-ordinated”, and is

the standard time common to all places in the world. It is

also commonly referred to as GMT or World Time.

Web Site Filter

— Abbreviation for the OfficeConnect

Web Site Filter.

Year 2000 Compliance

For information on Year 2000 compliance and 3Com

products, visit the 3Com Year 2000 Web page:

http://www.3com.com/products/yr2000.html

Feedback about this User Guide

Your suggestions are very important to us. They will help

make our documentation more useful to you. Please e-mail

comments about this document to 3Com at:

pddtechpubs_comments@3com.com

Please include the following information when

commenting:

■

Document title

■

Document part number (on the title page)

■

Page number (if appropriate)

Feedback about this User Guide

15

Example:

■

OfficeConnect Internet Firewall User Guide

■

Part Number DUA1677-1AAA02

■

Page 24

Do not use this e-mail address for technical support

questions. For information about contacting Technical

Support, see Appendix H

.

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1

I

NTRODUCTION

This chapter contains the following:

■

What is the Internet Firewall?

■

Internet Firewall Security Functions

■

Internet Firewall Features

What is the Internet Firewall?

The Internet Firewall is a firewall appliance which is

installed between the LAN and the Internet access device,

such as an OfficeConnect

®

LAN Modem. The Internet

Firewall is a complete network security system with all

hardware and software pre-installed. This allows it to act as

a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet

and the LAN.

The purpose of the Internet Firewall is to allow a private

Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to the

Internet. You can use the Internet Firewall to:

■

Prevent theft, destruction, and modification of data.

■

Filter incoming data for unsafe or objectionable

content.

■

Log events which may be important to the security of

your network.

The Internet Firewall has either two or three Ethernet ports

(depending on the model) which are used to divide the

network into separate areas.

■

The

Wide Area Network

(WAN) port attaches to the

Internet access device, for example, OfficeConnect LAN

Modem, Cable Modem or SDSL Router.

■

The

Local Area Network

(LAN) port attaches to the local

network through hubs and switches. LAN users have

access to Internet services such as e-mail, FTP, and the

World Wide Web. However, all workstations and data

18

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HAPTER

1: I

NTRODUCTION

on the LAN are protected from hacker attacks that

might come through the WAN port.

■

On the OfficeConnect Internet Firewall DMZ, there is a

third port. The

Demilitarized Zone

(DMZ) port is used for

public servers, such as Web or FTP servers. Machines

attached to this port are visible from the WAN port, but

are still protected from hacker attacks. Users on the

secure LAN port can also access servers on the DMZ

port.

Internet Firewall Security Functions

Figure 1 and Figure 2 illustrate security functions on the

Internet Firewall.

Users on the LAN have access to all resources on the

Internet that are not blocked by any of the filters. In

Figure 2

, computers on the LAN also have full access to

devices on the DMZ.

Users on the Internet can access hosts on the DMZ, such as

a Web server, but cannot access any resources on the LAN

unless they are authorized remote users.

Internet Firewall Features

19

Figure 1

Internet Firewall 25 Security Functions

Internet Firewall Features

This section lists the features of the Internet Firewall.

Firewall Security

The OfficeConnect Internet Firewall is preconfigured to

monitor Internet traffic, and detect and thwart

Denial of

Service

(

DoS

) hacker attacks automatically.

DoS attacks include:

■

Ping of Death

■

SYN Flood

■

LAND Attack

■

IP Spoofing

20

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NTRODUCTION

■

Teardrop — a DoS hacker tool which is widely available

on the Internet.

Figure 2

Internet Firewall DMZ Security Functions

The Internet Firewall uses stateful packet inspection to

determine if a data packet from the Internet is allowed

through to the private LAN. This is similar to algorithms

implemented in more costly firewalls commonly used in

large enterprises.

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