Suse OpenSUSE 11.4 Owner's manual

Category
Software
Type
Owner's manual
openSUSE
www.suse.com11.4
December19,2011 Reference
Reference
Copyright © 2006– 2011 Novell, Inc. and contributors. All rights reserved.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU
Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or (at your option) version 1.3; with the Invariant Section
being this copyright notice and license. A copy of the license version 1.2 is included in the section
entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.
For Novell trademarks, see the Novell Trademark and Service Mark list http://www.novell
.com/company/legal/trademarks/tmlist.html. Linux* is a registered trademark of
Linus Torvalds. All other third party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. A trademark
symbol (®, ™ etc.) denotes a Novell trademark; an asterisk (*) denotes a third party trademark.
All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this
does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither Novell, Inc., SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, the authors,
nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.
Contents
About This Guide xiii
Part I Installation and Deployment 1
1Installation with YaST 3
1.1 Choosing the Installation Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Choosing the Installation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 The Installation Workow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 TheBootScreen.......................... 9
1.6 Welcome ............................ 12
1.7 InstallationMode......................... 13
1.8 Clock and Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.9 DesktopSelection......................... 17
1.10 Suggested Partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.11 CreateNewUser......................... 21
1.12 Installation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.13 Performing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.14 Conguration of the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.15 GraphicalLogin.......................... 35
2Remote Installation 37
2.1 Installation Scenarios for Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.2 Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources . . . . . . . . . 46
2.3 Preparing the Boot of the Target System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.4 Booting the Target System for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
2.5 Monitoring the Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3Advanced Disk Setup 73
3.1 Using the YaST Partitioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.2 LVMConguration........................ 81
3.3 Soft RAID Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Part II Managing and Updating Software 91
4Installing or Removing Software 93
4.1 DenitionofTerms........................ 94
4.2 Using the KDE Interface (Qt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.3 Using the GNOME Interface (GTK+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.4 Managing Software Repositories and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
4.5 Keeping the System Up-to-date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
5YaST Online Update 117
5.1 The Online Update Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
5.2 Installing Patches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
5.3 Automatic Online Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
6Installing Packages From the Internet 125
6.1 1-ClickInstall.......................... 125
6.2 YaST Package Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
7Installing Add-On Products 129
7.1 Add-Ons............................ 129
7.2 BinaryDrivers.......................... 130
8Managing Software with Command Line Tools 131
8.1 UsingZypper.......................... 131
8.2 RPM—the Package Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Part III Administration 153
9Managing Users with YaST 155
9.1 User and Group Administration Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
9.2 Managing User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
9.3 Additional Options for User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
9.4 Changing Default Settings for Local Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
9.5 Assigning Users to Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
9.6 ManagingGroups........................ 167
9.7 Changing the User Authentication Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
10 Changing Language and Country Settings with YaST 171
10.1 Changing the System Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
10.2 Changing the Country and Time Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
11 YaST in Text Mode 179
11.1 Navigation in Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
11.2 Restriction of Key Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
11.3 YaST Command Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
12 Setting Up Hardware Components with YaST 185
12.1 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
12.2 Setting Up Sound Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
12.3 Setting Up a Scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
13 Printer Operation 193
13.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
13.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
13.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
13.4 Setting Up a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
13.5 NetworkPrinters......................... 202
13.6 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
13.7 Special Features in openSUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
13.8 Troubleshooting......................... 207
14 Installing and Conguring Fonts for the Graphical User Interface 217
14.1 AddingFonts.......................... 218
15 Upgrading the System and System Changes 219
15.1 Upgrading the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
15.2 Software Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Part IV System 227
16 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 229
16.1 RuntimeSupport ........................ 229
16.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
16.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
16.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
17 Booting and Conguring a Linux System 233
17.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
17.2 TheinitProcess......................... 237
17.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
18 The Boot Loader GRUB 249
18.1 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
18.2 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
18.3 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
18.4 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
18.5 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
18.6 Troubleshooting......................... 268
18.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
19 Special System Features 271
19.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
19.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 278
19.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
19.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
20 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 285
20.1 The /dev Directory....................... 285
20.2 Kernel uevents and udev .................... 286
20.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
20.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
20.5 Monitoring the Running udev Daemon............... 288
20.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 289
20.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
20.8 Files used by udev ........................ 297
20.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
21 Shell Basics 299
21.1 StartingaShell......................... 300
21.2 Entering Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
21.3 Working with Files and Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
21.4 BecomingRoot......................... 309
21.5 File Access Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
21.6 Useful Features of the Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
21.7 EditingTexts .......................... 320
21.8 Searching for Files or Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
21.9 Viewing Text Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
21.10 Redirection and Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
21.11 Starting Programs and Handling Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
21.12 Important Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
22 Bash and Bash Scripts 339
22.1 What is “The Shell”? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
22.2 Writing Shell Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
22.3 Redirecting Command Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
22.4 UsingAliases.......................... 347
22.5 Using Variables in Bash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
22.6 Grouping And Combining Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
22.7 Working with Common Flow Constructs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
22.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Part V Services 355
23 Basic Networking 357
23.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
23.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
23.3 NameResolution ........................ 373
23.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
23.5 NetworkManager ........................ 395
23.6 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
23.7 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
24 SLP Services in the Network 417
24.1 Installation........................... 417
24.2 ActivatingSLP.......................... 418
24.3 SLP Front-Ends in openSUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
24.4 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
24.5 Providing Services via SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
24.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
25 The Domain Name System 421
25.1 DNSTerminology........................ 421
25.2 Installation........................... 422
25.3 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
25.4 Starting the BIND Name Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
25.5 The /etc/named.conf Conguration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
25.6 ZoneFiles ........................... 439
25.7 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
25.8 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
25.9 DNSSecurity.......................... 445
25.10 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
26 DHCP 447
26.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
26.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
26.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
26.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
27 Time Synchronization with NTP 457
27.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
27.2 Manually Conguring ntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
27.3 Dynamic Time Synchronization at Runtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
27.4 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
28 Sharing File Systems with NFS 465
28.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
28.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
28.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
28.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
28.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
28.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
28.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
29 Samba 479
29.1 Terminology........................... 479
29.2 Installing a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
29.3 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
29.4 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
29.5 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
29.6 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
29.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
30 The Apache HTTP Server 491
30.1 QuickStart........................... 491
30.2 Conguring Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
30.3 Starting and Stopping Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
30.4 Installing, Activating, and Conguring Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
30.5 Getting CGI Scripts to Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
30.6 Setting Up a Secure Web Server with SSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
30.7 Avoiding Security Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
30.8 Troubleshooting......................... 530
30.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
31 Setting up an FTP server with YaST 533
31.1 Starting the FTP server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
31.2 FTP General Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
31.3 FTP Performance Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
31.4 Authentication ......................... 536
31.5 ExpertSettings ......................... 537
31.6 For more information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Part VI Mobility 539
32 Mobile Computing with Linux 541
32.1 Laptops ............................ 541
32.2 MobileHardware ........................ 548
32.3 Cellular Phones and PDAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
32.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
33 Power Management 551
33.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
33.2 Advanced Conguration and Power Interface (ACPI) . . . . . . . . . . 552
33.3 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
33.4 Troubleshooting......................... 559
33.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
34 Wireless LAN 563
34.1 WLANStandards......................... 563
34.2 OperatingModes........................ 564
34.3 Authentication ......................... 565
34.4 Encryption........................... 566
34.5 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
34.6 Tips and Tricks for Setting Up a WLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
34.7 Troubleshooting......................... 577
34.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
35 Using NetworkManager 581
35.1 Use Cases for NetworkManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
35.2 Enabling NetworkManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
35.3 Conguring Network Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
35.4 Using KNetworkManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
35.5 Using GNOME NetworkManager Applet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
35.6 NetworkManager and VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
35.7 NetworkManager and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
35.8 Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
35.9 Troubleshooting......................... 596
35.10 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
36 Using Tablet PCs 599
36.1 Installing Tablet PC Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
36.2 Conguring Your Tablet Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
36.3 Using the Virtual Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
36.4 Rotating Your Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
36.5 Using Gesture Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602
36.6 Taking Notes and Sketching with the Pen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
36.7 Troubleshooting......................... 606
36.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
37 Copying and Sharing Files 609
37.1 Scenarios............................ 610
37.2 AccessMethods......................... 611
37.3 Accessing Files Using a Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
37.4 Accessing Files on Different OS on the Same Computer . . . . . . . . 614
37.5 Copying Files between Linux Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
37.6 Copying Files between Linux and Windows Computers with SSH . . . . . 622
37.7 Sharing Files between Linux Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624
37.8 Sharing Files between Linux and Windows with Samba . . . . . . . . . 627
37.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630
AAn Example Network 631
BGNU Licenses 633
B.1 GNU General Public License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
B.2 GNU Free Documentation License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
About This Guide
This manual gives you a general understanding of openSUSE®. It is intended mainly
for system administrators and home users with basic system administration knowledge.
Check out the various parts of this manual for a selection of applications needed in ev-
eryday life and in-depth descriptions of advanced installation and conguration scenarios.
Advanced Deployment Scenarios
Learn how to deploy openSUSE from a remote location and become acquainted
with complex disk setup scenarios.
Managing and Updating Software
Understand how to install or remove software with either YaST or using the com-
mand line, how to use the 1-Click Install feature, and how to keep your system up-
to-date.
Administration
Learn how to congure and upgrade openSUSE, how to administrate your system
in text mode, and get to know some important utilities for Linux administrators.
System
Get an introduction to the components of your Linux system and a deeper under-
standing of their interaction.
Services
Learn how to congure the various network and le services that come with
openSUSE.
Mobility
Get an introduction to mobile computing with openSUSE, get to know the various
options for wireless computing and power management.
Many chapters in this manual contain links to additional documentation resources.
These include additional documentation that is available on the system, as well as
documentation available on the Internet.
For an overview of the documentation available for your product and the latest docu-
mentation updates, refer to http://www.novell.com/documentation/
opensuse114 or to the following section.
1 Available Documentation
We provide HTML and PDF versions of our books in different languages. The following
manuals for users and administrators are available on this product:
Start-Up (↑Start-Up)
Guides you step-by-step through the installation of openSUSE from DVD, or from
an ISO image, gives short introductions to the GNOME and KDE desktops including
some key applications running on it. Also gives an overview of LibreOfce and
its modules for writing texts, working with spreadsheets, or creating graphics and
presentations.
Reference (page 1)
Gives you a general understanding of openSUSE and covers advanced system ad-
ministration tasks. It is intended mainly for system administrators and home users
with basic system administration knowledge. It provides detailed information about
advanced deployment scenarios, administration of your system, the interaction of
key system components and the set-up of various network and le services open-
SUSE offers.
Security Guide (↑Security Guide)
Introduces basic concepts of system security, covering both local and network se-
curity aspects. Shows how to make use of the product inherent security software
like Novell AppArmor (which lets you specify per program which les the program
may read, write, and execute) or the auditing system that reliably collects informa-
tion about any security-relevant events.
System Analysis and Tuning Guide (↑System Analysis and Tuning Guide)
An administrator's guide for problem detection, resolution and optimization. Find
how to inspect and optimize your system by means of monitoring tools and how
to efciently manage resources. Also contains an overview of common problems
and solutions and of additional help and documentation resources.
Virtualization with KVM (↑Virtualization with KVM)
This manual offers an introduction to setting up and managing virtualization with
KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) on openSUSE. Also shows how to manage
VM Guests with libvirt and QEMU.
xiv Reference
Find HTML versions of most product manuals in your installed system under /usr/
share/doc/manual or in the help centers of your desktop. Find the latest documen-
tation updates at http://www.novell.com/documentation where you can
download PDF or HTML versions of the manuals for your product.
2 Feedback
Several feedback channels are available:
Bugs and Enhancement Requests
To report bugs for a product component, or to submit enhancement requests, please
use https://bugzilla.novell.com/. For documentation bugs, submit a
bug against the component Documentation for the respective product.
If you are new to Bugzilla, you might nd the following articles helpful:
http://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Submitting_bug_reports
http://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Bug_reporting_FAQ
User Comments
We want to hear your comments and suggestions about this manual and the other
documentation included with this product. Use the User Comments feature at the
bottom of each page in the online documentation or go to http://www.novell
.com/documentation/feedback.html and enter your comments there.
3 Documentation Conventions
The following typographical conventions are used in this manual:
/etc/passwd: directory names and lenames
placeholder: replace placeholder with the actual value
PATH: the environment variable PATH
ls,--help: commands, options, and parameters
About This Guide xv
user: users or groups
Alt,Alt +F1: a key to press or a key combination; keys are shown in uppercase as
on a keyboard
File,File >Save As: menu items, buttons
Dancing Penguins (Chapter Penguins, ↑Another Manual): This is a reference to a
chapter in another manual.
4 About the Making of This Manual
This book is written in Novdoc, a subset of DocBook (see http://www.docbook
.org). The XML source les were validated by xmllint, processed by xsltproc,
and converted into XSL-FO using a customized version of Norman Walsh's stylesheets.
The nal PDF is formatted through XEP from RenderX. The open source tools and the
environment used to build this manual are available in the package susedoc that is
shipped with openSUSE.
5 Source Code
The source code of openSUSE is publicly available. To download the source code,
proceed as outlined under http://en.opensuse.org/Portal:
Distribution/Features. If requested we send you the source code on a DVD.
We need to charge a $15 or €15 fee for creation, handling and postage. To request a
DVD of the source code, send an e-mail to [email protected] [mailto:
[email protected]] or mail the request to:
SUSE Linux Products GmbH
Product Management
openSUSE
Maxfeldstr. 5
D-90409 Nürnberg
Germany
xvi Reference
6 Acknowledgments
With a lot of voluntary commitment, the developers of Linux cooperate on a global
scale to promote the development of Linux. We thank them for their efforts—this dis-
tribution would not exist without them. Furthermore, we thank Frank Zappa and Pawar.
Special thanks, of course, goes to Linus Torvalds.
Have a lot of fun!
Your SUSE Team
About This Guide xvii
Part I. Installation and
Deployment
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