Anritsu 54100A Series Application Note

Brand: Anritsu

Model: 54100A Series

Category: Measuring, testing & control

Type: Application Note

54100A Series

Network Analyzers

Application Note

Using Frequency Multipliers to 110 GHz

INTRODUCTION

Anritsu’s 54100A Network Analyzers operate with

precision waveguide reflectometers available to 110 GHz.

This application note describes how to operate the user-

defined scaling, external leveling, and detector offset

features of the 54100A to make multiplied and frequency

offset measurements accurately.

Basic Setup

Figure 1 shows RF connections with the 54147A.

Option 16 provides +15 Vdc bias.

The multipliers are designed to operate with any 12.5 GHz

to 18.75 GHz source providing at least +5 dBm output power

and −60 dBc harmonics.

The low input harmonics are required to meet the multi-

plier’s output spurious harmonic specification of −55 dBc

(−60 dBc typical). Higher source harmonics, such as the

−20 dBc performance common to existing millimeter fre-

quency extensions, cause significant errors. For example

a −20 dBc spurious level has a maximum error of more

than ±2.0 dB measuring devices with more than 10 dB

return loss.

Figure 2 identifies return loss error magnitude due to source

harmonics. In transmission measurements, sub-harmonics

and crossing spurs from excessive input source harmonics

can make filter tuning impossible.

The 54100A Network Analyzers ulitize broadband detectors.

Accurate device characterization requires that harmonics and

spurious signals be significantly lower than power level of

the test’s fundamental frequency.

54100A SERIES

NETWORK ANALYZER

560-10BX-2

DETECTOR CABLE

TRANSMISSION

DETECTOR

RF IN

>+5 dBm

ANRITSU

REFLECTOMETER

MILLIMETER WAVE

5400-MMXXXX

TEST

PORT

A BR

(Option 16)

+15Vdc

DUT

-4.00

-3.00

-2.00

-1.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

10 dB

20 dB

30 dB

40 dB

0 dB

Possible Error (dB)

Source Harmonic

Level

-25 dB

-30 dB

-35 dB

-40 dB

-45 dB

-50 dB

-60 dB

-50 dB

-45 dB

-40 dB

-35 dB

-30 dB

-25 dB

Figure 1

Basic setup for multiplying the output

frequency of the 54100A

Figure 2

Return Loss accuracy due to source harmonics

Note

The 54100A detector offset function

provides excellent absolute power

measurement capability with the

waveguide detectors.The offset level

is determined using an Anritsu

ML2438A Power Meter.

2: RETN LOSS (B) 10.0 dB/DIV OFFSET 0.0 dB

1: OFF

Model: 54147A

CURSOR

2: -33.87 dB

96.8064 GHz

Average: 16

START: 85.0000 GHz USER STOP: 110.000 GHz

5 GHz/DIV

401pts

LEVEL: +7.0 dBm

2: OFF

1: TRANSMSSN (A) 10.0 dB/DIV OFFSET 0.0 dB

Model: 54147A

CURSOR

2: -60.87 dB

85.5832 GHz

Average: 16

START: 85.0000 GHz USER STOP: 110.000 GHz

5 GHz/DIV

401pts

LEVEL: +7.0 dBm

READOUT

1: -59.91 dBr

9.1946 GHz

2: OFF

1: TRANSMSSN (A) 10.0 dB/DIV OFFSET 0.0 dB

Model: 54147A

CURSOR

1: -60.52 dB

109.658 GHz

Average: 16

START: 90.0000 GHz USER STOP: 110.000 GHz

5 GHz/DIV

401pts LEVEL: +7.0 dBm

READOUT

1: -59.21 dBr

18.4433 GHz

2: RETN LOSS (B) 5.0 dB/DIV OFFSET 0.0 dB

1: TRANSMSSN (A) 10.0 dB/DIV 0FFSET 0.0 dB

Model: 54147A

CURSOR

1: -61.39 dB

2: -0.05 dB

85.4978 GHz

Average: 16

START: 85.0000 GHz USER STOP: 110.000 GHz

5 GHz/DIV

401pts

LEVEL: +7.0 dBm

Average: 16

READOUT

1: -60.68 dBr

2: +26.40 dBr

10.7554 GHz

Figure 3

This return loss plot of a tunable load illustrates high

directivity and sensitivity of the measurement. No interference

from source match or source harmonic problems are evident.

Figure 4

Ultra low harmonics, sub harmonics, and spurious allow

excellent broad band measurement dynamic range and accuracy −

duplicating performance previously available only with receiver

based instruments such as Vector Network Analyzers.

Figure 5

The plot displays 60 dB dynamic range and good isolation at both

the detector and the reflectometer source − allowing the true filter

characteristic to be clearly visible.

Figure 6

Note that the transmission amplitude is slightly lower at the leading

part of this filter’s passband. The Reflectometer clearly shows poor

return loss in this region. If the Reflectometer had high harmonics

or poor source match, this undesirable characteristic would be

difficult to identify.

The input of the multiplier is equipped with isolation

and a gain stage driving the 4x (V-band 50-75 GHz) or

6x (W-band 75-110 GHz) multiplier diodes. The multiplier

design incorporates intermediate and post filter stages for

the low −60 dBc harmonic performance. The post filters

can be removed for higher output power or replaced with

through waveguide.

The post filter is followed by a waveguide isolator to

improve source match − a critical characteristic for testing

devices with return loss values between 0 and 10 dB. The

reflection and reference couplers provide 40 dB typical

directivity.

The novel package reduces a bench full of waveguide and

detector components into about nine inches. As a single

package, the multiplier is convenient and much more rugged

than previous test stands using discrete waveguide and

detector test components.

Frequency Scaling

The User Scaling menu is accessed through the

Applications menu under the SYSTEM MENU front panel

key. The new selection automatically adjusts the horizontal

frequency axis, cursors, and marker displays.

External Leveling

Figure 7 shows how leveled output power at the multiplied

frequency may be achieved using the optional external

leveling. Two low VSWR, 3 dB attenuators are used to

improve test accuracy when measuring low insertion

loss devices.

1. Select the 54100A output power to 7.0 dBm

2. Press the EXTERNAL LEVELING front panel key, then

3. Press SELECT to activate the automatic level calibration

function. (See the 54100A operation manual for more

information on the automatic level calibration function.)

The CRT display should indicate LEVELING PASSED, and

the UNLEVELED light on the front panel should not blink

as the frequency is swept. If the automatic scaling is unable

to level the multiplier output, try another 54100A output

power setting and repeat steps 2 and 3.

54100A SERIES

NETWORK ANALYZER

560-10BX-2

DETECTOR CABLE

+15Vdc

TRANSMISSION

DETECTOR

3 dB

ATTN

RF IN

>+5 dBm

ANRITSU

REFLECTOMETER

MILLIMETER WAVE

5400-MMXXXX

TEST

PORT

3 dB

ATTN

(OPT.)

ABR

EXT LEVELING

(Rear Panel)

DUT

Figure 7

Setup for leveling the output from the 54100A

NOTE

The optional external leveling feature

improves power flatness at the

multiplier output or at the output

of active devices.

NOTE

Cursors may be set to automatically

search for key device characteristics,

such as 3 dB Bandwidth.

March 1998; Rev: B 11410-00169

Data subject to change without notice AN54100A-3 /GIP-E

Sales Centers:

US (800) ANRITSU

Canada (800) ANRITSU

South America 55 (21) 286-9141

Sales Centers:

Europe 44 (01582) 433200

Japan 81 (03) 3446-1111

Asia-Pacific 65-2822400

Microwave Measurements Division • 490 Jarvis Drive • Morgan Hill, CA 95037-2809

http://www.global.anritsu.com • FAX (408) 778-0239

Anritsu 54100A Series Application Note

Brand: Anritsu

Model: 54100A Series

Category: Measuring, testing & control

Type: Application Note

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Anritsu 54100A Series Application Note

Anritsu 54100A Series Application Note

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