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VMware* Infrastructure* 3
Installation Guide for
VMware* ESXi* 3.5 Installable
Intel
®
Server Board S5000PAL
Recipe ID: 15EMCV550000000000-01
VMware* Infrastructure* 3 Installation Guide for VMware* ESXi* 3.5 Installable –
Intel
®
Server Board S5000PAL
2
www.intel.com/go/esaa
The information contained in this document is provided for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Intel Corporation (“Intel”) and its
contributors ("Contributors") on, as of the date of publication. Intel and the Contributors make no commitment to update the information contained in this
document, and Intel reserves the right to make changes at any time, without notice.
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Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
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Contents
Hardware Components ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4
Welcome.......................................................................................................................................5
About VMware* Infrastructure*..........................................................................................6
VMware* Infrastructure* Components....................................................................................................................................................................................6
Managing Hosts.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7
VMware* VirtualCenter* and ESXi* Licensing Overview............................................9
Licensing Terminology......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9
VMware* ESX* Editions.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................10
VMware* VirtualCenter* Server Editions..........................................................................................................................................................................11
VMware* VirtualCenter* and ESXi* Licensing Model......................................................................................................................................11
Single-Host and Centralized License Types..................................................................................................................................................................11
Centralized VMware* Licensing......................................................................................................................................................................................................12
Single-Host VMware* Licensing....................................................................................................................................................................................................13
License Key Functionality.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................13
About VMware* ESXi* 3.5..................................................................................................14
About Installing VMware ESXi 3.5..............................................................................................................................................................................................14
Preparing to Install............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14
Installing VMware* ESXi* 3.5.............................................................................................15
Setting Up VMware* ESXi* 3.5.........................................................................................22
Configuring the Administrative Password......................................................................................................................................................................23
Configuring the Management Network..............................................................................................................................................................................24
Managing the Initial VMware* ESXi* 3.5 Host.............................................................26
VMware* ESXi* 3.5 Installation Requirements........................................................................................................................................................26
Installing the VMware* Infrastructure* (VI) Client...............................................................................................................................................27
Starting the VI Client and Logging On to VMware* ESXi* 3.5...........................................................................................................28
Adding Virtual Machines to the Host.....................................................................................................................................................................................29
Importing a Virtual Appliance.............................................................................................................................................................................................................30
Managing Multiple ESXi* Hosts in a Datacenter..........................................................31
VMware* VirtualCenter Server* Installation Requirements...................................................................................................................31
Installing the VirtualCenter Server*..........................................................................................................................................................................................32
Starting the VI Client and the VirtualCenter Server*................................................35
Creating a Datacenter..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36
Adding a Host...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36
Creating a Virtual Machine.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................38
Where to Go Next..................................................................................................................40
VMware* Infrastructure* Tutorial...............................................................................................................................................................................................40
VMware Infrastructure Documentation.............................................................................................................................................................................40
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Hardware Components
Quantity
Item Manufacturer Model
1 Intel® Server
Board
Intel S5000PAL
1 Intel® Server
Chassis
SR1500 (1U) or
SR2500 (2U)
Intel® HDD
Backplane -
SR1500 1U SAS
active
ASR1500SASBP 1 (Select
one)
Intel® HDD
Midplane - SR2500
2U SAS active
w/optional ROMB
FALSASMP
4 GB
minimum
Memory Any supported Please refer to the Tested Memory List at
http://www.intel.com/support/motherboards/server/s5000
pal/sb/CS-022919.htm
2 Intel® Xeon®
processors
Intel Please refer to the Supported Processor List at
http://www.intel.com/support/motherboards/server/sb/CS
-022346.htm
Currently, the Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor 5400
series are not supported by VMware.
1 (min) SAS 3.5” hard
drives
Any supported Please refer to the Server Hard Drive Validation Test
Report at
http://www.intel.com/support/motherboards/server/sb/CS
-025416.htm
1 (RAID) Intel® RAID
activation key
AXXRAK18E
1 (RAID) RAID Mini DIMM AXXMINIDIMM
1 (min) Intel® PRO/1000
Ethernet Controller
Intel
1 (min) Broadcom* 5700
Series Ethernet
Controller
Broadcom
Table 1 – Hardware Components
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Welcome
This guide contains detailed information on how to install VMware* ESXi* 3.5 on pre-certified platforms
listed in the Supported Hardware section. This guide is intended for experienced Windows* or Linux* system
Administrators installing VMware ESXi 3.5 and configuring virtualization for the first time by using VMware*
Infrastructure* 3. Specifically, it is intended for users who:
• Do not have the VMware* ESXi* 3.5 software installed.
• Do not have the VMware* Infrastructure* (VI) Client or the VMware* VirtualCenter Server* installed.
This guide describes VMware ESXi 3.5 and VirtualCenter and provides instructions to set up and configure a
host, including the following tasks:
• Install VMware ESXi and add the host to your network.
• Deploy the VI Client and connect to a single VMware ESXi host.
• Deploy and run a virtual machine.
• Deploy VMware Infrastructure with the VirtualCenter Server to manage multiple hosts.
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About VMware* Infrastructure*
VMware* Infrastructure* (VI) is a suite of applications that uses virtualization to:
• Run multiple operating systems on a single physical machine simultaneously.
• Reclaim idle resources and balance workloads across multiple physical machines.
• Work around hardware failures and scheduled maintenance.
VMware* Infrastructure* Components
Familiarity with the components that make up a VMware Infrastructure environment helps with the
understanding of the setup process and, ultimately, the process of running virtual machines using VMware
VirtualCenter*. VMware Infrastructure includes the following components:
• The VMware* Infrastructure* Client – The VI Client is the interface to the VirtualCenter Server* and
hosts. It also provides console access to virtual machines.
• The VMware* VirtualCenter Server* – The VirtualCenter Server unifies resources from individual hosts
so the resources are shared among virtual machines in the entire datacenter by assigning virtual
machines to the hosts, and by assigning resources to the virtual machines within a given host based on
the policies set by the system Administrator. The VirtualCenter Server allows the use of advanced
VMware Infrastructure features such as VMware Distributed Resource Scheduler* (DRS), VMware High
Availability* (HA), and VMware VMotion*.
• Datacenter – A datacenter is a structure where hosts and their associated virtual machines are added to
the VirtualCenter inventory.
• Host – A host is a computer that uses the VMware* ESXi* 3.5 virtualization software to run virtual
machines. Hosts provide CPU and memory resources, access to storage, and network connectivity for
virtual machines that reside on them. A host is necessary before following the steps in this manual.
• Virtual Machine – A virtual machine is a software computer that, like a physical computer, runs an
operating system and applications. Multiple virtual machines can run on the same host at the same time.
Virtual machines managed by the VirtualCenter Server can also run on a cluster of hosts.
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The relationships among the basic components of VMware* Infrastructure* is depicted in the following
figure:
Figure 1 – VMware Infrastructure Components
Managing Hosts
There are two primary methods for managing hosts:
• Single-host management – Use the VMware* Infrastructure* (VI) Client to connect to a single ESXi*
host and manage virtual machines and their resources. When the VI Client connects to an ESXi host, the
VI Client displays the options appropriate to single-host management.
• Multiple-host management – Use the VI Client to connect to a VMware* VirtualCenter Server* and
manage many virtual machines and their resources distributed over multiple ESXi hosts. When
connected to a VirtualCenter Server, the VI Client displays the options available to the VMware
Infrastructure environment and for managing multiple hosts.
Deploying a VirtualCenter Server provides many advantages over deploying a single, standalone ESXi host.
Table 2 illustrates some of the key advantages and compares multiple-host management with VirtualCenter
versus single-host management.
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Feature VirtualCenter Server ESXi Server
Scale of deployment Multiple hosts Single host
Capacity planning Built-in Available separately
Server Consolidation
wizard
Built-in Available separately
Instant server provisioning Available with templates and cloning Not available
Zero-downtime
maintenance
Possible with VMotion* Not available
Load balancing Possible with VMware* DRS Not available
Failover Possible with VMware* HA Not available
Power savings Possible with VMware* Distributed
Power Management (DPM)
Not available
Centralized access control Available with Active Directory
Integration
Not available
Table 2 – Comparison of Multiple and Single Host Management
VMware* VirtualCenter* and ESXi* Licensing Overview
This section describes the licensing models available with VMware* ESXi* 3.5 and VMware* VirtualCenter*.
For additional information, refer to the VMware ESXi 3.5 Installable Setup Guide available on the VMware
website.
Licensing Terminology
The following terms are part of the license redemption and configuration process:
• License activation code – A license activation code (LAC) is a unique code associated with one or more
VMware* products purchased. The code is obtained after an order is processed or when the product is
purchased from an authorized VMware reseller, where a partner activation code is provided.
• Partner activation code – A partner activation code is a unique code that identifies orders placed
through VMware* partners. If VMware Infrastructure* 3 is purchased from an authorized VMware
reseller, use the code provided at the time of purchase to register it on the designated VMware store
account.
• License activation portal – The license activation portal is a self-service Web portal used to redeem
license activation codes and download license files for VMware* Infrastructure* 3.
• Partner activation portal – A partner activation portal is a self-service Web portal used to register a
purchase made from an authorized VMware* reseller to a VMware store account. To do this, enter the
partner activation code into the portal and download the license files from the license activation portal.
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VMware* ESX* Editions
Depending on the edition of VMware* Infrastructure* software purchased, different VMware* ESX* license
types may apply. Some editions include limited access to the feature set of VMware ESX 3.5. Certain
standard functionality is available only with an optional add-on license, at additional cost. Other editions
include full access to the full feature set of VMware ESX 3.5.
Licenses from previous releases of VMware ESX work with VMware ESX 3.5. However, licensing capabilities
added to VMware ESX 3.5 editions, e.g., VMware Consolidated Backup*.are not supported with previous
editions of VMware ESX.
Table 3 displays VMware ESX 3.5 features arranged by edition:
Feature VMware ESXi VI Foundation VI Standard VI Enterprise
License type Serial number Flex license files
(centralized or
single host)
Flex license files
(centralized or
single host)
Flex license files
(centralized or
single host)
VMFS Yes Yes Yes Yes
Virtual SMP support Yes Yes Yes Yes
VMware* Consolidated Backup*
(VCB)
No Yes Yes Yes
VMware* Update Manager* No Yes Yes Yes
VMware HA No Add-on Yes Yes
Server VMotion and Storage
VMotion
No Add-on Add-on Yes
VMware* DRS and DPM
(Distributed Resource
Management and Distributed
Power Management)
No Add-on Add-on Yes
Manageable by the
VI Client
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Remote CLI access Restricted Yes Yes Yes
Manageable by VirtualCenter* in
production mode
Add-on Yes Yes Yes
Manageable by VirtualCenter* in
evaluation mode
Yes Yes Yes Yes
VirtualCenter* Management
Agent
No Yes Yes Yes
Table 3 – Edition Features for VMware ESX 3.5 Machines
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VMware* VirtualCenter* Server Editions
At least one instance of a VMware* VirtualCenter* license is required for VI Foundation*, VI Standard*, and
VI Enterprise* editions. The following VMware VirtualCenter editions are available:
• VMware* VirtualCenter Foundation* – Manages up to three ESX hosts. To manage more than three
hosts, upgrade to VirtualCenter edition.
• VMware* VirtualCenter* – An enterprise-level edition that manages up-to -the-system-maximum
number of hosts in combination with VMware Server hosts. For information about system maximums,
see Configuration Maximums for VMware Infrastructure 3 in the VMware ESXi 3.5 Installable Setup
Guide available from the VMware* website.
VirtualCenter editions require flex, centralized license files. The VirtualCenter Foundation edition can be
converted to the VirtualCenter edition by adding an appropriate license file and switching the editions. The
software does not need to be reinstalled. For information about converting the editions, see To configure
centralized licensing for VirtualCenter in the VMware ESXi 3.5 Installable Setup Guide available from the
VMware website.
The VirtualCenter Express* edition can be converted to the VirtualCenter Full* edition by adding an
appropriate license file and switching the editions. The software does not need to be re-installed. For
information on switching between the editions, see “Centralized VMware* Licensing” on page 12.
VMware* VirtualCenter* and ESXi* Licensing Model
The standalone edition of VMware* ESXi* 3.5 performs most operations. To use some advanced operations,
you can use the evaluation mode or you can purchase an upgraded license.
VMware* VirtualCenter*, with the exception of the evaluation mode, requires a software license for most
operations, such as adding hosts to the VirtualCenter inventory. However, VirtualCenter version 2.5 can be
installed, launched, and configured without a software license.
Two modes of licensing are available: single-host and centralized. Both single-host and centralized licenses
are based on FLEXnet* mechanisms. A flex license is either served (centralized) or unserved (single host).
Single-Host and Centralized License Types
For single-host licenses, the serial number or license files are stored on individual ESXi hosts. Centralized
licenses are stored on a license server, which makes these licenses available to one or more hosts. A mixed
environment can be run to employ both single-host and centralized licensing.
VirtualCenter and features that require VirtualCenter, such as VMotion*, must have centralized licensing.
VMware ESXi 3.5 specific features can be licensed for either centralized or single-host licensing.
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Figure 2 illustrates the three types of license environments.:
Figure 2 – License File Locations in Single-Host, Mixed, and Centralized Licensing Environments
Centralized VMware* Licensing
Centralized licensing simplifies license management in large, dynamic environments by allowing a VMware*
license server to administer licenses. With centralized licensing, VirtualCenter Server and ESXi licenses are
maintained from one console.
With centralized licensing, a license server manages a license pool, which is a central repository holding an
entire licensed entitlement. When a host requires a particular licensed function, the license for that
entitlement is checked out from the license pool. License keys return to the pool when they are no longer in
use and are available again to any host.
The advantages of centralized licensing include:
• All licensing administered from a single location.
• New licenses are allocated and reallocated by using any combination of ESXi form factors. For example,
the same 32-processor license can be used for sixteen 2-processor hosts, eight 4-processor hosts, four
8-processor hosts, two 16-processor hosts, or any combination totaling 32 processors.
• Ongoing license management is simplified by allowing licenses to be assigned and reassigned as
needed. Assignment changes as the needs of an environment change, such as when hosts are added or
removed or premium features like VMotion*, DRS, or HA are transferred among hosts.
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• During periods of license server unavailability, although new licenses cannot be issued, existing
VMware* VirtualCenter Server* licensed functionality continues to operate indefinitely and existing
VMware* ESXi licensed functionality continues to operate within a 14-day grace period. See License
Server Availability in the VMware ESXi 3.5 Installable Setup Guide available from the VMware website.
VMware recommends centralized licensing be used for large, changing environments.
Single-Host VMware* Licensing
There are two scenarios for single-host licensing:
• Host-based serial number — For the VMware* ESXi* 3.5 standalone edition, each host has a serial
number supplied by VMware.
• Host-based license file — For all other VMware* ESXi* 3.5 editions — including VI3 Foundation*, VI3
Standard*, and VI3 Enterprise* — each host has a license file.
For host-based license files, the following rules apply:
• The total entitlement for purchased features is divided among separate license files residing on ESXi
hosts and the VirtualCenter Server.
• When a licensed feature is activated, the feature for that entitlement must reside in the license file on
that host.
• Maintain separate license files on each ESXi host. Distribution of unused licenses is not automatic, and
not dependent on an external connection for licensing.
The advantages of host-based license files include:
• Single-host files do not require the installation of a license server for ESXi host-only environments.
• In a VirtualCenter and license server environment, host-based license files allows the modification of
ESXi host licenses during periods of license server unavailability.
License Key Functionality
License keys determine specific entitlement to run VMware software. Depending on the ESXi and
VirtualCenter features used, purchase such keys based on one of the following criteria:
• Per-processor basis – To activate a feature, a host requires a feature license for each of its processors.
• Per-instance basis – To activate a single instance of a certain feature, a single license is required
regardless of how many processors are used.
Licensed features also differ in their operation based on whether they are ESXi or VirtualCenter features.
License ESXi features by using either single-host or centralized licensing; they do not require VirtualCenter
or a license server. VirtualCenter features require centralized licensing. ESXi features and VirtualCenter
features also differ in their behavior when the license server is not available. See License Server Availability
in the VMware ESXi 3.5 Installable Setup Guide available from the VMware website.
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About VMware* ESXi* 3.5
A VMware* ESXi* 3.5 host is a physical server that contains an ESXi image installed on a local hard drive.
When the ESXi host is booted, use the direct console user interface for initial configuration and
troubleshooting of the ESXi software. The direct console appears when a monitor is connected to the host.
If the VMware* Infrastructure Management* software is installed, the VMware Infrastructure client
applications is able to manage the host.
When the ESXi host is powered on for the first time or when the host is powered on after the host is reset
to the configuration defaults, the host enters a boot up phase during which system network and storage
devices are configured with defaults.
The default behavior for networking is for the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to configure IP.
The default behavior for storage is all visible blank internal disks to are formatted with the virtual machine
file system (VMFS) so virtual machines can be stored on the disks.
After the host completes the boot up phase, the direct console appears on the monitor. Using a keyboard
and monitor attached to the host, examine the default network configuration applied during the boot-up
phase and change any settings that are not compatible with the network environment.
About Installing VMware ESXi 3.5
Using the VMware ESXi 3.5 CD-ROM, install the ESXi software onto a SATA, SAS, or SCSI hard drive.
Installing on a USB drive, an IDE/ATA drive, or a SAN-based drive, such as FC SAN or iSCSI SAN, is currently
not supported.
During the installation operation, the installer reformats and partitions the first 750 MB of the target disk
and installs the VMware ESXi 3.5 boot image. All data located on this part of the drive is overwritten. This
includes hardware vendor partitions, operating system partitions, previous versions of VMware* ESX*, ESX
configuration settings, and associated data. To ensure any data is not lost, migrate the data to another
machine before installing VMware ESXi 3.5.
After VMware ESXi 3.5 is installed, reboot the host. During the reboot operation, the VFAT scratch partition
is created on the disk from which the ESXi host is booting. Each blank disk on the installation hard drive is
formatted and the VMFS-3 partition is created.
After the installation is complete, existing VMFS data can be migrated to the ESXi host. For information on
migrating data, see the VMware Upgrade Guide available from the VMware website.
Preparing to Install
If the server network address is not configured using DHCP, make sure the network information is available
for post installation configuration. In this case, the following is necessary:
• The IP address for the physical server where ESXi is being installed.
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• The host name for the server, including the full domain name for the server, if applicable.
• The netmask for the server's subnet.
• The IP address of the gateway.
• The IP address of the name server.
• Optionally, the addresses of one or two alternate name servers.
A general idea of how many virtual machines will run on the server is helpful. Following installation of
VMware* ESXi* 3.5 on a host server, install Virtual Infrastructure Client* software. See Installing the
VMware* Infrastructure* (VI) Client" on page 27 to configure and activate the ESXi license.
Installing VMware* ESXi* 3.5
Use the VMware ESXi 3.5 Installable CD-ROM to install VMware ESXi 3.5 onto a hard drive (SATA, SAS, or
SCSI). This procedure presumes a keyboard and monitor attached to the ESXi host are used to perform the
installation. To install VMware ESXi 3.5:
1) Insert the VMware* ESXi* 3.5 Installable CD into the CD drive.
2) Set the BIOS to boot from the CD.
a) Press the key required to enter your machine’s BIOS Setup page. This key is often F1, F2, or F10.
b) Set the CD drive as the first boot device.
c) Reboot the machine.
Figure 3 – The VMvisor* Boot Screen.
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3) Select “ThinESX Installer” and press “Enter” to continue.
Figure 4 – TheThinESX Installer* Progress Screen
The ThinESX* installer begins reading from the CDROM. The bottom of the display shows a status bar
marking the installer’s progress.
Figure 5 – The ThinESX Installer* Initializing Screen.
The ThinESX installer begins its initialization. Again, a status bar displays at the bottom of the screen
showing its progress until the Welcome screen appears.
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Figure 6 – The ThinESX Installer* Initializing Screen.
If this screen does not display, perform the following:
a) Reboot the machine.
b) Press the key required to enter your machine’s BIOS Setup page. This key is often F1, F2, or F10.
c) Set the CD drive as the first boot device.
d) Reboot the machine.
4) Press “Enter” to continue with the Installation. The text installer steps goes through each process of the
ESXi* installation.
Figure 7 – The End User License Agreement Screen.
5) Press the F11 key to accept the End User License Agreement (EULA) and continue with the installation.
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Figure 8 – The VMware* ESXi Server* Installer Disk Selection Screen.
6) Select from the list of disk drives on which ESXi will be installed. If there is existing data on the disk
partition, the screen above is displayed.
7) Press “Enter” to continue or “Backspace” to select another disk drive.
Note: The installer reformats and partitions the first 750 MB of the target disk and installs the VMware*
ESXi* 3.5 boot image. All data located on this part of the drive is overwritten.
Figure 9 – The VMware* ESXi Server* Installer Confirm Cancel Screen.
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If a disk for installation is not selected, and “Cancel” is clicked, the selection must be confirmed as
depicted in the figure above. Otherwise, the installer prompts to confirm the drive selection to proceed
with installation.
Figure 10 – The VMware* ESXi Server* Installer Confirm Install Screen.
With the disk selection confirmed, a prompt to begin the installation appears.
8) Press “F11” to begin the install.
The progress of the installation to the selected disk screen appears.
Figure 11 – The VMware* ESXi Server* Installer Progress Screen.
/