Nikon D4 User manual

Type
User manual
DIGITAL CAMERA
En
User's Manual
Printed in Japan
SB1L01(11)
6MB12911-01
No reproduction in any form of this manual, in whole or in part
(except for brief quotation in critical articles or reviews), may be
made without written authorization from NIKON CORPORATION.
En
Thank you for your purchase of a Nikon single-lens reflex (SLR) digital
camera.
To get the most from your camera, please be sure to read all
instructions thoroughly and keep them where they will be read by all
those who use the product.
Symbols and Conventions
To make it easier to find the information you need, the following symbols
and conventions are used:
Menu items, options, and messages displayed in the camera monitor are
shown in bold.
Camera Settings
The explanations in this manual assume that default settings are used.
Help
Use the cameras on-board help feature for help on menu items and other
topics.
See page 22 for details.
Digitutor
Digitutor, a series of “watch and learn” manuals in movie form, is available
from the following website:
http://www.nikondigitutor.com/index_eng.html
This icon marks cautions; information that should be read before
use to prevent damage to the camera.
D
This icon marks notes; information that should be read before
using the camera.
A
This icon marks references to other pages in this manual.
0
A For Your Safety
Before using the camera for the first time, read the safety
instructions in “For Your Safety” (0 xiii–xv).
i
Where to Find It
Find what you’re looking for from:
The Table of Contents..............................................................
0
iv
The Q&A Index .........................................................................
0
ii
The Quick Start Guide .............................................................
0
xxii
The Index..................................................................................
0
449
Error Messages ........................................................................
0
424
Troubleshooting......................................................................
0
419
i
i
i
i
i
i
X
Introduction 0 1
s
Tutorial 0 19
x
Live View Photography 0 49
y
Movie Live View 0 63
d
Image Recording Options 0 85
N
Focus 0 97
k
Release Mode 0 111
S
ISO Sensitivity 0 117
Z
Exposure 0 123
r
White Balance 0 153
J
Image Enhancement 0 173
l
Flash Photography 0 191
t
Other Shooting Options 0 207
I
More About Playback 0 235
e
Voice Memos 0 255
Q
Connections 0 263
U
Menu Guide 0 283
n
Technical Notes 0 385
ii
Find what you’re looking for using this “question and answer
index.
Q&A Index
Taking Photographs
0
Shooting and Framing Options
Is there a quick and easy way to take snapshots? xxii, 40
Can I frame photos in the monitor (C live view
photography)?
49
Can I shoot movies (1 movie live view)? 63
Can I join photographs taken at regular intervals to
create a time-lapse movie?
223
Release Modes
Can I take photos in quick succession? 111
How do I take pictures with the self-timer? 114
Focus
Can I choose how the camera focuses? 97
Can I choose the focus point? 103
Exposure
Can I make photos brighter or darker? 137
How do I preserve details in shadows and highlights?
184,
186
Image Quality and Size
How do I take pictures for printing at large sizes?
90, 93
How can I get more pictures on the memory card?
Viewing Photographs
0
Playback
How do I view photographs on the camera? 235
How do I view more information about a photo? 238
Can I view photos in an automatic slide show? 291
Can I view photos on a TV? 280
Can I protect photos from accidental deletion? 249
Deletion
How do I delete unwanted photos? 251
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
iii
Retouching Photographs
0
How do I create retouched copies of photos? 361
How do I make JPEG copies of RAW (NEF) photos? 372
Can I trim movie footage on the camera or save
movie stills?
79
Menus and Settings
0
How do I use the menus? 19
How do I keep the displays from turning off? 316, 317
How do I focus the viewfinder? 38
How do I set the camera clock? 30, 348
How do I format memory cards? 36
How do I restore default settings?
207, 295,
305
How do I get help for a menu or message? 22
Connections
0
How do I copy photos to a computer? 263
How do I print photos? 271
Can I print the date of recording on my photos? 274
Maintenance and Optional Accessories
0
What memory cards can I use? 442
What lenses can I use? 385
What optional flash units (Speedlights) can I use? 192
What other accessories are available for my camera?
391
What software is available for my camera?
How do I clean the camera? 398
Where should I take my camera for servicing and
repairs?
405
iv
Q&A Index .................................................................................................ii
For Your Safety .................................................................................... xiii
Notices.................................................................................................... xvi
Quick Start Guide............................................................................... xxii
Introduction 1
Package Contents...................................................................................1
Getting to Know the Camera..............................................................2
Camera Body.......................................................................................2
The Top Control Panel ..................................................................... 7
The Rear Control Panel.................................................................... 9
The Viewfinder Display..................................................................11
The Information Display................................................................13
The BS-2 Accessory Shoe Cover .................................................17
Tutorial 19
Camera Menus...................................................................................... 19
Using Camera Menus .....................................................................20
Help ......................................................................................................22
First Steps ............................................................................................... 23
Charge the Battery ..........................................................................23
Insert the Battery .............................................................................25
Attach a Lens.....................................................................................28
Basic Setup.........................................................................................30
Insert a Memory Card.....................................................................33
Format the Memory Card .............................................................36
Adjust Viewfinder Focus ...............................................................38
Basic Photography and Playback................................................... 40
Turn the Camera On .......................................................................40
Ready the Camera ...........................................................................42
Table of Contents
v
Focus and Shoot.............................................................................. 43
Viewing Photographs.................................................................... 46
Deleting Unwanted Photographs............................................. 47
Live View Photography 49
Focusing in Live View .................................................................... 52
The Live View Display: Live View Photography ...................55
The Information Display: Live View Photography............... 58
Manual Focus ................................................................................... 59
Live View Shutter Release Options........................................... 60
Movie Live View 63
Indices................................................................................................. 67
The Live View Display: Movie Live View ................................. 68
The Information Display: Movie Live View............................. 70
Image Area ........................................................................................ 71
Movie Settings ................................................................................. 74
Viewing Movies .................................................................................... 77
Editing Movies ...................................................................................... 79
Trimming Movies ............................................................................ 79
Saving Selected Frames................................................................ 83
Image Recording Options 85
Image Area............................................................................................. 85
Image Quality........................................................................................ 90
Image Size .............................................................................................. 93
Using Two Memory Cards ................................................................ 95
vi
Focus 97
Autofocus ............................................................................................... 97
Autofocus Mode ..............................................................................97
AF-Area Mode................................................................................ 100
Focus Point Selection.................................................................. 103
Focus Lock....................................................................................... 105
Manual Focus......................................................................................108
Release Mode 111
Choosing a Release Mode ..............................................................111
Continuous Release Modes ...................................................... 112
Self-Timer Mode.................................................................................114
Mirror up Mode ..................................................................................116
ISO Sensitivity 117
Manual Adjustment ..........................................................................117
Auto ISO Sensitivity Control ..........................................................119
Exposure 123
Metering ...............................................................................................123
Exposure Mode...................................................................................125
e: Programmed Auto ..................................................................126
f: Shutter-Priority Auto .............................................................. 127
g: Aperture-Priority Auto ........................................................... 128
h: Manual......................................................................................... 129
Long Time-Exposures.......................................................................131
Shutter-Speed and Aperture Lock...............................................133
Autoexposure (AE) Lock..................................................................135
Exposure Compensation.................................................................137
Bracketing ............................................................................................139
vii
White Balance 153
White Balance Options ....................................................................153
Fine-Tuning White Balance............................................................156
Choosing a Color Temperature ....................................................160
Preset Manual .....................................................................................163
Image Enhancement 173
Picture Controls..................................................................................173
Selecting a Picture Control........................................................173
Modifying Existing Picture Controls.......................................175
Creating Custom Picture Controls..........................................179
Sharing Custom Picture Controls............................................182
Preserving Detail in Highlights and Shadows.........................184
Active D-Lighting..........................................................................184
High Dynamic Range (HDR) ......................................................186
Flash Photography 191
Using a Flash .......................................................................................191
The Nikon Creative Lighting System (CLS) ..........................192
i-TTL Flash Control........................................................................198
Flash Modes.........................................................................................199
Flash Compensation.........................................................................202
FV Lock ..................................................................................................204
Other Shooting Options 207
Two-Button Reset: Restoring Default Settings .......................207
Multiple Exposure .............................................................................210
Interval Timer Photography ..........................................................216
Time-Lapse Photography ...............................................................223
Non-CPU Lenses.................................................................................228
Using a GPS Unit ................................................................................231
viii
More About Playback 235
Viewing Images..................................................................................235
Full-Frame Playback .................................................................... 235
Thumbnail Playback .................................................................... 235
Playback Controls ........................................................................ 236
Photo Information.............................................................................238
Taking a Closer Look: Playback Zoom........................................247
Protecting Photographs from Deletion.....................................249
Deleting Photographs .....................................................................251
Full-Frame and Thumbnail Playback..................................... 251
The Playback Menu...................................................................... 253
Voice Memos 255
Recording Voice Memos .................................................................255
Playing Voice Memos.......................................................................260
Connections 263
Connecting to a Computer ............................................................263
Before Connecting the Camera............................................... 263
Direct USB Connection............................................................... 267
Ethernet and Wireless Networks............................................. 269
Printing Photographs.......................................................................271
Connecting the Printer............................................................... 272
Printing Pictures One at a Time............................................... 273
Printing Multiple Pictures.......................................................... 275
Creating a DPOF Print Order: Print Set .................................277
Viewing Photographs on TV..........................................................280
HDMI Options ................................................................................ 281
ix
Menu Guide 283
D The Playback Menu: Managing Images ..............................283
Playback Folder.........................................................................284
Hide Image..................................................................................284
Playback Display Options......................................................285
Copy Image(s)............................................................................286
Image Review.............................................................................289
After Delete ................................................................................290
Rotate Tall ...................................................................................290
Slide Show...................................................................................291
C The Shooting Menu: Shooting Options ..............................293
Shooting Menu Bank...............................................................294
Extended Menu Banks............................................................295
Storage Folder...........................................................................296
File Naming.................................................................................298
Color Space.................................................................................299
Vignette Control .......................................................................300
Auto Distortion Control .........................................................301
Long Exposure NR (Long Exposure Noise Reduction)
...302
High ISO NR ................................................................................302
A Custom Settings: Fine-Tuning Camera Settings...............303
Custom Settings Bank.............................................................305
a: Autofocus ....................................................................................307
a1: AF-C Priority Selection.....................................................307
a2: AF-S Priority Selection .....................................................308
a3: Focus Tracking with Lock-On........................................309
a4: AF Activation.......................................................................309
a5: Focus Point Illumination .................................................310
a6: Focus Point Wrap-Around..............................................310
a7: Number of Focus Points..................................................311
a8: Assign AF-ON Button .......................................................311
a9: Assign AF-ON Button (Vert.) ..........................................312
a10: Store Points by Orientation.........................................312
b: Metering/Exposure..................................................................313
b1: ISO Sensitivity Step Value ..............................................313
b2: EV Steps for Exposure Cntrl ...........................................313
b3: Exp./Flash Comp. Step Value ........................................313
x
b4: Easy Exposure Compensation...................................... 314
b5: Center-Weighted Area.................................................... 315
b6: Fine-Tune Optimal Exposure........................................ 315
c: Timers/AE Lock.......................................................................... 316
c1: Shutter-Release Button AE-L......................................... 316
c2: Standby Timer .................................................................... 316
c3: Self-Timer ............................................................................. 317
c4: Monitor off Delay ..............................................................317
d: Shooting/Display ..................................................................... 318
d1: Beep....................................................................................... 318
d2: Shooting Speed................................................................. 318
d3: Max. Continuous Release............................................... 319
d4: Exposure Delay Mode ..................................................... 319
d5: File Number Sequence ...................................................320
d6: Viewfinder Grid Display.................................................. 321
d7: Control Panel/Viewfinder .............................................. 321
d8: Screen Tips .......................................................................... 321
d9: Information Display ......................................................... 322
d10: LCD Illumination............................................................. 322
e: Bracketing/Flash....................................................................... 323
e1: Flash Sync Speed............................................................... 323
e2: Flash Shutter Speed ......................................................... 324
e3: Optional Flash .................................................................... 324
e4: Exposure Comp. for Flash .............................................. 325
e5: Modeling Flash................................................................... 325
e6: Auto Bracketing Set ......................................................... 325
e7: Auto Bracketing (Mode M)............................................. 326
e8: Bracketing Order ............................................................... 326
f: Controls ........................................................................................ 327
f1: Multi Selector Center Button ......................................... 327
f2: Multi Selector....................................................................... 328
f3: Assign Fn Button................................................................ 328
f4: Assign Preview Button ..................................................... 333
f5: Assign Sub-selector........................................................... 333
f6: Assign Sub-selector Center ............................................ 333
f7: Assign Fn Button (Vert.)................................................... 334
f8: Shutter Spd & Aperture Lock ......................................... 334
f9: Assign BKT Button.............................................................. 335
f10: Customize Command Dials.......................................... 336
xi
f11: Release Button to Use Dial............................................337
f12: Slot Empty Release Lock................................................338
f13: Reverse Indicators............................................................338
f14: Assign Multi Selector (Vert.).........................................338
f15: Playback Zoom .................................................................339
f16: Assign Movie Record Button........................................339
g: Movie ............................................................................................340
g1: Assign Fn Button ...............................................................340
g2: Assign Preview Button ....................................................341
g3: Assign Sub-selector Center ...........................................342
g4: Assign Shutter Button .....................................................343
B The Setup Menu: Camera Setup...............................................344
Format Memory Card..............................................................345
Monitor Brightness ..................................................................345
Image Dust Off Ref Photo......................................................346
Flicker Reduction......................................................................348
Time Zone and Date................................................................348
Language.....................................................................................349
Auto Image Rotation...............................................................350
Battery Info .................................................................................351
Image Comment.......................................................................352
Copyright Information............................................................353
IPTC................................................................................................354
Save/Load Settings..................................................................356
Virtual Horizon...........................................................................358
AF Fine-Tune ..............................................................................359
Firmware Version......................................................................360
N The Retouch Menu: Creating Retouched Copies.............361
D-Lighting...................................................................................364
Red-Eye Correction..................................................................365
Trim................................................................................................366
Monochrome .............................................................................367
Filter Effects ................................................................................367
Color Balance .............................................................................368
Image Overlay............................................................................369
NEF (RAW) Processing.............................................................372
Resize ............................................................................................374
Straighten....................................................................................376
xii
Distortion Control.................................................................... 377
Perspective Control................................................................. 378
Side-by-Side Comparison .....................................................378
O My Menu/m Recent Settings....................................................380
Technical Notes 385
Compatible Lenses............................................................................385
Other Accessories..............................................................................391
Attaching a Power Connector and AC Adapter................. 396
Caring for the Camera......................................................................398
Storage ............................................................................................. 398
Cleaning........................................................................................... 398
The Low-Pass Filter ...................................................................... 399
“Clean Now”............................................................................... 399
“Clean at Startup/Shutdown”.............................................. 400
Manual Cleaning ...................................................................... 402
Replacing the Clock Battery...................................................... 406
Caring for the Camera and Battery: Cautions..........................408
Defaults .................................................................................................412
Exposure Program.............................................................................418
Troubleshooting ................................................................................419
Error Messages....................................................................................424
Specifications......................................................................................430
Calibrating Batteries.................................................................... 440
Approved Memory Cards ...............................................................442
Memory Card Capacity ....................................................................444
Battery Life ...........................................................................................447
Index.......................................................................................................449
xiii
For Your Safety
To prevent damage to your Nikon product or injury to yourself or to
others, read the following safety precautions in their entirety before using
this equipment. Keep these safety instructions where all those who use
the product will read them.
The consequences that could result from failure to observe the
precautions listed in this section are indicated by the following symbol:
❚❚ WARNINGS
A Keep the sun out of the frame
Keep the sun well out of the frame
when shooting backlit subjects.
Sunlight focused into the camera
when the sun is in or close to the
frame could cause a fire.
A Do not look at the sun through the
viewfinder
Viewing the sun or other strong
light source through the
viewfinder could cause
permanent visual impairment.
A Using the viewfinder diopter adjustment
control
When operating the viewfinder
diopter adjustment control with
your eye to the viewfinder, care
should be taken not to put your
finger in your eye accidentally.
A Turn off immediately in the event of
malfunction
Should you notice smoke or an
unusual smell coming from the
equipment or AC adapter
(available separately), unplug the
AC adapter and remove the
battery immediately, taking care
to avoid burns. Continued
operation could result in injury.
After removing the battery, take
the equipment to a Nikon-
authorized service center for
inspection.
A Do not disassemble
Touching the products internal
parts could result in injury. In the
event of malfunction, the product
should be repaired only by a
qualified technician. Should the
product break open as the result
of a fall or other accident, remove
the battery and/or AC adapter
and then take the product to a
Nikon-authorized service center
for inspection.
This icon marks warnings. To prevent possible injury, read all
warnings before using this Nikon product.
A
xiv
A Do not use in the presence of flammable
gas
Do not use electronic equipment
in the presence of flammable gas,
as this could result in explosion or
fire.
A Keep out of reach of children
Failure to observe this precaution
could result in injury.
In addition,
note that small parts constitute a
chocking hazard.
Should a child
swallow any part of this
equipment, consult a physician
immediately.
A Do not place the strap around the neck of
an infant or child
Placing the camera strap around
the neck of an infant or child
could result in strangulation.
A Do not remain in contact with the
camera, battery, or charger for extended
periods while the devices are on or in use
Parts of the device become hot.
Leaving the device in direct
contact with the skin for extended
periods may result in low-
temperature burns.
A Observe proper precautions when
handling batteries
Batteries may leak or explode if
improperly handled. Observe the
following precautions when
handling batteries for use in this
product:
Use only batteries approved for
use in this equipment.
Use only CR1616 lithium batteries
to replace the clock battery. Using
another type of battery could
cause an explosion. Dispose of
used batteries as directed.
Do not short or disassemble the
battery.
Be sure the product is off before
replacing the battery. If you are
using an AC adapter, be sure it is
unplugged.
Do not attempt to insert the
battery upside down or
backwards.
Do not expose the battery to
flame or to excessive heat.
Do not immerse in or expose to
water.
Replace the terminal cover when
transporting the battery. Do not
transport or store the battery with
metal objects such as necklaces or
hairpins.
Batteries are prone to leakage
when fully discharged. To avoid
damage to the product, be sure to
remove the battery when no
charge remains.
When the battery is not in use,
attach the terminal cover and
store in a cool, dry place.
The battery may be hot
immediately after use or when the
product has been used on battery
power for an extended period.
Before removing the battery turn
the camera off and allow the
battery to cool.
Discontinue use immediately
should you notice any changes in
the battery, such as discoloration
or deformation.
xv
A Observe proper precautions when
handling the charger
Keep dry. Failure to observe this
precaution could result in fire or
electric shock.
Dust on or near the metal parts of
the plug should be removed with
a dry cloth. Continued use could
result in fire.
Do not handle the power cable or
go near the charger during
thunderstorms. Failure to observe
this precaution could result in
electric shock.
Do not damage, modify, or
forcibly tug or bend the power
cable. Do not place it under
heavy objects or expose it to heat
or flame. Should the insulation be
damaged and the wires become
exposed, take the power cable to
a Nikon-authorized service
representative for inspection.
Failure to observe this precaution
could result in fire or electric
shock.
Do not handle the plug or charger
with wet hands. Failure to
observe this precaution could
result in electric shock.
Do not use with travel converters
or adapters designed to convert
from one voltage to another or
with DC-to-AC inverters.
Failure
to observe this precaution could
damage the product or cause
overheating or fire.
A Use appropriate cables
When connecting cables to the
input and output jacks, use only
the cables provided or sold by
Nikon for the purpose to maintain
compliance with product
regulations.
A CD-ROMs
CD-ROMs containing software or
manuals should not be played
back on audio CD equipment.
Playing CD-ROMs on an audio CD
player could cause hearing loss or
damage the equipment.
A Do not aim a flash at the operator of a
motor vehicle
Failure to observe this precaution
could result in accidents.
A Observe caution when using the flash
Using optional flash units in close
contact with the skin or other
objects could cause burns.
Using optional flash units close to
the subjects eyes could cause
temporary visual impairment.
Particular care should be
observed when photographing
infants, when the flash should be
no less than one meter (39 in.)
from the subject.
A Avoid contact with liquid crystal
Should the monitor break, care
should be taken to avoid injury
due to broken glass and to
prevent the liquid crystal from the
monitor touching the skin or
entering the eyes or mouth.
xvi
Notices
No part of the manuals included with this
product may be reproduced, transmitted,
transcribed, stored in a retrieval system,
or translated into any language in any
form, by any means, without Nikons prior
written permission.
Nikon reserves the right to change the
specifications of the hardware and
software described in these manuals at
any time and without prior notice.
Nikon will not be held liable for any
damages resulting from the use of this
product.
While every effort has been made to
ensure that the information in these
manuals is accurate and complete, we
would appreciate it were you to bring
any errors or omissions to the attention
of the Nikon representative in your area
(address provided separately).
Notices for Customers in Canada
CAUTION
This Class B digital apparatus complies
with Canadian ICES-003.
ATT EN TION
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est
conforme à la norme NMB-003 du
Canada.
Notices for Customers in Europe
This symbol indicates that
this product is to be
collected separately.
The following apply only to
users in European countries:
This product is designated for separate
collection at an appropriate collection
point. Do not dispose of as household
waste.
For more information, contact the
retailer or the local authorities in
charge of waste management.
This symbol on the battery
indicates that the battery is
to be collected separately.
The following apply only to
users in European countries:
All batteries, whether marked with this
symbol or not, are designated for
separate collection at an appropriate
collection point.
Do not dispose of as
household waste.
For more information, contact the
retailer or the local authorities in
charge of waste management.
CAUTION
RISK OF EXPLOSION IF BATTERY IS REPLACED BY AN INCORRECT TYPE. DISPOSE OF
USED BATTERIES ACCORDING TO THE INSTRUCTIONS.
xvii
Notices for Customers in the U.S.A.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Radio Frequency Interference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found
to comply with the limits for a Class B digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules.
These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation. This
equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the
instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications.
However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular
installation.
If this equipment does cause
harmful interference to radio or television
reception, which can be determined by
turning the equipment off and on, the user
is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the
following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving
antenna.
Increase the separation between the
equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet
on a circuit different from that to which
the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced
radio/television technician for help.
CAUTIONS
Modifications
The FCC requires the user be notified that
any changes or modifications made to this
device that are not expressly approved by
Nikon Corporation may void the users
authority to operate the equipment.
The accessory power cord must be used
For USA only: Over AC 125 V
Use a power cord over AWG 18 in size
suited to the voltage in use with plugs
rated for AC 250 V 15 A (NEMA 6P-15)
and a minimum of SVT type cord for
insulation.
Power Supply Cord
Use a UL Listed, 1.8 to 3 m (6 to 10 ft),
SPT-2, AWG no. 18 power supply cord
rated for 125 V 7 A, with a non-polarized
NEMA 1-15P plug rated for 125 V 15 A.
The Battery Charger
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS—SAVE THESE
INSTRUCTIONS
DANGER—TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC
SHOCK, CAREFULLY FOLLOW THESE INSTRUCTIONS
For connection to a supply not in the U.S.A., use an attachment plug
adapter of the proper configuration for the power outlet if needed. This
power unit is intended to be correctly oriented in a vertical or floor
mount position.
xviii
Notice for Customers in the State of California
WARNING: Handling the cord on this product
may expose you to lead, a chemical known
to the State of California to cause birth
defects or other reproductive harm.
Wash
hands after handling.
Nikon Inc., 1300 Walt Whitman Road,
Melville, New York 11747-3064, U.S.A.
Tel.: 631-547-4200
Disposing of Data Storage Devices
Please note that deleting images or formatting memory cards or other data storage
devices does not completely erase the original image data. Deleted files can
sometimes be recovered from discarded storage devices using commercially
available software, potentially resulting in the malicious use of personal image
data. Ensuring the privacy of such data is the users responsibility.
Before discarding a data storage device or transferring ownership to another
person, erase all data using commercial deletion software, or format the device and
then completely refill it with images containing no private information (for
example, pictures of empty sky). Be sure to also replace any pictures selected for
preset manual (0 168). Care should be taken to avoid injury when physically
destroying data storage devices.
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Nikon D4 User manual

Type
User manual

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