Kistler 5018A0000 Owner's manual

Instruction

Manual

Charge Amplifier

Type 5018A...

ä

5018A_002-490e-06.23

Foreword

5018A_002-490e-06.23 Page 1

Foreword

Thank you for choosing a Kistler quality product

characterized by technical innovation, precision and long

life.

Information in this document is subject to change without

notice. Kistler reserves the right to change or improve its

products and make changes in the content without

obligation to notify any person or organization of such

changes or improvements.

protected by various intellectual property rights. For more

details visit www.kistler.com. The Kistler Group includes

Kistler Holding AG and all its subsidiaries in Europe, Asia,

the Americas and Australia.

Kistler Group

Eulachstraße 22

8408 Winterthur

Switzerland

Tel. +41 52 224 11 11

[email protected]

www.kistler.com

Charge Amplifier Type 5018A...

Page 2 5018A_002-490e-06.23

Content

1.Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4

2.Important Guidelines ..................................................................................................................... 6

2.1For your Safety ..................................................................................................................... 6

2.2Unpack ................................................................................................................................. 7

2.3Transportation and Storage .................................................................................................. 7

2.4Supply Voltage Select ........................................................................................................... 8

2.5Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ................................................................................... 8

2.6Tips for Using this Manual .................................................................................................... 9

2.7Accessories Included ........................................................................................................... 10

2.8Optional Accessories .......................................................................................................... 10

2.9Manual Nomenclature ........................................................................................................ 11

2.10 Units of Measure ................................................................................................................ 12

2.11Piezoelectric Measurement Concept ................................................................................... 13

2.12Drift Compensation of the Piezoelectric Amplifier Type 5018A… ....................................... 17

2.13PiezoSmart Automatic Sensor Identification ....................................................................... 18

2.14Automatic Operating Data Acquisition – Updating for Piezoelectric Sensors ...................... 19

2.15Disposal Instruments for Electrical and Electronic Equipment .............................................. 20

2.16Software Upgrades and Updates ........................................................................................ 20

3.Functional Description ................................................................................................................. 21

3.1Block Diagram .................................................................................................................... 22

3.2Amplifier Unit ..................................................................................................................... 23

3.3Control Unit ....................................................................................................................... 24

3.4Power Supply Unit ............................................................................................................. 25

3.5The Measuring Chain ......................................................................................................... 25

4.Assembly, Installation and Operation .......................................................................................... 26

4.1User Interface ..................................................................................................................... 26

4.2Connections ....................................................................................................................... 27

4.3Connecting the Instrument ................................................................................................. 29

4.4Instrument Operation ......................................................................................................... 31

4.4.1Display and Main Menu ..................................................................................................... 31

4.4.2Menu Operation ................................................................................................................ 32

4.4.3Select Language ................................................................................................................. 32

4.4.4Set Numerical Values .......................................................................................................... 32

4.5Step by Step Measuring Guidance ...................................................................................... 33

4.5.1Cylinder Pressure Measurement ......................................................................................... 33

4.6Software ............................................................................................................................. 37

5.Instrument operation ................................................................................................................... 38

5.1Contrast Setting ................................................................................................................. 38

5.2Lock/Unlock Settings ......................................................................................................... 38

5.3Measuring Range ............................................................................................................... 38

5.3.1Stepwise Range Setting ...................................................................................................... 39

5.3.2Variable Range Setting ....................................................................................................... 39

5.4Sensor Sensitivity unit ......................................................................................................... 39

5.5Sensor Sensitivity value ...................................................................................................... 40

5.6Voltage Output Scaling ...................................................................................................... 40

5.7TEDS/Sensor Identification PiezoSmart ............................................................................... 41

5.8TEDS Sensor Data and Reference Temperature .................................................................. 41

5.9Display of active Drift Compensation ................................................................................. 42

Content

5018A_002-490e-06.23 Page 3

5.10Low-Pass Filter .................................................................................................................... 42

5.11High-Pass Filter ................................................................................................................... 43

5.12Display of measuring value ................................................................................................. 43

5.13Mechanical Unit .................................................................................................................. 44

6.Additional menus ......................................................................................................................... 45

6.1Function Key Definition ...................................................................................................... 45

6.2Control Measuring Cycle .................................................................................................... 45

6.3Zero Error Adjustment ......................................................................................................... 46

6.4Store and Recall Instrument Settings ................................................................................... 47

6.5Signal dispaly ...................................................................................................................... 48

6.6Demo Mode ....................................................................................................................... 48

6.7Select Language .................................................................................................................. 48

6.8Display of Instrument Information ...................................................................................... 49

6.9Messages ............................................................................................................................ 49

6.10Communication RS-232C/USB Interface ............................................................................. 51

6.11TEDS Options/Scan Options ............................................................................................... 54

6.12TEDS Options/Set Default .................................................................................................. 55

7.Technical Data .............................................................................................................................. 56

7.1Charge Input ....................................................................................................................... 56

7.2Voltage/Piezotron Input...................................................................................................... 56

7.3Voltage Output ................................................................................................................... 57

7.4Frequency Response ........................................................................................................... 57

7.4.1Time constant (Short/Medium) ........................................................................................... 58

7.4.2Time constant (Long) .......................................................................................................... 58

7.4.3Drift Compensation (DrCo) ................................................................................................. 58

7.4.4Low-pass Filter .................................................................................................................... 59

7.5Remote Control .................................................................................................................. 61

7.6Data Communication .......................................................................................................... 62

7.7Power Supply Connection ................................................................................................... 63

7.8Environmental Data ............................................................................................................ 64

8.Maintenance and Diagnosis ......................................................................................................... 66

8.1Precautions ......................................................................................................................... 66

8.2Causes of Drift .................................................................................................................... 66

8.3Testing and Calibration ....................................................................................................... 68

8.3.1Instrument Test ................................................................................................................... 68

8.3.2Calibration .......................................................................................................................... 68

8.3.3Kistler Calibration Service .................................................................................................... 69

8.4Loading New Firmware ....................................................................................................... 69

8.5Fuse Replacement ............................................................................................................... 70

8.6Remote Control Connection ............................................................................................... 71

8.7RS-232C Cable ................................................................................................................... 72

8.8Extended Instruction Record of the RS-232C/USB Interfaces .............................................. 73

8.9Event Messages .................................................................................................................. 76

8.9.1Message format .................................................................................................................. 76

8.9.2Event messager from measure card ..................................................................................... 77

8.9.3Event messager from CPU .................................................................................................. 77

9.Declaration of Conformity Type 5018A… .................................................................................... 78

Index 79

Charge Amplifier Type 5018A...

Page 4 5018A_002-490e-06.23

1. Introduction

By choosing this Kistler quality product you have opted for

an instrument distinguished by technical innovation

precision and long life.

To the extent permitted by law Kistler does not accept any

liability if this instruction manual is not followed or

products other than those listed under Accessories are

used.

The amplifier Type 5018A... is an universal Charge

Amplifier with a liquid-crystal display. The technology

employed allows simple operation and offers many useful

functions in piezoelectric measurement. This instrument is

designed as successor to the well-known Charge Amplifier

Type 5011B..., and for use in research, development and

laboratory. As a 19"-rack module, however, it is also

suitable for measurements in an industrial environment. Its

impressive features are excellent technical specifications

and simplicity of operation.

The most important performance features at a glance:

 Single-channel charge amplifier

 Measuring range ±2 ... ±2 200 000 pC

 Drift Compensation (DrCo) for engine combustion

applications

 Multiple extended low pass filters

 Communication interfaces USB and RS-232C

 Dual mode with Piezotron input (option)

 Sensor Identification PiezoSmart (option)

 Automatic storage of sensor operating time and

working cycles*

 Compatible to all former Charge Amplifiers including

Type 5011B…

 Menu-driven user interface

*when using PiezoSmart sensors

Please study this instruction manual carefully so that you

can use the versatile characteristics of your new Charge

Amplifier to its best advantage.

Kistler offers a wide range of products for use in measuring

technology:

 Quartz crystal sensors for force, torque, strain, pressure,

acceleration, shock, vibration and acoustic emission

 Piezoresistive pressure sensors and transmitters

 Signal conditioners, indicators and calibrators

 Electronic control and monitoring systems as well as

application-specific software for measuring technology

Introduction

5018A_002-490e-06.23 Page 5

Kistler also develops and produces measuring solutions for

the application fields engines, vehicles, manufacturing,

plastics and biomechanics.

Our product and application brochures will provide you

with an overview of our product range.

If there are particular questions which you still want to

raise after studying this manual, the worldwide Kistler

customer service is available to you. The Kistler sales

centres are competent to advise you on problems in

particular applications.

Charge Amplifier Type 5018A...

Page 6 5018A_002-490e-06.23

2. Important Guidelines

It is essential for you to study the following information,

compliance with which is for your personal safety when

working with the Charge Amplifier and will ensure its long-

term, fault-free operation.

2.1 For your Safety

This system is built and tested in accordance with the

safety requirements for electronic measuring equipment

(EN Publication 61010-1); leaving the factory in perfect

condition and securely tested. In order to maintain this

condition and to ensure hazard-free operation, the user

must comply with the information and warning notes

contained in this manual and/or imprinted on the instru-

ment.

Compliance with local safety regulations which apply to

the use of power line operated electrical and electronic

equipment is recommended.

If there is evidence that safe operation is no longer

possible, the instrument must be shut off and made safe

against accidental start-up. Safe operation is no longer

possible,

 if the instrument shows visible signs of damage,

 if the instrument is no longer functioning,

 after lengthy storage under unsuitable conditions,

 after rough transport conditions.

If safe operation is no longer guaranteed as a result of the

reasons listed above, the instrument must be returned

immediately to the Kistler distributor for repair.

When opening covers or removing parts, except where this

is possible by hand, live parts may be exposed if the device

remains connected.

The instrument must be disconnected from all power

supplies before undertaking any alignment, maintenance,

repairs or exchange of parts.

Wherever possible, no alignment, maintenance or repair

work should be carried out on exposed live equipment. If,

nevertheless, work of this kind cannot be avoided, it must

be carried out only by a qualified technician, who is aware

of the dangers involved.

Important Guidelines

5018A_002-490e-06.23 Page 7

 Any interru

p

tion to the grounding conductor inside

or outside the instrument or disconnection of the

ground wire connection can make the instrument

dangerous. Intentional interruption is not permitted!

 The power plug must be plugged only into a socket

outlet with a grounding contact. The protective

effect must not be cancelled by the use of an

extension cable which has no a ground wire

connection.

 Defective fuses must be replaced only with the

corresponding types with the specified current rating

(refer to Sections 2.4 and 7.7). The use of "repaired"

fuses or the short-circuiting of the fuse holder is not

permitted.

 The grounding screw underneath the instrument

connects the power plug ground with the case. It

must not be removed.

2.2 Unpack

Please check all instrument packaging for any damage

sustained during transport. Report any such damage to the

transporters and to your Kistler distributor.

Before you get started, please check that your Charge

Amplifier package includes the items listed in Section 2.7. If

any parts are missing, contact your Kistler distributor

immediately.

2.3 Transportation and Storage

If the instrument is to be transported or stored for a

lengthy period, the following safety precautions must be

taken:

 The temperature must remain within the range of

–10 C and 60 C.

 All interface connectors (BNC and TRIAX) must be

covered with a dust cover which does not cause short-

circuits.

 Ensure that no dirt can enter the instrument.

 The environment should be as dry as possible and free

of vibrations.

 Store the instrument so that no pressure is placed on

either the front or back panel.

 The instrument should be stored in its original

packaging during any period when it is not in use.

Charge Amplifier Type 5018A...

Page 8 5018A_002-490e-06.23

2.4 Supply Voltage Select

Before first use, ensure that the line voltage and the supply

voltage set on the instrument are the same. The supply

voltage set is shown on the back of the instrument next to

the instrument socket

 230 V~ (for the voltage range 180 ... 264 V~)

 115 V~ (for the voltage range 90 ... 132 V~)

Changing the supply voltage setting

CAUTION!

 First disconnect the instrument from the power supply.

 Unscrew the two screws of the 'Charge Amplifier'

module at the back of the case and withdraw the

module.

 In order to adjust the requested voltage, it is

recommended to use a screwdriver to get access for

shifting the slide switch (behind the power switch and

under the metal cover plate).

 Re-assemble the instrument. Cover the inscription 'set

for ...' with the self-adhesive label supplied.

 The grounding screw underneath the instrument must

be inserted and tightened again.

2.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

The Charge Amplifier is CE-compliant. It complies with

safety requirements according to EN 61010-1 as well as

requirements for electromagnetic compatibility according to

EN 61326-1 (class A and class B).

When the EMC tests were carried out, the signal ground

was connected to the instrument case (protective ground).

This connection is provided as standard. The M2,5x5

grounding screw at the rear side of the instrument is used

for this purpose. The user can remove this connection at

any time by removing the screw to interrupt ground loops.

The common mode voltage must not exceed 25 V.

A flat connecting tab (6,3 mm) connected to the protective

ground is fitted at bottom right at the back of the case. In

the event of interference problems from ground loops, a

low impedance and low inductance equipotential bonding

conductor can be connected at this point.

Generally speaking, in the event of interference problems

caused by ground loops, tests are always needed to find

the best solution (see Section 4.3).

Display of without cover plate

Screwdriver

Important Guidelines

5018A_002-490e-06.23 Page 9

2.6 Tips for Using this Manual

We recommend you to read the entire instruction manual

carefully. However, if you are in a hurry and already have

experience with Kistler instruments, you can confine your-

self to reading the specific information needed.

We have attempted to give these instructions a simple

layout to make it easier for you to gain direct access to the

information you need. Please keep this instruction manual

in a safe place where you can retrieve them at any time.

If you lose the instruction manual, please contact your

Kistler distributors and ask them for a replacement.

Equipment modifications (conversions, upgrades etc.) usually

also result in amendments to the instruction manual. In this

case, contact your Kistler distributors for updating facilities for

your documentation.

Charge Amplifier Type 5018A...

Page 10 5018A_002-490e-06.23

2.7 Accessories Included

Charge Amplifier Type 5018A... with

 country-specific power cord

 USB connecting cable Type A to B; length 1,8m

Type 5.590.303

 plug for 'Remote Control' article number 5.510.305

 self-adhesive label with supply voltage details

 Instruction manual and CD-ROM with USB driver

 Calibration sheet

 adapter TRIAX neg. - BNC neg. Type 1704A1

(only for Type 5018A…1 and 5018A…3)

2.8 Optional Accessories

 RS-232C cable, l = 5 m, null-modem, DB-9P/DB-9S,

Type 1200A27

Important Guidelines

5018A_002-490e-06.23 Page 11

2.9 Manual Nomenclature

Below is a key to the indications and abbreviations used in

this handbook along with explanatory notes on the

meaning of special typefaces.

Abbreviation Definition

FS Full Scale

M.U. Mechanical Unit = Mechanical unit according to sensor

type used

Pressure bar, psi, kPa

Force  N, lbf

Strain  

Acceleration  m/s2, ft/s2

E.U. Electrical Unit = Elec

t

rical unit according to measurement

input

Charge  pC

Voltage  mV

p

C picoCoulomb = Unit of electrical charge

1 pC = 10–12 C

1 C = 1 As

mV milliVol

t

= Unit of voltage

b

p

s Bits

p

er second

s

p

s Sam

p

les

p

er second

RMS Index of a root mean s

q

uare value

Text indications Button or key designations are shown in s

q

uare

parentheses, e.g. [F], [Meas] or [Esc].

All labels on the instrument are shown in single quotation

marks, e.g. ‘Error‘, ‘Measure‘ or ‘Sensor‘.

All internal parameters are printed in italics.

Messages on the LC-display are printed in this typeface.

Special cautionary or warning notes to be observed

when using this instrument along with section titles and

headings are printed in bold.

Charge Amplifier Type 5018A...

Page 12 5018A_002-490e-06.23

2.10 Units of Measure

Units of measure are used to assign a value to physical

quantities. A system of units is a set of rules which dictates

how the unit of measure of every quantity used in natural

science and technology is determined in a consistent

manner. The system of units used worldwide today is the

International System of Units, in French Système

International d'Unités (SI). It was officially adopted at the

11th General Conference on Weights and Measures

(CGPM) in 1960. The SI has subsequently released a series

of standard systems of units, mainly applied in the various

fields of natural science, which has made the, at times,

complicated conversions between the different systems

superfluous.

The International System of Units differentiates between

two classes of units: Base Units and Derived Units.

The Base Units are

Unit Quantit

y

S

y

mbol

Mete

r

Kilogram

Second

Ampere

Kelvin

Mole

Candela

Length

Mass

Time

Electric current

Temperature

Amount of substance

Luminous intensity

m

kg

s

A

K

mol

cd

The derived units are obtained from these base units and

the same algebraic relationships (quantity equations) as

hold for the respective quantities in nature. An important

factor of the SI system of units is coherence, by which is

meant that derived units are defined by the multiplication

and/or division of the base units, without the need for any

numerical factors.

Important Guidelines

5018A_002-490e-06.23 Page 13

For the measurement of mechanical and electrical quanti-

ties the Charge Amplifier supports the following units:

Quantit

y

Set Unit SI Unit

Force 1 N

1 kN

1 MN

1 grf

1 kgf

1 lbf

1 N

103 N

106 N

9,80710–3 N

9,807 N

4,448 N

Pressure

1 ba

r

1 mbar

1 hPa

1 kPa

1 MPa

1 psi

105 N/m2

100 N/m2

103 N/m2

106 N/m2

6,895 N/m2

Acceleration 1 g

1 m/s2

1 ft/s2

9,807 m/s2

1 m/s2

0,3048 m/s2

Strain 1  10–6 m/m

Tor

q

ue 1 N·m

1 kN·m

1 N·cm

1 lbf-in

1 lbf-ft

1 N·m

103 N·m

0,01 N·m

0,1130 N·m

1,356 N·m

el. Charge 1

p

C 10–12 As

el. Voltage 1 mV 10–3 V

2.11 Piezoelectric Measurement Concept

High Impedance Sensors

Piezoelectric sensors convert mechanical quantities such as

pressure, force and acceleration directly into an electric

charge. The charge produced is proportional to the force

acting on the quartz crystal contained in the sensor. The

sensitivity of the sensor is stated in pC/M.U

Low Impedance Sensors (Piezotron Electronic)

In addition, an integrated amplifier circuit is included with

these sensors. This converts the high impedance charge

signal of the piezoelectric sensor element into a low

impedance voltage. These sensors are designated as Piezo-

tron, PiezoBeam or ICP1-compatible sensors. The sensitivity

of these sensors is stated in mV/M.U. The electronic circuit

is designed so that power supply and signal transmission

use the same two-pole cable. A standard coaxial cable can

be used to connect sensor and instrument. These sensors

are particularly suitable for long cables or in dirty areas

with high humidity.

1 Integrated Circuit Piezoelectric

F

Q

CT R

T

Charge Amplifier Type 5018A...

Page 14 5018A_002-490e-06.23

The use of these sensors is restricted to dynamic processes,

since CT is constantly discharged through RT. Time constant



and lower cut-off frequency fu are calculated using the

adjacent equations. The naturally wide measuring range

and the operating temperature of piezoelectric sensors is

restricted by the characteristics of the sensor integrated

electronic. The optional voltage input is required for the

connection of low impedance sensors.

Tips for the Piezoelectric Measurement Technique

When working with piezoelectric measuring instruments,

please note that they differ from other familiar electrical

measuring instruments. Different criteria apply than is the

case, for example, with customary current or voltage

measurement. When unpacking the sensors and the special

cables, make sure that their connectors remain clean and

dry to maintain a high insulation resistance. In particular,

Teflon insulators of all plug connections in the input circuit

must be kept absolutely clean and must not be touched

with the fingers. Any necessary cleaning must be carried

out with extremely clean cleaning materials, for example

the cleaning spray Type 1003 from Kistler or white spirit

together with a clean, lint-free paper tissue.

Special Highly Insulating Cables

Only low-noise special cables according to Kistler datasheet

1631C_000-346 and 1601B_000-352 must be used to

connect high impedance sensors. Standard commercially avai-

lable coaxial cables produce triboelectricity due to movement

and would therefore falsify the measuring results.

Connecting Piezoelectric Sensors in Parallel

When several sensors are connected in parallel, the charge

amplifier measures the sum of all charges. For example, the

four force measuring elements of a force plate can be

connected in parallel for measurement of the entire force.

Polarity

As defined by Kistler, an increase in pressure at the sensor

elements produces a negative charge. The Charge

Amplifier inverts the sensor signal and in this case

generates a positive read-out and output voltage.

Measuring Range

We recommend to set the largest measuring range at the

beginning of a measurement or also in the event of lengthy

stoppages. Normal overloads caused by high charge signals

will not damage the charge amplifier.

TT CR 







2

1

u

f

Important Guidelines

5018A_002-490e-06.23 Page 15

In case the charge exceeds at least 10-times the selected

as full scale value an unacceptably high voltage can be

generated. The magnitude of the voltage will depend on

the charge fed in, the total internal capacitance (sensor

and cable capacitance) and the range capacitor.

Measuring Modes

'DrCo (Engines)'

Drift compensation is only applicable for engine application

and is recommended to avoid any drift of the measuring

signal.

'Short' and 'Medium'

When making dynamic measurements of periodic or quasi-

periodic processes, it is best to select the 'Medium' or

'Short' measuring modes in order to prevent any drift.

'DC (Long)'

A switch must be made to 'DC (Long)' for quasi-static

measurements and calibration. In the 'DC (Long)' measur-

ing mode, depending on the instrument setting, both a

periodic and transient processes of up to several minutes

duration can be measured.

.

Measuring mode: DrCo (Engines)

Charge Amplifier Type 5018A...

Page 16 5018A_002-490e-06.23

0 100 200 300

0

1

1.5

0.5

x(t)

t

280 290 300

0

1

1.5

0.5

x(t)

t

01020

0

1

1.5

0.5

x(t)

t

Measuring mode: AC (Short,

Medium)

01020

0

1

1.5

0.5

x(t)

t

0 100 200 300

t

0

1

1.5

0.5

x(t)

280 290 300

0

1

1.5

0.5

x(t)

t

Measuring mode: DC (Long)

Important Guidelines

5018A_002-490e-06.23 Page 17

2.12 Drift Compensation of the Piezoelectric Amplifier Type 5018A…

The amplifier offers automatic compensation of the drift of

cylinder pressure signals from steady-state and transient

engine operation, and automatic switching of the method

off, for example for cold start tests.

The standard operating mode for cylinder pressure

measurements is Kistler's "Drift Compensation". Any drift

that occurs is continuously eliminated.

 using a time constant ('Short') when the engine is

stopped or running at under 100 1/min

 by the automatic drift compensation system at speeds

of 100 … 20 000 1/min

 Symbol indicates when drift compensation is

active

Kistler's automatic drift compensation ensures problem-free continuous

cylinder pressure analysis under all engine operating conditions

Function of the Drift Compensation

The signal from the charge amplifier is acquired digitally for

the digital drift compensation. The microprocessor calcula-

tes the drift over recent cycles and extrapolates its trend.

This anticipated drift is then fed back into the input of the

charge amplifier as reverse current. This avoids falsifying

either the phasing or the amplitude curve of the cylinder

pressure signal. Correct indication values can be calculated

from the signals of the charge amplifier.

Charge Amplifier Type 5018A...

Page 18 5018A_002-490e-06.23

If drift compensation is not possible or if no combustion

cycles are detected, the module automatically switches the

charge amplifier stage to the 'Short' mode. This is indicated

by the disappearing of the symbol. In this mode the

function still compensates for drift, but the signal is slightly

falsified (high-pass filter). The amplifier switches back to

drift compensation automatically when a combustion cycle

is detected.

For measuring cylinder pressure signals the amplifier can

always be operated with drift compensation switched

on. However, drift compensation cannot be applied to

other signals.

2.13 PiezoSmart Automatic Sensor Identification

PiezoSmart is an active system for the automatic

identification of individual pressure sensors. Based on the

IEEE 1451.4 standard, this is a "plug and measure" system

for automatic parameterization of measuring chains. In

addition, it offers functions for comprehensive monitoring

of data quality.

The core of PiezoSmart is a transducer electronic data sheet

(TEDS), incorporated into the plug of the sensor cable.

Page is loading ...

Kistler 5018A0000 Owner's manual

Kistler 5018A0000 Owner's manual

Related papers