Apple Final Cut Express HD User manual

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Final Cut Express HD
User Manual
K
Apple Computer, Inc.
© 2006 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.,
registered in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the
“keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial
purposes without the prior written consent of Apple
may constitute trademark infringement and unfair
competition in violation of federal and state laws.
Apple, the Apple logo, DVD Studio Pro, Final Cut,
Final Cut Pro, FireWire, iDVD, iMovie, Mac, Macintosh,
Mac OS, PowerBook, Power Mac, QuickTime, Soundtrack,
TrueType, and Xsan are trademarks of Apple Computer,
Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Cinema Tools, Finder, LiveType, and Pixlet are
trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
AppleCare is a service mark of Apple Computer, Inc.,
registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Adobe, After Effects, Photoshop, and PostScript are
trademarks or registered trademarks of Adobe Systems
Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries.
Helvetica is a registered trademark of Heidelberger
Druckmaschinen AG, available from Linotype Library
GmbH.
OpenGL is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics,
Inc.
Production stills from the films “Koffee House Mayhem
and “A Sus Ordenes” provided courtesy of Refuge Films.
“Koffee House Mayhem
© 2005 Jean-Paul Bonjour;
A Sus Ordenes”
© 2005 Eric Escobar.
http://www.refugefilms.com
3
1
Contents
Preface 25 Final Cut Express HD Documentation and Resources
25
Getting Started
25
Onscreen Help
26
Apple Websites
Part I An Introduction to Final Cut Express HD
Chapter 1 29 About the Post-Production Workflow
29
The Industry Workflow
30
The Post-Production Workflow
Chapter 2 35 Video Formats and Timecode
35
About Nonlinear and Nondestructive Editing
36
Video Formats Compatible With Final Cut Express HD
36
Audio Formats Compatible With Final Cut Express HD
36
Video Format Basics
Chapter 3 39 Understanding Projects, Clips, and Sequences
39
The Building Blocks of Projects
43
Working With Projects
47
About the Connection Between Clips and Media Files
49
Filenaming Considerations
Part II Learning About the Final Cut Express HD Interface
Chapter 4 55 Overview of the Final Cut Express HD Interface
55
Basics of Working in the Final Cut Express HD Interface
57
Using Keyboard Shortcuts, Buttons, and Shortcut Menus
59
Customizing the Interface
63
Undoing and Redoing Changes
64
Entering Timecode for Navigation Purposes
4
Contents
Chapter 5 65 Browser Basics
65
How You Use the Browser
66
Learning About the Browser
67
Working in the Browser
69
Using Columns in the Browser
70
Customizing the Browser Display
Chapter 6 79 Viewer Basics
79
How You Can Use the Viewer
80
Opening a Clip in the Viewer
82
Learning About the Viewer
83
Tabs in the Viewer
84
Transport (or Playback) Controls
85
Playhead Controls
87
Marking Controls
88
Zoom and View Pop-Up Menus
90
Recent Clips and Generator Pop-Up Menus
Chapter 7 91 Canvas Basics
91
How You Use the Canvas
92
Opening, Selecting, and Closing Sequences in the Canvas
93
Learning About the Canvas
94
Editing Controls in the Canvas
95
Transport (or Playback) Controls
96
Playhead Controls
98
Marking Controls
99
Zoom and View Pop-Up Menus
Chapter 8 101 Navigating and Using Timecode in the Viewer and Canvas
101
Navigating in the Viewer and Canvas
108
Working With Timecode in the Viewer and Canvas
Chapter 9 111 Timeline Basics
111
How You Use the Timeline
11 3
Opening and Closing Sequences in the Timeline
11 4
Learning About the Timeline
12 3
Changing Timeline Display Options
12 7
Navigating in the Timeline
12 8
Zooming and Scrolling in the Timeline
Contents
5
Chapter 10 135 Customizing the Interface
135
Changing Browser and Timeline Text Size
135
Moving and Resizing Final Cut Express HD Windows
137
Using Screen Layouts
13 9
Working With Shortcut Buttons and Button Bars
Part III Setting Up Your Editing System
Chapter 11 145 Connecting Your Equipment
145
Connecting Your Camcorder
146
Connecting an External Video Monitor and Audio Speakers
146
Opening Final Cut Express HD and Choosing Your Initial Settings
150
What Is FireWire?
151
What Is Device Control?
Chapter 12 153 Determining Your Hard Disk Storage Options
153
Working With Scratch Disks and Hard Disk Drives
153
Data Rates and Storage Devices
154
Determining How Much Space You Need
156
Choosing a Hard Disk
157
Types of Hard Disk Drives
Chapter 13 161 External Video Monitoring
161
Using an External Video Monitor While You Edit
162
Connecting DV/FireWire Devices to an External Monitor
163
Using Digital Cinema Desktop Preview
167
About the Display Quality of External Video
167
Troubleshooting External Video Monitoring Problems
Part IV Capturing and Importing
Chapter 14 171 Capturing Your Footage to Disk
171
Overview of the Capturing Process
172
Overview of the Capture Window
174
Transport Controls
174
Jog and Shuttle Controls
175
Marking Controls
175
Capture Tab
178
Capture Buttons
178
Preparing to Capture
178
Organizing and Labeling Your Tapes
179
Logging Your Tapes
6
Contents
180
Choosing a Filenaming Scheme
180
Determining How Much Disk Space You Need
181
Capturing Individual Clips in the Capture Window
185
Using Capture Now
187
Adding Markers to Clips in the Capture Window
188
Marker Controls in the Capture Window
188
Setting Markers
189
Recapturing Clips
189
Using Capture Project
191
About the Additional Items Found Dialog
192
Finding Your Media Files After Capture
192
Where Are Captured Media Files Stored?
193
Consolidating Media Files to One Folder
194
Modifying a Media Files Reel Name Property
195
Avoiding Duplicate Timecode Numbers on a Single Tape
196
Logging Tapes with Duplicate Timecode Numbers
196
Avoiding Multiple Occurrences of the Same Timecode Number on a Single Tape
Chapter 15 199 Importing Media Files Into Your Project
199
What File Formats Can Be Imported?
200
Importing Media Files
203
About Importing Video Files
204
About Importing Audio Files
Chapter 16 207 Working With HDV
207
About HDV
208
HDV Formats Supported by Final Cut Express HD
208
About MPEG-2 Compression
210
HDV Apple Intermediate Codec Editing Workflow
210
Connecting an HDV Device to Your Computer
211
Choosing an Easy Setup
211
Capturing HDV Video to the Apple Intermediate Codec
212
Editing Video Using the Apple Intermediate Codec
213
Outputting HDV to Tape or Exporting to a QuickTime Movie
214
HDV Format Specifications
Contents
7
Part V Organizing Footage and Preparing to Edit
Chapter 17 219 Organizing Footage in the Browser
219
Using Bins to Organize Your Clips
220
Creating New Bins
221
Opening Bins in the Browser
222
Opening Bins in a Separate Window or Tab
225
Moving Items Between Bins
227
Sorting Items in the Browser Using Column Headings
228
Searching for Clips in the Browser
228
About Search Options
231 Searching for Items in the Browser
233 Manipulating Items in the Find Results Window
Chapter 18 235 Using Markers
235 Learning About Markers
238 Working With Markers
Chapter 19 251 Creating Subclips
251 Learning About Subclips
254 Manually Breaking Large Clips Into Subclips
257 Automatically Creating Subclips Using DV Start/Stop Detection
Part VI Rough Editing
Chapter 20 261 Working With Projects, Clips, and Sequences
262 Working With Projects
262 Working With Multiple Projects in the Browser
262 Choosing Whether the Last Previously Opened Project Opens on Launch
262 Viewing and Changing the Properties of a Project
263 Backing Up and Restoring Projects
265 Learning About the Different Types of Clips
265 Types of Clips
266 Sequences as Clips
266 Viewing and Changing the Properties of a Clip
267 Changing Clip Properties in the Browser
268 Viewing and Changing Clip Properties in the Item Properties Window
269 Changing the Properties of Affiliate Clips
270 Creating and Working With Sequences
270 Creating and Deleting Sequences
271 Opening and Closing Sequences
272 Duplicating a Sequence
8 Contents
272 Copying a Sequence Into Another Project
273 Nesting a Sequence
273 Basic Sequence and Timeline Settings
Chapter 21 275 The Fundamentals of Adding Clips to a Sequence
275 Creating a Rough Edit
275 Basic Steps Involved in a Rough Edit
276 How Clips Appear in the Timeline
278 Undoing and Redoing Actions
278 Overview of Ways to Add Clips to a Sequence
278 Methods for Adding Clips to Sequences
280 Determining What Parts of Clips You Want in Your Sequence
280 Preparing a Sequence Order in the Browser
281 Sorting to Create a Sequence Order
281 Visually Storyboarding in the Browser
Chapter 22 283 Setting Edit Points for Clips and Sequences
283 About In and Out Points
284 Learning About the Out Point Inclusive Rule
285 Things to Keep in Mind When Setting an Out Point
286 Setting Clip In and Out Points in the Viewer
288 Specifying an Edit Point Using Timecode
289 Setting In and Out Points to Include a Whole Clip
289 Reviewing Your Edit Points
290 Setting Sequence In and Out Points in the Canvas or Timeline
291 Options for Setting Sequence In and Out Points
296 Setting Sequence In and Out Points
297 Setting In and Out Points to Match a Clip or Gap
298 Setting In and Out Points Based on a Selection in the Timeline
300 Navigating to In and Out Points
301 Moving In and Out Points
303 Clearing In and Out Points
Chapter 23 305 Working With Tracks in the Timeline
305 Adding and Deleting Tracks
306 Adding Tracks
308 Deleting Tracks
309 Specifying Destination Tracks in the Timeline
309 Understanding Source and Destination Controls
310 Setting Destination Tracks
311 Changing Source and Destination Control Connections
311 Disconnecting Source and Destination Controls
313 Resetting Destination Tracks to the Default State
Contents 9
314 Locking Tracks to Prevent Edits or Changes
315 Disabling Tracks to Hide Content During Playback
316 Customizing Track Display in the Timeline
316 Resizing Timeline Tracks
318 Creating a Static Region in the Timeline
Chapter 24 321 Drag-to-Timeline Editing
321 Overview of the Drag-to-Timeline Editing Process
322 Dragging Clips to the Timeline
323 Doing Simple Insert and Overwrite Edits in the Timeline
326 Automatically Adding Tracks to Your Sequence While Dragging
Chapter 25 329 Three-Point Editing
329 Understanding Three-Point Editing
329 Overview of the Three-Point Editing Process
330 Different Ways to Do Three-Point Editing
332 About Edit Types in the Edit Overlay
333 Performing the Different Types of Edits
333 Performing an Insert Edit
335 Performing an Insert With Transition Edit
336 Performing an Overwrite Edit
338 Performing an Overwrite With Transition Edit
339 Performing a Replace Edit
346 Superimposing Clips
348 Three-Point Editing Examples
348 Example: Editing a Specific Clip Into Your Sequence
350 Example: Editing a Clip Into a Gap in Your Sequence
352 Example: Backtiming a Clip Into Your Sequence
353 Example: Editing a Clip With No Specified In or Out Points Into Your Sequence
Chapter 26 355 Finding and Selecting Content in the Timeline
355 Understanding What’s Currently Selected
356 Identifying Selections in the Timeline
357 How Selections Are Prioritized in the Timeline
357 Direct Methods for Selecting Content in a Sequence
358 An Introduction to the Selection Tools
360 Selecting Clips
363 Selecting a Range of Timeline Content
364 Selecting All Clip Items on a Track
365 Selecting All Items on All Tracks Forward or Backward
367 Selecting or Deselecting All Clips in a Sequence
10 Contents
367 Finding and Selecting Based on Search Criteria
369 Selecting a Vertical Range Between In and Out Points
370 Using Auto Select to Specify Tracks for Selections
Chapter 27 373 Arranging Clips in the Timeline
373 Snapping to Points in the Timeline
375 Moving Items Within the Timeline
375 Moving by Dragging
376 Moving Clips Numerically
378 Performing Shuffle Edits
380 Copying and Pasting Clips in the Timeline
380 Copying Clips by Option-Dragging
382 Copying, Cutting, and Pasting Clips in the Timeline
385 Deleting Clips From a Sequence
385 Deleting With a Lift Edit (Leaving a Gap)
386 Deleting With a Ripple Edit (Leaving No Gap)
387 Finding and Closing Gaps
Chapter 28 391 Cutting Clips and Adjusting Durations
391 Performing Basic Cut Edits
395 Changing the Duration of Clips in the Timeline
396 Opening Sequence Clips in the Viewer to Change Durations
Chapter 29 397 Linking and Editing Video and Audio in Sync
397 Linked Sync Relationships Between Video and Audio Clips
398 When Linked Clips Are Moved Out of Sync
401 Understanding Sync Relationships Between Multiple Linked Audio Items
402 Linking and Unlinking Video and Audio Clip Items in the Timeline
402 Linking Video and Audio Clip Items
404 Unlinking Video and Audio Clip Items
405 Selecting Individual Clip Items While They Are Linked
406 Getting Clip Items Back in Sync
406 Moving a Clip Into Sync
408 Slipping a Clip Item Into Sync
409 Moving or Slipping All Clip Items Into Sync at Once
411 Establishing a Different Sync Relationship Between Linked Clip Items
411 Marking a Clip as In Sync
413 Learning About Linking Behavior in Audio Channel Pairs
Contents 11
Chapter 30 415 Split Edits
415 Learning About Split Edits
416 How Split Edits Look in the Viewer and Canvas
417 Setting Up Split Edit Points in the Viewer
418 Setting Up a Split Edit While Playing a Clip
419 Modifying and Clearing Split Edits
421 Split Edit Examples
Chapter 31 425 Audio Editing Basics
425 The Goals of Audio Editing
427 Using Waveform Displays to Help You Edit Audio
428 Learning About the Audio Controls in the Viewer
431 Editing Audio in the Viewer
431 Opening Audio Clips in the Viewer
432 Viewing Audio Tracks in the Viewer
432 Zooming In or Out of the Waveform Display Area
434 Scrolling Through a Zoomed-In Audio Clip
435 Using the J, K, and L Keys to Hear Subtle Details
435 Turning Off the Audio Scrubbing Sounds
435 About Setting Edit Points for Audio
436 Dragging an Audio Clip to the Canvas, Browser, or Timeline
436 Trimming Audio Clips in the Viewer
438 Editing Audio in the Timeline
438 Timeline Audio Display Options
440 Zooming In and Out of Waveforms in the Timeline
441 Moving Audio Items From One Track to Another at the Same Frame
442 Using Audio Transitions to Smooth Audible Changes
442 Creating or Separating Stereo Pairs
444 Working With Audio at the Subframe Level
444 Subframe Synchronization of Audio and Video
446 Examples of Ways to Easily Edit Audio
446 Example: Replacing Unwanted Audio With Room Tone
449 Example: Fixing Awkward Audio Cuts in the Timeline
Part VII Fine-Tuning Your Edit
Chapter 32 453 Performing Slip, Slide, Ripple, and Roll Edits
453 About Trimming With Slip, Slide, Ripple, and Roll Tools
453 Sliding Clips in the Timeline
455 Performing Slide Edits by Dragging
456 Performing Precise Slide Edits Numerically
457 Slipping Clips in the Timeline
12 Contents
458 Performing a Slip Edit Using the Slip Tool
459 Performing Precise Slip Edits Numerically
461 Using the Ripple Tool to Trim an Edit Without Leaving a Gap
462 Performing Ripple Edits
466 About Ripple Edits and Sync Relationships of Clip Items on Other Tracks
468 Doing Ripple Edits on Multiple Tracks at Once
468 Asymmetrical Trimming With the Ripple Tool
470 Using the Roll Tool to Change Where a Cut Occurs
471 Rolling the Position of an Edit Between Two Clips
Chapter 33 477 Learning About Trimming Clips
477 What Is Trimming?
479 Controls That Affect Trim Edits
480 Selecting Edits and Clips to Trim
481 Tools for Selecting Edit Points
482 Selecting Single Edit Points
482 Selecting Multiple Edit Points
483 Trimming Clip In and Out Points
483 Trimming With the Selection Tool
485 Extending and Shortening Clips in the Timeline
486 Trimming Clips in the Viewer
487 Precision Editing Using Timecode
491 Understanding Alert Messages When Trimming
Chapter 34 493 Trimming Clips Using the Trim Edit Window
493 Learning About the Trim Edit Window
495 Opening and Closing the Trim Edit Window
496 Controls in the Trim Edit Window
500 Using the Trim Edit Window
501 Playing Incoming and Outgoing Clips in the Trim Edit Window
501 Dynamic Trimming
501 Trimming an Edit in the Trim Edit Window
504 Reviewing and Playing Back Your Edits in the Trim Edit Window
504 Slipping a Clip in the Trim Edit Window
505 Listening to Audio While Trimming
Chapter 35 507 Adding Transitions
507 Learning About Transitions
508 Common Types of Transitions
509 Using Transitions in Your Sequences
509 How Transitions Appear in the Timeline
510 Having Handles at Edit Points
510 Aligning a Transition in the Timeline
Contents 13
511 Adding Transitions
511 Adding Transitions With Clips You Add to the Timeline
512 Quickly Adding the Default Transition to Clips in Your Sequence
513 Adding Transitions to Clips in Your Sequence
515 Moving, Copying, and Deleting Transitions
516 Moving a Transition to Another Edit Point
516 Copying and Pasting Transitions
517 Deleting Transitions
517 Modifying Transitions in the Timeline
517 Changing the Duration of a Transition in the Timeline
519 Changing the Alignment of a Transition in the Timeline
519 Changing an Edit Point After Adding a Transition
520 Replacing Transitions
520 Video Transitions That Come With Final Cut Express HD
524 Using After Effects Transitions
Chapter 36 525 Refining Transitions Using the Transition Editor
525 Using the Transition Editor
532 Applying a Modified Transition Directly to a Sequence in the Timeline
532 Trimming Transitions and the Surrounding Clips
536 Previewing and Rendering Transitions
Chapter 37 539 Sequence to Sequence Editing
539 Methods for Editing Clips From One Sequence to Another
540 Opening More Than One Sequence at a Time
540 Copying Clips From One Sequence to Another
544 Nesting Sequences
547 Editing the Content of One Sequence Into Another Without Nesting It
Chapter 38 551 Matching Frames
551 Working With Sequence Clips in the Viewer
552 Opening a Sequence Clip in the Viewer
553 Switching Between the Viewer, Canvas, and Timeline
553 Using the Viewer to Adjust Sequence Clip In and Out Points
554 Using the Viewer to Adjust Motion and Filter Parameters
554 Matching Frames Between Sequence and Master Clips
555 Matching a Frame in the Canvas to Its Master Clip
555 Matching a Frame in the Canvas to Its Media File
556 Matching a Frame in the Viewer to a Sequence Clip in the Canvas or Timeline
14 Contents
Chapter 39 557 Working With Timecode
557 About Timecode in Final Cut Express HD
557 Displaying Timecode Affected by Speed Changes
558 Clip Time Versus Source Time
558 Changing Global Timecode Display Options
Part VIII Audio Mixing
Chapter 40 561 Overview of Audio Mixing
561 Audio Finishing Features in Final Cut Express HD
562 Overview of Audio Sweetening in Final Cut Express HD
565 Making the Final Mix
Chapter 41 567 Setting Up Audio Equipment
567 Choosing External Audio Monitoring Components
568 Choosing an Audio Interface
569 Choosing Speakers and an Amplifier for Monitoring
570 Setting Up a Proper Audio Monitoring Environment
572 Audio Cables, Connectors, and Signal Levels
572 About Balanced Audio Signals
574 Microphone, Instrument, and Line Level
574 Audio Connectors
576 Configuring External Audio Monitors
576 Connecting Speakers to Your Editing System
577 Setting Monitoring Levels and Muting System Sound Effects
Chapter 42 579 Audio Fundamentals
579 What Is Sound?
580 Fundamentals of a Sound Wave
581 Frequency Spectrum of Sounds
582 Measuring Sound Intensity
584 Signal-to-Noise Ratio
584 Headroom and Distortion
585 Dynamic Range
586 Stereo Audio
588 Digital Audio
589 Sample Rate
590 Bit Depth
Contents 15
Chapter 43 593 Audio Levels, Meters, and Output Channels
593 About Audio Meters
593 Average and Peak Audio Levels
594 Average Versus Peak Audio Meters
595 Analog Versus Digital Meters
596 About Audio Meters in Final Cut Express HD
597 Avoiding Audio Clipping
598 Setting Proper Audio Levels
598 Setting Levels for Capture
598 What Reference Level Should You Use for Mixing?
600 Outputting Bars and Tone at the Head of Your Tape
600 Stereo Versus Dual Mono Audio
Chapter 44 601 Mixing Audio in the Timeline and Viewer
601 Adjusting Audio Levels in the Timeline
605 Changing Audio Levels in the Viewer
607 Panning Audio in the Timeline and Viewer
607 Panning Audio in the Timeline
608 Changing the Pan of Audio in the Viewer
608 Changing Pan for an Entire Clip
609 Copying, Pasting, and Removing Audio Attributes
610 Adjusting Clip Levels and Pan Using Keyframes
610 Tools for Adjusting Keyframes
611 Creating, Modifying, and Deleting Keyframes in the Viewer
Chapter 45 623 Using the Voice Over Tool
623 About the Voice Over Tool
624 Setting Up Your Computer to Record Voiceover
627 Controls in the Voice Over Tool
631 Defining the Recording Duration and Destination Track
636 Recording a Voiceover
Chapter 46 639 Using Audio Filters
639 About Audio Filters
640 Overview of Audio Filters
640 Equalization (EQ) Filters
642 Compression
643 Expansion
644 Noise Reduction Filters
645 Echo and Reverb Filters
16 Contents
647 Working With Audio Filters
648 Applying Filters to an Audio Clip
650 Modifying and Removing Filters
651 Making Real-Time Audio Filter Adjustments
Chapter 47 653 Tips for Better Audio
653 Learning to Describe Sound Accurately
654 Efficiently Using the Frequency Spectrum
654 Tips for Cutting Dialogue
658 Tips for Cutting Music
660 Organizing Your Tracks
Part IX Effects
Chapter 48 663 Video Filters
663 Different Ways to Use Filters
664 Applying a Filter to a Clip
666 Applying Multiple Filters to Clips
667 Viewing and Adjusting a Filters Parameters
673 Displaying Filter Bars in the Timeline
673 Enabling and Rearranging Filters
674 Copying and Pasting a Clip’s Filters
675 Removing Filters From Clips
676 Video Filters Available in Final Cut Express HD
Chapter 49 689 Changing Motion Parameters
689 Creating Motion Effects in the Viewer
690 Adjusting Parameters in the Motion Tab
695 Using Cartesian Geometry to Position Clips
697 Examples Using Motion Settings
707 Creating Motion Effects in the Canvas
707 Choosing a Wireframe Mode
708 Manipulating Images in the Canvas
709 Zooming In to the Canvas
710 Using Wireframe Handles to Transform, Scale, and Rotate
Chapter 50 719 Adjusting Parameters for Keyframed Effects
719 Animating Motion Effects Using Keyframes
720 How Keyframing Works
721 Determining the Number of Keyframes to Use
722 Keyframing Tools in Final Cut Express HD
723 Setting Keyframes
724 Adjusting and Deleting Keyframes
Contents 17
725 Moving Between Keyframes
731 Adjusting All Opacity Keyframes of a Clip
731 Smoothing Keyframes With Bezier Handles
732 Understanding Bezier Handles and Curves
734 Smoothing Keyframes
735 Creating Keyframed Motion Paths in the Canvas
735 What Are Motion Paths?
736 Creating Motion Paths
737 Adding, Moving, and Deleting Keyframes in Motion Paths
738 Creating Curved Motion Paths Using Bezier Handles
740 Controlling Speed Along a Motion Path
743 Moving an Entire Motion Path in the Canvas
Chapter 51 745 Reusing Effect and Motion Parameters
745 Copying and Pasting Specific Clip Attributes
746 About the Paste Attributes Dialog
747 Copying and Pasting Clip Attributes
748 Removing Attributes From a Clip
749 Applying Filters Across Multiple Tracks at Once
Chapter 52 751 Changing Clip Speed
751 Speed Basics
752 How Changing Speed Affects a Clip’s Duration
752 Performing a Fit to Fill Edit
755 Speed Settings
755 Frame Blending and Reverse Speed
757 Making Speed Changes
Chapter 53 759 Working With Still Images and Photographs
759 Using Still Images and Graphics in Your Sequences
760 Creating Freeze Frame Stills From a Video Clip
761 Considerations Before Creating and Importing Stills
769 Changing the Duration of Still Images
Chapter 54 775 Compositing and Layering
775 Introduction to Compositing and Layering
776 Methods of Compositing
776 Different Ways to Layer Clips in the Timeline
777 Adjusting Opacity Levels of Clips
780 Working With Composite Modes
780 How Composite Modes Affect Images
781 Applying Composite Modes to Clips
782 Composite Modes in Final Cut Express HD
792 Using Travel Mattes to Hide or Reveal Parts of a Clip
18 Contents
794 Working With Layered Photoshop Files
794 What Happens When You Import a Multilayered Photoshop File
796 Using Video and Graphics Clips With Alpha Channels
797 Types of Alpha Channels Recognized in Final Cut Express HD
798 Working With Clips That Have Alpha Channels
799 Importing Clips With Alpha Channels
799 Changing a Clips Alpha Channel Type
801 Changing Canvas and Viewer Background Colors
802 Temporarily Excluding Clips From Playback or Output
803 Temporarily Disabling a Single Clip
804 Soloing Clips in Multitrack Sequences
Chapter 55 805 Keying, Mattes, and Masks
805 Ways to Layer and Isolate Elements in Clips
805 What Are Mattes and How Can You Use Them?
806 What Is Keying and How Can You Use It?
807 What Are Masks and How Are They Used?
808 Using Keying to Isolate Foreground Elements
808 Shooting Footage That Keys Well
810 Overview of Compositing Using the Chroma Keyer Filter
813 Working With the Chroma Keyer Filter
822 Using Mattes to Add or Modify Alpha Channels
822 Matte Filters Available in Final Cut Express HD
824 Using Masks to Replace or Modify Alpha Channels
824 Mask Filters Available in Final Cut Express HD
Chapter 56 827 Color Correcting Clips
827 What Is Color Correction?
828 Why Color Correct Your Footage?
829 Color Correction Starts During Your Shoot
830 Measuring and Evaluating Video
830 Luma (Luminance)
831 Chrominance (Chroma)
832 Whites
832 Illegal Broadcast Levels
833 The Color Correction Process
835 Looking at the Picture
836 Using the Color Corrector Filter
837 The Color Corrector Filter
837 General Controls
837 Color Balance Controls
838 The Color Corrector Filter Controls
844 Hue Matching Controls in the Color Corrector
Contents 19
Chapter 57 849 Using Built-in Generated Clips
849 What Is a Generator Clip?
850 Different Ways to Use Generators in Your Sequence
851 Graphical Video and Audio Generators Available in Final Cut Express HD
853 Creating and Adding Generated Clips to Sequences
Chapter 58 855 Creating Titles
855 How You Can Use Titles in Your Project
856 Installing and Choosing Fonts
856 Making Sure Titles Fit on TV Screens
857 Text Generators Available in Final Cut Express HD
858 Creating and Adding a Title Clip
862 Other Options for Creating and Adding Titles
Part X Real Time and Rendering
Chapter 59 865 Using RT Extreme
865 Introduction to Real-Time Processing Using RT Extreme
866 How Many Effects Can Be Played in Real Time?
870 Available Real-Time Effects
871 Display Quality and Accuracy of RT Extreme
871 Using Real-Time Controls in Final Cut Express HD
872 About Render Status Bars
873 Identifying Which Effects Can Be Processed in Real Time
873 Setting Real-Time Playback Options
876 Real-Time Audio Mixing in Final Cut Express HD
876 Improving Real Time Audio Performance
Chapter 60 877 Rendering
877 What Is Rendering?
878 Reasons for Rendering
879 Render Indicators in Final Cut Express HD
879 About Render Status Bars in the Timeline
882 About Item-Level Render Bars
883 The Rendering Process
883 Rendering Effects in Sequences
885 Commands for Rendering Effects
887 Rendering One or More Sequences
888 Rendering Part of a Sequence
889 Rendering Audio Items in a Sequence
889 Using the Mixdown Command
890 Temporarily Disabling Rendering
20 Contents
891 Auto-Rendering While You Are Away From Your Computer
892 Changing Settings in the Render Control Tab
893 Preserving Render Files
894 Tips for Avoiding Unnecessary Rendering
895 Reducing Render Time
Part XI Project Management and Settings
Chapter 61 899 Media Management
899 What Is Media Management?
900 Reasons to Manage your Media
901 What You Need to Know to Manage Your Media
901 Media Management Steps in Final Cut Express HD
902 Strategies for Media Management
Chapter 62 903 Backing Up and Restoring Projects
903 Backing Up and Restoring Projects
903 Using the Revert Project Command
904 Using the Autosave Feature
906 Restoring Autosaved Projects
907 Opening a Project File After Your Computer Is Unexpectedly Powered Off
907 Archiving Completed Projects
908 Creating an Archive of a Finished Project
909 Updating Projects From Previous Versions of Final Cut Express HD
Chapter 63 911 Elements of a Final Cut Express HD Project
911 About Clips, Media Files, and Sequences
915 About Icons and Project Elements in the Browser
916 Clip Properties
Chapter 64 921 Working With Master and Affiliate Clips
921 Using Master and Affiliate Clips
922 How Master Clips Connect to Media Files
922 Identifying Master Clips
923 Creating Master and Affiliate Clips
925 Breaking the Relationship Between an Affiliated Clip and Its Master
926 Independent Clips
928 Using Keyboard Shortcuts to Modify Master-Affiliate Relationships
929 Finding a Clips Master Clip
929 Master-Affiliate Relationships With Subclips and Freeze Frames
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