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Surmandal Plectrum
The “Surmandal” programs are the plectrum picked Surmandal from C1 to G4 with all notes and half
notes sampled. The mappings are E2 to G5 , the G5 is stretched to C6 and E2 is stretched down to C2.
Every note has been sampled in 4 velocity layers and has 4 samples for every layer, these have been
programmed as “round robin” for the Kontakt and EXS24 programs. The HALi on programs have all
samples mapped as velocity layers instead, a total of 16 velocity layers.
Surmandal Thaats
A Thaat is a musical mode in Hindustani music which always has seven notes (excluding the repeated
tonic) and is considered the basis for the system of organizing and classifying ragas in North Indian
classical music.
Each thaat contains a different combination of altered and natural notes. The flattening or sharpening
of pitches always occurs with reference to the interval pattern in Bilawal Thaat (the major scale). It is
important to note that, as in the Western church modes, each Thaat is a series of inte rv als, not a
series of n o t e s . That is, one can arbitrarily designate any pitch as C (the tonic) and build the series
from there. Many different ragas can originate from each Thaat (also called father raga)
There are ten generally accepted Thaats, all included in the Indian Surmandal SampleSet:
1. Bilawal (Ionian mode) = C D E F G A B C. This is a morning raga and its pictorial descriptions
create a rich, sensuous ambience in consonance with its performance.
Ragas in Bilawal: Deskar, Haunsdhwani, Bilawal, etc.
2. Khamaj (Mixolydian mode) = C D E F G A Bb C. The ragas of this thaat are full of romanticism
and sensuality, and are considered to be “flirtatious” ragas.
Ragas in Khamaj: Rageshree, Jhinjhoti, Des, Tilak Kamod, Jaijaiwanti, Khambavati, etc.
3. Kafi (Dorian mode) = C D Eb F G A Bb C. This is one of the oldest ragas and it is performed in
late evening. It is said to convey the mood of spring time.
Ragas in Kafi: Dhanashree, Dhani, Bhimpalasi, Pilu, Megh Malhar, Bageshree etc.
4. Asavari (Aeolian mode) = C D Eb F G Ab Bb C. Is full of renunciation and sacrifice as well as
pathos. It is best suited for late morning.
Ragas in Asavari: Asavari, Desi, Darbari, Adana, Jaunpuri etc.
5. Bhairavi (Phrygian mode) = C Db E F G Ab Bb C.It is filled with devotion and compassion, and is
performed early in the morning in a peaceful, serious and occasionally sad mood.
Ragas in Bhairavi: Malkauns, Bilaskhani Todi, Bhupali Todi, Kaunsi Kanada etc.