Dell Networking Configuration Guide for the
C9010 Series
Version 9.11(0.0)
Notes, Cautions, and Warnings
NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your computer.
CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoid the problem.
WARNING: A WARNING indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or death.
© 2016 Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. This product is protected by U.S. and international copyright and intellectual property laws. Dell and
the Dell logo are trademarks of Dell Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of
their respective companies.
2016 - 12
Rev. A00
Contents
1 About this Guide...........................................................................................................................................35
Audience........................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Conventions......................................................................................................................................................................35
Related Documents......................................................................................................................................................... 35
2 Configuration Fundamentals........................................................................................................................36
Accessing the Command Line........................................................................................................................................36
CLI Modes.........................................................................................................................................................................36
Navigating CLI Modes...............................................................................................................................................38
The do Command............................................................................................................................................................. 41
Undoing Commands........................................................................................................................................................ 42
Obtaining Help..................................................................................................................................................................42
Entering and Editing Commands................................................................................................................................... 42
Command History............................................................................................................................................................43
Filtering show Command Outputs.................................................................................................................................44
Multiple Users in Configuration Mode...........................................................................................................................45
3 Getting Started........................................................................................................................................... 46
Console Access................................................................................................................................................................46
Serial Console............................................................................................................................................................. 47
Mounting an NFS File System........................................................................................................................................48
Important Points to Remember............................................................................................................................... 48
Default Configuration...................................................................................................................................................... 49
Configuring a Host Name............................................................................................................................................... 49
Accessing the System Remotely...................................................................................................................................50
Accessing the System Remotely.............................................................................................................................50
Configure the Management Port IP Address.........................................................................................................50
Configure a Management Route............................................................................................................................. 50
Configuring a Username and Password.................................................................................................................. 51
Configuring the Enable Password.................................................................................................................................. 51
Manage Configuration Files.............................................................................................................................................51
File Storage.................................................................................................................................................................52
Copy Files to and from the System.........................................................................................................................52
Save the Running-Configuration............................................................................................................................. 53
Configure the Overload Bit for a Startup Scenario...............................................................................................54
Viewing Files...............................................................................................................................................................54
Changes in Configuration Files................................................................................................................................ 55
Viewing Command History.............................................................................................................................................55
Upgrading the Dell Networking OS............................................................................................................................... 55
4 Switch Management....................................................................................................................................57
Configuring Privilege Levels........................................................................................................................................... 57
Contents
3
Creating a Custom Privilege Level...........................................................................................................................57
Removing a Command from EXEC Mode.............................................................................................................. 57
Moving a Command from EXEC Privilege Mode to EXEC Mode....................................................................... 57
Allowing Access to CONFIGURATION Mode Commands................................................................................... 58
Allowing Access to the Following Modes............................................................................................................... 58
Applying a Privilege Level to a Username...............................................................................................................59
Applying a Privilege Level to a Terminal Line......................................................................................................... 60
Configuring Logging........................................................................................................................................................ 60
Audit and Security Logs............................................................................................................................................60
Configuring Logging Format .................................................................................................................................. 62
Setting Up a Secure Connection to a Syslog Server............................................................................................ 62
Track Login Activity.........................................................................................................................................................64
Restrictions for Tracking Login Activity..................................................................................................................64
Configuring Login Activity Tracking........................................................................................................................ 64
Display Login Statistics............................................................................................................................................. 64
Limit Concurrent Login Sessions................................................................................................................................... 66
Restrictions for Limiting the Number of Concurrent Sessions............................................................................66
Configuring Concurrent Session Limit.................................................................................................................... 66
Enabling the System to Clear Existing Sessions.................................................................................................... 67
Enabling Secured CLI Mode........................................................................................................................................... 67
Log Messages in the Internal Buffer............................................................................................................................. 68
Configuration Task List for System Log Management.........................................................................................68
Disabling System Logging...............................................................................................................................................68
Sending System Messages to a Syslog Server............................................................................................................68
Configuring a UNIX System as a Syslog Server.................................................................................................... 69
Display the Logging Buffer and the Logging Configuration....................................................................................... 69
Changing System Logging Settings.............................................................................................................................. 70
Configuring a UNIX Logging Facility Level................................................................................................................... 70
Synchronizing Log Messages..........................................................................................................................................71
Enabling Timestamp on Syslog Messages.................................................................................................................... 72
File Transfer Services......................................................................................................................................................72
Configuration Task List for File Transfer Services.................................................................................................72
Enabling the FTP Server........................................................................................................................................... 73
Configuring FTP Server Parameters....................................................................................................................... 73
Configuring FTP Client Parameters.........................................................................................................................73
Terminal Lines...................................................................................................................................................................74
Denying and Permitting Access to a Terminal Line............................................................................................... 74
Configuring Login Authentication for Terminal Lines............................................................................................75
Setting Time Out of EXEC Privilege Mode...................................................................................................................75
Using Telnet to Access Another Network Device....................................................................................................... 76
Lock CONFIGURATION Mode.......................................................................................................................................77
Viewing the Configuration Lock Status...................................................................................................................77
Recovering from a Forgotten Password ......................................................................................................................78
Ignoring the Startup Configuration and Booting from the Factory-Default Configuration....................................78
Recovering from a Failed Start...................................................................................................................................... 79
4
Contents
Restoring Factory-Default Settings...............................................................................................................................79
Important Point to Remember................................................................................................................................. 79
Restoring Factory-Default Boot Environment Variables...................................................................................... 80
Using Hashes to Verify Software Images Before Installation..................................................................................... 81
Verifying System Images on C9010 Components....................................................................................................... 82
When System Images on C9010 Components Do Not Match............................................................................ 83
Manually Resetting the System Image on a C9010 Component......................................................................... 83
Logging in to the Virtual Console of a C9010 Component...................................................................................84
Booting the C9010 from an Image on a Network Server..................................................................................... 84
Configuring C9010 Components to Boot from the RPM CP Image...................................................................84
5 802.1X......................................................................................................................................................... 86
The Port-Authentication Process..................................................................................................................................88
EAP over RADIUS......................................................................................................................................................89
Configuring 802.1X.......................................................................................................................................................... 90
Related Configuration Tasks.................................................................................................................................... 90
Important Points to Remember..................................................................................................................................... 90
Enabling 802.1X.................................................................................................................................................................91
Configuring dot1x Profile ................................................................................................................................................93
Configuring MAC addresses for a do1x Profile............................................................................................................ 93
Configuring the Static MAB and MAB Profile .............................................................................................................94
Configuring Critical VLAN ..............................................................................................................................................95
Configuring Request Identity Re-Transmissions......................................................................................................... 95
Configuring a Quiet Period after a Failed Authentication...........................................................................................96
Forcibly Authorizing or Unauthorizing a Port............................................................................................................... 97
Re-Authenticating a Port................................................................................................................................................98
Configuring Dynamic VLAN Assignment with Port Authentication.......................................................................... 98
Guest and Authentication-Fail VLANs.......................................................................................................................... 99
Configuring a Guest VLAN......................................................................................................................................100
Configuring an Authentication-Fail VLAN..............................................................................................................101
Configuring Timeouts...............................................................................................................................................102
Multi-Host Authentication.............................................................................................................................................103
Configuring Multi-Host AuthenticationConfiguring Single-Host Authentication.............................................104
Multi-Supplicant Authentication...................................................................................................................................105
Configuring Multi-Supplicant AuthenticationRestricting Multi-Supplicant Authentication............................106
MAC Authentication Bypass.........................................................................................................................................107
MAB in Single-host and Multi-Host Mode............................................................................................................ 107
MAB in Multi-Supplicant Authentication Mode....................................................................................................108
Configuring MAC Authentication Bypass..............................................................................................................108
Dynamic CoS with 802.1X.............................................................................................................................................109
6 Access Control Lists (ACLs)........................................................................................................................111
IP Access Control Lists (ACLs)......................................................................................................................................111
CAM Usage................................................................................................................................................................112
User-Configurable CAM Allocation.........................................................................................................................113
Allocating CAM for Ingress ACLs on the Port Extender......................................................................................113
Contents
5
Allocating CAM for Egress ACLs on the Port Extender...................................................................................... 115
Implementing ACLs ..................................................................................................................................................116
IP Fragment Handling..................................................................................................................................................... 117
IP Fragments ACL Examples................................................................................................................................... 117
Layer 4 ACL Rules Examples................................................................................................................................... 118
Configure a Standard IP ACL........................................................................................................................................ 119
Configuring a Standard IP ACL Filter.....................................................................................................................120
Configure an Extended IP ACL.....................................................................................................................................120
Configuring Filters with a Sequence Number........................................................................................................121
Configuring Filters Without a Sequence Number................................................................................................ 122
Configure Layer 2 and Layer 3 ACLs...........................................................................................................................122
Using ACL VLAN Groups...............................................................................................................................................123
Guidelines for Configuring ACL VLAN Groups..................................................................................................... 123
Configuring an ACL VLAN Group...........................................................................................................................124
Allocating ACL VLAN CAM.....................................................................................................................................125
Applying an IP ACL to an Interface..............................................................................................................................125
Applying Ingress ACLs on the Port Extender....................................................................................................... 126
Applying Egress ACLs.............................................................................................................................................. 127
Applying Layer 3 Egress ACLs on Control-Plane Traffic.....................................................................................127
Counting ACL Hits....................................................................................................................................................128
IP Prefix Lists..................................................................................................................................................................128
Implementation Information.................................................................................................................................... 128
Configuration Task List for Prefix Lists................................................................................................................. 129
ACL Resequencing.........................................................................................................................................................132
Resequencing an ACL or Prefix List...................................................................................................................... 133
Route Maps.....................................................................................................................................................................134
Implementation Information.................................................................................................................................... 134
Important Points to Remember....................................................................................................................................134
Configuration Task List for Route Maps............................................................................................................... 134
Configuring Match Routes...................................................................................................................................... 137
Configuring Set Conditions..................................................................................................................................... 138
Configure a Route Map for Route Redistribution................................................................................................ 139
Configure a Route Map for Route Tagging.......................................................................................................... 139
Continue Clause........................................................................................................................................................140
Configuring a UDF ACL................................................................................................................................................. 140
Hot-Lock Behavior......................................................................................................................................................... 142
7 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)..................................................................................................143
How BFD Works.............................................................................................................................................................143
BFD Packet Format................................................................................................................................................. 144
BFD Sessions............................................................................................................................................................ 145
BFD Three-Way Handshake................................................................................................................................... 146
Session State Changes............................................................................................................................................148
Important Points to Remember....................................................................................................................................148
Configure BFD................................................................................................................................................................ 148
Configure BFD for Physical Ports.......................................................................................................................... 149
6
Contents
Configure BFD for Static Routes...........................................................................................................................150
Configure BFD for OSPF.........................................................................................................................................153
Configure BFD for OSPFv3.................................................................................................................................... 156
Configure BFD for IS-IS...........................................................................................................................................157
Configure BFD for BGP...........................................................................................................................................160
Configure BFD for VRRP........................................................................................................................................ 166
Configuring Protocol Liveness................................................................................................................................169
8 Border Gateway Protocol IPv4 (BGPv4).................................................................................................... 170
Autonomous Systems (AS)...........................................................................................................................................170
Sessions and Peers.........................................................................................................................................................172
Establish a Session................................................................................................................................................... 172
Route Reflectors.............................................................................................................................................................173
Communities..............................................................................................................................................................174
BGP Attributes................................................................................................................................................................174
Best Path Selection Criteria....................................................................................................................................174
Weight........................................................................................................................................................................176
Local Preference...................................................................................................................................................... 176
Multi-Exit Discriminators (MEDs)...........................................................................................................................177
Origin..........................................................................................................................................................................178
AS Path......................................................................................................................................................................178
Next Hop................................................................................................................................................................... 179
Multiprotocol BGP..........................................................................................................................................................179
Implement BGP ..............................................................................................................................................................179
Additional Path (Add-Path) Support..................................................................................................................... 179
Advertise IGP Cost as MED for Redistributed Routes........................................................................................180
Ignore Router-ID for Some Best-Path Calculations............................................................................................ 180
Four-Byte AS Numbers........................................................................................................................................... 180
AS4 Number Representation...................................................................................................................................181
AS Number Migration.............................................................................................................................................. 182
BGP4 Management Information Base (MIB)....................................................................................................... 184
Important Points to Remember..............................................................................................................................184
Configuration Information............................................................................................................................................. 185
BGP Configuration......................................................................................................................................................... 185
Enabling BGP............................................................................................................................................................ 186
Configuring AS4 Number Representations...........................................................................................................189
Configuring Peer Groups.........................................................................................................................................190
Configuring BGP Fast Fail-Over.............................................................................................................................193
Configuring Passive Peering................................................................................................................................... 194
Maintaining Existing AS Numbers During an AS Migration.................................................................................195
Allowing an AS Number to Appear in its Own AS Path.......................................................................................196
Enabling Neighbor Graceful Restart...................................................................................................................... 197
Filtering on an AS-Path Attribute...........................................................................................................................197
Regular Expressions as Filters................................................................................................................................ 198
Redistributing Routes............................................................................................................................................. 200
Enabling Additional Paths....................................................................................................................................... 200
Contents
7
Configuring IP Community Lists.............................................................................................................................201
Configuring an IP Extended Community List.......................................................................................................202
Filtering Routes with Community Lists.................................................................................................................203
Manipulating the COMMUNITY Attribute............................................................................................................203
Changing MED Attributes...................................................................................................................................... 205
Changing the LOCAL_PREFERENCE Attribute................................................................................................. 205
Configuring the local System or a Different System to be the Next Hop for BGP-Learned Routes...........206
Changing the WEIGHT Attribute...........................................................................................................................206
Enabling Multipath...................................................................................................................................................207
Filtering BGP Routes...............................................................................................................................................207
Filtering BGP Routes Using Route Maps............................................................................................................. 208
Filtering BGP Routes Using AS-PATH Information.............................................................................................209
Configuring BGP Route Reflectors........................................................................................................................210
Aggregating Routes................................................................................................................................................. 210
Configuring BGP Confederations............................................................................................................................211
Enabling Route Flap Dampening..............................................................................................................................211
Changing BGP Timers..............................................................................................................................................214
Enabling BGP Neighbor Soft-Reconfiguration..................................................................................................... 214
Enabling or disabling BGP neighbors..................................................................................................................... 215
Route Map Continue................................................................................................................................................217
Enabling MBGP Configurations.................................................................................................................................... 217
BGP Regular Expression Optimization.........................................................................................................................218
Debugging BGP.............................................................................................................................................................. 218
Storing Last and Bad PDUs.................................................................................................................................... 219
Capturing PDUs.......................................................................................................................................................220
PDU Counters...........................................................................................................................................................221
Sample Configurations...................................................................................................................................................221
9 Content Addressable Memory (CAM)....................................................................................................... 230
CAM Allocation.............................................................................................................................................................. 230
Test CAM Usage........................................................................................................................................................... 232
View CAM-ACL Settings..............................................................................................................................................232
View CAM Usage...........................................................................................................................................................233
Return to the Default CAM Configuration................................................................................................................. 233
CAM Optimization......................................................................................................................................................... 234
Applications for CAM Profiling.....................................................................................................................................234
LAG HashingLAG Hashing Based on Bidirectional Flow.....................................................................................234
Unified Forwarding Table (UFT) Modes.....................................................................................................................234
Configuring UFT Modes......................................................................................................................................... 235
10 Control Plane Policing (CoPP)................................................................................................................. 236
CoPP Implementation................................................................................................................................................... 236
Protocol-based Control Plane Policing................................................................................................................. 236
Queue-based Control Plane Policing.....................................................................................................................236
CoPP Example............................................................................................................................................................... 238
Configure Control Plane Policing.................................................................................................................................239
8
Contents
Configuring CoPP for Protocols............................................................................................................................239
Examples of Configuring CoPP for Protocols......................................................................................................240
Configuring CoPP for CPU Queues.......................................................................................................................241
Examples of Configuring CoPP for CPU Queues................................................................................................242
Displaying CoPP Configuration..............................................................................................................................243
Troubleshooting CoPP Operation................................................................................................................................246
Enabling CPU Traffic Statistics............................................................................................................................. 246
Viewing CPU Traffic Statistics.............................................................................................................................. 246
Troubleshooting CPU Packet Loss........................................................................................................................247
Viewing Per-Protocol CoPP Counters..................................................................................................................248
Viewing Per-Queue CoPP Counters......................................................................................................................251
11 Data Center Bridging (DCB)..................................................................................................................... 252
Enabling Data Center Bridging.....................................................................................................................................252
Ethernet Enhancements in Data Center Bridging.....................................................................................................253
Priority-Based Flow Control...................................................................................................................................254
Enhanced Transmission Selection.........................................................................................................................255
Data Center Bridging Exchange Protocol (DCBx)..............................................................................................256
Data Center Bridging in a Traffic Flow................................................................................................................. 256
QoS dot1p Traffic Classification and Queue Assignment......................................................................................... 257
SNMP Support for PFC and Buffer Statistics Tracking...........................................................................................257
DCB Maps and its Attributes....................................................................................................................................... 258
DCB Map: Configuration Procedure..................................................................................................................... 258
Important Points to Remember.............................................................................................................................259
Applying a DCB Map on a Port..............................................................................................................................259
Configuring PFC without a DCB Map...................................................................................................................260
Configuring Lossless Queues.................................................................................................................................260
Applying a DCB Map on a Line Card......................................................................................................................261
Data Center Bridging: Default Configuration............................................................................................................. 262
Configuration Notes: PFC and ETS in a DCB Map................................................................................................... 262
PFC Configuration Notes....................................................................................................................................... 262
ETS Configuration Notes........................................................................................................................................263
ETS Prerequisites and Restrictions.......................................................................................................................264
Priority-Group Configuration Notes......................................................................................................................264
Configuring Priority-Based Flow Control....................................................................................................................264
Configuring Lossless Queues.................................................................................................................................265
Configuring Enhanced Transmission Selection..........................................................................................................266
Creating an ETS Priority Group............................................................................................................................. 266
ETS Operation with DCBx......................................................................................................................................267
Configure a DCBx Operation........................................................................................................................................267
DCBx Operation.......................................................................................................................................................268
DCBx Port Roles......................................................................................................................................................268
DCB Configuration Exchange................................................................................................................................ 269
Configuration Source Election............................................................................................................................... 270
Propagation of DCB Information........................................................................................................................... 270
Auto-Detection and Manual Configuration of the DCBx Version...................................................................... 271
Contents
9
Behavior of Tagged Packets...................................................................................................................................271
Configuration Example for DSCP and PFC Priorities..........................................................................................272
DCBx Example..........................................................................................................................................................272
DCBx Prerequisites and Restrictions.................................................................................................................... 273
Configuring DCBx.................................................................................................................................................... 274
Verifying the DCB Configuration................................................................................................................................. 277
Performing PFC Using DSCP Bits Instead of 802.1p Bits........................................................................................ 287
PFC and ETS Configuration Examples........................................................................................................................287
Using PFC and ETS to Manage Data Center Traffic................................................................................................288
PFC and ETS Configuration Command Examples.............................................................................................. 289
Using PFC and ETS to Manage Converged Ethernet Traffic........................................................................... 289
Hierarchical Scheduling in ETS Output Policies...................................................................................................290
Priority-Based Flow Control Using Dynamic Buffer Method...................................................................................290
Pause and Resume of Traffic.................................................................................................................................290
Buffer Sizes for Lossless or PFC Packets............................................................................................................ 291
Configuring the Dynamic Buffer Method....................................................................................................................291
12 Debugging and Diagnostics...................................................................................................................... 293
Offline Diagnostics.........................................................................................................................................................293
Running Port Extender Offline Diagnostics on the Switch................................................................................293
Running Offline Diagnostics on a Standalone Switch.........................................................................................300
TRACE Logs...................................................................................................................................................................320
Auto Save on Reload, Crash, or Rollover.............................................................................................................. 321
Uploading Trace Logs.............................................................................................................................................. 321
Last Restart Reason.......................................................................................................................................................321
show hardware Commands..........................................................................................................................................322
Environmental Monitoring............................................................................................................................................ 324
Displaying Port Extender Environment Information ...........................................................................................324
Display Power Supply Status................................................................................................................................. 324
Display Fan Status...................................................................................................................................................325
Display Transceiver Type........................................................................................................................................325
Recognize an Over-Temperature Condition........................................................................................................ 327
Troubleshoot an Over-Temperature Condition................................................................................................... 328
Troubleshooting Packet Loss.......................................................................................................................................330
Displaying Drop Counters....................................................................................................................................... 330
Displaying Dataplane Statistics...............................................................................................................................331
Displaying Line-Card Counters...............................................................................................................................333
Accessing Application Core Dumps.............................................................................................................................333
Mini Core Dumps........................................................................................................................................................... 334
Full Kernel Core Dumps................................................................................................................................................ 335
Enabling TCP Dumps.................................................................................................................................................... 335
Accessing Port Extender Core and Mini Core Dumps..............................................................................................336
13 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).........................................................................................337
DHCP Packet Format and Options............................................................................................................................. 337
Assign an IP Address using DHCP...............................................................................................................................339
10
Contents
Implementation Information......................................................................................................................................... 340
Configure the System to be a DHCP Server.............................................................................................................340
Configuring the Server for Automatic Address Allocation..................................................................................341
Specifying a Default Gateway................................................................................................................................342
Configure a Method of Hostname Resolution..................................................................................................... 342
Using DNS for Address Resolution........................................................................................................................342
Using NetBIOS WINS for Address Resolution..................................................................................................... 343
Creating Manual Binding Entries............................................................................................................................343
Debugging the DHCP Server................................................................................................................................. 343
Using DHCP Clear Commands...............................................................................................................................344
Configure the System to be a Relay Agent................................................................................................................344
Configure the System to be a DHCP Client...............................................................................................................346
DHCP Client on a Management Interface............................................................................................................346
DHCP Client Operation with Other Features...................................................................................................... 346
Configure Secure DHCP...............................................................................................................................................347
Option 82.................................................................................................................................................................. 347
DHCP Snooping.......................................................................................................................................................348
Drop DHCP Packets on Snooped VLANs Only................................................................................................... 350
Dynamic ARP Inspection......................................................................................................................................... 351
Configuring Dynamic ARP Inspection................................................................................................................... 352
Source Address Validation............................................................................................................................................353
Enabling IP Source Address Validation................................................................................................................. 353
DHCP MAC Source Address Validation................................................................................................................354
Enabling IP+MAC Source Address Validation......................................................................................................354
Viewing the Number of SAV Dropped Packets...................................................................................................354
Clearing the Number of SAV Dropped Packets.................................................................................................. 355
14 Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP)................................................................................................................356
ECMP for Flow-Based Affinity.................................................................................................................................... 356
Enabling Deterministic ECMP Next Hop..............................................................................................................356
Configuring the Hash Algorithm Seed.................................................................................................................. 356
Link Bundle Monitoring........................................................................................................................................... 357
Managing ECMP Group Paths.....................................................................................................................................357
Creating an ECMP Group Bundle................................................................................................................................358
Modifying the ECMP Group Threshold...................................................................................................................... 358
BGP Multipath Operation with Link Bankwidth.........................................................................................................359
Dynamic Re-calculation of Link Bankwidth................................................................................................................360
Weighted ECMP for Static Routes..............................................................................................................................361
ECMP Support in L3 Host and LPM Tables............................................................................................................... 361
15 FCoE Transit............................................................................................................................................ 362
Fibre Channel over Ethernet........................................................................................................................................362
Ensure Robustness in a Converged Ethernet Network............................................................................................362
FIP Snooping on Ethernet Bridges..............................................................................................................................364
FIP Snooping in a Switch Stack...................................................................................................................................366
Using FIP Snooping....................................................................................................................................................... 366
Contents
11
FIP Snooping Prerequisites.................................................................................................................................... 366
Important Points to Remember.............................................................................................................................366
Enabling the FCoE Transit Feature....................................................................................................................... 367
Enable FIP Snooping on VLANs.............................................................................................................................367
Configure the FC-MAP Value................................................................................................................................ 367
Configure a Port for a Bridge-to-Bridge Link...................................................................................................... 368
Configure a Port for a Bridge-to-FCF Link.......................................................................................................... 368
Impact on Other Software Features.....................................................................................................................368
FIP Snooping Restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 368
Configuring FIP Snooping.............................................................................................................................................369
Displaying FIP Snooping Information...........................................................................................................................370
FCoE Transit Configuration Example..........................................................................................................................375
16 FIPS Cryptography...................................................................................................................................377
Configuration Tasks.......................................................................................................................................................377
Preparing the System....................................................................................................................................................377
Enabling FIPS Mode...................................................................................................................................................... 378
Generating Host-Keys...................................................................................................................................................378
Monitoring FIPS Mode Status......................................................................................................................................378
Disabling FIPS Mode......................................................................................................................................................379
17 Flex Hash and Optimized Boot-Up............................................................................................................380
Flex Hash Capability Overview.................................................................................................................................... 380
Configuring the Flex Hash Mechanism.......................................................................................................................380
LACP Fast Switchover.................................................................................................................................................. 381
Configuring LACP Fast Switchover.............................................................................................................................381
LACP................................................................................................................................................................................381
LACP Fast Switchover............................................................................................................................................ 381
RDMA Over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) Overview................................................................................................381
Sample Configurations..................................................................................................................................................383
................................................................................................................................................................................... 383
Preserving 802.1Q VLAN Tag Value for Lite Subinterfaces.....................................................................................386
18 Force10 Resilient Ring Protocol (FRRP)...................................................................................................387
Protocol Overview.........................................................................................................................................................387
Ring Status...............................................................................................................................................................388
Multiple FRRP Rings............................................................................................................................................... 388
Important FRRP Points...........................................................................................................................................389
Implementing FRRP.................................................................................................................................................389
Important FRRP Concepts.....................................................................................................................................390
FRRP Configuration.......................................................................................................................................................391
Creating the FRRP Group.......................................................................................................................................391
Configuring the Control VLAN................................................................................................................................391
Configuring and Adding the Member VLANs.......................................................................................................392
Setting the FRRP Timers........................................................................................................................................393
Clearing the FRRP Counters..................................................................................................................................394
12
Contents
Viewing the FRRP Configuration...........................................................................................................................394
Viewing the FRRP Information.............................................................................................................................. 394
Troubleshooting FRRP..................................................................................................................................................394
Configuration Checks..............................................................................................................................................394
Sample Configuration and Topology...........................................................................................................................395
FRRP Support on VLT.................................................................................................................................................. 396
Example Scenario.....................................................................................................................................................397
Important Points to Remember.............................................................................................................................398
19 GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP)............................................................................................. 399
Important Points to Remember...................................................................................................................................399
Configure GVRP............................................................................................................................................................400
Related Configuration Tasks..................................................................................................................................400
Enabling GVRP Globally.................................................................................................................................................401
Enabling GVRP on a Layer 2 Interface........................................................................................................................ 401
Configure GVRP Registration.......................................................................................................................................401
Configure a GARP Timer.............................................................................................................................................. 402
20 High Availability (HA).............................................................................................................................. 403
High Availability on Chassis.......................................................................................................................................... 403
High Availability in a PE Stack......................................................................................................................................403
Online Insertion and Removal.......................................................................................................................................404
RPM Online Insertion.............................................................................................................................................. 404
Line Card Online Insertion...................................................................................................................................... 404
Pre-configuring a Slot for a Line-Card Type........................................................................................................404
Replacing a Line Card............................................................................................................................................. 405
Hitless Behavior.............................................................................................................................................................405
Graceful Restart............................................................................................................................................................ 406
Software Resiliency.......................................................................................................................................................406
System Health Monitoring......................................................................................................................................406
Failure and Event Logging......................................................................................................................................406
Trace Log..................................................................................................................................................................406
Core Dumps..............................................................................................................................................................407
System Log...............................................................................................................................................................407
Control Plane Redundancy...........................................................................................................................................407
Control-Plane Failover.............................................................................................................................................407
RPM Synchronization............................................................................................................................................. 408
Forcing an RPM Failover........................................................................................................................................ 408
Specifying an Auto-Failover Limit..........................................................................................................................409
Disabling Auto-Reboot............................................................................................................................................409
21 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)......................................................................................... 410
IGMP Implementation Information...............................................................................................................................410
IGMP Protocol Overview.............................................................................................................................................. 410
IGMP Version 2.........................................................................................................................................................410
IGMP Version 3.........................................................................................................................................................412
Contents
13
Configure IGMP..............................................................................................................................................................415
Related Configuration Tasks...................................................................................................................................415
Viewing IGMP Enabled Interfaces................................................................................................................................416
Selecting an IGMP Version........................................................................................................................................... 416
Viewing IGMP Groups................................................................................................................................................... 416
Enabling IGMP Immediate-Leave................................................................................................................................. 417
IGMP Snooping...............................................................................................................................................................417
IGMP Snooping Implementation Information........................................................................................................417
Configuring IGMP Snooping....................................................................................................................................417
Removing a Group-Port Association..................................................................................................................... 418
Disabling Multicast Flooding....................................................................................................................................419
Specifying a Port as Connected to a Multicast Router.......................................................................................419
Configuring the Switch as Querier.........................................................................................................................419
Fast Convergence after MSTP Topology Changes..................................................................................................420
Designating a Multicast Router Interface...................................................................................................................420
22 Interfaces.................................................................................................................................................421
Basic Interface Configuration....................................................................................................................................... 421
Advanced Interface Configuration............................................................................................................................... 421
Port Numbering............................................................................................................................................................. 422
Interface Types..............................................................................................................................................................425
View Basic Interface Information................................................................................................................................ 425
Resetting an Interface to its Factory Default State...................................................................................................431
Enabling a Physical Interface........................................................................................................................................432
Physical Interfaces.........................................................................................................................................................432
Port Pipes................................................................................................................................................................. 432
Setting the Speed of Ethernet Interfaces............................................................................................................432
Configuration Task List for Physical Interfaces...................................................................................................433
Overview of Layer Modes...................................................................................................................................... 433
Configuring Layer 2 (Data Link) Mode................................................................................................................. 434
Configuring Layer 2 (Interface) Mode..................................................................................................................434
Configuring Layer 3 (Network) Mode.................................................................................................................. 435
Configuring Layer 3 (Interface) Mode..................................................................................................................435
Egress Interface Selection (EIS)................................................................................................................................. 436
Important Points to Remember.............................................................................................................................436
Configuring EIS........................................................................................................................................................ 436
Management Interfaces................................................................................................................................................437
Configuring a Dedicated Management Interface ............................................................................................... 437
Configuring a Management Interface on an Ethernet Port............................................................................... 438
Port Extender Interfaces..............................................................................................................................................439
VLAN Interfaces............................................................................................................................................................ 439
Loopback Interfaces......................................................................................................................................................440
Null Interfaces................................................................................................................................................................440
Port Channel Interfaces.................................................................................................................................................441
Port Channel Definition and Standards................................................................................................................. 441
Port Channel Benefits..............................................................................................................................................441
14
Contents
Port Channel Implementation................................................................................................................................. 441
10/40 Gbps Interfaces in Port Channels.............................................................................................................. 442
Configuration Tasks for Port Channel Interfaces................................................................................................442
Creating a Port Channel......................................................................................................................................... 442
Adding a Physical Interface to a Port Channel.................................................................................................... 443
Reassigning an Interface to a New Port Channel............................................................................................... 445
Configuring the Minimum Oper Up Links in a Port Channel.............................................................................. 445
Adding or Removing a Port Channel from a VLAN.............................................................................................446
Assigning an IP Address to a Port Channel..........................................................................................................446
Deleting or Disabling a Port Channel.....................................................................................................................446
Load Balancing Through Port Channels................................................................................................................447
Changing the Hash Algorithm................................................................................................................................ 447
Bulk Configuration......................................................................................................................................................... 448
Interface Range....................................................................................................................................................... 448
Bulk Configuration Examples..................................................................................................................................448
Defining Interface Range Macros................................................................................................................................450
Define the Interface Range....................................................................................................................................450
Choosing an Interface-Range Macro....................................................................................................................450
Monitoring and Maintaining Interfaces.......................................................................................................................450
Maintenance Using TDR..........................................................................................................................................451
Displaying Traffic Statistics on HiGig Ports............................................................................................................... 452
Link Bundle Monitoring................................................................................................................................................. 452
Monitoring HiGig Link Bundles.....................................................................................................................................453
Guidelines for Monitoring HiGig Link-Bundles .................................................................................................... 454
Enabling HiGig Link-Bundle Monitoring................................................................................................................ 454
Non Dell-Qualified Transceivers.................................................................................................................................. 455
Splitting QSFP Ports to SFP+ Ports...........................................................................................................................456
Converting a QSFP or QSFP+ Port to an SFP or SFP+ Port........................................................................... 456
Configuring wavelength for 10–Gigabit SFP+ optics............................................................................................... 457
Link Dampening............................................................................................................................................................. 458
Important Points to Remember.............................................................................................................................458
Enabling Link Dampening........................................................................................................................................458
Using Ethernet Pause Frames for Flow Control........................................................................................................460
Threshold Settings.................................................................................................................................................. 460
Enabling Pause Frames............................................................................................................................................461
Configure the MTU Size on an Interface.................................................................................................................... 461
Auto-Negotiation on Ethernet Interfaces...................................................................................................................462
Set Auto-Negotiation Options............................................................................................................................... 463
Provisioning Combo Ports............................................................................................................................................463
View Advanced Interface Information........................................................................................................................ 464
Configuring the Interface Sampling Size..............................................................................................................465
Configuring the Traffic Sampling Size Globally..........................................................................................................466
Dynamic Counters......................................................................................................................................................... 467
Clearing Interface Counters................................................................................................................................... 467
23 Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)..........................................................................................................469
Contents
15
Configuring IPSec .........................................................................................................................................................469
24 IPv4 Routing.............................................................................................................................................471
IP Addresses....................................................................................................................................................................471
Implementation Information.................................................................................................................................... 471
Configuration Tasks for IP Addresses.........................................................................................................................472
Assigning IP Addresses to an Interface.......................................................................................................................472
Configuring Static Routes............................................................................................................................................ 473
Configure Static Routes for the Management Interface..........................................................................................474
Enabling Directed Broadcast........................................................................................................................................474
Resolution of Host Names............................................................................................................................................475
Enabling Dynamic Resolution of Host Names............................................................................................................475
Specifying the Local System Domain and a List of Domains................................................................................... 475
Configuring DNS with Traceroute...............................................................................................................................476
ARP..................................................................................................................................................................................477
Configuration Tasks for ARP..................................................................................................................................477
Configuring Static ARP Entries..............................................................................................................................477
Configuring ARP Inspection Trust.........................................................................................................................478
Configuring ARP Timeout.......................................................................................................................................478
Enabling Proxy ARP.................................................................................................................................................479
Clearing ARP Cache................................................................................................................................................ 479
ARP Learning via Gratuitous ARP......................................................................................................................... 479
Enabling ARP Learning via Gratuitous ARP......................................................................................................... 480
ARP Learning via ARP Request.............................................................................................................................480
Configuring ARP Retries..........................................................................................................................................481
ICMP................................................................................................................................................................................ 481
Configuration Tasks for ICMP................................................................................................................................ 481
Enabling ICMP Unreachable Messages.................................................................................................................481
25 IPv6 Routing............................................................................................................................................483
Protocol Overview.........................................................................................................................................................483
Extended Address Space........................................................................................................................................484
Stateless Autoconfiguration...................................................................................................................................484
IPv6 Headers............................................................................................................................................................484
IPv6 Header Fields...................................................................................................................................................485
Extension Header Fields..........................................................................................................................................487
IPv6 Addressing.......................................................................................................................................................488
IPv6 Implementation on the Dell Networking OS......................................................................................................489
Configuring the LPM Table for IPv6 Extended Prefixes..........................................................................................490
ICMPv6...........................................................................................................................................................................490
Path MTU Discovery......................................................................................................................................................491
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery...............................................................................................................................................491
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery of MTU Packets.......................................................................................................... 492
Configuring the IPv6 Recursive DNS Server.......................................................................................................492
Secure Shell (SSH) Over an IPv6 Transport............................................................................................................. 494
Configuration Tasks for IPv6....................................................................................................................................... 494
16
Contents
Adjusting Your CAM Profile....................................................................................................................................494
Assigning an IPv6 Address to an Interface.......................................................................................................... 495
Assigning a Static IPv6 Route................................................................................................................................496
Configuring Telnet with IPv6................................................................................................................................. 496
SNMP over IPv6......................................................................................................................................................496
Displaying IPv6 Information....................................................................................................................................497
Displaying an IPv6 Configuration........................................................................................................................... 497
Displaying IPv6 Routes........................................................................................................................................... 498
Displaying the Running Configuration for an Interface.......................................................................................499
Clearing IPv6 Routes...............................................................................................................................................499
Configuring IPv6 RA Guard..........................................................................................................................................500
Configuring IPv6 RA Guard on an Interface........................................................................................................ 502
Monitoring IPv6 RA Guard..................................................................................................................................... 502
26 Intermediate System to Intermediate System......................................................................................... 503
IS-IS Protocol Overview...............................................................................................................................................503
IS-IS Addressing............................................................................................................................................................ 503
Multi-Topology IS-IS..................................................................................................................................................... 504
Transition Mode.......................................................................................................................................................504
Interface Support.................................................................................................................................................... 505
Adjacencies.............................................................................................................................................................. 505
Graceful Restart............................................................................................................................................................505
Timers....................................................................................................................................................................... 505
Implementation Information.........................................................................................................................................505
Configuration Information............................................................................................................................................ 506
Configuration Tasks for IS-IS.................................................................................................................................507
Configuring the Distance of a Route..................................................................................................................... 514
Changing the IS-Type..............................................................................................................................................515
Redistributing IPv4 Routes......................................................................................................................................517
Redistributing IPv6 Routes..................................................................................................................................... 518
Configuring Authentication Passwords.................................................................................................................519
Setting the Overload Bit..........................................................................................................................................519
Debugging IS-IS.......................................................................................................................................................520
IS-IS Metric Styles......................................................................................................................................................... 521
Configure Metric Values................................................................................................................................................521
Maximum Values in the Routing Table..................................................................................................................522
Change the IS-IS Metric Style in One Level Only............................................................................................... 522
Leaks from One Level to Another......................................................................................................................... 523
Sample Configurations..................................................................................................................................................524
27 iSCSI Optimization...................................................................................................................................527
iSCSI Optimization Overview.......................................................................................................................................527
Default iSCSI Optimization Values.............................................................................................................................. 529
iSCSI Optimization Prerequisites.................................................................................................................................530
Configuring iSCSI Optimization................................................................................................................................... 530
Displaying iSCSI Optimization Information................................................................................................................. 532
Contents
17
Enable and Disable iSCSI Optimization.......................................................................................................................533
Synchronizing iSCSI Sessions Learned on VLT-Lags with VLT-Peer.....................................................................534
Monitoring iSCSI Traffic Flows....................................................................................................................................534
Information Monitored in iSCSI Traffic Flows............................................................................................................534
Detection and Auto-Configuration for Dell EqualLogic Arrays................................................................................ 535
Configuring Detection and Ports for Dell Compellent Arrays.................................................................................. 535
Application of Quality of Service to iSCSI Traffic Flows.......................................................................................... 536
28 Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)..............................................................................................537
Introduction to Dynamic LAGs and LACP.................................................................................................................. 537
Important Points to Remember............................................................................................................................. 537
LACP Modes............................................................................................................................................................ 538
Configuring LACP Commands...............................................................................................................................538
LACP Configuration Tasks........................................................................................................................................... 539
Creating a LAG........................................................................................................................................................ 539
Configuring the LAG Interfaces as Dynamic........................................................................................................539
Setting the LACP Long Timeout........................................................................................................................... 540
Monitoring and Debugging LACP..........................................................................................................................540
Shared LAG State Tracking.......................................................................................................................................... 541
Configuring Shared LAG State Tracking...............................................................................................................541
Important Points about Shared LAG State Tracking..........................................................................................543
LACP Basic Configuration Example............................................................................................................................ 543
Configure a LAG on ALPHA...................................................................................................................................543
29 Layer 2.....................................................................................................................................................551
Manage the MAC Address Table................................................................................................................................. 551
Clearing the MAC Address Table...........................................................................................................................551
Setting the Aging Time for Dynamic Entries........................................................................................................ 551
Configuring a Static MAC Address....................................................................................................................... 552
Displaying the MAC Address Table....................................................................................................................... 552
MAC Learning Limit.......................................................................................................................................................552
Setting the MAC Learning Limit............................................................................................................................553
mac learning-limit Dynamic.................................................................................................................................... 553
mac learning-limit mac-address-sticky.................................................................................................................553
mac learning-limit station-move............................................................................................................................ 554
mac learning-limit no-station-move...................................................................................................................... 554
Learning Limit Violation Actions.............................................................................................................................554
Setting Station Move Violation Actions................................................................................................................554
Recovering from Learning Limit and Station Move Violations.......................................................................... 555
Disabling MAC Address Learning on the System................................................................................................555
NIC Teaming.................................................................................................................................................................. 556
Configure Redundant Pairs.......................................................................................................................................... 557
Important Points about Configuring Redundant Pairs........................................................................................559
Far-End Failure Detection............................................................................................................................................ 560
FEFD State Changes............................................................................................................................................... 561
Configuring FEFD.................................................................................................................................................... 562
18
Contents
Enabling FEFD on an Interface.............................................................................................................................. 562
Debugging FEFD......................................................................................................................................................563
30 Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP).................................................................................................... 565
802.1AB (LLDP) Overview...........................................................................................................................................565
Protocol Data Units.................................................................................................................................................565
Optional TLVs................................................................................................................................................................ 566
Management TLVs..................................................................................................................................................566
TIA-1057 (LLDP-MED) Overview............................................................................................................................... 568
TIA Organizationally Specific TLVs....................................................................................................................... 568
Configure LLDP..............................................................................................................................................................572
Related Configuration Tasks.................................................................................................................................. 572
Important Points to Remember............................................................................................................................. 572
LLDP Compatibility..................................................................................................................................................573
CONFIGURATION versus INTERFACE Configurations............................................................................................573
Enabling LLDP................................................................................................................................................................574
Disabling and Undoing LLDP.................................................................................................................................. 574
Enabling LLDP on Management Ports........................................................................................................................574
Disabling and Undoing LLDP on Management Ports..........................................................................................574
Advertising TLVs............................................................................................................................................................575
Viewing the LLDP Configuration................................................................................................................................. 576
Viewing Information Advertised by Adjacent LLDP Agents..................................................................................... 577
Configuring LLDPDU Intervals.....................................................................................................................................578
Configuring Transmit and Receive Mode................................................................................................................... 578
Configuring a Time to Live........................................................................................................................................... 579
Debugging LLDP............................................................................................................................................................580
Relevant Management Objects...................................................................................................................................580
31 Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)......................................................................................... 586
Protocol Overview........................................................................................................................................................ 586
Anycast RP.....................................................................................................................................................................587
Implementation Information......................................................................................................................................... 588
Configure Multicast Source Discovery Protocol....................................................................................................... 588
Related Configuration Tasks..................................................................................................................................588
Enable MSDP.................................................................................................................................................................592
Manage the Source-Active Cache..............................................................................................................................593
Viewing the Source-Active Cache........................................................................................................................ 593
Limiting the Source-Active Cache........................................................................................................................ 593
Clearing the Source-Active Cache........................................................................................................................594
Enabling the Rejected Source-Active Cache.......................................................................................................594
Accept Source-Active Messages that Fail the RFP Check.....................................................................................594
Specifying Source-Active Messages.......................................................................................................................... 598
Limiting the Source-Active Messages from a Peer.................................................................................................. 599
Preventing MSDP from Caching a Local Source......................................................................................................599
Preventing MSDP from Caching a Remote Source................................................................................................. 600
Preventing MSDP from Advertising a Local Source.................................................................................................600
Contents
19
Logging Changes in Peership States...........................................................................................................................601
Terminating a Peership..................................................................................................................................................601
Clearing Peer Statistics................................................................................................................................................ 602
Debugging MSDP..........................................................................................................................................................602
MSDP with Anycast RP................................................................................................................................................603
Configuring Anycast RP............................................................................................................................................... 604
Reducing Source-Active Message Flooding........................................................................................................605
Specifying the RP Address Used in SA Messages..............................................................................................605
MSDP Sample Configurations..................................................................................................................................... 607
32 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP)................................................................................................ 612
Protocol Overview......................................................................................................................................................... 612
Spanning Tree Variations...............................................................................................................................................613
Implementation Information....................................................................................................................................613
Configure Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol................................................................................................................613
Related Configuration Tasks...................................................................................................................................613
Enable Multiple Spanning Tree Globally.......................................................................................................................614
Adding and Removing Interfaces................................................................................................................................. 614
Creating Multiple Spanning Tree Instances................................................................................................................ 614
Influencing MSTP Root Selection................................................................................................................................ 615
Interoperate with Non-Dell Bridges............................................................................................................................. 616
Changing the Region Name or Revision......................................................................................................................616
Modifying Global Parameters........................................................................................................................................617
Modifying the Interface Parameters............................................................................................................................618
Configuring an EdgePort...............................................................................................................................................619
Flush MAC Addresses after a Topology Change...................................................................................................... 620
MSTP Sample Configurations......................................................................................................................................620
Router 1 Running-ConfigurationRouter 2 Running-ConfigurationRouter 3 Running-
ConfigurationExample Running-Configuration.................................................................................................... 620
Debugging and Verifying MSTP Configurations........................................................................................................623
33 Multicast Features...................................................................................................................................625
Enabling IP Multicast.....................................................................................................................................................625
Implementation Information......................................................................................................................................... 625
First Packet Forwarding for Lossless Multicast........................................................................................................ 626
Multicast Policies...........................................................................................................................................................626
IPv4 Multicast Policies............................................................................................................................................626
Understanding Multicast Traceroute (mtrace)......................................................................................................... 633
Important Points to Remember.............................................................................................................................634
Printing Multicast Traceroute (mtrace) Paths.......................................................................................................... 634
Supported Error Codes.................................................................................................................................................635
mtrace Scenarios...........................................................................................................................................................636
34 Object Tracking....................................................................................................................................... 642
Object Tracking Overview............................................................................................................................................642
Track Layer 2 Interfaces.........................................................................................................................................643
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