Nexus 7000 10-Slot Switch

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Cisco Nexus 7000 Series NX-OS Unicast Routing Configuration Guide
First Published: 2016-12-23
Last Modified: 2021-02-22
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CONTENTS
Preface xxix
PREFACE
Audience xxix
Document Conventions xxix
Related Documentation for Cisco Nexus 7000 Series NX-OS Software xxx
Documentation Feedback xxxii
Communications, Services, and Additional Information xxxiii
New and Changed Information 1
CHAPTER 1
New and Changed Information 1
Overview 3
CHAPTER 2
Overview 3
Licensing Requirements 3
Information About Layer 3 Unicast Routing 3
Routing Fundamentals 3
Packet Switching 4
Routing Metrics 5
Router IDs 6
Autonomous Systems 7
Convergence 8
Load Balancing and Equal Cost Multipath 8
Route Redistribution 8
Administrative Distance 9
Stub Routing 9
Routing Algorithms 10
Static Routes and Dynamic Routing Protocols 10
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Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols 10
Distance Vector Protocols 10
Link-State Protocols 11
Layer 3 Virtualization 11
Cisco NX-OS Forwarding Architecture 12
Unicast RIB 12
Adjacency Manager 13
Unicast Forwarding Distribution Module 13
FIB 13
Hardware Forwarding 13
Software Forwarding 14
Layer 3 Interoperation with the N7K-F132-15 Module 14
Summary of Layer 3 Routing Features 15
IPv4 and IPv6 15
IP Services 15
OSPF 15
EIGRP 15
IS-IS 15
BGP 15
RIP 16
Static Routing 16
Layer 3 Virtualization 16
Route Policy Manager 16
Policy-Based Routing 16
First Hop Redundancy Protocols 16
Object Tracking 17
Related Documents for Layer 3 Unicast Routing 17
IP 19
PART I
Configuring IPv4 21
CHAPTER 3
Finding Feature Information 21
Information About IPv4 21
Multiple IPv4 Addresses 22
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Address Resolution Protocol 22
ARP Caching 23
Static and Dynamic Entries in the ARP Cache 23
Devices That Do Not Use ARP 23
Reverse ARP 24
Proxy ARP 24
Local Proxy ARP 25
Gratuitous ARP 25
Glean Throttling 25
Path MTU Discovery 25
ICMP 26
Virtualization Support for IPv4 26
IP Directed Broadcasts 26
Prerequisites for IPv4 28
Guidelines and Limitations for IPv4 28
Default Settings for IPv4 Parameters 28
Configuring IPv4 28
Configuring IPv4 Addressing 28
Configuring Multiple IPv4 Addresses 29
Configuring a Static ARP Entry 30
Configuring Proxy ARP 31
Configuring Local Proxy ARP 31
Configuring Gratuitous ARP 32
Configuring the IP ARP Cache Limit 33
Configuring Glean Optimization 33
Configuring Bloom Filter Support for Glean Adjacencies 34
Configuring Path MTU Discovery 35
Configuring IP Packet Verification 35
Enabling Forwarding of IP Directed Broadcasts 37
Disabling Forwarding of IP Directed Broadcasts 39
Configuring IP Glean Throttling 41
Configuring the Hardware IP Glean Throttle Maximum 42
Configuring the Hardware IP Glean Throttle Timeout 43
Configuring the Hardware IP Glean Throttle Syslog 43
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Verifying the IPv4 Configuration 44
Configuration Examples for IPv4 45
Example: Reserving All Ports on a Module for Proxy Routing 45
Example: Reserving Ports for Proxy Routing 47
Example: Excluding Ports From Proxy Routing 47
Related Documents for IPv4 48
Standards for IPv4 48
Feature History for IPv4 48
Configuring IPv6 51
CHAPTER 4
Finding Feature Information 51
Information About IPv6 51
IPv6 Address Formats 52
IPv6 Unicast Addresses 53
Aggregatable Global Addresses 53
Link-Local Addresses 54
IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Addresses 55
Unique Local Addresses 55
Site Local Addresses 56
IPv6 Anycast Addresses 56
IPv6 Multicast Addresses 56
IPv4 Packet Header 58
Simplified IPv6 Packet Header 58
DNS for IPv6 61
Path MTU Discovery for IPv6 61
CDP IPv6 Address Support 62
ICMP for IPv6 62
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery 63
IPv6 Neighbor Solicitation Message 63
IPv6 Router Advertisement Message 65
IPv6 Router Advertisement Options for DNS Configuration 66
IPv6 Neighbor Redirect Message 66
Virtualization Support for IPv6 68
Prerequisites for IPv6 68
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Guidelines and Limitations for Configuring IPv6 68
Default Settings for IPv6 69
Configuring IPv6 69
Configuring IPv6 Addressing 69
Configuring IPv6 Neighbor Discovery 70
Configuring Optional IPv6 Neighbor Discovery 73
Configuring Recursive DNS Server (RDNSS) 74
Configuring DNS Search List (DNSSL) 75
Configuring IPv6 Packet Verification 76
Verifying the IPv6 Configuration 77
Configuration Example for IPv6 78
Related Documents for IPv6 78
Standards for IPv6 78
Feature History for IPv6 78
Configuring DNS 81
CHAPTER 5
Finding Feature Information 81
Information About DNS Clients 81
DNS Client Overview 81
DNS Name Servers 82
DNS Operation 82
High Availability for DNS Clients 82
Virtualization Support for DNS Clients 82
Prerequisites for DNS Clients 82
Guidelines and Limitations for DNS Clients 83
Default Settings for DNS Client Parameters 83
Configuring DNS Clients 83
Configuring the DNS Client 83
Verifying the DNS Client Configuration 84
Configuration Examples for DNS Clients 85
Related Documents for DNS Clients 85
Standards for DNS Clients 85
Feature History for DNS 85
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Configuring WCCPv2 87
CHAPTER 6
Finding Feature Information 87
Information About WCCPv2 87
WCCPv2 Overview 87
WCCPv2 Service Types 88
WCCPv2 Service Groups 88
WCCPv2 Service Group Lists 89
WCCPv2 Designated Cache Engine 90
WCCPv2 Redirection 90
WCCPv2 Authentication 92
WCCPv2 Redirection Method 93
WCCPv2 Packet Return Method 93
High Availability for WCCPv2 93
Virtualization Support for WCCPv2 93
WCCPv2 Error Handling for SPM Operations 94
Prerequisites for WCCPv2 94
Guidelines and Limitations for WCCPv2 94
WCCPv2 Default Settings 96
Configuring WCCPv2 96
Enabling and Disabling WCCPv2 96
Configuring a WCCPv2 Service Group 97
Applying WCCPv2 Redirection to an Interface 98
Configuring WCCPv2 in a VRF 100
Verifying the WCCPv2 Configuration 101
Configuration Examples for WCCPv2 102
Related Documents for WCCPv2 103
Standards for the WCCPv2 103
Feature History for WCCPv2 103
Routing 105
PART II
Configuring OSPFv2 107
CHAPTER 7
Finding Feature Information 107
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Information About OSPFv2 107
Hello Packet 108
Neighbors 108
Adjacency 109
Designated Routers 109
Areas 110
Link-State Advertisements 111
Link-State Advertisements Types 111
OSPFv2 and the Unicast RIB 113
Authentication 113
Simple Password Authentication 113
MD5 Authentication 113
Advanced Features for OSPFv2 114
Stub Area 114
Not-So-Stubby Area 114
Virtual Links 115
Route Redistribution 115
Route Summarization 115
High Availability and Graceful Restart 116
OSPFv2 Stub Router Advertisements 117
Multiple OSPFv2 Instances 117
SPF Optimization 117
BFD 117
Virtualization Support for OSPFv2 118
Prerequisites for OSPFv2 118
Guidelines and Limitations for OSPFv2 118
Default Settings for OSPFv2 120
Configuring Basic OSPFv2 120
Enabling OSPFv2 120
Creating an OSPFv2 Instance 121
Configuring OSPF Packet Size 122
Configuring Optional Parameters on an OSPFv2 Instance 124
Configuring Networks in OSPFv2 125
Configuring Authentication for an Area 126
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Configuring Authentication for an Interface 127
Configuring Advanced OSPFv2 129
Configuring Filter Lists for Border Routers 129
Configuring Stub Areas 130
Configuring a Totally Stubby Area 131
Configuring NSSA 131
Configuring Virtual Links 133
Configuring Redistribution 135
Limiting the Number of Redistributed Routes 137
Configuring Route Summarization 138
Configuring Stub Route Advertisements 140
Configuring the Administrative Distance of Routes 141
Modifying the Default Timers 143
Configuring Graceful Restart 145
Restarting an OSPFv2 Instance 146
Configuring OSPFv2 with Virtualization 147
Verifying the OSPFv2 Configuration 148
Monitoring OSPFv2 150
Configuration Examples for OSPFv2 150
Related Documents for OSPFv2 150
Feature History for OSPFv2 150
Configuring OSPFv3 153
CHAPTER 8
Finding Feature Information 153
Information About OSPFv3 153
Comparison of OSPFv3 and OSPFv2 154
Hello Packet 154
Neighbors 155
Adjacency 155
Designated Routers 155
Areas 156
Link-State Advertisement Types 157
Link Cost 159
Flooding and LSA Group Pacing 159
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Link-State Database 159
Multi-Area Adjacency 159
OSPFv3 and the IPv6 Unicast RIB 160
Address Family Support 160
Authentication 160
Encryption 161
Guidelines and Limitations for configuring ESP on OSPFv3 161
Advanced Features 162
Stub Area 162
Not-So-Stubby Area 162
Virtual Links 163
Route Redistribution 163
Route Summarization 164
High Availability and Graceful Restart 164
Multiple OSPFv3 Instances 165
SPF Optimization 165
Virtualization Support 165
Prerequisites for OSPFv3 166
Guidelines and Limitations for OSPFv3 166
Default Settings for OSPFv3 168
Configuring Basic OSPFv3 168
Enabling OSPFv3 168
Creating an OSPFv3 Instance 169
Configuring OSPFv3 Packet Size 171
Configuring Networks in OSPFv3 173
Configuring Advanced OSPFv3 175
Configuring Filter Lists for Border Routers 175
Configuring Stub Areas 176
Configuring a Totally Stubby Area 177
Configuring NSSA 177
Configuring Multi-Area Adjacency 179
Configuring Virtual Links 180
Configuring Redistribution 182
Limiting the Number of Redistributed Routes 184
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Configuring Route Summarization 185
Configuring the Administrative Distance of Routes 186
Modifying the Default Timers 189
Configuring the OSPFv3 Max-Metric Router LSA 191
Configuring Graceful Restart 192
Restarting an OSPFv3 Instance 193
Configuring OSPFv3 with Virtualization 193
Configuring OSPFv3 Authentication at Router Level 195
Configuring OSPFv3 Authentication at Area Level 195
Configuring OSPFv3 Authentication at Interface Level 196
Configuring OSPFv3 Encryption at Router Level 197
Configuring OSPFv3 Encryption at Area Level 198
Configuring OSPFv3 Encryption at Interface Level 199
Configuring OSPFv3 Encryption for Virtual Links 200
Configuration Examples for OSPFv3 202
Related Documents for OSPFv3 202
Feature History for OSPFv3 202
Configuring EIGRP 205
CHAPTER 9
Finding Feature Information 205
Information About EIGRP 205
EIGRP Components 206
Reliable Transport Protocol 206
Neighbor Discovery and Recovery 206
Diffusing Update Algorithm 206
EIGRP Route Updates 207
Internal Route Metrics 207
Wide Metrics 208
External Route Metrics 208
EIGRP and the Unicast RIB 209
Advanced EIGRP 209
Address Families 209
Authentication 209
Stub Routers 210
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Route Summarization 210
Route Redistribution 210
Load Balancing 211
Split Horizon 211
BFD 211
Virtualization Support for EIGRP 211
Graceful Restart and High Availability 212
Multiple EIGRP Instances 212
Prerequisites for EIGRP 213
Guidelines and Limitations for EIGRP 213
Default Settings for EIGRP Parameters 214
Configuring Basic EIGRP 215
Enabling or Disabling the EIGRP Feature 215
Creating an EIGRP Instance 215
Restarting an EIGRP Instance 217
Shutting Down an EIGRP Instance 217
Configuring a Passive Interface for EIGRP 218
Shutting Down EIGRP on an Interface 218
Configuring Advanced EIGRP 219
Configuring Authentication in EIGRP 219
Configuring EIGRP Stub Routing 220
Configuring a Summary Address for EIGRP 221
Redistributing Routes into EIGRP 222
Limiting the Number of Redistributed Routes 223
Configuring the Administrative Distance of Routes 224
Configuring Route-Map Filtering 225
Configuring Load Balancing in EIGRP 227
Configuring Graceful Restart for EIGRP 227
Adjusting the Interval Between Hello Packets and the Hold Time 229
Disabling Split Horizon 230
Enabling Wide Metrics 230
Tuning EIGRP 231
Configuring Virtualization for EIGRP 234
Verifying the EIGRP Configuration 235
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Displaying EIGRP Statistics 236
Configuration Example for EIGRP 236
Related Documents for EIGRP 237
MIBs 237
Feature History for EIGRP 237
Configuring IS-IS 239
CHAPTER 10
Finding Feature Information 239
Information About IS-IS 239
IS-IS Overview 240
IS-IS Areas 240
NET and System ID 241
Designated Intermediate System 241
IS-IS Authentication 241
Mesh Groups 241
Overload Bit 242
Route Summarization 242
Route Redistribution 242
Administrative Distance 242
Load Balancing 243
BFD 243
Virtualization Support 243
High Availability and Graceful Restart 243
Multiple IS-IS Instances 244
Prerequisites for IS-IS 244
Guidelines and Limitations for IS-IS 244
Default Settings for IS-IS 244
Configuring IS-IS 245
IS-IS Configuration Modes 245
Router Configuration Mode Example 245
Router Address Family Configuration Mode Example 245
Enabling the IS-IS Feature 246
Creating an IS-IS Instance 246
Restarting an IS-IS Instance 247
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Shutting Down IS-IS 248
Configuring IS-IS on an Interface 248
Configuring IS-IS Authentication in an Area 249
Configuring IS-IS Authentication on an Interface 250
Configuring a Mesh Group 250
Configuring a Designated Intermediate System 251
Configuring Dynamic Host Exchange 251
Setting the Overload Bit 251
Configuring the Attached Bit 252
Configuring the Transient Mode for Hello Padding 252
Configuring a Summary Address 252
Configuring Redistribution 253
Limiting the Number of Redistributed Routes 254
Configuring the Administrative Distance of Routes 255
Disabling Strict Adjacency Mode 256
Configuring a Graceful Restart 257
Configuring Virtualization 258
Tuning IS-IS 259
Monitoring IS-IS 260
Configuration Examples for IS-IS 261
Related Documents for IS-IS 262
Standards for IS-IS 262
Feature History for IS-IS 262
Configuring Basic BGP 265
CHAPTER 11
Finding Feature Information 265
Information About Basic BGP 265
BGP Autonomous Systems 266
4-Byte AS Number Support 266
Administrative Distance 266
BGP Peers 267
BGP Sessions 267
Dynamic AS Numbers for Prefix Peers 267
BGP Router Identifier 267
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BGP Path Selection 268
BGP Path Selection - Comparing Pairs of Paths 268
BGP Path Selection - Determining the Order of Comparisons 270
BGP Path Selection - Determining the Best-Path Change Suppression 270
BGP and the Unicast RIB 271
BGP Prefix Independent Convergence 271
BGP PIC Feature Support Matrix 271
BGP PIC Core 272
BGP PIC Edge 272
BGP PIC Edge Unipath 273
BGP PIC Edge with Multipaths 274
BGP Virtualization 275
Prerequisites for BGP 275
Guidelines and Limitations for BGP 275
Default Settings 276
CLI Configuration Modes 277
Global Configuration Mode 277
Address Family Configuration Mode 277
Neighbor Configuration Mode 277
Neighbor Address Family Configuration Mode 278
Configuring Basic BGP 278
Enabling BGP 278
Creating a BGP Instance 279
Restarting a BGP Instance 280
Shutting Down BGP 281
Configuring BGP Peers 281
Configuring AS-4 Dot Notation 283
Configuring Dynamic AS Numbers for Prefix Peers 283
Configuring BGP PIC Edge 285
Clearing BGP Information 287
Verifying the Basic BGP Configuration 290
Monitoring BGP Statistics 292
Configuration Examples for Basic BGP 292
Related Documents for Basic BGP 292
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MIBs 293
Feature History for BGP 293
Configuring Advanced BGP 295
CHAPTER 12
Finding Feature Information 295
Information About Advanced BGP 295
Peer Templates 296
Authentication 296
Route Policies and Resetting BGP Sessions 296
eBGP 297
BGP Next Hop Unchanged 297
iBGP 297
AS Confederations 298
Route Reflector 298
Capabilities Negotiation 299
Route Dampening 299
Load Sharing and Multipath 300
BGP Additional Paths 300
Route Aggregation 301
BGP Conditional Advertisement 301
BGP Next-Hop Address Tracking 302
Route Redistribution 303
BGP Support for Importing Routes from Default VRF 303
BGP Support for Exporting Routes to Default VRF 304
BFD 304
Tuning BGP 304
BGP Timers 304
Tuning the Best-Path Algorithm 304
Multiprotocol BGP 304
Graceful Restart and High Availability 305
Low Memory Handling 306
ISSU 306
Virtualization Support 306
Prerequisites for Advanced BGP 307
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Guidelines and Limitations for Advanced BGP 307
Default Settings 308
Configuring Advanced BGP 309
Configuring BGP Session Templates 309
Configuring BGP Peer-Policy Templates 311
Configuring BGP Peer Templates 312
Configuring Prefix Peering 314
Configuring BGP Authentication 316
Resetting a BGP Session 316
Modifying the Next-Hop Address 316
Configuring BGP Next-Hop Address Tracking 317
Configuring Next-Hop Filtering 318
Disabling Capabilities Negotiation 318
Configuring BGP Additional Paths 318
Advertising the Capability of Sending and Receiving Additional Paths 318
Configuring the Sending and Receiving of Additional Paths 319
Configuring Advertised Paths 320
Configuring Additional Path Selection 321
Configuring eBGP 322
Disabling eBGP Single-Hop Checking 322
Configuring eBGP Multihop 322
Disabling a Fast External Fallover 323
Limiting the AS-path Attribute 323
Configuring Local AS Support 323
Configuring AS Confederations 324
Configuring Route Reflector 325
Configuring Next-Hops on Reflected Routes Using an Outbound Route-Map 326
Configuring Route Dampening 328
Configuring Load Sharing and ECMP 329
Configuring Maximum Prefixes 329
Configuring Dynamic Capability 330
Configuring Aggregate Addresses 330
Unsuppressing the Advertisement of Aggregated Routes 331
Configuring BGP Conditional Route Injection 331
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Configuring BGP Conditional Advertisement 333
Configuring Route Redistribution 335
Advertising the Default Route 336
Configuring Route Import from Default VRF to any other VRF 337
Configuring Route Export from BGP VRF to Default VRF 337
Configuring Multiprotocol BGP 339
Configuring Policy-Based Administrative Distance 340
Tuning BGP 341
Configuring a Graceful Restart 344
Configuring Virtualization 346
Verifying the Advanced BGP Configuration 347
Displaying Advanced BGP Statistics 349
Related Documents 349
RFCs 349
MIBs 349
Feature History for Advanced BGP 350
Configuring RIP 353
CHAPTER 13
Finding Feature Information 353
Information About RIP 353
RIPv2 Authentication 354
Split Horizon 354
Route Filtering 355
Route Summarization 355
Route Redistribution 355
Load Balancing 355
High Availability for RIP 355
Virtualization Support 356
Prerequisites for RIP 356
Guidelines and Limitations for RIP 356
Default Settings for RIP Parameters 356
Configuring RIP 356
Enabling RIP 356
Creating a RIP Instance 357
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Restarting a RIP Instance 358
Configuring RIP on an Interface 359
Configuring RIP Authentication 360
Configuring a Passive Interface 361
Configuring Split Horizon with Poison Reverse 361
Configuring Route Summarization 362
Configuring Route Redistribution 363
Configuring Cisco NX-OS RIP for Compatibility with Cisco IOS RIP 364
Configuring Virtualization 365
Tuning RIP 367
Verifying the RIP Configuration 369
Displaying RIP Statistics 369
Configuration Examples for RIP 369
Related Documents for RIP 370
Standards for RIP 370
Feature History for RIP 370
Configuring Static Routing 371
CHAPTER 14
Finding Feature Information 371
Information About Static Routing 371
Administrative Distance 372
Directly Connected Static Routes 372
Fully Specified Static Routes 372
Floating Static Routes 372
Remote Next-Hops for Static Routes 372
Reliable Static Routing Backup Using Object Tracking Deployment 373
IP Service Level Agreements 373
BFD 373
Virtualization Support 373
Prerequisites for Static Routing 374
Guidelines and Limitations for Static Routing 374
Default Settings for Static Routing Parameters 374
Configuring Static Routing 374
Configuring a Static Route for IPv4 374
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