Eurotech DynaGATE 10-14 Owner's manual

DynaGATE 10-14

Multi-service IoT Gateway

ITxPT, AI Accelerated, LTE 5G Ready

EN EL Software Manual

Original instructions

Document code: DYGATE-10-14_ELM_EN_1-0

Document revision: 1-0 (2023.08.02)

FOR SAFE AND PROPER USE,

FOLLOW THESE INSTRUCTIONS.

KEEP THEM FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.

DynaGATE 10-14 EL Software Manual EN

Intended audience of this document

This document is intended for system integrators. System integrator is a term applied to skilled

persons who are specialized in linking together, physically or functionally, different computing systems

and software applications to operate as a coordinated whole in compliance with the applicable

regulations.

Skilled person is a term applied to persons who have training or experience in the equipment

technology, particularly in knowing the various energies and energy magnitudes used in the equipment.

Skilled persons are expected to use their training and experience to recognize energy sources capable

of causing pain or injury and to take action for protection from injury from those energies. Skilled persons

should also be protected against unintentional contact or exposure to energy sources capable of

causing injury.

How to get technical support

To get technical support, refer to: https://www.eurotech.com/support

The following resources are available:

lSupport Portal: https://support.eurotech.com

lDownload Area: https://www.eurotech.com/download

lRMA (Return Merchandise Authorization): https://www.eurotech.com/support/rma

Trademarks

All trademarks, registered trademarks, logos, trade names, products names contained in this document

are the property of their respective owners.

Revision history

Revision Description Date of Issue

1-0 First release 2023.08.02

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GETTING STARTED

To get started with the DynaGATE 10-14 and Eurotech Everyware Linux (EL):

1. Obey the instructions and warnings contained in the DynaGATE 10-14 Hardware Manual.

To safely interact with the product and to lower the risk of personal injury, electric shock, fire, or

damage to equipment, obey the instructions and warnings contained in the Hardware Manual.

To download the latest DynaGATE 10-14 Hardware Manual go to the Eurotech Download Area:

https://www.eurotech.com/download

2. Understand how to log in and how to manage the Everyware Linux (EL) interfaces.

For more information, refer to:

l"The Software (EL 33.0.0)" on page6

l"Administration Console login (EL 33.0.0)" on page14

l"Linux interfaces (EL 33.0.0)" on page18

l"System decommissioning" on page40

If you have questions about these instructions, refer to: https://www.eurotech.com/en/support.

DynaGATE 10-14 EL Software Manual EN Contents

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CONTENTS

Intended audience of this document 2

How to get technical support 2

Trademarks 2

Revision history 2

Getting started 3

Contents 4

1 The Software (EL 33.0.0) 6

1.1 Eurotech Everyware Linux (EL) 7

1.1.1 Installation and update recommendations 7

1.1.2 Docker 7

1.2 Eurotech Everyware IoT 7

1.2.1 Installation and update recommendations 7

1.3 System Firewall 8

1.4 Partition layout 8

1.5 Failover and recovery scheme 9

1.5.1 What is the failover and recovery scheme 9

1.5.2 Limitations in failover and recovery 10

1.5.3 Additional information 11

1.6 USER LEDs status reporting 11

1.6.1 Symbols used for USER LEDs status 12

1.6.2 USER LEDs status for power action 12

1.6.3 USER LEDs status for the recovery actions 12

1.6.4 USER LEDs status for the restore action 12

1.6.5 USER LEDs status for the decommissioning action 13

1.6.6 USER LEDs status for generic status error 13

2 Administration Console login (EL 33.0.0) 14

2.1 Introduction 15

2.2 Default credentials 15

2.2.1 Logging into EL 15

2.3 Changing the password 15

2.4 Login Messages 16

2.5 Login through the Serial Console 16

2.6 Login through SSH (Secure Shell) 17

2.6.1 The default network configuration 17

2.6.2 Login through eth0 17

2.6.3 Login through eth1 17

3 Linux interfaces (EL 33.0.0) 18

3.1 Introduction 19

3.2 Getting the installed Linux version 19

3.3 General Purpose I/O lines (GPIOs) 20

3.3.1 Using the GPIOs with the GPIO utility 20

3.3.2 Using the GPIOs with the “cat” and “echo” utilities 20

3.4 LED Indicators 21

3.5 Digital I/Os 22

3.6 Analog Inputs 23

3.7 Wi-Fi Regulatory Domain 24

3.8 Internal Cellular Modem 25

3.8.1 How to set the diversity (CELL DIV) function 25

3.9 Internal GNSS 26

Contents DynaGATE 10-14 EL Software Manual EN

3.9.1 Getting the GPS coordinates 26

3.10 Ethernet Ports 27

3.11 CAN Ports 27

3.11.1 How to setup a CAN port 27

3.11.2 How to send / receive a message via a CAN port 27

3.11.3 CAN termination 27

3.12 Console 27

3.13 Serial Ports 28

3.13.1 Configuring the serial COMport mode 28

3.14 Ignition Key Sense 32

3.14.1 The ignition monitor function 33

3.15 Accelerometer and Gyroscope 33

3.15.1 How to get the accelerometer 3D values 33

3.15.2 How to get the gyroscope 3D values 33

3.16 Storage memory 34

3.17 TPM and tpm2-tools package 34

3.18 Watchdog 34

3.18.1 Using the Watchdog 34

3.18.2 For more information 34

3.19 RTC 35

3.19.1 How to read the RTC1 device 35

3.19.2 How to read the timestamp registers 35

3.20 Internal temperature sensors 35

3.21 User-programmable button and factory restore 36

3.21.1 User-programmable button functions 36

3.21.2 Function: other applications 36

3.21.3 Function: factory restore 36

3.21.4 How to view the current restore policy 36

3.21.5 How to set a specific restore policy 36

3.22 CPU Unique ID 36

3.23 Power monitoring device 37

3.24 ITxPT service 39

4 System decommissioning 40

4.1 What is the decommissioning process 41

4.2 Decommissioning 41

5 Eurotech Everyware IoT 42

5.1 Everyware IoT 43

5.2 Everyware Software Framework (ESF) 43

5.3 Everyware Cloud (EC) 43

Notes 44

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1 THE SOFTWARE (EL 33.0.0)

This chapter gives the following information:

1.1 Eurotech Everyware Linux (EL) 7

1.2 Eurotech Everyware IoT 7

1.3 System Firewall 8

1.4 Partition layout 8

1.5 Failover and recovery scheme 9

1.6 USER LEDs status reporting 11

1 The Software (EL 33.0.0) DynaGATE 10-14 EL Software Manual EN

1.1 Eurotech Everyware Linux (EL)

The Eurotech Everyware Linux (EL) is a Linux distribution based on a Yocto framework,

www.yoctoproject.org, as well as an SDK for application development. For more information, refer to:

www.yoctoproject.org/documentation.

1.1.1 Installation and update recommendations

NOTICE

If the power supply is interrupted prematurely, this may result in a file corruption (this failure

will not be covered under warranty).

During installation and update, ensure a reliable source of power for the duration of the

install process and for a period of 30 seconds after the first boot.

1.1.2 Docker

Docker is installed in the default Linux image and can be used to create, manage and launch containers.

Once installed, the data partition is mounted on /var/lib/docker and this is where the docker

containers are stored. For more information, refer to: https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

The docker service is disabled by default

To enable the docker service use the systemd service controls:

systemctl enable docker

The docker service will begin to run after a reboot.

1.2 Eurotech Everyware IoT

Eurotech provides hardware and software IoT solutions under the brand name of Everyware IoT.

For more information, refer to: "Everyware IoT" on page43.

1.2.1 Installation and update recommendations

NOTICE

If the power supply is interrupted prematurely, this may result in a file corruption (this failure

will not be covered under warranty).

During installation and update, ensure a reliable source of power for the duration of the

install process and for a period of 3 minutes after the first boot.

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1.3 System Firewall

NOTICE

For a better security, Eurotech recommends that you run the system with a firewall service

enabled.

By default, the system firewall is enabled.

The rules will block all in-bound connections on all ports but LAN port (eth0).

On this interface, the following IP ports are allowed for incoming connections:

ludp:67

ludp:53

ltcp:22

ludp:5353

For more information, refer to: "The default network configuration" on page17.

To disable the system firewall service:

1. Execute the command:

systemctl disable iptables

2. Reboot the system to apply the setting.

1.4 Partition layout

Partition Node Size

Boot /dev/mmcblk0p1 130.5 MB

Rootfs1 /dev/mmcblk0p2 8 GB

Rootfs2 /dev/mmcblk0p3 8 GB

Extended /dev/mmcblk0p4 N/A

Log /dev/mmcblk0p5 1.5 GB

Restore /dev/mmcblk0p6 4 GB

Data /dev/mmcblk0p7 8 GB

Total 32 GB (approx)

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1.5 Failover and recovery scheme

1.5.1 What is the failover and recovery scheme

The failover and recovery scheme is invoked when a fail to boot scenario occurs.

The scheme is divided into two flows:

lBootloader scheme and

lRescue image.

1.5.1.1 Bootloader scheme

The bootloader scheme is the following:

1. The system boots

2. The bootloader selects which partition to boot (2 or 3) based on its environment settings.

Partition 2 is the default active and primary partition

3. The kernel is retrieved from the active partition and launched

4. The kernel and kernel arguments determine which root file system to be used: this is usually the

same partition from where the kernel was retrieved. Under normal circumstances, this never

changes

5. The bootloader keeps a count of if the system booted OK or if the system failed to boot

6. The LEDs report the boot status

7. If an error is detected:

a. The bootloader reports the detected error with a LEDs pattern

b. The bootloader launches the rescue image.

The communication between the rescue image and the bootloader is done through bootloader

environment variables.

For more information, refer to: "USER LEDs status reporting" on page11.

1.5.1.2 Rescue image

The rescue image is a kernel with an initial RAM disk that is configured to try to correct a fail to boot

scenario.

The scheme for the file system recovery attempt is the following:

1. The fsck utility is launched on the affected partition. This corrects the most likely reason for fail

to boot, which typically is a corruption in the file system or a corruption of the EXT4 journal

2. The system records the event in the journal and reboots:

lIf the recovery is successful, the system continues with normal operation.

lIf the system detects another failure, the recovery did not work as expected. In this case

the system will switch to boot from the secondary partition:

oIf the secondary partition boots successfully, the system continues with normal

operation.

oIf the secondary partition fails to boot:

a. The rescue image will be invoked and initiate a system restore operation

b. The System Restore wipes the secondary partition replacing it with a pre-set

image stored in the restore partition (this image is typically a factory reset

image but it could be a custom-captured image).

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1.5.1.3 Factory restore

The factory restore is a function that makes an entry in the boot environment to instruct the system to

reboot, and to force the system to do a restore.

By default, after the restore is completed:

1. The system shows a flashing LED sequence to indicate that the process is completed.

2. The system automatically boots with the restored image .

To support multiple scenarios, and to provide flexibility for new ones, the restore mechanism can use

some “policies” to support the use case in the best way.

The system currently supports these restore policies:

Restore Policy Description

0The system boots from the Rescue image and restores both file-systems to factory default

1The system boots from the Rescue image and restores the primary file-system to factory default

2 (default) The system boots from the Rescue image and restores the secondary file-systems to factory default

To start the factory restore, keep the User-programmable button pushed for at least 10 seconds.

For more information, refer to:

l"User-programmable button and factory restore" on page36

l"USER LEDs status reporting" on the next page.

1.5.2 Limitations in failover and recovery

Handling failure conditions can be complex so the failover and recovery scheme has been designed to

be as simple as possible and to solve the most likely kinds of problem that can occur in normal system

use. It cannot solve all potential problems.

The following is a list of issues that are not covered and are outside of the scope of the current

implementation. Should these issues occur, user intervention may be required for the system to be re-

installed using an SD card installer, or returned to Eurotech if the SD card install is prohibited due to

security restrictions:

lIf the recovery image is corrupted, renamed, or missing, the recovery cannot occur.

In these conditions, the system may get stuck in an endless reboot loop.

To clear this loop, a solution, depending on the type of failure that has occurred, is to execute

stop at the bootloader prompt and set restore_policy to 0.

At this time, the system should be able to boot from the primary file system and you can rename

or re-install the missing recovery image file

lAlthough fstab will perform an fsck check of the log and data partitions before mounting them, if

the log partition is damaged or wiped, the recovery scheme is not designed to detect or correct

this kind of issue.

In this scenario, the system is likely to encounter boot issues because the start-up service that

launches journald may fail to run. The default scheme is not configured to re-format the log

partition, favoring to preserve the logs that may still exist to aid diagnosis of the root cause.

Should this issue occur, the system will drop to emergency mode with the following message:

You are in emergency mode. After logging in, type "journalctl -xb" to view

system logs, " systemctl default" or ^D to try again to boot into default mode.

Cannot open access to console, the root account is locked.

See sulogin(8)man page for more details.

Press Enter to continue.

1 The Software (EL 33.0.0) DynaGATE 10-14 EL Software Manual EN

1.5.3 Additional information

lRegardless of the state of the file system being rescued, when recovery is invoked, it generates a

kernel panic. This is normal behavior, and the kernel panic has no abnormal consequences.

The kernel panic is due to a reboot that is forced by the watchdog. It is safe to do this because the

system runs from a RAM file system. All other filesystems are safely unmounted at the time of the

reboot

lThe USER LEDs report the progression of the failover and recovery process. For more

information, refer to: "USER LEDs status reporting" below.

1.6 USER LEDs status reporting

Some pre-configured actions can be performed on the system: power, recovery, restore,

decommissioning.

Specific USER LEDs sequences indicate the status for these actions.

NOTE: Outside of these actions, the USER LEDs remain available for customer use.

The USER LEDs are as follows:

Fig. 1 - USER LEDs layout

Label Color Description

USER1 Bi-color Green / Yellow General purpose LEDs

USER2

USER3 Bi-color Green / Red

USER4

Fig. 2 - USER LEDs description

For more information, refer to: "LED Indicators" on page21.

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1.6.1 Symbols used for USER LEDs status

In the tables of the following sections, these symbols are used to indicate the corresponding USER

LEDs status:

OFF

x Not relevant. Do not consider. Previous state maybe preserved

Green, solid ON

1Hz Green, blinking at 1 Hz

2Hz Green, blinking at 2 Hz

Red, solid ON

1Hz Red, blinking at 1 Hz

2Hz Red, blinking at 2 Hz

1.6.2 USER LEDs status for power action

LED Power ON / RESET

USER1

USER2

USER3

USER4

1.6.3 USER LEDs status for the recovery actions

LED Recovery triggered Recovery running Recovery accomplished Recovery failed

USER1 x 2Hz

USER2 x

USER3 2Hz

USER4 x 2Hz

1.6.4 USER LEDs status for the restore action

LED Restore running Restore accomplished Restore failed

USER1 2Hz

USER2 2Hz

USER3 2Hz

USER4 2Hz

1 The Software (EL 33.0.0) DynaGATE 10-14 EL Software Manual EN

1.6.5 USER LEDs status for the decommissioning action

LED Decommissioning started Decommissioning accomplished

USER1 x x

USER2 x x

USER3 3x 1Hz then

USER4 3x 1Hz then

1.6.6 USER LEDs status for generic status error

LED Recovery triggered

USER1 x

USER2 x

USER3 x

USER4 1Hz

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2 ADMINISTRATION CONSOLE LOGIN (EL 33.0.0)

This chapter gives the following information:

2.1 Introduction 15

2.2 Default credentials 15

2.3 Changing the password 15

2.4 Login Messages 16

2.5 Login through the Serial Console 16

2.6 Login through SSH (Secure Shell) 17

2 Administration Console login (EL 33.0.0) DynaGATE 10-14 EL Software Manual EN

2.1 Introduction

This section describes how to have access the Linux Operating System by logging into the

Administration Console.

To log in to the Administration Console, use one of the following methods:

lDirect login via Console Port

lRemote login via Secure Shell (SSH)

2.2 Default credentials

NOTICE

For security reasons, Eurotech recommends that you change the password of the "guest"

account after your initial setup.

For more information, refer to: "Changing the password" below.

2.2.1 Logging into EL

The following table shows the available users and passwords:

User* Password Note

guest Set by default to the serial number of the device The guest user is a member of the sudo group

*root user is disabled

Note: Most users, once logged in as a guest, will elevate to root by running the command su

While this will get users to root, it will not run some of the environment scripts that are typically

associated with the root user. Specifically, the .bashrc file in the root folder sets up various

environment variables and paths. To overcome this, elevate to root using this command:

sudo su -l

where -l means log in as root. This will run the scripts associated with the root user.

2.3 Changing the password

To change the password:

1. Log in to the Administration Console

2. Run the command passwd. Enter your old password for verification

3. Enter the new password.

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2.4 Login Messages

The Login Messages discourage unauthorized access. They can be displayed before and after attempts

to access the system, either through the serial console or through ssh:

lThe text to be displayed before any access through the serial console is contained in

/etc/issue

lThe text to be displayed before any ac cess through ssh (including scp) is contained in

/etc/issue.net

lThe text to be displayed after a successful access through ssh or through the serial console is

contained in /etc/motd.

The Login Messages can be changed to suite other scenarios.

2.5 Login through the Serial Console

The Serial Console is available via the USB C connector of the system, behind the service panel, and

appears as a USB to Serial device on the host system.

To log in through the Serial Console:

1. Setup a Development PC (for example: a laptop) with a free USB port

2. Make sure that the system is turned OFF

3. Connect the USB C Cable between the USB port (of the Development PC) and the Serial

Console (of the system)

4. Turn ON the system

5. Use the Development PC to login the Administration Console:

a. Run a terminal emulator such as Tera Term (Windows) or Minicom (Linux)

b. Configure the serial port connection with these parameters: 115200, 8 bits, 1 stop bit, no

parity, no flow control

c. Enter the case-sensitive credentials when the prompt appears (refer to "Default

credentials" on the previous page). You should see the following output:

guest

Password:

guest@productname...:~#

2 Administration Console login (EL 33.0.0) DynaGATE 10-14 EL Software Manual EN

2.6 Login through SSH (Secure Shell)

2.6.1 The default network configuration

The default (out-of-the-box) network configuration of the system is as follows:

leth0

oStatus: Enabled for LAN

oConfigure: Manually (Static IP)

oIP Address: 172.16.0.1

oSubnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

oDHCP Server Enabled

leth1

oStatus: Enabled for WAN

oConfigure: DHCP (DHCP client)

lwlan0

oStatus: Disabled

You can log in via SSH through eth0 or through eth1.

2.6.2 Login through eth0

To log in through eth0:

1. Ensure that the client PC uses an IP address on the same subnet as eth0 (e.g. 172.16.0.2)

2. Enter the command ssh [email protected]

3. At the prompt, execute the password.

2.6.3 Login through eth1

To log in through eth1, you need to know its IP address. By default, the system runs a zeroconf

implementation. To remotely detect the IP address of the system, run the following command on your

host device: avahi-discover

Example:

1. Run the command: avahi-discover. A dialog box pops-up and reports all the devices on your

network that support this scheme

2. In "eth1 IPv4" > "local" > "Workstation", you should see your system’s hostname (example:

systemname_serialnumber)

3. By default, SSH login via eth1 is blocked by the iptables firewall.

To allow SSH connections on this interface, execute the following command:

iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

To preserve that, add it to the rules that run on start-up: /etc/iptables/iptables.rules

Note:

lIf you are running ESF, then it disables the iptables firewall in favor of its own, so you

should adjust the firewall in ESF if required

lThe information in the example above gives you SSH access for development and other

useful purposes; consider carefully whether making such a change is a sensible default

in a field deployed system.

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3 LINUX INTERFACES (EL 33.0.0)

This chapter gives the following information:

3.1 Introduction 19

3.2 Getting the installed Linux version 19

3.3 General Purpose I/O lines (GPIOs) 20

3.4 LED Indicators 21

3.5 Digital I/Os 22

3.6 Analog Inputs 23

3.7 Wi-Fi Regulatory Domain 24

3.8 Internal Cellular Modem 25

3.9 Internal GNSS 26

3.10 Ethernet Ports 27

3.11 CAN Ports 27

3.12 Console 27

3.13 Serial Ports 28

3.14 Ignition Key Sense 32

3.15 Accelerometer and Gyroscope 33

3.16 Storage memory 34

3.17 TPM and tpm2-tools package 34

3.18 Watchdog 34

3.19 RTC 35

3.20 Internal temperature sensors 35

3.21 User-programmable button and factory restore 36

3.22 CPU Unique ID 36

3.23 Power monitoring device 37

3.24 ITxPT service 39

3 Linux interfaces (EL 33.0.0) DynaGATE 10-14 EL Software Manual EN

3.1 Introduction

This section describes how to drive the interfaces of the system through the Eurotech Everyware Linux

Operating System (EL).

NOTICE

Some interfaces are available only for specific system variants. For more information, refer to

the system's Hardware Manual.

3.2 Getting the installed Linux version

To get the installed Linux version, execute the following command:

eurotech_versions

Example of output:

root@dynagate-10-14::~# eurotech_versions -v

eth_model ............. DynaGATE 10-14

eth_serial_number ..... A123BE50039

eth_vers_os ........... EL_33.0.0

eth_release ........... DEVELOPMENT_BUILD

eth_name_bsp .......... DynaGATE 10-14

eth_vers_bsp .......... 33.0.0

eth_date_bsp .......... 202304260915

eth_state_bsp ......... develop

eth_vers_cpu .......... ARM Cortex-A53 (v4) i.MX8MP

eth_arch_bsp .......... aarch64

eth_vers_uboot ........ U-Boot SPL 2021.04-5.10.35-2.0.0+g263b27e076 (Nov 22 2021 -

01:39:23 +0000)

eth_vers_linux ........ 5.10.72+g521a5aae687d #1 SMP PREEMPT Tue Nov 23 06:02:20 UTC

2021

eth_vers_yocto ........ 3.3.3

eth_vers_java ......... OpenJDK Zulu17.42+20-SA build 17.0.7+7-LTS

eth_vers_esf .......... ESF_7.3.0 build 6

eth_vers_docker ....... Docker version v19.03.15-ce, build 99e3ed8919

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3.3 General Purpose I/O lines (GPIOs)

The general purpose I/O lines (GPIOs) provide functions such as the opto-isolated I/O channels and the

user LEDs which are available for use in application programs. The GPIOs provide also additional

support for interfaces such as expansion connector and power supply control.

These GPIOs are controlled using the sysfs filesystem which associates filenames with the various

GPIOs functions.

The GPIOs are represented by the following directories: /sys/class/gpio/gpioxxx, where xxx is

the number of the associated GPIO:

Filename Functions

value Get or set the value of the GPIO line (can be “0” or “1”)

direction Get or set the direction (can be “in” or “out”)

active_low Inverts the GPIO, when set to 1 writing 1 to value sets the GPIO pin to a low voltage level (can be “0” or “1”)

3.3.1 Using the GPIOs with the GPIO utility

The gpio_utility is a utility that builds upon the standard sysfs scheme to provide a more convenient

way to use many of the GPIOs functions from the command line:

gpio_utility pin_name function

pin_name It is the required GPIO line in the format gpioN or gpioBank_Pin.

function It can be set as follows:

0 or 1 to set the state of a GPIO output

in or out to set the direction of a GPIO

unexport to release the GPIO from sysfs(not normally required)

The GPIOs are exported by default at start-up.

3.3.2 Using the GPIOs with the “cat” and “echo” utilities

NOTICE

Appropriate values for direction and active_low are set during system initialization for each

GPIO and should not require further alteration.

To read and write to the GPIOs from the command line, use the “cat” and “echo” utilities, and execute the

following commands:

echo 1 >/sys/class/gpio/gpio504/value

cat /sys/class/gpio/gpio504/value

For details of the other files and sub-directories consult the Linux documentation at:

https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/gpio/sysfs.txt

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Eurotech DynaGATE 10-14 Owner's manual

Eurotech DynaGATE 10-14 Owner's manual

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