Comtrol DeviceMaster 500 Reference guide

Brand: Comtrol

Model: DeviceMaster 500

Category: Software

Type: Reference guide

This manual is also suitable for

eCos Reference Manual

eCos Reference Manual

Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 by Red Hat, Inc.Nick Garnett (eCosCentric)Jonathan Larmour

(eCosCentric)Andrew Lunn (Ascom)Gary Thomas (MLB Associates)Bart Veer (eCosCentric)

Documentation licensing terms

This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 or later (the latest version is

presently available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).

Distribution of substantively modiﬁed versions of this document is prohibited without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.

Distribution of the work or derivative of the work in any standard (paper) book form is prohibited unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright

holder.

Trademarks

Red Hat, the Red Hat Shadow Man logo®, eCos™, RedBoot™, GNUPro®, and Insight™ are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc.

Sun Microsystems® and Solaris® are registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc.

SPARC® is a registered trademark of SPARC International, Inc., and is used under license by Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Intel® is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.

Motorola™ is a trademark of Motorola, Inc.

ARM® is a registered trademark of Advanced RISC Machines, Ltd.

MIPS™ is a trademark of MIPS Technologies, Inc.

Toshiba® is a registered trademark of the Toshiba Corporation.

NEC® is a registered trademark if the NEC Corporation.

Cirrus Logic® is a registered trademark of Cirrus Logic, Inc.

Compaq® is a registered trademark of the Compaq Computer Corporation.

Matsushita™ is a trademark of the Matsushita Electric Corporation.

Samsung® and CalmRISC™ are trademarks or registered trademarks of Samsung, Inc.

Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

UNIX® is a registered trademark of The Open Group.

Microsoft®, Windows®, and Windows NT® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation, Inc.

All other brand and product names, trademarks, and copyrights are the property of their respective owners.

Warranty

eCos and RedBoot are open source software, covered by a modiﬁed version of the GNU General Public Licence (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html), and

you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions. See http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/license-overview.html for more

information about the license.

eCos and RedBoot software have NO WARRANTY.

Because this software is licensed free of charge, there are no warranties for it, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Except when otherwise stated in

writing, the copyright holders and/or other parties provide the software “as is” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not

limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and ﬁtness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the software is

with you. Should the software prove defective, you assume the cost of all necessary servicing, repair or correction.

In no event, unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, will any copyright holder, or any other party who may modify and/or redistribute the

program as permitted above, be liable to you for damages, including any general, special, incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use or

inability to use the program (including but not limited to loss of data or data being rendered inaccurate or losses sustained by you or third parties or a failure

of the program to operate with any other programs), even if such holder or other party has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

Table of Contents

I. The eCos Kernel ...............................................................................................................................................xxv

Kernel Overview ............................................................................................................................................27

SMP Support..................................................................................................................................................35

Thread creation ..............................................................................................................................................39

Thread information ........................................................................................................................................43

Thread control................................................................................................................................................47

Thread termination.........................................................................................................................................49

Thread priorities.............................................................................................................................................51

Per-thread data ...............................................................................................................................................53

Thread destructors..........................................................................................................................................55

Exception handling ........................................................................................................................................57

Counters .........................................................................................................................................................59

Clocks.............................................................................................................................................................61

Alarms............................................................................................................................................................63

Mutexes..........................................................................................................................................................65

Condition Variables........................................................................................................................................71

Semaphores....................................................................................................................................................75

Mail boxes......................................................................................................................................................77

Event Flags.....................................................................................................................................................79

Spinlocks........................................................................................................................................................83

Scheduler Control ..........................................................................................................................................85

Interrupt Handling..........................................................................................................................................87

Kernel Real-time Characterization.................................................................................................................93

II. RedBoot™ User’s Guide.................................................................................................................................ciii

1. Getting Started with RedBoot......................................................................................................................1

More information about RedBoot on the web........................................................................................1

Installing RedBoot..................................................................................................................................1

User Interface .........................................................................................................................................2

RedBoot Editing Commands..................................................................................................................2

RedBoot Startup Mode...........................................................................................................................3

RedBoot Resource Usage.......................................................................................................................4

Flash Resources ............................................................................................................................4

RAM Resources............................................................................................................................5

Conﬁguring the RedBoot Environment..................................................................................................5

Target Network Conﬁguration......................................................................................................5

Host Network Conﬁguration.........................................................................................................6

Enable TFTP on Red Hat Linux 6.2....................................................................................7

Enable TFTP on Red Hat Linux 7 (or newer).....................................................................7

Enable BOOTP/DHCP server on Red Hat Linux................................................................7

Enable DNS server on Red Hat Linux ................................................................................8

RedBoot network gateway ..................................................................................................9

Veriﬁcation..................................................................................................................................10

2. RedBoot Commands and Examples...........................................................................................................11

Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................11

Common Commands............................................................................................................................13

v

alias.............................................................................................................................................13

baudrate.......................................................................................................................................15

cache ...........................................................................................................................................17

channel........................................................................................................................................19

cksum..........................................................................................................................................21

disks ............................................................................................................................................23

dump ...........................................................................................................................................25

help..............................................................................................................................................27

ip_address ...................................................................................................................................29

load..............................................................................................................................................31

mcmp...........................................................................................................................................35

mﬁll.............................................................................................................................................37

ping .............................................................................................................................................39

reset.............................................................................................................................................41

version.........................................................................................................................................43

Flash Image System (FIS)....................................................................................................................45

ﬁs init ..........................................................................................................................................45

ﬁs list...........................................................................................................................................47

ﬁs free..........................................................................................................................................49

ﬁs create......................................................................................................................................51

ﬁs load.........................................................................................................................................55

ﬁs delete......................................................................................................................................57

ﬁs lock.........................................................................................................................................59

ﬁs unlock.....................................................................................................................................61

ﬁs erase........................................................................................................................................63

ﬁs write........................................................................................................................................65

Persistent State Flash-based Conﬁguration and Control......................................................................67

Executing Programs from RedBoot......................................................................................................70

go.................................................................................................................................................71

exec .............................................................................................................................................73

3. Rebuilding RedBoot...................................................................................................................................75

Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................75

Rebuilding RedBoot using ecosconﬁg........................................................................................75

Rebuilding RedBoot from the Conﬁguration Tool .....................................................................76

4. Updating RedBoot......................................................................................................................................79

Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................79

Load and start a RedBoot RAM instance ...................................................................................79

Update the primary RedBoot ﬂash image...................................................................................80

Reboot; run the new RedBoot image..........................................................................................81

5. Installation and Testing ..............................................................................................................................83

AM3x/MN103E010 Matsushita MN103E010 (AM33/2.0) ASB2305 Board .....................................83

Overview.....................................................................................................................................83

Initial Installation........................................................................................................................83

Preparing to program the board.........................................................................................83

Preparing to use the JTAG debugger.................................................................................84

Loading the RAM-based RedBoot via JTAG....................................................................84

Loading the boot PROM-based RedBoot via the RAM mode RedBoot...........................85

Additional Commands................................................................................................................86

vi

Memory Maps.............................................................................................................................87

Rebuilding RedBoot....................................................................................................................87

ARM/ARM7 ARM Evaluator7T..........................................................................................................88

Overview.....................................................................................................................................88

Initial Installation........................................................................................................................88

Quick download instructions ......................................................................................................88

Special RedBoot Commands ......................................................................................................89

Memory Maps.............................................................................................................................89

Rebuilding RedBoot....................................................................................................................89

ARM/ARM7+ARM9 ARM Integrator.................................................................................................90

Overview.....................................................................................................................................90

Initial Installation........................................................................................................................90

Quick download instructions ......................................................................................................90

Special RedBoot Commands ......................................................................................................91

Memory Maps.............................................................................................................................91

Rebuilding RedBoot....................................................................................................................92

ARM/ARM7+ARM9 ARM PID Board and EPI Dev7+Dev9.............................................................92

Overview.....................................................................................................................................93

Initial Installation Method...........................................................................................................93

Special RedBoot Commands ......................................................................................................93

Memory Maps.............................................................................................................................93

Rebuilding RedBoot....................................................................................................................93

ARM/ARM7 Atmel AT91 Evaluation Board (EB40)..........................................................................94

Overview.....................................................................................................................................94

Initial Installation Method...........................................................................................................94

Special RedBoot Commands ......................................................................................................95

Memory Maps.............................................................................................................................95

Rebuilding RedBoot....................................................................................................................96

ARM/ARM7 Cirrus Logic EP7xxx (EDB7211, EDB7212, EDB7312)..............................................96

Overview.....................................................................................................................................96

Initial Installation Method...........................................................................................................97

Special RedBoot Commands ......................................................................................................97

Memory Maps.............................................................................................................................97

Platform Resource Usage............................................................................................................98

Rebuilding RedBoot....................................................................................................................98

ARM/ARM9 Agilent AAED2000........................................................................................................98

Overview.....................................................................................................................................98

Initial Installation Method...........................................................................................................98

RedBoot as Primary Bootmonitor.....................................................................................98

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................100

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................101

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................101

ARM/ARM9 Altera Excalibur...........................................................................................................102

Overview...................................................................................................................................102

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................102

Flash management ....................................................................................................................103

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................103

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................103

vii

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................104

ARM/StrongARM(SA110) Intel EBSA 285......................................................................................104

Overview...................................................................................................................................104

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................105

Communication Channels.........................................................................................................105

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................105

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................105

Platform Resource Usage..........................................................................................................105

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................106

ARM/StrongARM(SA1100) Intel Brutus ..........................................................................................106

Overview...................................................................................................................................106

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................106

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................106

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................106

Platform Resource Usage..........................................................................................................107

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................107

ARM/StrongARM(SA1100) Intel SA1100 Multimedia Board .........................................................108

Overview...................................................................................................................................108

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................108

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................108

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................108

Platform Resource Usage..........................................................................................................109

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................109

ARM/StrongARM(SA1110) Intel SA1110 (Assabet)........................................................................109

Overview...................................................................................................................................110

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................110

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................110

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................110

Platform Resource Usage..........................................................................................................111

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................111

ARM/StrongARM(SA11X0) Bright Star Engineering commEngine and nanoEngine.....................111

Overview...................................................................................................................................111

Initial Installation......................................................................................................................112

Download Instructions..............................................................................................................112

Cohabiting with POST in Flash................................................................................................113

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................113

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................114

Nano Platform Port...................................................................................................................115

Ethernet Driver..........................................................................................................................115

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................115

ARM/StrongARM(SA11X0) Compaq iPAQ PocketPC.....................................................................116

Overview...................................................................................................................................116

Initial Installation......................................................................................................................116

Installing RedBoot on the iPAQ using Windows/CE ......................................................116

Installing RedBoot on the iPAQ - using the Compaq boot loader...................................117

Setting up and testing RedBoot.......................................................................................117

Installing RedBoot permanently......................................................................................118

Restoring Windows/CE...................................................................................................119

viii

Additional commands...............................................................................................................119

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................119

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................120

ARM/StrongARM(SA11X0) Intrinsyc CerfCube..............................................................................120

Overview...................................................................................................................................121

Initial Installation......................................................................................................................121

Additional commands...............................................................................................................121

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................122

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................122

ARM/Xscale Cyclone IQ80310 .........................................................................................................123

Overview...................................................................................................................................123

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................123

Error codes................................................................................................................................124

Using RedBoot with ARM Bootloader.....................................................................................124

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................125

IQ80310 Hardware Tests ..........................................................................................................125

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................126

Interrupts...................................................................................................................................126

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................128

Platform Resource Usage..........................................................................................................129

ARM/Xscale Intel IQ80321 ...............................................................................................................129

Overview...................................................................................................................................129

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................129

Switch Settings .........................................................................................................................130

LED Codes................................................................................................................................130

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................132

Memory Tests..................................................................................................................133

Repeating Memory Tests.................................................................................................133

Repeat-On-Fail Memory Tests........................................................................................133

Rotary Switch S1 Test.....................................................................................................133

7 Segment LED Tests......................................................................................................133

i82544 Ethernet Conﬁguration........................................................................................134

Battery Status Test...........................................................................................................134

Battery Backup SDRAM Memory Test ..........................................................................134

Timer Test........................................................................................................................134

PCI Bus Test....................................................................................................................134

CPU Cache Loop.............................................................................................................135

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................135

Interrupts...................................................................................................................................135

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................136

Platform Resource Usage..........................................................................................................137

CalmRISC/CalmRISC16 Samsung CalmRISC16 Core Evaluation Board........................................137

Overview...................................................................................................................................137

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................138

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................138

Special Note on Serial Channel ................................................................................................138

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................138

CalmRISC/CalmRISC32 Samsung CalmRISC32 Core Evaluation Board........................................139

ix

Overview...................................................................................................................................139

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................139

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................140

Special Note on Serial Channel ................................................................................................140

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................140

FRV/FRV400 Fujitsu FR-V 400 (MB-93091)....................................................................................140

Overview...................................................................................................................................140

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................141

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................141

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................141

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................141

IA32/x86 x86-Based PC.....................................................................................................................142

Overview...................................................................................................................................142

Initial Installation......................................................................................................................142

Flash management ....................................................................................................................143

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................143

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................143

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................143

MIPS/MIPS32(CoreLV 4Kc)+MIPS64(CoreLV 5Kc) Atlas Board ..................................................143

Overview...................................................................................................................................143

Initial Installation......................................................................................................................144

Quick download instructions...........................................................................................144

Atlas download format....................................................................................................144

Flash management ....................................................................................................................145

Additional conﬁg options................................................................................................145

Additional commands...............................................................................................................145

Interrupts...................................................................................................................................146

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................146

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................147

MIPS/MIPS32(CoreLV 4Kc)+MIPS64(CoreLV 5Kc) Malta Board..................................................147

Overview...................................................................................................................................147

Initial Installation......................................................................................................................147

Quick download instructions...........................................................................................148

Malta download format...................................................................................................148

Additional commands...............................................................................................................148

Interrupts...................................................................................................................................149

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................150

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................150

MIPS/RM7000 PMC-Sierra Ocelot ...................................................................................................150

Overview...................................................................................................................................151

Additional commands...............................................................................................................151

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................151

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................152

MIPS/VR4375 NEC DDB-VRC4375................................................................................................152

Overview...................................................................................................................................152

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................153

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................153

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................153

x

Ethernet Driver..........................................................................................................................154

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................154

PowerPC/MPC860T Analogue & Micro PowerPC 860T..................................................................154

Overview...................................................................................................................................154

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................154

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................155

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................155

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................155

PowerPC/MPC8XX Motorola MBX..................................................................................................155

Overview...................................................................................................................................155

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................156

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................156

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................156

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................157

SuperH/SH3(SH7708) Hitachi EDK7708..........................................................................................157

Overview...................................................................................................................................157

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................157

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................157

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................158

SuperH/SH3(SH7709) Hitachi Solution Engine 7709.......................................................................158

Overview...................................................................................................................................158

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................158

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................159

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................160

Ethernet Driver..........................................................................................................................160

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................160

SuperH/SH3(SH7729) Hitachi HS7729PCI.......................................................................................160

Overview...................................................................................................................................161

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................161

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................161

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................162

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................163

SuperH/SH3(SH77X9) Hitachi Solution Engine 77X9 .....................................................................163

Overview...................................................................................................................................163

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................163

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................164

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................165

Ethernet Driver..........................................................................................................................165

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................165

SuperH/SH4(SH7751) Hitachi Solution Engine 7751.......................................................................165

Overview...................................................................................................................................165

Initial Installation Method.........................................................................................................166

Special RedBoot Commands ....................................................................................................166

Memory Maps...........................................................................................................................167

Ethernet Driver..........................................................................................................................167

Rebuilding RedBoot..................................................................................................................167

xi

III. The eCos Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)..........................................................................................169

6. Introduction..............................................................................................................................................171

7. Architecture, Variant and Platform ..........................................................................................................173

8. General principles ....................................................................................................................................175

9. HAL Interfaces.........................................................................................................................................177

Base Deﬁnitions..................................................................................................................................177

Byte order..................................................................................................................................177

Label Translation ......................................................................................................................177

Base types .................................................................................................................................177

Atomic types.............................................................................................................................178

Architecture Characterization.............................................................................................................178

Register Save Format................................................................................................................178

Thread Context Initialization....................................................................................................178

Thread Context Switching ........................................................................................................179

Bit indexing...............................................................................................................................180

Idle thread activity ....................................................................................................................180

Reorder barrier..........................................................................................................................180

Breakpoint support....................................................................................................................180

GDB support.............................................................................................................................181

Setjmp and longjmp support.....................................................................................................181

Stack Sizes................................................................................................................................181

Address Translation ..................................................................................................................182

Global Pointer...........................................................................................................................182

Interrupt Handling..............................................................................................................................182

Vector numbers .........................................................................................................................182

Interrupt state control................................................................................................................183

ISR and VSR management .......................................................................................................184

Interrupt controller management...............................................................................................184

Clock control.............................................................................................................................186

Microsecond Delay...................................................................................................................186

HAL I/O..............................................................................................................................................186

Register address........................................................................................................................186

Register read .............................................................................................................................187

Register write............................................................................................................................187

Cache Control.....................................................................................................................................187

Cache Dimensions ....................................................................................................................188

Global Cache Control ...............................................................................................................189

Cache Line Control...................................................................................................................190

Linker Scripts .....................................................................................................................................191

Diagnostic Support.............................................................................................................................192

SMP Support ......................................................................................................................................192

Target Hardware Limitations....................................................................................................192

HAL Support.............................................................................................................................193

CPU Control....................................................................................................................193

Test-and-set Support........................................................................................................194

Spinlocks.........................................................................................................................194

Scheduler Lock................................................................................................................195

Interrupt Routing.............................................................................................................196

xii

10. Exception Handling................................................................................................................................197

HAL Startup .......................................................................................................................................197

Vectors and VSRs...............................................................................................................................198

Default Synchronous Exception Handling.........................................................................................200

Default Interrupt Handling.................................................................................................................200

11. Porting Guide.........................................................................................................................................203

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................203

HAL Structure....................................................................................................................................203

HAL Classes .............................................................................................................................203

File Descriptions.......................................................................................................................204

Common HAL.................................................................................................................205

Architecture HAL............................................................................................................205

Variant HAL....................................................................................................................206

Platform HAL..................................................................................................................207

Auxiliary HAL ................................................................................................................208

Virtual Vectors (eCos/ROM Monitor Calling Interface)....................................................................208

Virtual Vectors ..........................................................................................................................208

Initialization (or Mechanism vs. Policy).........................................................................208

Pros and Cons of Virtual Vectors ....................................................................................209

Available services............................................................................................................210

The COMMS channels .............................................................................................................210

Console and Debugging Channels ..................................................................................210

Mangling .........................................................................................................................211

Controlling the Console Channel....................................................................................211

Footnote: Design Reasoning for Control of Console Channel........................................212

The calling Interface API..........................................................................................................213

Implemented Services .....................................................................................................213

Compatibility...................................................................................................................214

Implementation details....................................................................................................215

New Platform Ports.........................................................................................................215

New architecture ports.....................................................................................................215

IO channels ...............................................................................................................................215

Available Procedures.......................................................................................................216

Usage...............................................................................................................................217

Compatibility...................................................................................................................218

Implementation Details ...................................................................................................218

New Platform Ports.........................................................................................................218

HAL Coding Conventions..................................................................................................................219

Implementation issues...............................................................................................................219

Source code details ...................................................................................................................220

Nested Headers .........................................................................................................................221

Platform HAL Porting........................................................................................................................221

HAL Platform Porting Process .................................................................................................222

Brief overview.................................................................................................................222

Step-by-step.....................................................................................................................222

Minimal requirements............................................................................................223

Adding features......................................................................................................224

Hints ................................................................................................................................225

xiii

HAL Platform CDL ..................................................................................................................226

eCos Database .................................................................................................................226

CDL File Layout .............................................................................................................227

Startup Type ....................................................................................................................228

Build options...................................................................................................................228

Common Target Options .................................................................................................230

Platform Memory Layout .........................................................................................................233

Layout Files.....................................................................................................................233

Reserved Regions............................................................................................................233

Platform Serial Device Support ................................................................................................233

Variant HAL Porting...........................................................................................................................235

HAL Variant Porting Process....................................................................................................235

HAL Variant CDL.....................................................................................................................236

Cache Support...........................................................................................................................237

Architecture HAL Porting..................................................................................................................238

HAL Architecture Porting Process ...........................................................................................238

CDL Requirements ...................................................................................................................244

12. Future developments ..............................................................................................................................247

IV. The ISO Standard C and Math Libraries...................................................................................................249

13. C and math library overview..................................................................................................................251

Included non-ISO functions ...............................................................................................................251

Math library compatibility modes......................................................................................................252

matherr() ...................................................................................................................................252

Thread-safety and re-entrancy ..................................................................................................254

Some implementation details .............................................................................................................254

Thread safety......................................................................................................................................256

C library startup..................................................................................................................................256

V. I/O Package (Device Drivers).........................................................................................................................259

14. Introduction............................................................................................................................................261

15. User API.................................................................................................................................................263

16. Serial driver details.................................................................................................................................265

Raw Serial Driver...............................................................................................................................265

Runtime Conﬁguration .............................................................................................................265

API Details................................................................................................................................267

cyg_io_write....................................................................................................................267

cyg_io_read.....................................................................................................................267

cyg_io_get_conﬁg...........................................................................................................267

cyg_io_set_conﬁg............................................................................................................270

TTY driver..........................................................................................................................................271

Runtime conﬁguration ..............................................................................................................271

API details.................................................................................................................................272

17. How to Write a Driver............................................................................................................................275

How to Write a Serial Hardware Interface Driver..............................................................................276

DevTab Entry............................................................................................................................277

Serial Channel Structure...........................................................................................................277

Serial Functions Structure.........................................................................................................278

Callbacks...................................................................................................................................279

xiv

Serial testing with ser_ﬁlter................................................................................................................281

Rationale...................................................................................................................................281

The Protocol..............................................................................................................................281

The Serial Tests.........................................................................................................................282

Serial Filter Usage.....................................................................................................................282

A Note on Failures....................................................................................................................284

Debugging.................................................................................................................................284

18. Device Driver Interface to the Kernel ....................................................................................................285

Interrupt Model...................................................................................................................................285

Synchronization..................................................................................................................................285

SMP Support ......................................................................................................................................286

Device Driver Models.........................................................................................................................286

Synchronization Levels ......................................................................................................................287

The API ..............................................................................................................................................288

cyg_drv_isr_lock.......................................................................................................................288

cyg_drv_isr_unlock...................................................................................................................289

cyg_drv_spinlock_init...............................................................................................................289

cyg_drv_spinlock_destroy........................................................................................................289

cyg_drv_spinlock_spin.............................................................................................................290

cyg_drv_spinlock_clear............................................................................................................290

cyg_drv_spinlock_try ...............................................................................................................291

cyg_drv_spinlock_test ..............................................................................................................291

cyg_drv_spinlock_spin_intsave................................................................................................292

cyg_drv_spinlock_clear_intsave...............................................................................................292

cyg_drv_dsr_lock......................................................................................................................293

cyg_drv_dsr_unlock..................................................................................................................293

cyg_drv_mutex_init ..................................................................................................................294

cyg_drv_mutex_destroy............................................................................................................294

cyg_drv_mutex_lock.................................................................................................................295

cyg_drv_mutex_trylock ............................................................................................................295

cyg_drv_mutex_unlock.............................................................................................................296

cyg_drv_mutex_release ............................................................................................................296

cyg_drv_cond_init ....................................................................................................................296

cyg_drv_cond_destroy..............................................................................................................297

cyg_drv_cond_wait...................................................................................................................297

cyg_drv_cond_signal................................................................................................................298

cyg_drv_cond_broadcast ..........................................................................................................298

cyg_drv_interrupt_create..........................................................................................................299

cyg_drv_interrupt_delete..........................................................................................................300

cyg_drv_interrupt_attach..........................................................................................................300

cyg_drv_interrupt_detach.........................................................................................................301

cyg_drv_interrupt_mask...........................................................................................................301

cyg_drv_interrupt_mask_intunsafe...........................................................................................301

cyg_drv_interrupt_unmask.......................................................................................................302

cyg_drv_interrupt_unmask_intunsafe.......................................................................................302

cyg_drv_interrupt_acknowledge...............................................................................................303

cyg_drv_interrupt_conﬁgure.....................................................................................................303

cyg_drv_interrupt_level............................................................................................................304

xv

cyg_drv_interrupt_set_cpu .......................................................................................................304

cyg_drv_interrupt_get_cpu.......................................................................................................305

cyg_ISR_t .................................................................................................................................305

cyg_DSR_t................................................................................................................................306

VI. File System Support Infrastructure.............................................................................................................309

19. Introduction............................................................................................................................................311

20. File System Table...................................................................................................................................313

21. Mount Table ...........................................................................................................................................315

22. File Table................................................................................................................................................317

23. Directories..............................................................................................................................................319

24. Synchronization .....................................................................................................................................321

25. Initialization and Mounting....................................................................................................................323

26. Sockets ...................................................................................................................................................325

27. Select......................................................................................................................................................327

28. Devices...................................................................................................................................................329

29. Writing a New Filesystem......................................................................................................................331

VII. PCI Library..................................................................................................................................................335

30. The eCos PCI Library ............................................................................................................................337

PCI Library.........................................................................................................................................337

PCI Overview............................................................................................................................337

Initializing the bus.....................................................................................................................337

Scanning for devices.................................................................................................................337

Generic conﬁg information.......................................................................................................338

Speciﬁc conﬁg information.......................................................................................................339

Allocating memory ...................................................................................................................339

Interrupts...................................................................................................................................340

Activating a device....................................................................................................................340

Links .........................................................................................................................................341

PCI Library reference.........................................................................................................................341

PCI Library API........................................................................................................................341

Deﬁnitions.................................................................................................................................342

Types and data structures..........................................................................................................342

Functions...................................................................................................................................342

Resource allocation...................................................................................................................344

PCI Library Hardware API.......................................................................................................345

HAL PCI support......................................................................................................................346

VIII. eCos POSIX compatibility layer...............................................................................................................349

31. POSIX Standard Support .......................................................................................................................351

Process Primitives [POSIX Section 3] ...............................................................................................351

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................351

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................352

Notes.........................................................................................................................................352

Process Environment [POSIX Section 4]...........................................................................................352

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................352

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................353

Notes.........................................................................................................................................353

Files and Directories [POSIX Section 5]............................................................................................354

xvi

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................354

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................354

Notes.........................................................................................................................................354

Input and Output [POSIX Section 6]..................................................................................................355

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................355

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................355

Notes.........................................................................................................................................355

Device and Class Speciﬁc Functions [POSIX Section 7]...................................................................355

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................355

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................356

Notes.........................................................................................................................................356

C Language Services [POSIX Section 8]...........................................................................................356

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................356

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................357

Notes.........................................................................................................................................357

System Databases [POSIX Section 9]................................................................................................357

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................357

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................357

Notes.........................................................................................................................................357

Data Interchange Format [POSIX Section 10]...................................................................................358

Synchronization [POSIX Section 11].................................................................................................358

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................358

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................358

Notes.........................................................................................................................................359

Memory Management [POSIX Section 12].......................................................................................359

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................359

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................359

Notes.........................................................................................................................................359

Execution Scheduling [POSIX Section 13]........................................................................................360

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................360

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................360

Notes.........................................................................................................................................360

Clocks and Timers [POSIX Section 14].............................................................................................361

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................361

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................361

Notes.........................................................................................................................................361

Message Passing [POSIX Section 15]................................................................................................362

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................362

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................362

Notes.........................................................................................................................................362

Thread Management [POSIX Section 16]..........................................................................................362

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................363

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................363

Notes.........................................................................................................................................363

Thread-Speciﬁc Data [POSIX Section 17].........................................................................................364

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................364

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................364

Notes.........................................................................................................................................364

xvii

Thread Cancellation [POSIX Section 18] ..........................................................................................364

Functions Implemented.............................................................................................................364

Functions Omitted.....................................................................................................................365

Notes.........................................................................................................................................365

Non-POSIX Functions........................................................................................................................365

General I/O Functions...............................................................................................................365

Socket Functions.......................................................................................................................365

Notes.........................................................................................................................................366

References and Bibliography.......................................................................................................................367

IX. µITRON .........................................................................................................................................................367

32. µITRON API..........................................................................................................................................369

Introduction to µITRON.....................................................................................................................369

µITRON and eCos..............................................................................................................................369

Task Management Functions..............................................................................................................370

Error checking...........................................................................................................................371

Task-Dependent Synchronization Functions......................................................................................372

Error checking...........................................................................................................................372

Synchronization and Communication Functions................................................................................373

Error checking...........................................................................................................................374

Extended Synchronization and Communication Functions ...............................................................375

Interrupt management functions.........................................................................................................375

Error checking...........................................................................................................................376

Memory pool Management Functions................................................................................................376

Error checking...........................................................................................................................378

Time Management Functions.............................................................................................................379

Error checking...........................................................................................................................379

System Management Functions..........................................................................................................380

Error checking...........................................................................................................................380

Network Support Functions................................................................................................................380

µITRON Conﬁguration FAQ..............................................................................................................381

X. TCP/IP Stack Support for eCos.....................................................................................................................387

33. Ethernet Driver Design...........................................................................................................................389

34. Sample Code ..........................................................................................................................................391

35. Conﬁguring IP Addresses ......................................................................................................................393

36. Tests and Demonstrations ......................................................................................................................395

Loopback tests....................................................................................................................................395

Building the Network Tests................................................................................................................395

Standalone Tests.................................................................................................................................395

Performance Test................................................................................................................................396

Interactive Tests..................................................................................................................................397

Maintenance Tools..............................................................................................................................398

37. Support Features ....................................................................................................................................401

TFTP...................................................................................................................................................401

DHCP .................................................................................................................................................401

38. TCP/IP Library Reference .....................................................................................................................403

getdomainname...................................................................................................................................403

gethostname........................................................................................................................................404

xviii

byteorder.............................................................................................................................................405

ethers...................................................................................................................................................407

getaddrinfo..........................................................................................................................................408

gethostbyname....................................................................................................................................414

getifaddrs............................................................................................................................................417

getnameinfo........................................................................................................................................418

getnetent .............................................................................................................................................422

getprotoent..........................................................................................................................................423

getrrsetbyname ...................................................................................................................................425

getservent............................................................................................................................................427

if_nametoindex...................................................................................................................................428

inet......................................................................................................................................................429

inet6_option_space.............................................................................................................................433

inet6_rthdr_space ...............................................................................................................................437

inet_net...............................................................................................................................................440

ipx.......................................................................................................................................................442

iso_addr ..............................................................................................................................................443

link_addr.............................................................................................................................................444

net_addrcmp.......................................................................................................................................445

ns.........................................................................................................................................................446

resolver...............................................................................................................................................447

accept..................................................................................................................................................450

bind.....................................................................................................................................................452

connect................................................................................................................................................453

getpeername........................................................................................................................................455

getsockname.......................................................................................................................................457

getsockopt...........................................................................................................................................458

ioctl.....................................................................................................................................................462

poll......................................................................................................................................................463

select...................................................................................................................................................465

send.....................................................................................................................................................467

shutdown.............................................................................................................................................470

socket..................................................................................................................................................471

socketpair............................................................................................................................................473

XI. FreeBSD TCP/IP Stack port for eCos.........................................................................................................475

39. Networking Stack Features....................................................................................................................477

40. Freebsd TCP/IP stack port .....................................................................................................................479

Targets ................................................................................................................................................479

Building the Network Stack ...............................................................................................................479

41. APIs........................................................................................................................................................481

Standard networking...........................................................................................................................481

Enhanced Select()...............................................................................................................................481

XII. OpenBSD TCP/IP Stack port for eCos......................................................................................................483

42. Networking Stack Features....................................................................................................................485

43. OpenBSD TCP/IP stack port..................................................................................................................487

Targets ................................................................................................................................................487

Building the Network Stack ...............................................................................................................487

xix

44. APIs........................................................................................................................................................489

Standard networking...........................................................................................................................489

Enhanced Select()...............................................................................................................................489

XIII. DNS for eCos and RedBoot .......................................................................................................................491

45. DNS........................................................................................................................................................493

DNS API.............................................................................................................................................493

XIV. Ethernet Device Drivers.............................................................................................................................495

46. Generic Ethernet Device Driver.............................................................................................................497

Generic Ethernet API .........................................................................................................................497

Review of the functions......................................................................................................................499

Init function...............................................................................................................................499

Start function.............................................................................................................................500

Stop function.............................................................................................................................500

Control function........................................................................................................................501

Can-send function.....................................................................................................................502

Send function............................................................................................................................502

Deliver function ........................................................................................................................503

Receive function .......................................................................................................................503

Poll function..............................................................................................................................504

Interrupt-vector function...........................................................................................................504

Upper Layer Functions.......................................................................................................................504

Callback Init function ...............................................................................................................505

Callback Tx-Done function.......................................................................................................505

Callback Receive function ........................................................................................................505

Calling graph for Transmission and Reception..................................................................................505

Transmission.............................................................................................................................505

Receive......................................................................................................................................506

XV. SNMP............................................................................................................................................................509

47. SNMP for eCos......................................................................................................................................511

Version................................................................................................................................................511

SNMP packages in the eCos source repository..................................................................................511

MIBs supported..................................................................................................................................511

Changes to eCos sources....................................................................................................................512

Starting the SNMP Agent...................................................................................................................512

Conﬁguring eCos................................................................................................................................513

Version usage (v1, v2 or v3).....................................................................................................513

Traps..........................................................................................................................................514

snmpd.conf ﬁle........................................................................................................................514

Test cases............................................................................................................................................515

SNMP clients and package use...........................................................................................................516

Unimplemented features.....................................................................................................................516

MIB Compiler ....................................................................................................................................517

snmpd.conf .........................................................................................................................................518

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Comtrol DeviceMaster 500 Reference guide

Brand: Comtrol

Model: DeviceMaster 500

Category: Software

Type: Reference guide

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