MTI Instruments Technical Manual 7001-0029
Revision 4.0 – January 21, 2013
AccuMeasure™ 9000
Capacitance Sensor Amplifier
Users Manual
MTI Instruments Incorporated
325 Washington Avenue Extension, Albany, New York 12205 USA
█ Phone (518) 218-2550 or 800-342-2203 (USA Only) █ Fax (518) 218-2506
█ Web www.mtiinstruments.com █ Email sales@mtiinstruments.com
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Revision History
Rev 4.0 Release
ii
WARRANTY
Seller warrants to the Purchaser that equipment to be delivered hereunder which is of Seller's own
manufacture will be free from defects in material or workmanship and will be of the kind and quality
designed or specified in the contract. Any parts of the equipment which have been purchased by Seller
are warranted only to the extent of the original manufacturer's warranty.
This warranty shall apply only to defects appearing within 1 year from the date of shipment by Seller. If the
equipment delivered hereunder does not meet the above warranty, and if the Purchaser promptly notifies
Seller, Seller shall thereupon correct any defect, including nonconformance with the specifications, either,
at its option, by repairing any defective or damaged parts of the equipment, or by making available at
Seller's plant necessary repaired or replacement parts. No allowance will be made for repairs or
alterations made by others without Seller's written consent or approval. Seller assumes no responsibility
for damage caused by improper installation or by operation in violation of its rated operating condition,
intentional or otherwise, or by improper handling or maintenance. The liability of Seller under this warranty
(except as to title), or for any loss or damage to the equipment, whether the claim is based on contract or
negligence, shall not in any case exceed the cost of correcting defects in the equipment as herein
provided and upon the expiration of the warranty period of all such a liability shall terminate. The foregoing
shall constitute the exclusive remedy of the purchaser and the exclusive liability of the Seller.
The foregoing warranty is exclusive and in lieu of all warranties, whether written, oral, implied or statutory
(except as to title). There are no warranties which extend beyond those expressly stated in this contract.
FCC NOTICES
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction manual, may cause interference with radio and television
reception. This equipment has been designed as a Class A digital device of the FCC rules. These limits
are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a commercial installation.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment
does cause harmful interference, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, you are
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Relocate the instrument with respect to the other device.
Plug the instrument into a different outlet so that the instrument and the other device are on
different branch circuits.
If necessary, consult a representative of MTI Instruments. You may find the following booklet helpful: FCC
Interference Handbook, 1986, available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402, Stock No. 004-000-00450-7.
Information in this manual is subject to change without notice.
© 2013 MTI Instruments
iii
SAFETY WARNINGS
Warning Symbol Definitions
DISCLAIMERS
Language Requirements
Use Requirements
Use Requirements
Electrical Shock Hazard Areas
Electrical Shock/Electrocution Hazard.
DISCLAIMER: EU LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS
This is the Original Instructions version of the User Manual. It is illegal to
operate this equipment in a European Union (EU) Member State unless the
manual is written in an official language of the Member State. Contact MTI
Instruments for the availability of translated manuals.
WARNING: ELECTRICAL SHOCK/ELECTROCUTION HAZARD
This equipment is connected to AC mains power. There are no user
serviceable parts within the controller box. Do not attempt to open the
controller box or insert foreign objects into the box vent openings.
DISCLAIMER: USE OTHER THAN INTENDED PURPOSE
Using this product in a manner or a purpose other than the manner or purpose
specified by the manufacturer may impair the safety features of this product.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SAFETY WARNINGS III
DISCLAIMERS III
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... IV
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 ACCUMEASURE™ 9000 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................1
1.2 PROBE AMPLIFIER SPECIFICATIONS......................................................................................................2
1.3 PROBE SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................................................................3
1.4 RECEIVING INSPECTION PROCEDURE ...................................................................................................4
1.5 RETURN SHIPMENT PROCEDURE..........................................................................................................5
2 OPERATING PRINCIPLES 6
3 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS 8
3.1 POWER REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................................8
3.2 CONNECTIONS ....................................................................................................................................9
3.3 CONTROL SWITCHES.........................................................................................................................13
3.4 DISPLAYS..........................................................................................................................................13
3.5 PROBE MOUNTING.............................................................................................................................14
3.6 PROBE CABLES.................................................................................................................................15
3.7 TARGET GROUNDING.........................................................................................................................15
3.8 STATIC ELECTRIC DISCHARGE PRECAUTION.......................................................................................15
4 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 16
4.1 PROBE AMPLIFIER CALIBRATION CHECK.............................................................................................16
4.2 PUSHED AMPLIFIERS AND PROBES.....................................................................................................18
4.3 CONDUCTIVE TARGET THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS............................................................................19
5 TROUBLESHOOTING 20
1
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Accumeasure™ 9000 System Description
The Accumeasure System 9000 amplifier is a high-precision single or dual-channel capacitance probe
amplifier that uses standard or custom MTI noncontact probes. Its analog output voltage is proportional to
the gap between a probe and its measurement target. A front-panel bargraph is available for each probe
channel to indicate the probe gap value. This indicator is used for initial probe gap setup and for periodic
monitoring of the magnitude of the average gap. An optional digital panel meter is available in place of the
bargraph to provide a numerical indication of the probe gap. This meter is calibrated to indicate a voltage
reading proportional to the rear panel output signal voltage.
The probes measure displacement from the probe face to the target and are connected to the amplifier
with special low-noise coaxial cable. The cable’s outer shield is electrically driven to cancel the cable’s
parasitic capacitance and ensure the highest linearity. Front-panel gain and offset controls permit minor
adjustments of the probe calibration characteristics.
An internal 5-pole Butterworth low-pass filter removes unwanted high-frequency noise for the best
resolution possible. Optional filter cutoff frequencies of 10 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz and 5 kHz are
available.
Two separate factory preset calibrations are offered. The primary calibration produces an analog output
proportional to the probe range divided by 10 volts. For a probe with a 1mm (0.039inch) range and a 10V
full-scale output, the analog output is 0.1mm per volt (0.0039inches per volt).
The second type of calibration produces a normalized 0.025m per millivolt (0.98 micro-inch per millivolt)
calibration slope when used with any MTI probe. With this type of calibration, a 1mm (0.039 inch) range
probe would have a range of 200m (7.8mils), a 0.025m per millivolt (0.98 micro-inch per millivolt)
sensitivity factor, and a standoff of 1mm (0.039 inches). The advantage of this type of calibration is that
any probe type will have the same sensitivity factor of 1 micro-inch per millivolt, regardless of its range.
2
1.2 Probe Amplifier Specifications
1
Output Signal: 0-10VDC Nominal
Maximum Adjustable Offset: -5V (provides and output of -5 to +5VDC)
Measurement Range
2
: 0-12.5mm (0.500inch)
Dynamic Resolution
3
: 0.000075%/√Hz FSR RMS
Linearity
4
: ±0.02% FSR
Repeatability
5
±0.01% FSR
Frequency Response (Factory Selectable): DC-5kHz
Warm-up Up time 1 Hour
Temperature Stability: ±0.01% FSR/ºC
Time Stability
6
±0.01% FSR/100 hours
Output Signal
7
: 0-10VDC
Power: 100 to 240VAC, 50/60Hz, 20 Watts
Operating Temperature: 4 to 40ºC (40 to 100ºF)
Storage Temperature: -15 to 65ºC (5 to 150ºF)
Dimensions (LxWxH): 241x165x56mm (9.5x6.5x2.2”)
Mass : 2.3kg (5lbs)
Probe Voltage : 8.5Vrms Max
Bargraph : Proportional to gap, 10% of range per bar.
1
All specs require that the probe is factory matched to the amplifier. Cable length is 2.5m. Freq is 500Hz.
2
Dependant on probe type selected.
3
100-5kHz. Equivalent to 0.00167% FSR @500Hz RMS.
4
After 100hours site acclimation, warm up, 20ºC,100kPa,50% (Temperature, Pressure, Humidity).
5
After 100hours site acclimation, warm up, 20ºC,100kPa,50% (Temperature, Pressure, Humidity).
6
After 100hours site acclimation, warm up, 20ºC/100kPa/50% (Temperature, Pressure, Humidity).
7
Signal Proportional to probe gap.
3
1.3 Probe Specifications
Temperature Rating: Standard Probes: -130 to 205ºC (-200 to 400ºF)
Probe Connector (if equipped): -65 to 105ºC (-85 to 220ºF)
Cable: -90 to 200ºC (-130 to 390ºF)
Cable Termination at Amplifier: -65 to 165ºC (-85 to 330ºF)
High-temperature, Cryogenic, and Vacuum compatible probes
are available. Contact the factory.
Accuracy: ±0.05% of range when calibrated to a known standard.
Probe Cable Interchangeability: Accurate within ±0.5% of range without recalibration
Pressure Rating: Standard, 1400kPa (200psig). Higher pressure probes available.
Contact factory.
Cable Length: 2.5m (8.2ft)
Construction: 304 stainless steel standard. Lower coefficient of thermal
expansion designs available. Contact factory
4
1.4 Receiving Inspection Procedure
The Accumeasure™ 9000 is shipped from MTI fully assembled and packed in a cardboard carton with
foam inserts to guard against shipping damage. Upon receipt, perform the following procedure before
using the unit to perform dimensional measurements:
1. Inspect the exterior of the shipping carton. Note any obvious damage. If shipping damage is
evident, file a claim with the carrier.
2. Remove the instrument from the shipping carton. Inspect the instrument's exterior for any signs of
damage.
3. Apply AC power to the unit and place the power switch the “ON” position.
4. The front panel POWER indicator, and the bargraph(s) or optional digital panel meter(s) should be
illuminated. Without a probe cable(s) attached to the probe connector on the front panel, all of the
bargraph display segments should be fully illuminated. Instruments with the optional digital panel
meter should indicate a voltage higher than +10.0 VDC.
5. Place the front panel OFFSET switch(s) in the “out” position.
6. Attach a coaxial cable from the channel 1 output signal connector on the rear panel to a digital
voltmeter. The voltmeter reading should be higher than +10.000 VDC.
7. If the unit is an Accumeasure 9000-2, attach a coaxial cable from the channel 2 output signal
connector on the rear panel to a digital voltmeter. The voltmeter reading should be higher than
+10.000 VDC.
8. If any problems were found with the front-panel display(s) or with the output signal amplitude(s),
contact MTI at 1-518-218-2550.
5
1.5 Return Shipment Procedure
Contact MTI at 1-518-218-2550 to receive return authorization prior to shipping the instrument. Reference
the instrument's name, model and serial numbers on all correspondence. Be sure to include a brief
description of the reason for the return. Place the instrument in the original shipping carton (if available)
and forward prepaid to:
MTI Instruments, Inc.
Supervisor of Manufacturing
325 Washington Avenue Extension
Albany, NY 12205-5505
Mark "RMA" and the RMA number (if a number is issued) on the outside of the box. If the original packing
materials are not available:
1. Wrap the instrument in plastic or heavy paper.
2. Place packing material around all sides of the instrument and pack it in a cardboard carton.
3. Place instrument and inner container in a sturdy cardboard carton or wooden box.
6
2 OPERATING PRINCIPLES
AccumeasureTM System measurement technology is based on the principle of parallel plate capacitor
measurement. The electrical capacitance formed between an AccumeasureTM probe and a target surface
varies as a function of the distance (gap) between these two surfaces. This function can be stated as:
Figure 1: Capacitance Probe Physics
7
The AccumeasureTM System measures the electrical impedance of the capacitance between a sensing
electrode in the probe and a ground-referenced target. The magnitude of the impedance is proportional to
the reciprocal of the capacitance value as defined by the equation below:
C
Zc1
where:
is proportional to the frequency at which the capacitance measurement is performed.
Substituting the equation for capacitance into the impedance equation shows that the impedance is directly
proportional to the gap value D, as shown in the following equation:
A
D
ZC
The AccumeasureTM probe amplifier produces a DC voltage that is linearly proportional to the average value
of the probe gap impedance, and an AC voltage variation from the DC voltage that is directly proportional to
the amplitude of the target vibration. The amplifier electronic circuitry eliminates the effects of both the probe
cable capacitance and the stray capacitance at the edge of the probe sensing area that could cause non-
linearity of the gap and vibration measurements.
The standard probe cable length is 2.5m (8.2ft) and standard full scale gap probes from 25um to 5mm
(0.001 to 0.200 inches) are available. Custom cable lengths from 300mm to 15m (1 to 50ft) and custom
probes from 12.5um to 12.7mm (0.0005 to 0.5 inches) can be used with the AccumeasureTM probe
amplifier. Contact the factory for details on custom cables and/or probe lengths.
8
3 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
3.1 Power Requirements
The Accumeasure System 9000 unit may be powered by either a 50-Hz or 60-Hz power source with a
voltage ranging from 100 to 240 Vac. No changes in the unit setup are required for power source voltages
in this range. The unit has a standard IEC 320, 3-conductor power receptacle on rear panel for attachment
of the power cable and a power switch on the power input assembly. Refer to the Connections section
(pg. 10) and the Control Switches section (pg. 14) for the exact locations of components.
To change the power line fuse, use the following procedure:
1. Remove the power cord from the rear panel power receptacle.
2. Pry up one end of the power receptacle cover by inserting the blade of a small screwdriver under
the tab next to the CORCOM lettering.
3. Rotate the receptacle cover to provide access to the red fuse holder.
4. Remove the red fuse holder from the receptacle by pulling it straight out.
5. Remove the suspected open fuse and replace it with a .4 amp, 5mm X 20mm slow blow fuse,
type Bussman S506. The amperage rating is also listed on the rear panel of the Accumeasure
System 9000 unit.
6. Insert the red fuse holder into the receptacle with the fuse toward the bottom of the unit.
7. Rotate the receptacle cover back in place until it snaps securely into the receptacle.
8. Insert the power cord into the receptacle and apply AC power to the unit.
9
3.2 Connections
The Accumeasure 9000 probe amplifier unit requires four connections for operation:
The probe cable(s)
The target ground
The output signal(s)
The AC power cable.
The probe cable(s) should be connected to the BNC connector(s) labeled INPUT on the front panel of the
Accumeasure 9000-1 (see Figure 3: Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Front Panel – Digital Display or Figure 2:
Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Front Panel – Bargraph Display) or the Accumeasure 9000-2 (see Figure 5:
Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Front Panel-Digital Display or Figure 4: Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Front Panel-
Bargraph Display).
Connect the Accumeasure 9000 to a standard AC power source with the provided three-wire IEC 320,
power cable plugged into the rear panel (see Figure 7: Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Rear Panel or Figure 6:
Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Rear Panel).
The target ground wire should be connected to the black, binding post labeled GROUND on the rear
panel (see Figure 7: Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Rear Panel or).
The displacement voltage output signal(s) is available from the BNC connector(s) labeled 1, 2, and SUM
on the rear panel (see Figure 7: Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Rear Panel or).
The output impedance of all outputs is 50 ohms. Any good quality coaxial cable or twisted pair cable,
shielded or unshielded, up to a length of 100 feet (30 meters) can be used to connect to other equipment
(refer to pg.14 for the recommended load impedance on the Signal Output connectors).
NOTE
The shield/braid of the probe cable and connectors is driven at the probe carrier voltage and cannot be grounded.
Most commercially available pass-through fittings tie the outer conductor to the chassis, thus grounding the shield.
When using extension cables, insulate the connections so that they do not come in electrical contact with the
equipment chassis
The shield integrity of the probe cable cannot be broken. If the probe cable is damaged, it is recommended that it be
replaced rather than repaired.
10
!
Power Indicator
Bargraph Display
Gain Adjustment
Offset Switch & Indicator
Offset Adjustment
Probe Input
Offset Switch & Indicator
Offset Adjustment
Digital Display
Power Indicator
Gain Adjustment
!
Figure 3: Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Front Panel – Digital Display
Figure 2: Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Front Panel – Bargraph Display
11
Channel 2 Bargraph Display
Probe Input
Channel 2
Probe Input
Channel 1
Channel 1 Offset Switch & Indicator
Channel 1 Offset Adjustment
Channel 1 Gain Adjustment
Channel 2 Offset Switch & Indicator
Channel 2 Offset Adjustment
Power Indicator
Channel 2 Gain Adjustment
!
Channel 1 Bargraph Display
!
Channel 1 Offset Switch & Indicator
Channel 2 Offset Switch & Indicator
Probe Input
Channel 1
Probe Input
Channel 2
Channel 2 Offset Adjustment
Channel 2 Digital Display
Channel 1 Digital Display
Channel 2 Gain Adjustment
Channel 1 Gain Adjustment
Power Indicator
Channel 1 Offset Adjustment
Figure 4: Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Front Panel-Bargraph Display
Figure 5: Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Front Panel-Digital Display
12
Signal Output
Ground Connection Power Cable Connection
Fuse
On/Off Switch
Signal Output
20 W
50/60 Hz
1
100-240 VAC
T 0.4A, 250V
Signal Output
Signal Output
Ground Connection Power Cable Connection
Fuse
On/Off Switch
Signal Output
21
20 W
T 0.4A, 250V
100-240 VAC
50/60 Hz
SUM
Figure 6: Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Rear Panel
Figure 7: Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Rear Panel
13
Do not attempt to make adjustments other than calibrating the probe amplifier gain and offset controls on
the front panel. The unit is calibrated at the factory to perform within published specifications. If this
performance is not attained in the field, check for damaged cables, poor grounding, or a damaged probe.
3.3 Control Switches
The Accumeasure™ 9000 control switches that are used during the installation are:
The AC power ON/OFF switch.
The external offset switch for each probe amplifier channel.
The AC power ON/OFF switch is located on the rear panel mounted power input module next to the
power cable attachment receptacle. Figure 7: Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Rear Panel and Figure 6:
Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Rear Panel indicate the switch location. The position of this “rocker-type” switch
controls the application of AC power line voltage to the Accumeasure 9000 unit. Pressing the “I” side of
the switch connects the AC voltage to the unit and turns the unit “ON”. Pressing the “O” side of the switch
disconnects the AC voltage, on turns the unit “OFF”.
Each probe amplifier channel has an external offset switch that is located on the Accumeasure 9000
front panel. The exact switch locations are shown on Figure 3: Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Front Panel –
Digital Display, Figure 2: Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Front Panel – Bargraph Display, Figure 5:
Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Front Panel-Digital Display, and Figure 4: Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Front Panel-
Bargraph Display. These switches are “push-on/push-off”, alternating position type switches that move in
and out 2.5mm (0.1”) with each alternate push operation. The function of the switch is to engage and dis-
engage the front panel accessible offset control that is used to perform in-place probe calibration (see 4.1
Probe Amplifier Calibration Check). The external offset potentiometer is dis-engaged when the
switch is set to its “out” position. The control is engaged for offset adjustment when the switch set to its
“in” position. The offset switch indicator above the switch lights when the switch is “in” to indicate that the
external offset potentiometer is engaged. During the initial installation testing of the Accumeasure 9000
the external offset switch(s) should be positioned in the “out” position, with the offset switch indicator not
lighted, so that the factory offset calibration is being tested.
3.4 Displays
Displays included on the Accumeasure 9000 unit are:
The Power Indicator
The Offset Switch Indicator
The Bargraph Display
The Optional Digital Panel Meter
The power indicator is a green LED lamp that is lighted whenever AC power line voltage is connected to
the unit by the power ON/OFF switch. The power indicator is located on Accumeasure 9000 front panel
at the position shown on Figure 3: Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Front Panel – Digital Display, Figure 2:
Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Front Panel – Bargraph Display, Figure 5: Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Front Panel-
Digital Display, and Figure 4: Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Front Panel-Bargraph Display.
Each probe amplifier in the Accumeasure 9000 has a front panel located offset switch indicator to
indicate when the external offset potentiometer is engaged. The location of this indicator, above the
external offset switch for each channel, is shown on Accumeasure 9000 front panel at the position shown
on Figure 3: Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Front Panel – Digital Display, Figure 2: Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Front
NOTE
The output impedance of the rear panel signal output BNC connector(s) is 50. When connecting to
an instrument such as a volt meter or an analog to digital converter, the input impedance of the
instrument must be greater than 100k. Failure to due so will result in an apparent calibration error.
14
Panel – Bargraph Display, Figure 5: Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Front Panel-Digital Display, and Figure 4:
Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Front Panel-Bargraph Display. The offset switch indicator is a blue, LED lamp
that is lighted when the offset switch is positioned in its “in” position and the front panel located, external
offset potentiometer, is engaged.
The Accumeasure 9000 probe amplifier has a bargraph display on the front panel to indicate the value of
the probe-to-target gap. Each bargraph is a ten element, green LED array that is calibrated to display,
within +/-5% of the full scale probe range, the relative gap value. The number of display elements lighted
indicates the gap magnitude. For instance, for a gap value between touch and 10% of the full-scale gap,
only the left element is lighted, and for a gap value between 50% and 60% of full scale, the six left
elements are lighted. The location of the bargraph display(s) is shown on Figure 2: Accumeasure™
9000-1 Front Panel – Bargraph Display and Figure 4: Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Front Panel-Bargraph
Display.
A back lighted, digital panel meter to display the probe gap signal for each probe channel is available, as
an option, to replace the bargraph display in the Accumeasure 9000. The meter has a 3 1/2 digit display
that is calibrated to produce a reading equal to the rear panel output signal voltage with a full scale range
of +/-10.00 VDC. The meter has a resolution of 0.01 VDC, and an accuracy of +/-0.02 VDC. The location
of the digital display(s) is shown on Figure 3: Accumeasure™ 9000-1 Front Panel – Digital DisplayFigure
5: Accumeasure™ 9000-2 Front Panel-Digital Display.
3.5 Probe Mounting
Since AccumeasureTM 9000 measures probe-to-target gap, the probe fixture must have good mechanical
stability and alignment. The fixture must hold the probe securely and maintain the probe face parallel to
the target surface. Probe tilt causes measurement errors, so a tilt of less than 5% of range is
recommended. That would mean that for a 500um (20 mil) range sensor, the edge of the sensor should
tilt no more than 25um (1 mil) on a side.
It is recommended that the probe fixture be connected to the same ground return as the target if the target
is grounded. The fixture should have a noise-free, low-impedance return path to the DC supply ground of
the power supply that provides the DC voltages to the AccumeasureTM 9000 single channel probe
amplifier board unit. Values of up to 1 kilo-ohm resistance may be tolerated under certain conditions, such
as when maximum system linearity and resolution are not required.
If a direct ground connection is not possible, a capacitive-coupled connection can be used. Be aware that
a 350pF value in the return path will introduce a small amount of measurement noise. Larger
capacitances will introduce correspondingly smaller amounts of noise (1000pF or larger is recommended).
In practice, the ground return path may be provided automatically if the target is at ground potential and is
connected back to the amplifier ground connector through the ground terminal on the AC supply line. To
minimize the measurement noise, connect a ground lead directly from the probe fixture and target to the
ground connector on the probe amplifier module.
The probe should be mounted to meet two important conditions:
1) At a minimum excursion, the probe-to-target gap should be no less than 5% of the probe range.
2) At maximum excursion, the target gap must not exceed 95% of the full-scale probe range.
Before performing a measurement, ensure that the probe and target under test are clean and free from
debris.
CAUTION
The probe connector and the probe body on ASP-1, ASP-2, ASP-5, and ASP-10 probes carry a 3 to
5Vrms electrical guard voltage for the cable shield and the probe. These must not be shorted to ground
by the fixture or the system will be inoperative.
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