Harris Intraplex NetXpress LX CM-30 Installation & Operation Manual

Brand: Harris

Model: Intraplex NetXpress LX CM-30

Type: Installation & Operation Manual

This manual is also suitable for

Intraplex

NetXpress LX

™

Audio IP Multiplexer

& CM-30 IP Interface Module

Installation & Operation Manual

NetXpress LX Multiplexer

CM-30 Common Module

MA-230 Module Adapter

Version 1

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Intraplex

NetXpress LX & CM-30

Installation & Operation Manual

Version 1, September 2010

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, Intraplex

, NetXpress™,

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trademarks of Harris Corporation. Other

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Harris Corporation

Intraplex Products

4393 Digital Way

Mason, OH 45040

USA

Sales: +1 513 459 3400

Fax: +1 513 701 5316

E-mail:

intraplex@harris.com

Web:

www.broadcast.harris.com

Get Support

If you have a technical question or issue with your Intraplex

Products equipment, please check our customer support Web

page:

http://www.broadcast.harris.com/servicesandsupport/productsSupport.asp

You can also call Customer Service or send non-emergency

e-mail:

● U.S., Canada, and Latin America: +1-217-222-8200 or

tsuppor[email protected]

● Europe, Middle East, and Africa: +44-118-967-8100 or

Service.europe@harris.com

● Asia and Pacific Rim: +852-2776-0628 or

BCDService@harris.com

Version Date Revisions Made Section Pages Editor

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Table of Contents

Section 1 – Introduction ................................................................ 1-1

1.1 Key Features .................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Manual Use ...................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 Manual Scope ................................................................................... 1-2

1.4 Components ..................................................................................... 1-2

1.4.1 Main Equipment Shelf ............................................................................1-2

1.4.2 CM-30 IP Interface Module ......................................................................1-2

1.4.3 MA-230 Module Adapter .........................................................................1-4

1.4.4 Other Modules and Module Adapters ........................................................1-4

1.4.5 Indicator Lights .....................................................................................1-4

1.5 Web Browser User Interface .............................................................. 1-4

Section 2 – Functional Design ........................................................ 2-1

2.1 Network Concepts and Considerations ................................................. 2-1

2.1.1 MTU throughout the Network ...................................................................2-1

2.1.2 DHCP Use .............................................................................................2-1

2.1.3 Routing Table Construction .....................................................................2-1

2.1.4 WAN Port Auto-negotiation ......................................................................2-2

2.1.5 ICMP Support ........................................................................................2-2

2.1.6 IGMP Multicast ......................................................................................2-2

2.2 Streams ........................................................................................... 2-3

2.2.1 Stream Types ........................................................................................2-3

2.2.2 Stream Addressing .................................................................................2-4

2.2.3 Multicast Group Addressing .....................................................................2-4

2.2.4 Telephony .............................................................................................2-5

2.2.5 Echo Cancellation ...................................................................................2-5

2.2.6 Packetization and Overhead ....................................................................2-6

2.2.7 Packet Jitter Compensation .....................................................................2-6

2.2.8 Packet/Stream Information Calculation .....................................................2-6

2.2.9 Stream Statistics ...................................................................................2-7

2.3 System Security ............................................................................... 2-7

2.3.1 NetXpress LX Login ................................................................................2-8

2.3.2 Management Protocols on an Interface .....................................................2-8

2.3.3 IP Access List Use ..................................................................................2-8

2.3.4 SNMP Communities ................................................................................2-8

2.4 NetXpress LX QoS ............................................................................ 2-9

2.4.1 COS Levels for Stream Data ....................................................................2-9

2.4.2 TOS Byte Marking for Outbound Stream Packets .......................................2-9

2.4.3 User-Defined TOS Byte Setting for Outbound SNMP and HTTP Packets .........2-9

2.5 NetXpress LX Internal TDM Busses ..................................................... 2-9

2.5.1 Compatibility with Intraplex TDM Channel Modules ....................................2-9

2.5.2 TDM Channel Loopbacks ....................................................................... 2-11

2.5.3 TDM Bus Mapping ................................................................................ 2-11

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2.6 System Time-of-Day ....................................................................... 2-12

2.7 System Timing ............................................................................... 2-12

2.7.1 Types of System Timing ....................................................................... 2-12

2.7.2 NetXpress LX Timing Scenarios ............................................................. 2-13

2.8 NetXpress LX System and FEC ......................................................... 2-17

2.9 Power ........................................................................................... 2-18

2.10 Voice Signaling .............................................................................. 2-18

2.10.1 RBS ................................................................................................... 2-18

2.10.2 CAS ................................................................................................... 2-18

2.11 Software Download ........................................................................ 2-19

2.12 Configuration Files Backup and Restoration ....................................... 2-19

2.13 Fault Detection and Reporting .......................................................... 2-19

2.13.1 Alarm Hierarchy .................................................................................. 2-20

2.13.2 Alarm History ...................................................................................... 2-20

2.13.3 SNMP Traps Use for Fault Reporting ....................................................... 2-20

Section 3 – Installation & Wiring ................................................... 3-1

3.1 Installation Preparation...................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 Tools & Cables Required .........................................................................3-1

3.1.2 Equipment Unpacking & Inspection ..........................................................3-1

3.2 Installation ....................................................................................... 3-2

3.2.1 Shelf Installation ...................................................................................3-2

3.2.2 CM-30 Module Kit Installation ..................................................................3-2

3.2.3 Channel Module Installation ....................................................................3-8

3.2.4 Power Supply Installation .......................................................................3-9

3.3 Wiring & External Connections ............................................................ 3-9

3.4 Power Application ........................................................................... 3-15

Section 4 – Configuration & Operation .......................................... 4-1

4.1 Download Current Software................................................................ 4-1

4.2 Configuration Procedures ................................................................... 4-1

4.2.1 Connect and Log On to Access NetXpress LX Home Page ............................4-1

4.2.2 View System Mode .................................................................................4-2

4.2.3 Perform General Setup ...........................................................................4-2

4.3 NetXpress LX Pages ......................................................................... 4-14

4.3.1 Start at NetXpress LX Home Page .......................................................... 4-14

4.3.2 Define & Review Fault Information ......................................................... 4-16

4.3.3 Configure the System ........................................................................... 4-21

4.3.4 Configure the Network ......................................................................... 4-36

4.3.5 Configure Streams ............................................................................... 4-49

4.3.6 Check Multiplexer Performance .............................................................. 4-59

4.3.7 Set Up Security ................................................................................... 4-71

4.3.8 Send Echo Requests ............................................................................. 4-75

4.3.9 Configure CM-30 Module ...................................................................... 4-75

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4.3.10 Configure Individual Modules (TDM Modules and CAMs) ............................ 4-79

Section 5 – Testing & Troubleshooting ......................................... 5-1

5.1 Testing ........................................................................................... 5-1

5.1.1 General Status Test ...............................................................................5-1

5.1.2 CM-30 Alarm Test ..................................................................................5-2

5.1.3 Ping Test ..............................................................................................5-4

5.1.4 Streams Test ........................................................................................5-4

5.2 Troubleshooting ................................................................................ 5-6

5.2.1 Channel Module Addition ........................................................................5-6

5.2.2 Web Browser Interface ...........................................................................5-6

Section 6 – Specifications .............................................................. 6-1

6.1 Detailed Specifications ...................................................................... 6-1

6.1.1 NetXpress LX IP Multiplexer ....................................................................6-1

6.1.2 CM-30 IP Interface Module ......................................................................6-3

6.2 Notice of FCC Compliance .................................................................. 6-5

Appendix A – T1/E1-to-NetXpress LX Multiplexer Conversion ....... A-1

A.1 Installation Preparation ..................................................................... A-1

A.1.1 Equipment Unpacking & Inspection ......................................................... A-1

A.1.2 Card Slot Selection ............................................................................... A-2

A.2 IP Multiplexer Conversion Process ...................................................... A-2

A.2.1 CM-30 & MA-230 Installation into the First Multiplexer .............................. A-2

A.2.2 First CM-30 IP Interface Module Configuration .......................................... A-3

A.2.3 CM-30 & MA-230 Installation into the Second Multiplexer .......................... A-4

A.2.4 Second CM-30 IP Interface Module Configuration ...................................... A-4

A.2.5 Configuration of Both CM-30 Modules to Work Together ............................ A-4

A.2.6 Removal of the Original Common Modules ............................................... A-6

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Section 1 – Introduction

This manual covers both the NetXpress LX IP multiplexer and the CM-30 IP interface module. The

NetXpress LX multiplexer provides convenient provisioning and management tools to enhance

operational efficiency. This IP platform supports both unicast and multicast and is compatible with the

Intraplex NetXpress multiplexer.

The NetXpress LX multiplexer combines the technology of the original NetXpress multiplexer in a

module configuration compatible with Intraplex T1 or E1 systems. The NetXpress LX multiplexer is

available in either a 3RU frame with capacity for up to 17 application modules or a 1RU frame that can

hold five application modules. This multiplexer can work in a simple point-to-point and point-to-

multipoint designs and also as an “edge” device with the NetXpress multiplexer in large, multisite

networks.

While the CM-30 IP interface module operates as the command module in a NetXpress LX multiplexer,

this module can also replace the network interface module in an existing T1 or E1 system, converting

it to IP while utilizing the existing chassis with all its audio, voice, and data modules. With the CM-30

module, you can easily transition an existing Intraplex T1 or E1 system to cost-effective IP

transmission.

1.1 Key Features

The NetXpress LX system’s features include

● CM-30 IP interface module, which can convert existing T1 or E1 systems to IP

● Compatibility with Intraplex NetXpress systems

● Wide variety of audio, voice, and data interface modules

● Optional echo cancellation for 2-wire voice circuits

● Transport of two contact closures in each direction

● Adjustable packet size

● Programmable jitter buffer depth

● Advanced Intraplex forward error correction

● Quality of Service (QoS) priority tagging

● Unidirectional or bidirectional unicast streaming

● Unidirectional multicast streaming

● Web browser user interface

● SNMP control

● Current and previous software revision storage

● Network statistics monitoring

● Event logging

1.2 Manual Use

This manual is the primary reference document for installing, configuring, operating, and

troubleshooting the NetXpress LX multiplexer and the CM-30 IP interface module. If you have

additional questions pertaining to the operation of your Intraplex system, you can contact Harris

Customer Service:

● U.S., Canada, and Latin America: +1-217-222-8200 or

tsupport@harris.com

● Europe, Middle East, and Africa: +44-118-964-8100 or

Service.europe@harris.com

● Asia and Pacific Rim: +852-2776-0628 or

[email protected]

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1.3 Manual Scope

The “Table of Contents” helps you locate specific topics. These guidelines give general information on

manual sections.

● Readers unfamiliar with the NetXpress LX system and/or the CM-30 IP interface module

– Use this manual as a tutorial. Read or skim all sections in order.

● Installers – If you are already familiar with the NetXpress LX system and/or the CM-30 IP

interface module, finish reading this section and go directly to Section 3 – “Installation & Wiring”

for step-by-step installation instructions.

● Transmission and Planning Engineers – The NetXpress LX and CM-30 operation and

configuration overview is in Section 2 – “Functional Design,” and specific instructions are in

Section 4 – “Configuration & Operation.” You can find output, power, and other specification

information in Section 6 – “Specifications.”

● Maintenance Technicians – Section 5 – “Testing & Troubleshooting” discusses system tests and

troubleshooting solutions. Individual channel module setup and test procedures can be found in

the manuals for the modules shipped with your system.

1.4 Components

1.4.1 Main Equipment Shelf

The NetXpress LX chassis has two rack-mount equipment sizes:

● NetXpress LX-300 – 19-inch wide, 5 ¼-inch high 3RU (Figure 1-1)

● NetXpress LX-100 – 19-inch wide, 1 ¾-inch high 1RU (Figure 1-2)

Figure 1-1. NetXpress LX-300 Front Panel with Cover

Figure 1-2. NetXpress LX-100 Front Panel with Cover

Each shelf is equipped with a CM-30 module, a MA-230 module adapter, and slots for plug-in channel

modules and module adapters.

The NetXpress LX-100 multiplexer has a single built-in AC power supply. The LX-300 multiplexer has a

single plug -in AC or DC power supply and optional secondary plug-in AC or DC supplies.

1.4.2 CM-30 IP Interface Module

The CM-30 module (Figure 1-3) is the command center for the NetXpress LX IP multiplexing system.

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Figure 1-3. CM-30 IP Interface Module

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This module acts as an IP network interface, a packet engine, and a system manager. When coupled

with the MA-230 module adapter (Section 1.4.3), the CM-30 module provides shelf management

control, WAN and LAN traffic control through 10/100Base-T ports, and timing control for external

stream traffic and system synchronization.

You can use a CM-30 module in place of, but not at the same time as, a T1 or E1 common module

(CM-3, CM-5, CM-5RB, CM-6, CM-7, or CM-7RB) in an existing Intraplex T1 or E1 multiplexer. You can

then revert back to T1 or E1 at a later date by simply removing the CM-30 module and reinserting the

original common module.

1.4.3 MA-230 Module Adapter

The MA-230 module adapter provides connectivity for the CM-30 module. The MA-230 module adapter

connects to the CM-30 module in the rear of the shelf and features these communication ports:

● Two 10/100Base-T ports (WAN and LAN)

● Timing in/out for external stream and system synchronization

● Contact I/O for external control

1.4.4 Other Modules and Module Adapters

The NetXpress LX system offers five channel card slots (1RU shelf) or 17 channel card slots (3RU

shelf) for Intraplex audio, voice, and data modules.

Intraplex module adapters are installed in the rear of the shelf and work in conjunction with the

channel access cards installed in the front.

1.4.5 Indicator Lights

Four system status indicator lights located on the NetXpress LX power supply are visible when the

front shelf cover is on (Figures 1-1 and 1-2).

● POWER – This green light is on when the multiplexer is powered.

● NORMAL – This green light is on when no major nor minor alarm is present.

● ALERT – This yellow light is on when a minor alarm condition exists.

● ALARM – This red light is on when a major alarm condition exists.

Section 5 defines major and minor alarm conditions.

The CM-30 module has indicator lights as well, which are visible when the front shelf cover is off.

Section 3.2.2 gives more information about CM-30 indicator lights.

1.5 Web Browser User Interface

You can control functionality of your NetXpress LX unit and access network statistics and system

status through the NetXpress LX Home page. You can choose to run simultaneous software windows;

each connected to a different NetXpress LX system in the network. The Web browser interface, in

conjunction with an SNMP network manager, lets you control and monitor your system from one

operation center. You can access the Home page from the network management system to research a

particular problem or obtain a graphical view of system configuration or status. Section 4 –

“Configuration & Operation” gives more information on this interface software.

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Section 2 – Functional Design

This section describes the intent of IP multiplexing and day-to-day operations of the NetXpress LX

system and the CM-30 IP interface module. The section also describes how to use the IP multiplexer

and interface module to configure real-time payload transport of audio and data over existing IP

networks.

Packet-based media transport with the NetXpress LX system or the CM-30 module provides

● Transport of audio, voice, data, and video.

● Flexibility when integrating to business applications, systems, and networks.

● Network monitoring.

● Error mitigation.

● Transition and migration from legacy systems with reuse of modules and components.

2.1 Network Concepts and Considerations

When looking at the NetXpress LX system (or the CM-30 module) and packet-switched services as a

whole, consider these network-related concepts:

● MTU throughout the network

● DHCP use

● Routing table construction

● WAN port auto-negotiation

● ICMP support

● Redundant WAN link configuration

● IGMP multicast

2.1.1 MTU throughout the Network

Prior to configuring a stream, you need to know end-to-end MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit)

between stream endpoints, which you can measure using an external server or router and running the

“Path MTU” tool. The stream payload must be smaller than the path MTU, otherwise fragmentation

occurs, the stream does not come up, and the NetXpress LX system does not support re-assembly.

2.1.2 DHCP Use

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol that enables a DHCP server to

automatically assign an IP address to an individual computer’s IP network interface. DHCP dynamically

assigns a number from a defined range of numbers configured for a given network.

The NetXpress LX system supports dynamic address assignment for its LAN interface using DHCP. On

the WAN interface, only static IP address assignment is supported. You can elect to enable the DHCP

option for the management interface from the Networking Ethernet Interfaces Web page (Section

4.3.4 – Configure the Network). If DHCP is enabled and the system fails to successfully retrieve an IP

address, it defaults to the factory default address – 192.168.1.1.

2.1.3 Routing Table Construction

The behavior of the NetXpress LX system within the customer’s network is that of an IP host. As such,

the NetXpress LX routing table is used solely to route internally generated packets. For streams that

are unicast, the determination of the next-hop gateway to reach the remote NetXpress LX shelf is

done by examining the system routing table.

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Routes in the routing table fall into two basic categories: automatic routes and user-defined routes.

The NetXpress LX system adds automatic routes based on the interface IP addresses. These routes

are called “directly connected” routes and are present to identify local subnets. If the destination for

all NetXpress LX traffic (stream and management) is to a host on its local subnet, no user routes are

needed. In most cases, however, you need to add routes to remote networks or hosts so that the

NetXpress LX system can successfully send traffic to it. In the simplest case, if there is only one

gateway on its WAN subnet, a default route (such as 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 next-hop “gatewayIP”) pointing

to that gateway should be added. You can manage the NetXpress LX routing table from the NetXpress

LX Home page (Section 4.3.4.2 – Forwarding Table) or via direct SNMP access of the proprietary route

management MIB (Management Information Base).

2.1.4 WAN Port Auto-negotiation

The auto-negotiation mechanism accommodates multi-speed Ethernet network devices. Auto-

negotiation occurs when a physical connection is made between a NetXpress LX Ethernet port and an

Ethernet port on a network switch or router. During this process, the two Ethernet devices use a

protocol to determine at what speed (10 Mbps or 100 Mbps) they communicate and whether the

exchange of data occurs in a half-duplex (only one end transmits at a time) or full-duplex manner.

With the NetXpress LX system, you can enable or disable auto-negotiation for the WAN ports because

it is crucial that the link characteristics are set correctly to facilitate the transmission of stream data.

Auto-negotiation should be enabled when the network port to which the NetXpress LX system is being

connected is capable of negotiating to a mode of 100 Mbps or 10 Mbps and full-duplex operation.

When auto-negotiation is disabled, each Ethernet port is set to operate at 100 Mbps speed in full-

duplex mode, the optimum setting. If the anticipated stream data rate is low enough, the WAN port

can operate effectively at 10 Mbps. Operating the WAN port in half-duplex mode should be avoided.

Both sides of the link need to be set for auto-negotiation. If not, the NetXpress LX system configures

itself for 10 Mbps, half duplex, and streams experience dropped packets due to collision on the

Ethernet link.

The LAN port is always set to auto-negotiate. The management port can satisfy its function even when

operating at 10 Mbps in half-duplex mode.

Note: Do not operate auto-negotiation on only one side of the NetXpress LX link. To work properly,

both sides (NetXpress LX system and connecting device) must be enabled for auto-

negotiation. The NetXpress LX system does not revert to 100 Mbps full-duplex if it is

configured to auto-negotiate and the other device is manually configured for 100 Mbps full-

duplex.

2.1.5 ICMP Support

The ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) delivers error and control messages from hosts to

message requestors. An ICMP test may determine whether a destination is reachable. The ICMP

messages typically report errors in the processing of datagrams. Additionally, ICMP provides flow

control and first-hop gateway redirection. On the NetXpress LX WAN port, there is an option to block

ICMP error messages, but the “ping” messages are always allowed.

2.1.6 IGMP Multicast

The NetXpress LX system (or the CM-30 module in an original Intraplex system) interoperates with

multicast routers using the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP). The IGMP Multicast mode

involves transmission to specific hosts through IGMP routers. This scheme allows you to route specific

packets onto specific segments, thereby segregating unwanted traffic from narrow segments.

The NetXpress LX system supports IGMP v2 messages. When a “receive” multicast stream is

configured, it sends out IGMP membership reports. Similarly, when the multicast streams are deleted,

the NetXpress LX system sends out an IGMP Leave message and also responds to the membership

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queries from the router. It supports the proprietary IGMP statistics MIB to account for all incoming and

outgoing messages.

2.2 Streams

Within the NetXpress LX multiplexer or an original Intraplex multiplexer, the CM-30 IP interface

module uses packet streaming to transport audio signals.

2.2.1 Stream Types

2.2.1.1 Unidirectional versus Bidirectional

Packet streams can be unidirectional or bidirectional. In other words, streams can travel in one

direction (transmitted or received) or two directions (transmitted and received). The CM-30 module

supports both unidirectional and bidirectional packet streaming.

Most circuit types (such as voice and two-way data circuits) are bidirectional, or full-duplex. Full-

duplex circuits require identical full-duplex (transmit or receive) channel modules at both ends of the

channel they occupy within a system. Other circuit types (such as program audio channels) are

unidirectional (simplex). They always have a transmitter module at one end and a receiver module at

the other. Most bidirectional (full-duplex) channel modules can also be set up to operate in a

unidirectional (simplex) mode.

2.2.1.2 Unicast versus Multicast

Packet streams can also be classified as unicast or multicast. Unicast describes transmitting a piece of

information (a packet stream in this case) from one point to another point. Unicast transfer mode is

still the predominant form of transmission on LANs and within the Internet. Standard unicast

applications include HTTP, SMTP, FTP, and Telnet.

Multicast describes communication where a piece of information is sent from one or more points to a

set of other points (a multicast group address). There may be one or more senders and the

information is sent to a set of receivers (there may be no receiver or any number of receivers). With

multicasting, the same packet is delivered simultaneously to a group of clients. Multicast applications

must use the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) transport protocol, since TCP (Transmission Control

Protocol) only supports the unicast mode.

Most circuits provided by Intraplex multiplexer systems are unicast, including those provided with the

NetXpress LX system. However, several types of channel modules can be configured for point-to-

multipoint operation (multicast). For example, you can set up a single program audio transmitter

module and several program audio receiver modules in a point-to-multipoint or “broadcast” circuit

configuration, allowing multiple locations to receive the same program audio signal.

If your network does not support multicasting, you can configure the NetXpress LX system to multi-

unicast up to four destinations. The programming source must be in contiguous time slots on TDM Bus

A. The receivers can be on the internal TDM bus. Section 4.3.3.4 – TDM Bus Mapping Configuration

gives additional multi-unicast information.

2.2.1.3 Voice Streams versus Data Streams

Streams which are intended to carry information for voice grade audio modules often require

additional signaling information to support pulse dialing, off-hook condition call progress or ringing

states. Special signaling support is required to transport this added information. Voice audio streams

carrying telephone calls are also prone to audio echo back from the receiver. You can use echo

canceling circuits to eliminate this problem. Streams used for transporting linear or compressed

wideband audio modules or other forms of raw information present their data directly into each

channel and do not require signaling support.

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2.2.2 Stream Addressing

The stream addressing process involves designating a destination IP address for both unicast and

multicast IP streams (Section 4.3.5– Configure Streams). During the process of adding streams,

individual streams are designated as either unicast or multicast in the Transmission Type field (Section

4.3.5.1 – Stream Creation).

When you create a stream, a UDP port number must be specified for both the local and remote

NetXpress LX devices. The RTP protocol conversation between the two devices takes place through the

specified UDP ports.

The range for UDP port numbers must be greater than or equal to 50000 and a multiple of 5, ending

in either a 0 or a 5. For unicast and multicast receive streams, the combination of peer’s IP address

and source and destination UDP ports must be unique. For multicast transmit streams, each stream

must have unique ports.

Many networks use a device known as a “firewall” at the entry point to the network to provide security

against hackers and other undesirable applications. Usually, network devices in the private network

behind the firewall can freely transmit out using any UDP port number. However, devices are blocked

from receiving packets using a UDP port number until a packet is transmitted out the firewall using the

same UDP port. When setting up the network for a NetXpress LX installation, you may need to

configure the firewall to allow communication on the UDP port numbers used for stream traffic before

attempting to bring up a stream.

2.2.3 Multicast Group Addressing

The CM-30 IP interface module, within the NetXpress LX system or an original Intraplex system,

supports multicast use for stream transmission and supports creating up to 32 transmit, receive, or a

combination of transmit and receive streams. This system does not make any restrictions on the type

of multicast address used for a stream destination. Therefore, you determine how you want the

multicast address space to be administered. Figure 2-1 represents a scenario where multicast

addresses are “administratively scoped.” However, some customers may also require GLOP

assignment by the carrier WAN, using address ranges 233.x.x.x, and the NetXpress LX system can

accommodate that addressing scheme as well. Section 4.3.5.1 – Stream Creation gives additional

information regarding multicast addresses.

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Figure 2-1. Carrier Multicast Backbone Example

2.2.4 Telephony

The CM-30 module and NetXpress LX system allow you to create streams whose endpoints are

Intraplex voice channel modules that support telephone signaling (for example, the VF-15E, VF-16AE,

and VF-25 modules). The voice circuits generate signaling bits which the NetXpress LX system

transports out-of-band and reinserts onto the NetXpress LX internal TDM bus at the receive end. No

more than 20 telephony streams are allowed in-service at one time.

Telephony streams can be easily identified in the stream table by the telephone icon after the stream

name. The color of the icon, (red, yellow, or green) indicates the current status of the out-of-band

signaling transfer. The NetXpress LX Performance menu provides statistics on signaling packet

transmission, and these statistics are cleared when the other stream statistics are cleared.

The TDM bus in T1 systems inherently supports signaling. In E1 systems, the signaling bits are carried

on the internal TDM bus using Channel Associated Signaling (CAS). Telephony streams need to

originate and terminate on busses where the CAS mode is enabled. You can select the specific TDM

busses for the telephony streams on the TDM Bus Edit screen (System Config | TDM Bus | TDM

Bus Edit). When the CAS mode is enabled, the NetXpress LX system uses Time slot 16 to carry the

signaling bits for all the other channels on that bus; this time slot is not available to carry normal

traffic.

2.2.5 Echo Cancellation

The NetXpress LX system can provide echo cancellation for voice circuits using up to 2 optional echo

canceller cards that plug onto the CM-30 module. Each board can provide echo cancellation for up to

30 channels per echo canceller card on the TDM bus.

Echo cancellation can only be enabled for full-duplex streams with identical bus/channel configuration

in the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) direction, and both endpoints of the stream need to have an

echo canceller card installed. Echo cancellers are needed in 2-wire modules (for example, the VF-15E

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or 16AE module) but not in 4-wire modules (for example, the VF-25E module). When using echo

cancellation, you should not configure streams to encapsulate more than 60 frames per packet.

2.2.6 Packetization and Overhead

Packetization is a process in which frames of data from the TDM bus are collected into IP packets for

transmission through the IP network. A frame on a NetXpress LX TDM bus is divided into 32 partitions

or time slots, each containing a byte of data. Because of the serial nature of the TDM bus, an entire

TDM bus frame encompasses 125 µs in time. The stream packetization interval defines the number of

TDM frames collected by the NetXpress LX system into a single packet for transmission. The higher

the packetization interval, the greater the accumulation delay introduced to the program because each

frame must be accumulated before the packet can be created. Note that the total program delay is a

combination of packetization delay and network delay.

Each packet in a NetXpress LX stream contains 44 bytes of non-program data (overhead)

corresponding to the header information required for the IP, UDP, and RTP protocol layers. The ratio of

non-program data to program data for a packet can be considered the overhead required to get the

packet through the network. The higher the overhead, the more the network bandwidth available to

an application used to transmit non-program data. Program delay can be minimized by using a small

packetization interval at the expense of an increase in overhead. Conversely, increasing the

packetization interval decreases the overhead but increases the program delay (Table 2-1).

Another overhead determination factor is the number of time slots from each TDM frame that get

placed in the packet. As this number increases, the stream overhead decreases because the ratio of

overhead data to program data decreases. However, the number of time slots consumed from each

frame does not affect the program delay. Therefore, it is desirable to combine time slots from a TDM

bus headed for the same destination into a single stream to reduce overhead and to make the best

use of available network bandwidth.

2.2.7 Packet Jitter Compensation

In an IP network, the time required for a packet to travel through the network from sender to receiver

is not guaranteed to be maintained. As a result, the receiver can see the interval between the arrival

of packets vary throughout the reception of the packet stream. For a given packet, the difference

between the packet’s delay and the average of the delay values for all packets in the stream is known

as jitter. The jitter can be positive or negative depending on whether the packet delay is less than or

greater than the average delay.

For many network services, packet jitter is not an issue, and no technique is needed to compensate.

However, the continuous playout nature of audio and video require that there must be some means of

guaranteeing that the receiver always has the next packet of data when the previous packet is

consumed. The receiver must also hold onto packets that arrive early so that they are available for

playout at the proper time.

The NetXpress LX system compensates for stream packet jitter through the use of a jitter buffer. The

system maintains a jitter buffer for each stream on the receive side. The buffer is sized so that the

buffering delay is greater than the maximum packet delay expected through the network. In the

NetXpress LX system, you specify the jitter buffer size in number of packets ranging from 8 to 128

(Section 4.3.5.1 – Stream Creation). The packetization interval of the stream controls the amount of

packet delay for which the jitter buffer can compensate. Increasing the number of TDM frames

contained in a packet increases the size of the jitter buffer as measured in time.

2.2.8 Packet/Stream Information Calculation

Table 2-1 gives an example of user and computed parameters for a NetXpress LX stream. The user

parameters represent user-defined stream parameters. The computed parameters are for packet

information and network bandwidth based upon the user parameters. This table also gives formulas

for how to derive computed parameters for a stream.

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Table 2-1. NetXpress LX Stream User and Computed Parameters

User Parameter Value Description

Number of TDM

Channels

1 Number of TDM channels to transport in a stream

TDM Frames per

Payload

160 Number of TDM frames per payload (packet)

Jitter Buffer Size

(8 – 128 packets)

64 Configured jitter buffer size in packets

Computed Parameter Value Description Formula

TDM Channel Data Rate 64 kB/S Calculated TDM channel data rate in kB/S Number of TDM Channels x 64

Packet Payload Size 160 bytes Calculated payload size in each packet in

bytes

Number of TDM Channels x

TDM Frames per Payload

Packet Interval 20 mS Calculated packet interval (time between

packets) in mS

Number of TDM Frames per

Payload ÷ 8

Packet Rate 50

packets/S

Calculated packet rate for a stream in

packets/S

(1 ÷ Packet Interval) x 1000

Jitter Buffer Delay 640 mS Calculated jitter buffer delay in mS

Note: This delay assumes a receive

queue of half the jitter buffer size

Jitter Buffer Size x Packet

Interval ÷ 2

Ethernet Frame Size 242 bytes Calculated Ethernet frame size in bytes =

Packet Payload Size + Ethernet overhead

(38 bytes – no VLAN) + IP overhead (20

bytes IP + 8 bytes UDP + 16 bytes RTP)

Packet Payload Size + 38 + 44

Ethernet Stream Data

Rate

96.8 kB/S Calculated Ethernet stream data rate in

kB/S *

Ethernet Frame Size x Packet

Rate x 8 ÷ 1000

IP Packet Size 204 bytes Calculated IP packet size in bytes =

Packet Payload Size + IP overhead (20

bytes IP + 8 bytes UDP + 16 bytes RTP)

Packet Payload Size + 44

Stream Data Rate 81.6 kB/S Calculated IP stream data rate in kB/S * IP Packet Size x Packet Rate x

8 ÷ 1000

* In most instances, Ethernet overhead is stripped before the packet is transported over a WAN link.

However, in certain instances (such as Metro Ethernet networks that transport the entire frame);

the Ethernet overhead is left on the packet.

2.2.9 Stream Statistics

NetXpress LX stream statistics are receiver-based. The time interval for collecting stream statistics is

user-selectable (from 5-10 seconds for each stream). It is a good practice to review your stream

statistics on a regularly scheduled basis (Section 4.3.6.1 – Stream Statistics). You may be able to

modify your NetXpress LX system for optimum throughput, bandwidth efficiency, and reduced errors.

As an example, you may wish to alter the size of the jitter buffer if you are experiencing too many

lost, underrun, early, or late packets. Specifically, if you are experiencing too many late packets, you

might need to increase the jitter buffer size.

2.3 System Security

System security is controlled through

● Logon and password control.

● Interface protocol management enabling and disabling.

● An IP access list.

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● Establishment and and control of SNMP Communities.

2.3.1 NetXpress LX Login

When you launch the Web server interface application, the system immediately displays the logon

screen (Figure 2-2). You must type the proper user name and password to gain access to the

NetXpress LX Web interface. Before it is configured, the NetXpress LX system has a default

administrator user name of “admin” and default password of “admin” for the Web interface. Once you

initially log on, you can change the Web interface administrator password, as well as administrator

and guest accounts for Web FTP access (Section 4.3.7.1 – Accounts).

Figure 2-2. NetXpress LX Web Interface Login

2.3.2 Management Protocols on an Interface

The NetXpress LX system comes with two Ethernet interfaces:

● WAN

● LAN

The LAN interface allows you to run all management traffic on a separate network if desired.

By default, each interface accepts HTTP and SNMP protocols and allows FTP and Telnet sessions to be

established. You can use the interface screens in Section 4.3.4 – Configure the Network to enable or

disable different protocols for each interface. Controlling protocols by interface enables you to

● Tighten security

● Block unwanted traffic

● Ensure network privacy

2.3.3 IP Access List Use

You can add security to your NetXpress LX installation by limiting access based on specific IP

addresses (Section 4.3.7.2 – IP Access List). You can also use the same networking configuration

screen to specify which interface can be used to gain access to the system.

2.3.4 SNMP Communities

An SNMP community is a group of hosts that you can manage as a distinct group with SNMP. You

must use a community name for all SNMP conversations to take place. You can use the same name for

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a read-only community and a read-write community, or you can specify two different names to restrict

write-access to the system.

2.4 NetXpress LX QoS

Quality of Service (QoS) / Class of Service (COS) mechanisms can reduce flow complexity by mapping

multiple flows into a few service levels. Network resources are then allocated based on these service

levels and flows can be aggregated and forwarded according to the service class of the packet.

2.4.1 COS Levels for Stream Data

The class of service (COS) level for a stream is established when the stream is created. The NetXpress

LX system offers four COS levels (high, normal, medium, low) for stream data (Section 4.3.5.1 –

Stream Creation). The classes are based on service priority; the higher the priority, the more

immediate the handling of the stream. For example, program audio is critical in many operations, so

when a stream is configured for program audio, you designate a high class of service level for that

packet stream. Conversely, a voice circuit might be considered less critical to operations, so you might

specify a lower COS level.

2.4.2 TOS Byte Marking for Outbound Stream Packets

In an IP network, all IP packets contain a field in the IP header called the Type of Service (TOS) byte.

The value of the TOS byte tells the network what quality of service needs to be applied to the packet.

You can define what the value of the TOS byte field should be for each of the four classes of service

supported by the NetXpress LX system for stream packets. The system places the appropriate TOS

byte value corresponding to the COS provisioned for a stream in every outbound data packet for that

stream (Section 4.3.4.3 – Class of Service). Since TOS byte value can be set to any value per class of

service, the NetXpress LX system can operate in networks using Differential Services (DiffServ) QoS

and networks employing the standard TOS interpretation for QoS.

2.4.3 User-Defined TOS Byte Setting for Outbound SNMP and HTTP

Packets

In addition to supporting the TOS marking for stream data, the NetXpress LX system allows you to

configure the TOS byte value placed in all outbound SNMP and HTTP packets. Therefore, SNMP

management traffic and Web interface traffic to be handled in the network with a different class of

service than other packets.

2.5 NetXpress LX Internal TDM Busses

The NetXpress LX IP multiplexer uses two TDM busses to support data transfer for audio channels.

These busses (TDM Bus 1A and TDM Bus 1B) can be configured to operate in T1 or E1 mode.

Note: Both A side and B side busses operate in the same mode; you cannot have a T1 bus and an E1

bus.

When set for T1 mode, the TDM busses support robbed-bit signaling. When set for E1 mode, the TDM

busses in the NetXpress LX system support CAS (channel associated signaling) and CCS (Common

Channel Signaling). With CAS signaling, time slot 16 is always reserved for telephone signaling. The

data rate is fixed at 1.544 MHz (T1 mode) or 2.048MHz (E1 mode). In E1 mode, you can enable or

disable signaling.

2.5.1 Compatibility with Intraplex TDM Channel Modules

Nearly all Intraplex TDM channel modules are compatible with the NetXpress LX multiplexer. Table 2-2

shows currently supported modules.

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Table 2-2. NetXpress LX-supported TDM Channel Modules

Module

Nominal

Power

(watts)

Module

Nominal

Power

(watts)

Module

Nominal

Power

(watts)

High Fidelity Program Audio Modules – Analog Input/ Output

PT-150A 4.7

High Fidelity

Program Audio

Modules–AES\EBU

Input / Output

PT-D150 4.7

Data Modules

DA-191A 1.2

PT-150B 4.0 PR-D150 6.6 DA-191B 1.2

PT-150C 4.0 PT-D350 3.0 DA-91A 1.0

PR-150A 6.6 PR-D350 3.4 DA-91i 1.0

PR-150B 6.0 PT-D355 3.0 DS-64NC 2.5

PR-150C 6.0 PR-D355 3.4 D-100 3.0

PT-153 5.5

Voice Modules for E1

VF-15E 2.3 DS-562i 2.0

PR-153 5.5 VF-16AE 2.3 DS-961D 1.2

PTR-155 5.0 VF-16E 2.3 DS-961DE 1.2

PT-250 3.0 VF-25E 2.0 DS-961DF 1.2

PR-250 3.4 VF-27E* 2.0 DS-961DG 1.2

PTR-255 7.7 VF-28E 2.0 DS-965 1.2

PT-350 3.0 VF-29E 2.0 DS-966 2.5

PT-350B 3.0

Voice Modules for T1

VF-15 2.3 OCU-DP 2.0

PT-350C 3.0 VF-16 2.3

PR-350 3.4 VF-16A 2.3

PR-350B 3.4 VF-25 2.0

PR-350C 3.4 VF-27* 2.0

PT-353 3.0 VF-28 2.0

PR-353 3.4 VF-29 2.0

PT-355 3.0

VF-40 2.0

PT-355B

3.0

Secure

Digital

Voice

Modules

DV-600 5.0

PT-355C

3.0

DV-600A 5.0

PR-355 3.4

PR-355B 3.4

PR-355C 3.4

* Neither the VF-27 nor VF-27E module supports or operates with E & M signaling when used in a

NetXpress LX system.

You must configure each channel module to use either TDM Bus 1A or TDM Bus 1B. Also, if the TDM

busses are set for E1 operation, you must provision the bus itself to use CAS signaling and then

provision each module on the bus to inform it that CAS signaling is in use. Each TDM bus has its own

frame loss signal to tell the modules to mute if there is a problem with the arriving data intended for

that particular bus.

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