Avaya Configuring Bridging Services User manual

BayRS Version 14.00

Part No. 308615-14.00 Rev. 00

September 1999

4401 Great America Parkway

Santa Clara, CA 95054

Configuring Bridging Services

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308615-14.00 Rev. 00

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Contents

Preface

Before You Begin .............................................................................................................xix

Text Conventions ............................................................................................................. xx

Acronyms .........................................................................................................................xxi

Hard-Copy Technical Manuals .......................................................................................xxiii

How to Get Help ............................................................................................................xxiv

Chapter 1

Using Transparent Bridge Services

Transparent Bridge Overview .........................................................................................1-1

How the Bridge Works .............................................................................................1-2

The Translation Process ...........................................................................................1-3

Spanning Tree Algorithm ..........................................................................................1-8

Filtering Frames .....................................................................................................1-15

Enabling Bridge Service ...............................................................................................1-15

Enabling Bridge Service on an Interface ................................................................1-15

Enabling Spanning Tree on an Interface ................................................................1-16

Editing Bridge Parameters ............................................................................................1-18

Editing Bridge Global Parameters ..........................................................................1-20

Bridge Global Parameter Descriptions ...................................................................1-20

Editing Bridge Interface Parameters ......................................................................1-22

Bridge Interface Parameter Descriptions ...............................................................1-23

Editing Spanning Tree Global Parameters .............................................................1-24

Spanning Tree Global Parameter Descriptions ......................................................1-25

Editing Spanning Tree Interface Parameters ..........................................................1-30

Spanning Tree Interface Parameter Descriptions ...................................................1-31

Flushing the Forwarding Table ...............................................................................1-32

Deleting the Bridge and Spanning Tree from the Router ..............................................1-33

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Chapter 2

Using Source Routing Bridge Services

Source Routing Overview ...............................................................................................2-1

How Source Routing Differs from Transparent Bridging ...........................................2-2

How End Stations on a Source Routing Network Discover Routes .........................2-2

All-Paths Broadcast Routing ..............................................................................2-2

Spanning Tree Broadcast Routing .....................................................................2-3

Specific Routing .................................................................................................2-4

Source Routing over IP Networks ............................................................................2-4

How IP Encapsulation Works ...................................................................................2-5

IP Encapsulation Features .......................................................................................2-8

Source Route End Station Support ..........................................................................2-9

How the Nortel Networks Source Routing Bridge Works .............................................2-10

Source Routing Across a Token Ring Network ......................................................2-11

How the Source Routing Bridge Handles Explorer Frames .............................2-12

How the Source Routing Bridge Handles Specifically Routed Frames ............2-14

Source Routing Across an IP Network ...................................................................2-17

IP Encapsulation Guidelines ..................................................................................2-20

Source Routing over Frame Relay Networks .........................................................2-21

Source Routing over FDDI .....................................................................................2-21

For More Information About Source Routing ................................................................2-22

Implementation Notes ...................................................................................................2-22

Assigning Bridge IDs, Internal LAN IDs, and Group LAN IDs ................................2-22

Bridge ID ..........................................................................................................2-22

Internal LAN ID ................................................................................................2-24

Group LAN ID ..................................................................................................2-24

Configuring IP Encapsulation Support ...................................................................2-24

Enabling Source Routing Services ...............................................................................2-25

Enabling Source Routing Services on an Interface ................................................2-26

Enabling Source Routing Spanning Tree Service on an Interface .........................2-30

Editing Source Routing Parameters .............................................................................2-32

Editing Source Routing Global Parameters ............................................................2-34

Source Routing Global Parameter Descriptions ....................................................2-35

Editing Source Routing Interface Parameters ........................................................2-38

Source Routing Interface Parameter Descriptions .................................................2-40

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Adding or Deleting a Bridge ID on the Bridge Entry List ........................................2-45

Adding a Bridge ID to the Bridge Entry List .....................................................2-45

Source Routing Bridge ID Parameter Description ...........................................2-46

Deleting a Bridge ID from the Bridge Entry List ...............................................2-47

Adding or Deleting an IP Address on the IP Explorer Address List .......................2-47

Adding an IP Explorer Address to the IP Explorer Address List ......................2-47

IP Explorer Address Parameter Description ....................................................2-49

Deleting an IP Explorer Address .....................................................................2-49

Editing Source Route Spanning Tree Global Parameters ......................................2-50

Source Route Spanning Tree Global Parameter Descriptions ...............................2-50

Editing Source Route Spanning Tree Interface Parameters ...................................2-55

Source Route Spanning Tree Interface Parameter Descriptions ............................2-56

Deleting Source Routing from the Router .....................................................................2-57

Chapter 3

Using NetBIOS Services

NetBIOS Overview .........................................................................................................3-1

NetBIOS Names .......................................................................................................3-1

Registering Station Names ......................................................................................3-2

Establishing Sessions ..............................................................................................3-3

Sessionless Communication ....................................................................................3-4

Broadcast Reduction ................................................................................................3-4

Name Caching ...................................................................................................3-5

Client Name Caching .........................................................................................3-5

Server Name Caching .......................................................................................3-6

Datagram RIF Caching ......................................................................................3-6

Query Caching ...................................................................................................3-7

Cache Lookup ..........................................................................................................3-8

Cache Aging .............................................................................................................3-8

Statically Configured NetBIOS Names .....................................................................3-9

Implementation Notes .....................................................................................................3-9

Topologies ................................................................................................................3-9

Spanning Tree Topology ....................................................................................3-9

Other Topologies ..............................................................................................3-10

NetBIOS Caches ....................................................................................................3-10

Enabling NetBIOS Services ..........................................................................................3-11

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Editing NetBIOS Parameters ........................................................................................3-11

Editing NetBIOS Global Parameters ......................................................................3-13

NetBIOS Global Parameter Descriptions ...............................................................3-14

Editing NetBIOS Interface Parameters ...................................................................3-20

NetBIOS Interface Parameter Descriptions ............................................................3-21

Using Statically Configured NetBIOS Clients and Servers ....................................3-23

Adding a Statically Configured NetBIOS Client or Server ...............................3-23

Static Name Parameter Descriptions ...............................................................3-24

Editing Statically Configured NetBIOS Clients and Servers ............................3-26

NetBIOS Static List Parameter Descriptions ...................................................3-26

Deleting a Statically Configured NetBIOS Name .............................................3-28

Chapter 4

Using Translation Bridge Services

Translation Bridge Overview ...........................................................................................4-1

Databases ................................................................................................................4-2

Forwarding Database ........................................................................................4-2

Route Information Field Database .....................................................................4-2

Database Aging Mechanism ..............................................................................4-2

Bridge Operations ....................................................................................................4-3

SR Operations ...................................................................................................4-3

TB Operations ...................................................................................................4-4

TB to SR Challenges ................................................................................................4-5

Frame Format Selection ....................................................................................4-6

Frame Lengths ...................................................................................................4-6

MAC Address Formats ......................................................................................4-6

LAN Speeds ......................................................................................................4-6

Implementation Notes .....................................................................................................4-7

Protocols Supported ................................................................................................4-7

Interfaces Supported ................................................................................................4-7

Loop-Free Operation ................................................................................................4-8

Physically Disabling Loops ................................................................................4-8

Using the Spanning Tree Protocol .....................................................................4-9

Procedure for Configuring the Translation Bridge on Your Network .......................4-11

Enabling Source Routing Translate/LB Service .....................................................4-12

Creating the Translation Bridge ....................................................................................4-14

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Editing Translation Bridge Parameters ..........................................................................4-15

Editing Translation Bridge Global Parameters ........................................................4-15

Translation Bridge Global Parameter Descriptions .................................................4-16

Editing Translation Bridge MAC Address Conversions ...........................................4-21

Adding an Address Mapping ...........................................................................4-21

Translation Bridge Address Mapping Parameter Descriptions .........................4-23

Deleting an Address Mapping .........................................................................4-23

Editing Translation Bridge Station Type ..................................................................4-24

Adding a New Address to the Station List .......................................................4-24

Translation Bridge Ethernet Address Mapping Parameter Descriptions ..........4-25

Deleting a Station ............................................................................................4-26

Deleting the Translation Bridge from the Router ...........................................................4-26

Chapter 5

Using Native Mode LAN Services

Native Mode LAN Overview ............................................................................................5-1

Defining a Closed User Group ........................................................................................5-3

Implementation Notes .....................................................................................................5-4

Defining a Closed User Group That Permits

Overlapping Network Traffic .....................................................................................5-4

Controlling NML Traffic on a Network Trunk .............................................................5-4

Enabling NML Services ..................................................................................................5-5

Editing NML Parameters .................................................................................................5-6

Editing NML Interface Parameters ...........................................................................5-8

NML Interface Parameter Descriptions ....................................................................5-9

Assigning an Access List to a Port ...............................................................................5-12

NML Add Security Range Parameters ...................................................................5-14

Enabling Ranges ....................................................................................................5-15

NML Range Enable Parameter Description ...........................................................5-17

Deleting NML from the Router ......................................................................................5-17

Chapter 6

Configuring Transparent Bridging and Spanning Tree Using the BCC

Starting Transparent Bridging .........................................................................................6-3

Step 1: Configuring a Physical Interface ..................................................................6-3

Step 2: Configuring the Bridge .................................................................................6-3

Starting Spanning Tree ...................................................................................................6-4

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Examples of Commands for Starting Transparent Bridge and Spanning Tree ...............6-5

Customizing Global Transparent Bridge Parameters ....................................................6-10

Disabling and Reenabling the Bridge on the Router ..............................................6-10

Managing the Forwarding Table .............................................................................6-11

Managing the Amount of Memory that the Forwarding Table Uses .................6-11

Allowing Access to the Forwarding Table from the MIB ...................................6-12

Clearing the Forwarding Table .........................................................................6-13

Customizing Interface Transparent Bridge Parameters ................................................6-13

Disabling and Reenabling the Bridge on an Interface ............................................6-13

Sending a Copy of the Forwarding Table to the Log ..............................................6-14

Customizing Global Spanning Tree Parameters ...........................................................6-14

Disabling and Reenabling Spanning Tree on the Router .......................................6-14

Specifying the Time for Spanning Tree Topology Changes ....................................6-15

Specifying the Maximum Age Timer ................................................................6-15

Specifying the Hello Time ................................................................................6-16

Specifying the Forward Delay ..........................................................................6-17

Reconfiguring Routes Predictably and Uniformly ............................................6-18

Determining Which Bridge Is the Root Bridge .......................................................6-18

Assigning the Bridge Priority ...........................................................................6-18

Assigning the Bridge MAC Address .................................................................6-19

Customizing Interface Spanning Tree Parameters .......................................................6-19

Disabling and Reenabling Spanning Tree on an Interface .....................................6-19

Assigning a Priority to an Interface ........................................................................6-20

Setting the Path Cost for a Spanning Tree Interface ..............................................6-20

Chapter 7

Configuring Source Routing Bridge Services Using the BCC

Starting Source Routing Services on the Router ............................................................7-3

Customizing Global Source Routing Bridge Parameters ................................................7-3

Disabling and Reenabling Source Routing Services on the Router .........................7-3

Configuring the Source Routing Bridge Group LAN ID ............................................7-4

Setting the Explorer Hop Limit .................................................................................7-5

Configuring Global NetBIOS RIF Name Caching ....................................................7-5

Enabling and Disabling Global NetBIOS Server Name Caching .......................7-5

Enabling and Disabling Global NetBIOS Client Name Caching ........................7-6

Enabling and Disabling Global NetBIOS Datagram RIF Caching ......................7-6

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Enabling and Disabling 15-Character NetBIOS Name Caching ........................7-7

Enabling and Disabling the Creation of MIB Instances for Cached Names .......7-7

Configuring the Maximum Name Cache Entries ...............................................7-8

Configuring the Name Cache Age .....................................................................7-9

Configuring the Hash Entry Count .....................................................................7-9

Configuring NetBIOS Query Caching ....................................................................7-10

Enabling and Disabling the Global NetBIOS Query Cache .............................7-10

Creating MIB Instances for Cached Queries ...................................................7-11

Setting the Maximum Number of Query Cache Entries ...................................7-11

Specifying How Long Name Queries Remain in the Cache ............................7-12

Enabling or Disabling the NetBIOS Name Query Cache .................................7-12

Using Statically Configured NetBIOS Clients and Servers ....................................7-13

Enabling and Disabling Statically Configured Clients and Servers ..................7-14

Starting Source Routing Services on an Interface .......................................................7-14

Step 1: Enabling Source Routing Services on the Router .....................................7-14

Step 2: Configuring a Physical Interface ................................................................7-15

Step 3: Configuring the Source Routing Bridge .....................................................7-15

Customizing Interface Source Routing Bridge Parameters ..........................................7-16

Disabling and Reenabling Source Routing on an Interface ....................................7-16

Setting the Maximum Number of Route Descriptors ..............................................7-16

Enabling and Disabling Outbound STEs ................................................................7-17

Enabling and Disabling Inbound STEs ...................................................................7-17

Enabling and Disabling Inbound Explorer Frames .................................................7-18

Enabling and Disabling Interface NetBIOS Server Name Caching ........................7-18

Enabling and Disabling Interface NetBIOS Client Name Caching .........................7-19

Enabling and Disabling Interface NetBIOS Datagram RIF Caching .......................7-20

Enabling and Disabling the Interface NetBIOS Query Cache ................................7-20

Setting the WAN Broadcast Address .....................................................................7-21

Setting the Encapsulation Format ..........................................................................7-21

Appendix A

Site Manager Default Settings

Appendix B

Components of a Source Route Frame

802.5 Physical Header ................................................................................................... B-1

Routing Information Field (RIF) ..................................................................................... B-2

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Routing Control ....................................................................................................... B-2

Type of Frame ................................................................................................... B-3

Length ............................................................................................................... B-3

Direction Bit ...................................................................................................... B-3

Frame Size Bits ................................................................................................. B-3

Routing Designators ................................................................................................ B-4

Appendix C

BCC show Commands

Online Help for show Commands ..................................................................................C-2

show bridge forward-table .............................................................................................C-3

show bridge interfaces ...................................................................................................C-3

show bridge statistics ....................................................................................................C-4

show bridge summary ...................................................................................................C-4

show span interfaces .....................................................................................................C-5

show span statistics .......................................................................................................C-5

show span summary ......................................................................................................C-6

show srb all ....................................................................................................................C-6

show srb global ..............................................................................................................C-7

show srb interface ..........................................................................................................C-7

show srb netbios-query-cache .......................................................................................C-8

show srb netbios-rif-cache .............................................................................................C-8

show srb netbios-static ..................................................................................................C-9

show srb summary ........................................................................................................C-9

Index

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Figures

Figure 1-1. Forwarding Table Update .........................................................................1-2

Figure 1-2. RFC 1042 Encapsulation .........................................................................1-4

Figure 1-3. Bridge Tunnel Service Encapsulation ......................................................1-4

Figure 1-4. Ethernet to FDDI Translation ....................................................................1-5

Figure 1-5. FDDI to Ethernet Translation ....................................................................1-6

Figure 1-6. Ethernet/802.3 to FDDI Translation ..........................................................1-7

Figure 1-7. AppleTalk ARP (Originating on FDDI) to 802.3 Translation ......................1-8

Figure 1-8. Parallel Bridge Topology ...........................................................................1-9

Figure 1-9. Root Port Determination (Equal Path Costs) .........................................1-11

Figure 1-10. Root Port Determination (Equal Path Costs

and Root Interface Priorities) .................................................................1-12

Figure 1-11. Spanning Tree (Loop-Free) Logical Topology ........................................1-13

Figure 1-12. Inefficient Spanning Tree Topology ........................................................1-14

Figure 1-13. Spanning Tree Autoconfiguration Window .............................................1-17

Figure 1-14. Configuration Manager Window .............................................................1-19

Figure 1-15. Edit Bridge Global Parameters Window .................................................1-20

Figure 1-16. Bridge Interfaces Window ......................................................................1-23

Figure 1-17. Edit Spanning Tree Global Parameters Window ....................................1-25

Figure 1-18. Spanning Tree Interfaces Window .........................................................1-30

Figure 2-1. Source Routing Network ..........................................................................2-1

Figure 2-2. Source Routing Designator ......................................................................2-3

Figure 2-3. Route Discovery .......................................................................................2-4

Figure 2-4. Source Routing over an IP Network .........................................................2-6

Figure 2-5. Examining the RIF Field of an SRF .........................................................2-7

Figure 2-6. IP Routers Source Routing across a Token Ring Network ....................2-10

Figure 2-7. Tracking an Explorer Frame ...................................................................2-11

Figure 2-8. Structure of an Explorer Frame ..............................................................2-13

Figure 2-9. Tracking a Specifically Routed Frame from ES2 to ES1 ........................2-14

Figure 2-10. Structure of a Specifically Routed Frame from ES2 to ES1 ...................2-16

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Figure 2-11. Tracking an IP-Encapsulated Frame from ES1 to ES2 ..........................2-17

Figure 2-12. Structure of an IP-Encapsulated Frame from ES1 to ES2 .....................2-19

Figure 2-13. Parallel Operation ..................................................................................2-23

Figure 2-14. Edit Source Routing Global Parameters Window ..................................2-27

Figure 2-15. SR Interface List Window .......................................................................2-29

Figure 2-16. Source Route Spanning Tree Autoconfiguration Window ......................2-31

Figure 2-17. Configuration Manager Window .............................................................2-33

Figure 2-18. Edit Source Routing Global Parameters Window ..................................2-34

Figure 2-19. SR Interface List Window .......................................................................2-39

Figure 2-20. Source Routing Bridge IDs Window .......................................................2-45

Figure 2-21. Add Bridge ID Window ...........................................................................2-46

Figure 2-22. Source Routing Bridge IP Explorer Addresses Window ........................2-48

Figure 2-23. Add Source Routing Explorer IP Address Window ................................2-48

Figure 2-24. Edit Source Route Spanning Tree Global Parameters Window .............2-50

Figure 2-25. Source Route Spanning Tree Interface List Window ..............................2-55

Figure 3-1. Configuration Manager Window .............................................................3-12

Figure 3-2. Edit Source Routing Global Parameters Window ..................................3-13

Figure 3-3. SR Interface List Window .......................................................................3-20

Figure 3-4. NetBIOS Static List Window ..................................................................3-23

Figure 3-5. NetBIOS Window ...................................................................................3-24

Figure 4-1. Network Configuration with Potential Loop ..............................................4-8

Figure 4-2. Spanning Tree with Translation Bridging ................................................4-10

Figure 4-3. Edit Translation Bridge Global Parameters Window ...............................4-13

Figure 4-4. Configuration Manager Window .............................................................4-14

Figure 4-5. Edit Translation Bridge Global Parameters Window ...............................4-16

Figure 4-6. Address Mapping List Window ...............................................................4-22

Figure 4-7. Translation Bridge Address Mapping Window .......................................4-22

Figure 4-8. Ethernet Station Type List Window ........................................................4-24

Figure 4-9. Translation Bridge Address Mapping Window .......................................4-25

Figure 5-1. NML Closed User Groups ........................................................................5-2

Figure 5-2. Edit NML Interface Window ......................................................................5-6

Figure 5-3. Configuration Manager Window ...............................................................5-7

Figure 5-4. NML Interfaces Window ...........................................................................5-8

Figure 5-5. NML Filters Window ...............................................................................5-12

Figure 5-6. NML Add Security Range Window .........................................................5-13

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Figure 5-7. Circuit List Window ................................................................................5-15

Figure 5-8. Circuit Definition Window .......................................................................5-16

Figure 6-1. BCC Configuration Tree for Transparent Bridging and Spanning Tree .....6-2

Figure 6-2. Guidelines for Setting the Maximum Age Timer, Forward Delay,

and Hello Time .......................................................................................6-16

Figure 7-1. BCC Configuration Tree for Source Routing Services .............................7-2

Figure B-1. Fields in a Source Route Frame ............................................................. B-1

Figure B-2. Components of the RIF ........................................................................... B-2

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xvii

Tables

Table A-1. Transparent Bridge Global Parameters ................................................... A-1

Table A-2. Transparent Bridge Interface Parameters ............................................... A-2

Table A-3. Spanning Tree Global Parameters .......................................................... A-2

Table A-4. Spanning Tree Interface Parameters ....................................................... A-3

Table A-5. Source Routing Global Parameters ........................................................ A-4

Table A-6. Source Routing Interface Parameters ..................................................... A-5

Table A-7. Source Routing Bridge ID Parameter ..................................................... A-5

Table A-8. IP Explorer Address Parameter .............................................................. A-5

Table A-9. Source Route Spanning Tree Global Parameters ................................... A-6

Table A-10. Source Route Spanning Tree Interface Parameters ................................ A-6

Table A-11. NetBIOS Global Parameters ................................................................... A-7

Table A-12. NetBIOS Interface Parameters ............................................................... A-7

Table A-13. NetBIOS Static Name Parameters .......................................................... A-8

Table A-14. Translation Bridge Global Parameters .................................................... A-8

Table A-15. Translation Bridge Address Mapping Parameters ................................... A-8

Table A-16. Translation Bridge Ethernet Address Mapping Parameters .................... A-9

Table A-17. NML Interface Parameters ...................................................................... A-9

Table A-18. NML Add Security Range Parameter ...................................................... A-9

Table A-19. NML Range Enable Parameter ............................................................... A-9

Table B-1. Frame Size Bits ....................................................................................... B-3

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Preface

This guide describes how to configure bridging services on a Nortel Networks

™

router.

You can use the Bay Command Console (BCC

™

) or Site Manager to configure

bridging services on a router. In this guide, you will find instructions for using

both the BCC and Site Manager.

Before You Begin

Before using this guide, you must complete the following procedures. For a new

router:

• Install the router (see the installation guide that came with your router).

• Connect the router to the network and create a pilot configuration file (see

Quick-Starting Routers, Configuring BayStack Remote Access, or Connecting

ASN Routers to a Network).

Make sure that you are running the latest version of Nortel Networks BayRS

™

and

Site Manager software. For information about upgrading BayRS and Site

Manager, see the upgrading guide for your version of BayRS.

Configuring Bridging Services

xx

308615-14.00 Rev. 00

Text Conventions

This guide uses the following text conventions:

angle brackets (< >) Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the

description inside the brackets. Do not type the

brackets when entering the command.

Example: If the command syntax is:

ping

<

ip_address

>, you enter:

ping

192.32.10.12

bold text

Indicates command names and options and text that

you need to enter.

Example: Enter

show ip

{

alerts

|

routes

}.

Example: Use the

dinfo

command.

braces ({}) Indicate required elements in syntax descriptions

where there is more than one option. You must choose

only one of the options. Do not type the braces when

entering the command.

Example: If the command syntax is:

show ip

{

alerts

|

routes

}

, you must enter either:

show ip alerts

or

show ip routes

, but not both.

brackets ([ ]) Indicate optional elements in syntax descriptions. Do

not type the brackets when entering the command.

Example: If the command syntax is:

show ip interfaces

[

-alerts

]

, you can enter either:

show ip interfaces

or

show ip interfaces -alerts

.

ellipsis points (. . . ) Indicate that you repeat the last element of the

command as needed.

Example: If the command syntax is:

ethernet/2/1

[<

parameter

>

<

value

>]

. . .

, you enter

ethernet/2/1

and as many parameter-value pairs as

needed.

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Avaya Configuring Bridging Services User manual

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