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CONTENTS
Preface
Preface lxxix
Document Conventions lxxix
Related Documentation lxxxi
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request lxxxi
CHAPTER 1
Using the Command-Line Interface 1
Information About Using the Command-Line Interface 1
Command Modes 1
Understanding Abbreviated Commands 3
No and Default Forms of Commands 3
CLI Error Messages 4
Configuration Logging 4
Using the Help System 4
How to Use the CLI to Configure Features 6
Configuring the Command History 6
Changing the Command History Buffer Size 6
Recalling Commands 6
Disabling the Command History Feature 7
Enabling and Disabling Editing Features 7
Editing Commands Through Keystrokes 8
Editing Command Lines That Wrap 9
Searching and Filtering Output of show and more Commands 10
Accessing the CLI on a Switch Stack 11
Accessing the CLI Through a Console Connection or Through Telnet 11
PART I
Interface and Hardware 13
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CHAPTER 2
Configuring Interface Characteristics 15
Finding Feature Information 15
Information About Configuring Interface Characteristics 15
Interface Types 15
Port-Based VLANs 16
Switch Ports 16
Access Ports 16
Trunk Ports 17
Switch Virtual Interfaces 17
SVI Autostate Exclude 17
EtherChannel Port Groups 18
Power over Ethernet Ports 18
Using the Switch USB Ports 18
USB Mini-Type B Console Port 19
Console Port Change Logs 19
USB Type A Ports 19
Interface Connections 20
Interface Configuration Mode 20
Default Ethernet Interface Configuration 21
Interface Speed and Duplex Mode 22
Speed and Duplex Configuration Guidelines 23
IEEE 802.3x Flow Control 23
How to Configure Interface Characteristics 24
Configuring Interfaces 24
Adding a Description for an Interface 25
Configuring a Range of Interfaces 26
Configuring and Using Interface Range Macros 28
Configuring Ethernet Interfaces 29
Setting the Interface Speed and Duplex Parameters 29
Configuring IEEE 802.3x Flow Control 31
Configuring SVI Autostate Exclude 32
Shutting Down and Restarting the Interface 34
Configuring the Console Media Type 35
Configuring the USB Inactivity Timeout 36
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Monitoring Interface Characteristics 38
Monitoring Interface Status 38
Clearing and Resetting Interfaces and Counters 39
Configuration Examples for Interface Characteristics 39
Adding a Description to an Interface: Example 39
Configuring a Range of Interfaces: Examples 39
Configuring and Using Interface Range Macros: Examples 40
Setting Interface Speed and Duplex Mode: Example 40
Configuring the Console Media Type: Example 41
Configuring the USB Inactivity Timeout: Example 41
Additional References for the Interface Characteristics Feature 42
Feature History and Information for Configuring Interface Characteristics 43
CHAPTER 3
Configuring Auto-MDIX 45
Prerequisites for Auto-MDIX 45
Restrictions for Auto-MDIX 45
Information about Configuring Auto-MDIX 45
Auto-MDIX on an Interface 45
How to Configure Auto-MDIX 46
Configuring Auto-MDIX on an Interface 46
Example for Configuring Auto-MDIX 47
Additional References 48
Feature History and Information for Auto-MDIX 48
CHAPTER 4
Configuring Ethernet Management Port 51
Finding Feature Information 51
Prerequisites for Ethernet Management Ports 51
Information about the Ethernet Management Port 51
Ethernet Management Port Direct Connection to a Switch 52
Ethernet Management Port Connection to Stack Switches using a Hub 52
Supported Features on the Ethernet Management Port 52
How to Configure the Ethernet Management Port 53
Disabling and Enabling the Ethernet Management Port 53
Additional References 54
Feature Information for Ethernet Management Ports 55
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CHAPTER 5
Configuring LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service 57
Finding Feature Information 57
LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service Overview 57
LLDP 57
LLDP Supported TLVs 58
LLDP and Cisco Switch Stacks 58
LLDP and Cisco Medianet 58
LLDP-MED 58
LLDP-MED Supported TLVs 58
Wired Location Service 60
Default LLDP Configuration 61
Restrictions for LLDP 61
How to Configure LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service 62
Enabling LLDP 62
Configuring LLDP Characteristics 63
Configuring LLDP-MED TLVs 65
Configuring Network-Policy TLV 67
Configuring Location TLV and Wired Location Service 70
Enabling Wired Location Service on the Switch 72
Configuration Examples for LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service 74
Configuring Network-Policy TLV: Examples 74
Monitoring and Maintaining LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service 74
Additional References for LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service 75
Feature Information for LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service 76
CHAPTER 6
Configuring System MTU 77
Finding Feature Information 77
Information about the MTU 77
System MTU Guidelines 78
How to Configure MTU 78
Configuring the System MTU 78
Configuration Examples for System MTU 79
Additional References for System MTU 80
Feature Information for System MTU 80
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CHAPTER 7
Configuring Boot Fast 81
Finding Feature Information 81
Configuring Boot Fast on the switch 81
Enabling Boot Fast 81
Disabling Boot Fast 82
CHAPTER 8
Configuring PoE 85
Finding Feature Information 85
Restrictions for PoE 85
Information about PoE 86
Power over Ethernet Ports 86
Supported Protocols and Standards 86
Powered-Device Detection and Initial Power Allocation 86
Power Management Modes 88
Power Monitoring and Power Policing 89
Maximum Power Allocation (Cutoff Power) on a PoE Port 89
Power Consumption Values 90
How to Configure PoE 91
Configuring a Power Management Mode on a PoE Port 91
Fast POE 92
Configuring Fast POE 93
Budgeting Power for Devices Connected to a PoE Port 94
Budgeting Power to All PoE ports 95
Budgeting Power to a Specific PoE Port 96
Configuring Power Policing 97
Monitoring Power Status 100
Configuration Examples for Configuring PoE 100
Budgeting Power: Example 100
Additional References 101
CHAPTER 9
Configuring 2-event Classification 103
Finding Feature Information 103
Information about 2-event Classification 103
Configuring 2-event Classification 103
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Example: Configuring 2-Event Classification 105
CHAPTER 10
Configuring EEE 107
Finding Feature Information 107
Information About EEE 107
EEE Overview 107
Default EEE Configuration 108
Restrictions for EEE 108
How to Configure EEE 108
Enabling or Disabling EEE 108
Monitoring EEE 109
Configuration Examples for Configuring EEE 110
Additional References 110
Feature History and Information for Configuring EEE 111
PART II
IP Multicast Routing 113
CHAPTER 11
Configuring IGMP Snooping and Multicast VLAN Registration 115
Finding Feature Information 115
Prerequisites for Configuring IGMP Snooping and MVR 115
Prerequisites for IGMP Snooping 115
Prerequisites for MVR 116
Restrictions for Configuring IGMP Snooping and MVR 116
Restrictions for IGMP Snooping 116
Restrictions for MVR 117
Information About IGMP Snooping and MVR 118
IGMP Snooping 118
IGMP Versions 119
Joining a Multicast Group 119
Leaving a Multicast Group 121
Immediate Leave 121
IGMP Configurable-Leave Timer 121
IGMP Report Suppression 122
IGMP Snooping and Switch Stacks 122
Default IGMP Snooping Configuration 122
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Multicast VLAN Registration 123
MVR and IGMP 123
Modes of Operation 123
MVR and Switch Stacks 124
MVR in a Multicast Television Application 124
Default MVR Configuration 126
IGMP Filtering and Throttling 126
Default IGMP Filtering and Throttling Configuration 127
How to Configure IGMP Snooping and MVR 128
Enabling or Disabling IGMP Snooping on a Switch 128
Enabling or Disabling IGMP Snooping on a VLAN Interface 129
Setting the Snooping Method 130
Configuring a Multicast Router Port 132
Configuring a Host Statically to Join a Group 133
Enabling IGMP Immediate Leave 135
Configuring the IGMP Leave Timer 137
Configuring TCN-Related Commands 138
Controlling the Multicast Flooding Time After a TCN Event 138
Recovering from Flood Mode 139
Disabling Multicast Flooding During a TCN Event 141
Configuring the IGMP Snooping Querier 142
Disabling IGMP Report Suppression 145
Configuring MVR Global Parameters 146
Configuring MVR Interfaces 149
Configuring IGMP Profiles 151
Applying IGMP Profiles 154
Setting the Maximum Number of IGMP Groups 155
Configuring the IGMP Throttling Action 157
Monitoring IGMP Snooping and MVR 159
Monitoring IGMP Snooping Information 159
Monitoring MVR 160
Monitoring IGMP Filtering and Throttling Configuration 161
Configuration Examples for IGMP Snooping and MVR 161
Example: Configuring IGMP Snooping Using CGMP Packets 161
Example: Enabling a Static Connection to a Multicast Router 161
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Example: Configuring a Host Statically to Join a Group 162
Example: Enabling IGMP Immediate Leave 162
Example: Setting the IGMP Snooping Querier Source Address 162
Example: Setting the IGMP Snooping Querier Maximum Response Time 162
Example: Setting the IGMP Snooping Querier Timeout 163
Example: Setting the IGMP Snooping Querier Feature 163
Example: Configuring IGMP Profiles 163
Example: Applying IGMP Profile 163
Example: Setting the Maximum Number of IGMP Groups 163
Example: Configuring MVR Global Parameters 164
Example: Configuring MVR Interfaces 164
Additional References 164
Feature History and Information for IGMP Snooping 165
PART III
IPv6 167
CHAPTER 12
Configuring MLD Snooping 169
Finding Feature Information 169
Information About Configuring IPv6 MLD Snooping 169
Understanding MLD Snooping 170
MLD Messages 170
MLD Queries 171
Multicast Client Aging Robustness 171
Multicast Router Discovery 171
MLD Reports 172
MLD Done Messages and Immediate-Leave 172
Topology Change Notification Processing 172
MLD Snooping in Switch Stacks 173
How to Configure IPv6 MLD Snooping 173
Default MLD Snooping Configuration 173
MLD Snooping Configuration Guidelines 174
Enabling or Disabling MLD Snooping on the Switch (CLI) 174
Enabling or Disabling MLD Snooping on a VLAN (CLI) 175
Configuring a Static Multicast Group (CLI) 176
Configuring a Multicast Router Port (CLI) 177
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Enabling MLD Immediate Leave (CLI) 178
Configuring MLD Snooping Queries (CLI) 179
Disabling MLD Listener Message Suppression (CLI) 180
Displaying MLD Snooping Information 181
Configuration Examples for Configuring MLD Snooping 182
Configuring a Static Multicast Group: Example 182
Configuring a Multicast Router Port: Example 182
Enabling MLD Immediate Leave: Example 183
Configuring MLD Snooping Queries: Example 183
CHAPTER 13
Configuring IPv6 Unicast Routing 185
Finding Feature Information 185
Information About Configuring IPv6 Host Functions 185
Understanding IPv6 186
IPv6 Addresses 186
Supported IPv6 Unicast Routing Features 186
128-Bit Wide Unicast Addresses 187
DNS for IPv6 187
ICMPv6 187
Neighbor Discovery 187
IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration and Duplicate Address Detection 187
IPv6 Applications 188
Dual IPv4 and IPv6 Protocol Stacks 188
SNMP and Syslog Over IPv6 189
HTTP(S) Over IPv6 189
IPv6 and Switch Stacks 189
Default IPv6 Configuration 190
Configuring IPv6 Addressing and Enabling IPv6 Routing 190
Configuring IPv6 ICMP Rate Limiting (CLI) 192
Configuring Static Routing for IPv6 (CLI) 193
Displaying IPv6 195
Configuration Examples for IPv6 Unicast Routing 196
Configuring IPv6 Addressing and Enabling IPv6 Routing: Example 196
Configuring IPv6 ICMP Rate Limiting: Example 196
Configuring Static Routing for IPv6: Example 197
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Displaying IPv6: Example 197
CHAPTER 14
Configuring IPv6 ACL 199
Finding Feature Information 199
Information About Configuring IPv6 ACLs 199
Understanding IPv6 ACLs 199
Supported ACL Features 200
IPv6 ACL Limitations 200
Configuring IPv6 ACLs 201
Default IPv6 ACL Configuration 202
Interaction with Other Features and Switches 202
Creating IPv6 ACL 202
Applying an IPv6 ACL to an Interface 206
Displaying IPv6 ACLs 206
Configuration Examples for IPv6 ACL 207
Example: Creating IPv6 ACL 207
Example: Applying IPv6 ACLs 207
Example: Displaying IPv6 ACLs 207
PART IV
Layer 2 209
CHAPTER 15
Configuring Spanning Tree Protocol 211
Finding Feature Information 211
Restrictions for STP 211
Information About Spanning Tree Protocol 212
Spanning Tree Protocol 212
Spanning-Tree Topology and BPDUs 213
Bridge ID, Device Priority, and Extended System ID 214
Port Priority Versus Path Cost 215
Spanning-Tree Interface States 216
Blocking State 217
Listening State 218
Learning State 218
Forwarding State 218
Disabled State 218
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How a Switch or Port Becomes the Root Switch or Root Port 219
Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity 219
Spanning-Tree Address Management 220
Accelerated Aging to Retain Connectivity 220
Spanning-Tree Modes and Protocols 221
Supported Spanning-Tree Instances 221
Spanning-Tree Interoperability and Backward Compatibility 222
STP and IEEE 802.1Q Trunks 222
VLAN-Bridge Spanning Tree 222
Spanning Tree and Switch Stacks 223
Default Spanning-Tree Configuration 223
How to Configure Spanning-Tree Features 224
Changing the Spanning-Tree Mode 224
Disabling Spanning Tree 226
Configuring the Root Switch 227
Configuring a Secondary Root Device 229
Configuring Port Priority 230
Configuring Path Cost 231
Configuring the Device Priority of a VLAN 233
Configuring the Hello Time 234
Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a VLAN 235
Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a VLAN 236
Configuring the Transmit Hold-Count 237
Monitoring Spanning-Tree Status 238
Feature Information for STP 239
CHAPTER 16
Configuring Multiple Spanning-Tree Protocol 241
Finding Feature Information 241
Prerequisites for MSTP 241
Restrictions for MSTP 242
Information About MSTP 243
MSTP Configuration 243
MSTP Configuration Guidelines 243
Root Switch 244
Multiple Spanning-Tree Regions 245
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IST, CIST, and CST 245
Operations Within an MST Region 246
Operations Between MST Regions 246
IEEE 802.1s Terminology 247
Illustration of MST Regions 248
Hop Count 248
Boundary Ports 249
IEEE 802.1s Implementation 249
Port Role Naming Change 250
Interoperation Between Legacy and Standard Switches 250
Detecting Unidirectional Link Failure 251
MSTP and Switch Stacks 251
Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP 252
RSTP Overview 252
Port Roles and the Active Topology 252
Rapid Convergence 253
Synchronization of Port Roles 254
Bridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing 255
Processing Superior BPDU Information 256
Processing Inferior BPDU Information 256
Topology Changes 256
Protocol Migration Process 257
Default MSTP Configuration 257
About MST-to-PVST+ Interoperability (PVST+ Simulation) 258
About Detecting Unidirectional Link Failure 259
How to Configure MSTP Features 261
Specifying the MST Region Configuration and Enabling MSTP 261
Configuring the Root Switch 264
Configuring a Secondary Root Switch 265
Configuring Port Priority 266
Configuring Path Cost 268
Configuring the Switch Priority 269
Configuring the Hello Time 271
Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time 272
Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time 273
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Configuring the Maximum-Hop Count 274
Specifying the Link Type to Ensure Rapid Transitions 275
Designating the Neighbor Type 277
Restarting the Protocol Migration Process 278
Configuring PVST+ Simulation 279
Enabling PVST+ Simulation on a Port 280
Examples 281
Examples: PVST+ Simulation 281
Examples: Detecting Unidirectional Link Failure 284
Monitoring MST Configuration and Status 285
Feature Information for MSTP 285
CHAPTER 17
Configuring Optional Spanning-Tree Features 287
Finding Feature Information 287
Restriction for Optional Spanning-Tree Features 287
Information About Optional Spanning-Tree Features 288
PortFast 288
BPDU Guard 288
BPDU Filtering 289
UplinkFast 290
Cross-Stack UplinkFast 291
How Cross-Stack UplinkFast Works 292
Events That Cause Fast Convergence 294
BackboneFast 294
EtherChannel Guard 297
Root Guard 297
Loop Guard 298
STP PortFast Port Types 298
Bridge Assurance 299
How to Configure Optional Spanning-Tree Features 302
Enabling PortFast 302
Enabling BPDU Guard 304
Enabling BPDU Filtering 305
Enabling UplinkFast for Use with Redundant Links 307
Disabling UplinkFast 308
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Enabling BackboneFast 309
Enabling EtherChannel Guard 310
Enabling Root Guard 312
Enabling Loop Guard 313
Enabling PortFast Port Types 314
Configuring the Default Port State Globally 314
Configuring PortFast Edge on a Specified Interface 315
Configuring a PortFast Network Port on a Specified Interface 317
Enabling Bridge Assurance 318
Examples 320
Examples: Configuring PortFast Edge on a Specified Interface 320
Examples: Configuring a PortFast Network Port on a Specified Interface 320
Example: Configuring Bridge Assurance 321
Monitoring the Spanning-Tree Status 322
Feature Information for Optional Spanning-Tree Features 322
CHAPTER 18
Configuring EtherChannels 323
Finding Feature Information 323
Restrictions for EtherChannels 323
Information About EtherChannels 324
EtherChannel Overview 324
EtherChannel Modes 325
EtherChannel on Switches 326
EtherChannel Link Failover 327
Channel Groups and Port-Channel Interfaces 327
Port Aggregation Protocol 328
PAgP Modes 329
Silent Mode 330
PAgP Learn Method and Priority 330
PAgP Interaction with Virtual Switches and Dual-Active Detection 331
PAgP Interaction with Other Features 331
Link Aggregation Control Protocol 332
LACP Modes 332
LACP Interaction with Other Features 333
EtherChannel On Mode 333
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Load-Balancing and Forwarding Methods 333
MAC Address Forwarding 333
IP Address Forwarding 334
Load-Balancing Advantages 334
EtherChannel Load Deferral Overview 335
EtherChannel and Switch Stacks 336
Switch Stack and PAgP 337
Switch Stacks and LACP 337
Default EtherChannel Configuration 337
EtherChannel Configuration Guidelines 338
Layer 2 EtherChannel Configuration Guidelines 340
Auto-LAG 341
Auto-LAG Configuration Guidelines 342
How to Configure EtherChannels 342
Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannels 342
Configuring EtherChannel Load-Balancing 345
Configuring Port Channel Load Deferral 346
Configuring the PAgP Learn Method and Priority 348
Configuring LACP Hot-Standby Ports 349
Configuring the LACP System Priority 350
Configuring the LACP Port Priority 351
Configuring the LACP Port Channel Min-Links Feature 352
Configuring LACP Fast Rate Timer 353
Configuring Auto-LAG Globally 355
Configuring Auto-LAG on a Port Interface 356
Configuring Persistence with Auto-LAG 357
Monitoring EtherChannel, PAgP, and LACP Status 358
Configuration Examples for Configuring EtherChannels 359
Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannels: Examples 359
Example: Configuring Port Channel Load Deferral 360
Configuring Auto LAG: Examples 360
Configuring LACP Port Channel Min-Links: Examples 361
Configuring LACP Fast Rate Timer: Examples 361
Additional References for EtherChannels 362
Feature Information for EtherChannels 363
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CHAPTER 19
Configuring Link-State Tracking 365
Finding Feature Information 365
Restrictions for Configuring Link-State Tracking 365
Understanding Link-State Tracking 366
How to Configure Link-State Tracking 369
Monitoring Link-State Tracking 370
Configuring Link-State Tracking: Example 370
Additional References for Link-State Tracking 371
Feature Information for Link-State Tracking 372
CHAPTER 20
Configuring Flex Links and the MAC Address-Table Move Update Feature 373
Finding Feature Information 373
Restrictions for Configuring Flex Links and MAC Address-Table Move Update 373
Information About Flex Links and MAC Address-Table Move Update 374
Flex Links 374
Flex Links Configuration 375
VLAN Flex Links Load Balancing and Support 375
Multicast Fast Convergence with Flex Links Failover 376
Learning the Other Flex Links Port as the mrouter Port 376
Generating IGMP Reports 376
Leaking IGMP Reports 377
MAC Address-Table Move Update 377
Flex Links VLAN Load Balancing Configuration Guidelines 379
MAC Address-Table Move Update Configuration Guidelines 379
Default Flex Links and MAC Address-Table Move Update Configuration 379
How to Configure Flex Links and the MAC Address-Table Move Update Feature 380
Configuring Flex Links 380
Configuring a Preemption Scheme for a Pair of Flex Links 381
Configuring VLAN Load Balancing on Flex Links 383
Configuring MAC Address-Table Move Update 384
Configuring a Switch to Obtain and Process MAC Address-Table Move Update
Messages 385
Monitoring Flex Links, Multicast Fast Convergence, and MAC Address-Table Move
Update 386
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Configuration Examples for Flex Links 387
Configuring Flex Links: Examples 387
Configuring VLAN Load Balancing on Flex Links: Examples 387
Configuring the MAC Address-Table Move Update: Examples 389
Configuring Multicast Fast Convergence with Flex Links Failover: Examples 389
Additional References for Flex Links and MAC Address-Table Move Update 391
Feature Information for Flex Links and MAC Address-Table Move Update 393
CHAPTER 21
Configuring UniDirectional Link Detection 395
Finding Feature Information 395
Restrictions for Configuring UDLD 395
Information About UDLD 396
Modes of Operation 396
Normal Mode 396
Aggressive Mode 397
Methods to Detect Unidirectional Links 397
Neighbor Database Maintenance 397
Event-Driven Detection and Echoing 398
UDLD Reset Options 398
Default UDLD Configuration 398
How to Configure UDLD 399
Enabling UDLD Globally 399
Enabling UDLD on an Interface 400
Monitoring and Maintaining UDLD 401
Additional References for UDLD 402
Feature Information for UDLD 403
PART V
Network Management 405
CHAPTER 22
Configuring Cisco IOS Configuration Engine 407
Finding Feature Information 407
Prerequisites for Configuring the Configuration Engine 407
Restrictions for Configuring the Configuration Engine 408
Information About Configuring the Configuration Engine 408
Cisco Configuration Engine Software 408
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Configuration Service 409
Event Service 410
NameSpace Mapper 410
Cisco Networking Services IDs and Device Hostnames 410
ConfigID 410
DeviceID 411
Hostname and DeviceID 411
Hostname, DeviceID, and ConfigID 411
Cisco IOS CNS Agents 412
Initial Configuration 412
Incremental (Partial) Configuration 413
Synchronized Configuration 413
Automated CNS Configuration 413
How to Configure the Configuration Engine 414
Enabling the CNS Event Agent 414
Enabling the Cisco IOS CNS Agent 416
Enabling an Initial Configuration for Cisco IOS CNS Agent 418
Refreshing DeviceIDs 423
Enabling a Partial Configuration for Cisco IOS CNS Agent 425
Monitoring CNS Configurations 427
Additional References 428
Feature History and Information for the Configuration Engine 429
CHAPTER 23
Configuring the Cisco Discovery Protocol 431
Finding Feature Information 431
Information About CDP 431
CDP Overview 431
CDP and Stacks 432
Default CDP Configuration 432
How to Configure CDP 432
Configuring CDP Characteristics 432
Disabling CDP 434
Enabling CDP 436
Disabling CDP on an Interface 437
Enabling CDP on an Interface 439
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