Cisco Catalyst 2960-L Series Switches, Catalyst 2960-L Series Switches Configuration Guide

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Software Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 15.2(5)E (Catalyst
2960-L Switches)
First Published: 2016-11-28
Americas Headquarters
Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134-1706
USA
http://www.cisco.com
Tel: 408 526-4000
800 553-NETS (6387)
Fax: 408 527-0883
©2016 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CONTENTS
Preface xlix
PREFACE
Document Conventions xlix
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request li
Using the Command-Line Interface 1
CHAPTER 1
Information About Using the Command-Line Interface 1
Command Modes 1
Understanding Abbreviated Commands 3
No and Default Forms of Commands 3
CLI Error Messages 3
Configuration Logging 4
Using the Help System 4
How to Use the CLI to Configure Features 5
Configuring the Command History 5
Changing the Command History Buffer Size 5
Recalling Commands 6
Disabling the Command History Feature 6
Enabling and Disabling Editing Features 7
Editing Commands Through Keystrokes 7
Editing Command Lines That Wrap 8
Searching and Filtering Output of show and more Commands 9
Accessing the CLI Through a Console Connection or Through Telnet 10
Accessing the CLI through Bluetooth 10
Interface and Hardware 11
PART I
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Configuring Interface Characteristics 13
CHAPTER 2
Finding Feature Information 13
Information About Configuring Interface Characteristics 13
Interface Types 13
Port-Based VLANs 13
Switch Ports 14
Routed Ports 15
Switch Virtual Interfaces 15
EtherChannel Port Groups 16
Power over Ethernet Ports 16
Using the Switch USB Ports 16
USB Mini-Type B Console Port 16
USB Type A Ports 17
Interface Connections 17
Interface Configuration Mode 18
Default Ethernet Interface Configuration 18
Interface Speed and Duplex Mode 19
Speed and Duplex Configuration Guidelines 19
IEEE 802.3x Flow Control 20
How to Configure Interface Characteristics 21
Configuring Interfaces 21
Adding a Description for an Interface 22
Configuring a Range of Interfaces 23
Configuring and Using Interface Range Macros 24
Configuring Ethernet Interfaces 26
Setting the Interface Speed and Duplex Parameters 26
Configuring IEEE 802.3x Flow Control 27
Shutting Down and Restarting the Interface 28
Configuring the Console Media Type 29
Configuring the USB Inactivity Timeout 30
Monitoring Interface Characteristics 31
Monitoring Interface Status 31
Clearing and Resetting Interfaces and Counters 32
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Configuration Examples for Interface Characteristics 32
Configuring a Range of Interfaces: Examples 32
Configuring and Using Interface Range Macros: Examples 33
Setting Interface Speed and Duplex Mode: Example 33
Configuring the Console Media Type: Example 33
Configuring the USB Inactivity Timeout: Example 34
Additional References for the Interface Characteristics Feature 35
Feature History and Information for Configuring Interface Characteristics 36
Configuring Auto-MDIX 37
CHAPTER 3
Prerequisites for Auto-MDIX 37
Restrictions for Auto-MDIX 37
Information about Configuring Auto-MDIX 37
Auto-MDIX on an Interface 37
How to Configure Auto-MDIX 38
Configuring Auto-MDIX on an Interface 38
Example for Configuring Auto-MDIX 39
Additional References 39
Feature History and Information for Auto-MDIX 40
Configuring System MTU 41
CHAPTER 4
Finding Feature Information 41
Information About the MTU 41
How to Configure MTU 41
Configuring the System MTU 41
Configuration Examples for System MTU 42
Configuring PoE 43
CHAPTER 5
Finding Feature Information 43
Information about PoE 43
Power over Ethernet Ports 43
Supported Protocols and Standards 43
Powered-Device Detection and Initial Power Allocation 44
Power Management Modes 45
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Persistent PoE 48
How to Configure PoE 49
Configuring a Power Management Mode on a PoE Port 49
Configuring Persistent PoE 50
Budgeting Power for Devices Connected to a PoE Port 51
Budgeting Power to All PoE ports 52
Budgeting Power to a Specific PoE Port 53
Configuring Power Policing 54
Monitoring Power Status 56
Configuration Examples for Configuring PoE 57
Budgeting Power: Example 57
Configuring EEE 59
CHAPTER 6
Restrictions for EEE 59
Information About EEE 59
EEE Overview 59
Default EEE Configuration 60
How to Configure EEE 60
Enabling or Disabling EEE 60
Monitoring EEE 61
Configuration Examples for Configuring EEE 62
Additional References 62
Feature History and Information for Configuring EEE 63
IP Multicast Snooping 65
PART II
Configuring IGMP Snooping 67
CHAPTER 7
Finding Feature Information 67
Prerequisites for Configuring IGMP Snooping 67
Prerequisites for IGMP Snooping 67
Restrictions for Configuring IGMP Snooping 68
Restrictions for IGMP Snooping 68
Information About IGMP Snooping 69
IGMP Snooping 69
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IGMP Versions 70
Joining a Multicast Group 70
Leaving a Multicast Group 71
Immediate Leave 72
IGMP Configurable-Leave Timer 72
IGMP Report Suppression 72
Default IGMP Snooping Configuration 73
IGMP Filtering and Throttling 73
Default IGMP Filtering and Throttling Configuration 74
How to Configure IGMP Snooping 75
Enabling or Disabling IGMP Snooping on a Switch 75
Enabling or Disabling IGMP Snooping on a VLAN Interface 76
Configuring a Multicast Router Port 77
Configuring a Host Statically to Join a Group 78
Enabling IGMP Immediate Leave 79
Configuring the IGMP Leave Timer 80
Configuring the IGMP Snooping Querier 82
Disabling IGMP Report Suppression 84
Configuring IGMP Profiles 85
Applying IGMP Profiles 87
Setting the Maximum Number of IGMP Groups 88
Configuring the IGMP Throttling Action 89
Monitoring IGMP Snooping 91
Monitoring IGMP Snooping Information 91
Monitoring IGMP Filtering 92
Configuration Examples for IGMP Snooping 93
Example: Enabling a Static Connection to a Multicast Router 93
Example: Configuring a Host Statically to Join a Group 93
Example: Enabling IGMP Immediate Leave 93
Example: Setting the IGMP Snooping Querier Source Address 93
Example: Setting the IGMP Snooping Querier Maximum Response Time 94
Example: Setting the IGMP Snooping Querier Timeout 94
Example: Setting the IGMP Snooping Querier Feature 94
Example: Configuring IGMP Profiles 94
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Example: Applying IGMP Profile 95
Example: Setting the Maximum Number of IGMP Groups 95
Additional References 95
Configuring MLD Snooping 97
CHAPTER 8
Finding Feature Information 97
Information About Configuring IPv6 MLD Snooping 97
Understanding MLD Snooping 97
MLD Messages 98
MLD Queries 98
Multicast Client Aging Robustness 99
Multicast Router Discovery 99
MLD Reports 99
MLD Done Messages and Immediate-Leave 100
Topology Change Notification Processing 100
How to Configure IPv6 MLD Snooping 100
Default MLD Snooping Configuration 100
MLD Snooping Configuration Guidelines 101
Enabling or Disabling MLD Snooping on the Switch (CLI) 102
Enabling or Disabling MLD Snooping on a VLAN (CLI) 102
Configuring a Static Multicast Group 103
Configuring a Multicast Router Port (CLI) 104
Enabling MLD Immediate Leave (CLI) 105
Configuring MLD Snooping Queries (CLI) 106
Disabling MLD Listener Message Suppression (CLI) 107
Displaying MLD Snooping Information 108
Configuration Examples for Configuring MLD Snooping 109
Configuring a Static Multicast Group: Example 109
Configuring a Multicast Router Port: Example 109
Enabling MLD Immediate Leave: Example 110
Configuring MLD Snooping Queries: Example 110
Layer 2 111
PART III
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Configuring Spanning Tree Protocol 113
CHAPTER 9
Finding Feature Information 113
Restrictions for STP 113
Information About Spanning Tree Protocol 114
Spanning Tree Protocol 114
Spanning-Tree Topology and BPDUs 115
Bridge ID, Device Priority, and Extended System ID 116
Port Priority Versus Path Cost 117
Spanning-Tree Interface States 117
How a Switch or Port Becomes the Root Switch or Root Port 120
Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity 120
Spanning-Tree Address Management 121
Accelerated Aging to Retain Connectivity 121
Spanning-Tree Modes and Protocols 121
Supported Spanning-Tree Instances 122
Spanning-Tree Interoperability and Backward Compatibility 122
STP and IEEE 802.1Q Trunks 123
VLAN-Bridge Spanning Tree 123
Default Spanning-Tree Configuration 124
How to Configure Spanning-Tree Features 124
Changing the Spanning-Tree Mode (CLI) 124
Disabling Spanning Tree 126
Configuring the Root Switch 127
Configuring a Secondary Root Device 128
Configuring Port Priority 129
Configuring Path Cost 130
Configuring the Device Priority of a VLAN 131
Configuring the Hello Time 132
Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a VLAN 133
Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a VLAN 134
Configuring the Transmit Hold-Count 135
Monitoring Spanning-Tree Status 136
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Configuring Multiple Spanning-Tree Protocol 137
CHAPTER 10
Finding Feature Information 137
Prerequisites for MSTP 137
Restrictions for MSTP 138
Information About MSTP 139
MSTP Configuration 139
MSTP Configuration Guidelines 139
Root Switch 140
Multiple Spanning-Tree Regions 140
IST, CIST, and CST 141
Operations Within an MST Region 142
Operations Between MST Regions 142
IEEE 802.1s Terminology 142
Illustration of MST Regions 143
Hop Count 144
Boundary Ports 144
IEEE 802.1s Implementation 145
Port Role Naming Change 145
Interoperation Between Legacy and Standard Switches 146
Detecting Unidirectional Link Failure 146
Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP 147
RSTP Overview 147
Port Roles and the Active Topology 147
Rapid Convergence 148
Synchronization of Port Roles 149
Bridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing 150
Topology Changes 151
Protocol Migration Process 152
Default MSTP Configuration 152
About MST-to-PVST+ Interoperability (PVST+ Simulation) 153
About Detecting Unidirectional Link Failure 154
How to Configure MSTP Features 156
Specifying the MST Region Configuration and Enabling MSTP 156
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Configuring the Root Switch 158
Configuring a Secondary Root Switch 159
Configuring Port Priority 160
Configuring Path Cost 161
Configuring the Switch Priority 163
Configuring the Hello Time 164
Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time 165
Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time 166
Configuring the Maximum-Hop Count 167
Specifying the Link Type to Ensure Rapid Transitions 167
Designating the Neighbor Type 169
Restarting the Protocol Migration Process 170
Configuring PVST+ Simulation 171
Enabling PVST+ Simulation on a Port 171
Examples 172
Examples: PVST+ Simulation 172
Examples: Detecting Unidirectional Link Failure 176
Monitoring MST Configuration and Status 176
Feature Information for MSTP 177
Configuring Optional Spanning-Tree Features 179
CHAPTER 11
Finding Feature Information 179
Restriction for Optional Spanning-Tree Features 179
Information About Optional Spanning-Tree Features 180
PortFast 180
BPDU Guard 180
BPDU Filtering 181
UplinkFast 181
BackboneFast 183
EtherChannel Guard 185
Root Guard 186
Loop Guard 187
STP PortFast Port Types 187
Bridge Assurance 188
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How to Configure Optional Spanning-Tree Features 190
Enabling PortFast 190
Enabling BPDU Guard 192
Enabling BPDU Filtering 193
Enabling UplinkFast for Use with Redundant Links 194
Disabling UplinkFast 195
Enabling BackboneFast 196
Enabling EtherChannel Guard 197
Enabling Root Guard 198
Enabling Loop Guard 199
Enabling PortFast Port Types 200
Configuring the Default Port State Globally 200
Configuring PortFast Edge on a Specified Interface 201
Configuring a PortFast Network Port on a Specified Interface 203
Enabling Bridge Assurance 204
Examples 205
Examples: Configuring PortFast Edge on a Specified Interface 205
Examples: Configuring a PortFast Network Port on a Specified Interface 205
Example: Configuring Bridge Assurance 206
Monitoring the Spanning-Tree Status 207
Feature Information for Optional Spanning-Tree Features 207
Configuring EtherChannels 209
CHAPTER 12
Finding Feature Information 209
Restrictions for EtherChannels 209
Information About EtherChannels 210
EtherChannel Overview 210
Channel Groups and Port-Channel Interfaces 210
Port Aggregation Protocol 211
PAgP Modes 212
PAgP Learn Method and Priority 213
PAgP Interaction with Other Features 214
Link Aggregation Control Protocol 214
LACP Modes 214
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LACP Interaction with Other Features 215
EtherChannel On Mode 215
Default EtherChannel Configuration 215
EtherChannel Configuration Guidelines 216
Layer 2 EtherChannel Configuration Guidelines 217
Auto-LAG 218
Auto-LAG Configuration Guidelines 219
How to Configure EtherChannels 219
Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannels 219
Configuring the PAgP Learn Method and Priority 222
Configuring LACP Hot-Standby Ports 223
Configuring the LACP System Priority 223
Configuring the LACP Port Priority 224
Configuring the LACP Port Channel Min-Links Feature 225
Configuring LACP Fast Rate Timer 226
Configuring Auto-LAG Globally 228
Configuring Auto-LAG on a Port Interface 228
Configuring Persistence with Auto-LAG 229
Monitoring EtherChannel, PAgP, and LACP Status 230
Configuration Examples for Configuring EtherChannels 231
Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannels: Examples 231
Configuring Auto LAG: Examples 232
Configuring LACP Port Channel Min-Links: Examples 233
Example: Configuring LACP Fast Rate Timer 233
Additional References for EtherChannels 234
Feature Information for EtherChannels 235
Configuring UniDirectional Link Detection 237
CHAPTER 13
Finding Feature Information 237
Restrictions for Configuring UDLD 237
Information About UDLD 238
Modes of Operation 238
Normal Mode 238
Aggressive Mode 238
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Methods to Detect Unidirectional Links 239
Neighbor Database Maintenance 239
Event-Driven Detection and Echoing 239
UDLD Reset Options 240
Default UDLD Configuration 240
How to Configure UDLD 240
Enabling UDLD Globally 240
Enabling UDLD on an Interface 242
Monitoring and Maintaining UDLD 243
Additional References for UDLD 243
Feature Information for UDLD 244
Network Management 245
PART IV
Configuring Cisco IOS Configuration Engine 247
CHAPTER 14
Prerequisites for Configuring the Configuration Engine 247
Restrictions for Configuring the Configuration Engine 247
Information About Configuring the Configuration Engine 248
Cisco Configuration Engine Software 248
Configuration Service 249
Event Service 249
NameSpace Mapper 249
Cisco Networking Services IDs and Device Hostnames 249
ConfigID 250
DeviceID 250
Hostname and DeviceID 250
Hostname, DeviceID, and ConfigID 250
Automated CNS Configuration 251
How to Configure the Configuration Engine 252
Enabling the CNS Event Agent 252
Refreshing DeviceIDs 253
Monitoring CNS Configurations 255
Additional References 256
Feature History and Information for the Configuration Engine 257
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Configuring the Cisco Discovery Protocol 259
CHAPTER 15
Finding Feature Information 259
Information About CDP 259
CDP Overview 259
Default CDP Configuration 260
How to Configure CDP 260
Configuring CDP Characteristics 260
Disabling CDP 262
Enabling CDP 263
Disabling Cisco Discovery Protocol on an Interface 264
Enabling Cisco Discovery Protocol on an Interface 265
Monitoring and Maintaining CDP 267
Additional References 268
Feature History and Information for Cisco Discovery Protocol 269
Configuring Simple Network Management Protocol 271
CHAPTER 16
Finding Feature Information 271
Prerequisites for SNMP 271
Restrictions for SNMP 273
Information About SNMP 274
SNMP Overview 274
SNMP Manager Functions 274
SNMP Agent Functions 274
SNMP Community Strings 275
SNMP MIB Variables Access 275
SNMP Notifications 276
SNMP ifIndex MIB Object Values 276
Default SNMP Configuration 277
SNMP Configuration Guidelines 277
How to Configure SNMP 278
Disabling the SNMP Agent 278
Configuring Community Strings 279
Configuring SNMP Groups and Users 282
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Configuring SNMP Notifications 285
Setting the Agent Contact and Location Information 290
Limiting TFTP Servers Used Through SNMP 291
Monitoring SNMP Status 292
SNMP Examples 293
Additional References 294
Feature History and Information for Simple Network Management Protocol 295
Configuring SPAN 297
CHAPTER 17
Finding Feature Information 297
Restrictions for SPAN 297
Information About SPAN 298
SPAN 298
Default SPAN Configuration 298
Configuration Guidelines 299
SPAN Configuration Guidelines 299
How to Configure SPAN 299
Creating a Local SPAN Session 299
Creating a Local SPAN Session and Configuring Incoming Traffic 301
Monitoring SPAN Operations 303
SPAN Configuration Examples 303
Example: Configuring Local SPAN 303
Additional References 304
Feature History and Information for SPAN 305
QoS 307
PART V
Configuring QoS 309
CHAPTER 18
Finding Feature Information 309
Prerequisites for QoS 309
General QoS Guidelines 309
Restrictions for QoS 310
Information About QoS 310
QoS Implementation 310
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Layer 2 Frame Prioritization Bits 311
Layer 3 Packet Prioritization Bits 311
QoS Basic Model 312
Actions at Ingress Port 312
Actions at Egress Port 312
Mapping Tables Overview 312
Queueing and Scheduling Overview 313
Queueing and Scheduling on Egress Queues 313
Packet Modification 316
Standard QoS Default Configuration 316
Default Egress Queue Configuration 316
DSCP Maps 317
Default CoS-to-DSCP Map 317
How to Configure QoS 318
Enabling QoS Globally 318
Configuring Egress Queue Characteristics 319
Configuration Guidelines 319
Mapping DSCP or CoS Values to an Egress Queue and to a Threshold ID 320
Configuring SRR Shaped Weights on Egress Queues 321
Configuring SRR Shared Weights on Egress Queues 323
Configuring the Egress Priority Queue 324
Limiting the Bandwidth on an Egress Interface 325
Enabling DSCP Transparency Mode 327
Configuring the Trust State on Ports Within the QoS Domain 328
Monitoring Standard QoS 330
Configuration Examples for QoS 330
Examples: Configuring Egress Queue Characteristics 330
Feature History and Information for QoS 331
Routing 333
PART VI
Configuring IP Unicast Routing 335
CHAPTER 19
Finding Feature Information 335
Information About Configuring IP Unicast Routing 335
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Information About IP Routing 335
Types of Routing 336
Static Unicast Routes 336
Default Routes and Networks 337
Routing Information Protocol 338
Summary Addresses and Split Horizon 338
Configuring IP Unicast Routing 338
Enabling IP Unicast Routing 339
Example: Enabling IP Unicast Routing 340
Assigning IP Addresses to SVIs 340
Example: Assigning IP Addresses to SVIs 341
Configuring Static Unicast Routes 341
Example: Configuring Static Unicast Routes 343
Configuring Default Routes and Networks 343
How to Configure RIP 344
Default RIP Configuration 344
Configuring Basic RIP Parameters 344
Configuring RIP Authentication 347
Configuring Summary Addresses and Split Horizon 348
Configuring Split Horizon 349
Example: Configuring Summary Addresses and Split Horizon 350
Example: Displaying Current Status of Routing Table 351
Monitoring and Maintaining the IP Network 351
Security 353
PART VII
Security Features Overview 355
CHAPTER 20
Security Features Overview 355
Preventing Unauthorized Access 359
CHAPTER 21
Preventing Unauthorized Access 359
Controlling Switch Access with Passwords and Privilege Levels 361
CHAPTER 22
Restrictions for Controlling Switch Access with Passwords and Privileges 361
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Information About Passwords and Privilege Levels 361
Default Password and Privilege Level Configuration 361
Additional Password Security 362
Password Recovery 362
Terminal Line Telnet Configuration 363
Username and Password Pairs 363
Privilege Levels 363
How to Control Switch Access with Passwords and Privilege Levels 364
Setting or Changing a Static Enable Password 364
Protecting Enable and Enable Secret Passwords with Encryption 365
Disabling Password Recovery 367
Setting a Telnet Password for a Terminal Line 368
Configuring Username and Password Pairs 369
Setting the Privilege Level for a Command 371
Changing the Default Privilege Level for Lines 372
Logging into and Exiting a Privilege Level 373
Monitoring Switch Access 373
Configuration Examples for Setting Passwords and Privilege Levels 374
Example: Setting or Changing a Static Enable Password 374
Example: Protecting Enable and Enable Secret Passwords with Encryption 374
Example: Setting a Telnet Password for a Terminal Line 374
Example: Setting the Privilege Level for a Command 374
Additional References 374
Configuring TACACS+ 377
CHAPTER 23
Finding Feature Information 377
Prerequisites for TACACS+ 377
Restrictions for TACACS+ 378
Information About TACACS+ 378
TACACS+ and Switch Access 378
TACACS+ Overview 379
TACACS+ Operation 380
Method List 380
TACACS AV Pairs 381
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TACACS Authentication and Authorization AV Pairs 381
TACACS Accounting AV Pairs 388
TACACS+ Configuration Options 400
TACACS+ Login Authentication 400
TACACS+ Authorization for Privileged EXEC Access and Network Services 400
TACACS+ Authentication 400
TACACS+ Authorization 401
TACACS+ Accounting 401
Default TACACS+ Configuration 401
How to Configure TACACS+ 401
Identifying the TACACS+ Server Host and Setting the Authentication Key 401
Configuring TACACS+ Login Authentication 402
Configuring TACACS+ Authorization for Privileged EXEC Access and Network Services 405
Starting TACACS+ Accounting 406
Establishing a Session with a Router if the AAA Server is Unreachable 408
Establishing a Session with a Router if the AAA Server is Unreachable 408
Configuring Per VRF on a TACACS Server 408
Monitoring TACACS+ 410
Configuration Examples for TACACS+ 410
Example: TACACS Authorization 410
Example: TACACS Accounting 411
Example: TACACS Authentication 411
Example: Configuring Per VRF for TACACS Servers 413
Additional References for TACACS+ 414
Feature Information for TACACS+ 414
Configuring RADIUS 415
CHAPTER 24
Prerequisites for Configuring RADIUS 415
Restrictions for Configuring RADIUS 416
Information about RADIUS 416
RADIUS and Switch Access 416
RADIUS Overview 416
RADIUS Operation 417
Default RADIUS Configuration 418
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