64-channel Analog Input Board
Preface
Inquiries
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1. In order to improve the product, the contents of this document as well as product specifications are subject to change without notice.
2. This document does not give permission to the implementation of patents or other rights held by Advanet or third parties.
3. Reproduction of all or part of this document without Advanet’s permission is prohibited.
2009 Advanet Inc.
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<Advme2607><Advme2607>
<Advme2607>
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Content
1. Features .................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Effectiveness of Device Driver .......................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Basic Specifications and Restrictions ............................................................................................................................... 4
2. Terminology ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Base Address ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Channel .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5
2.3 Single Start/ Multi Start ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
3. API Specification ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
4. Installation of Device Driver ................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.1 Accessory CD-R ................................................................................................................................................................ 12
4.2 Loading of the Device Driver ........................................................................................................................................... 13
5. Sample Program ...................................................................................................................................................................... 14
5.1 Single Start ........................................................................................................................................................................14
5.2 Multi Start ......................................................................................................................................................................... 17
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1. Features
1.1 Effectiveness of Device Driver
The device driver possesses an advantage of ironing out differences in hardware, which minimizes changes in the
application program associated with alterations in the hardware.
The Advme2607 device driver enables the application program to identify multiple Advme2607 boards as a single
logical device.
The device driver is user-friendly software that allows users little acquainted with the method of access to the Advme2607
to perform analog-to-digital conversions according to the API specification-compliant easy instructions.
1.2 Basic Specifications and Restrictions
z Runs with Wind River Systems VxWorks versions listed below:
For PPC604 Tornado2.0.2 (VxWorks5.4.2)
Tornado2.2.1 (VxWorks5.5.1)
z Capable of acquisition of analog data on an arbitrary channel from the Advme2607, up to 20 boards (1280
channels).
z Only available in the Advme2607. This device driver is not available in any other boards irrespective of
Advanet analog input boards.
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2. Terminology
This chapter provides the definitions of the terms used in this manual.
2.1 Base Address
A base address denotes a resultant value of an address allocated with the on-board rotary switches, (short address)
and the starting address of the CPU board “VME bus A16” memory map.
The base address is derived by the following equation when the CPU board “VME bus A16” memory is mapped
to $ffff0000 to $ffffffff:
$ffff0000 + (Short address allocated with the Advme2607)
<Note>
With multiple Advme2607s installed, this device driver is available only when the board base addresses are
allocated at 100 (H) intervals between each.
2.2 Channel
The number of channels on an individual board varies with an input form, single end and differential. The
Advme2607, however, is designed to operate with the mixed number of channels.
The following shows an example of the installed board-channel number relationship.
(*1) The number of channels on an individual board and a channel number vary with an input form.
Base Address Channel Number (*1) InputForm (# of channels)
1st Advme2607 $ffffc000 #0 to #63 Single-end (64)
2nd Advme2607 $ffffc100 #64 to #95 Differential (32)
3rd Advme2607 $ffffc200 #196 to #159 Single-end (64)
4th Advme2607 $ffffc300 #160 to #191 Differential (32)
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2.3 Single Start/ Multi Start
The Advme2607 requires approx. 2ms from issuing the A-D conversion start command to receiving a result
(during 64-channel conversion).
The boards, which are capable of individual operation, deliver shorter A-D conversion time in response to indi-
vidual A-D conversion start shown below to acquire data on channels scattered over another board.
A-D conversion start channel #0 (Board 0)
A-D conversion start channel #64 (Board 1)
A-D conversion start channel #128 (Board 2)
:
Approx. 2ms conversion time
:
Channel #0 A-D conversion data read
Channel #64 A-D conversion data read
Channel #128 A-D conversion data read
In this manual, batch data acquisition after several attempts of A-D conversion start is referred to as multi start.
Data acquisition in response to single attempt of A-D conversion start is referred to as single start.
Single start and multi start call up data in a like manner, but an identifier for data acquisition with multi start needs
to be saved.
For data acquisition, data to acquire (what start number data is corresponding to) should be specified with the
saved identifier before A-D conversion data acquisition is performed.
<Advme2607><Advme2607>
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3. API Specification
(1) Advme2607Drv(&spec)
Arguments struct AI_DRV_SPEC {
int number_of_unit
int chan_no[MAX_BOARD_NO];
unsigned char *base_addr;
int vector;
int irq;
}spec;
number_of_unit Number of Advme2607 boards installed
chan_no Assign the number of channels (64/32) to each board.
base_addr Allocate the Advme2607 base address.
Use of multiple Advme2607 boards requires the allocation of the base
address allocated to the lowest order.
vector Interrupt vector for this device driver. Each individual interrupt vector
must be assigned.
irq Interrupt level (1 to 7) for this device driver
Return value int 0 : Normal completion
-1 : Parameter error (invalid parameter set)
-2 : The board is not installed.
The bus error occurred when accessing the device at the allocated address.
-3 : Invalid board ID
The device at the allocated address is not the Advme2607.
-4 : Installation error
Function This is for checking the board installed and installing the device driver on VxWorks. This also
permits the initialization of the device driver.
Example When four Advme2607 boards (differential and single-end) are installed in the system
#include "ai2607.h"
LOCAL struct AI_DRV_SPEC spec = {
4, /* unit number */
{ DIFFERENTIAL,DIFFERENTIAL,SINGLE_END,DIFFERENTIAL}, /* channels of unit */
0xffff0000, /* base address */
0xe0, /* vector */
2 /* interrupt level */
};
:
:
stat = Advme2607_Drv( &spec );
SINGLE_END and DIFFERENTIAL symbols are defined in ai2607.h respectively.
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(2) Advme2607_DevCreate( name )
Arguments char*name Move the pointer to the string of the logical device name.
Return value int 0 : Normal completion
-1 : The device driver is not found.
-2 : Device driver installation error
Function This is for installing the device driver on VxWorks and producing a semaphore.
Example #define DEV_NAME_AV2607 "/AI2607"
:
stat = Advme2607_DevCreate( DEV_NAME_AV2607 );
:
fd = open( DEV_NAME_AV2607, O_RDONLY, 0 );
(3) open( name, flags, mode )
Arguments char*name Move the pointer to the string of the logical device name.
“char*name” must match the device name specified by Advme2607_ DevCreate().
int flags Assign “O_RDONLY”.
int mode Not used (set to “0”)
Return value Other than int ERROR : File descriptor
Error : Opening failed
Function This is for opening the logical device and returning the file descriptor assigned to close(), read(),
and ioctl().
Example fd = open( DEV_NAME_AV2607, O_RDONLY, 0 );
:
n = read( fd, buf, sizeof(buf) );
:
close( fd );
(4) close( fd )
Arguments intfd Allocate the file descriptor specified by open().
Return value int OK : Normal completion
ERROR : Error
Function This is for closing the logical device.
Example See Example in open().
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(5) ioctl( fd, function, arg )
Arguments int fd Allocate the file descriptor specified by open().
int function Allocate either of the following codes for specifying the function.
1. A-D conversion start
2. A-D conversion data acquisition select
The symbols are defined in ai2607.h.
int arg Allocate a functional parameter or parameter structure address.
1. When “AI_START_CH” is executed
Allocate an address of the STR_AI_START_CH structure to “arg”.
struct STR_AI_START_CH {
int from_ch;
int number_of_ch;
int handle;
int status;
}arg;
from_ch : Assign a starting number (0 to 1279 *1) of the consecutive channels
to execute data acquisition.
number_of_ch : Assign the number of channels for data acquisition (1 to 1280 *1).
handle : The identifier to be assigned for data read is returned.
status : The detail code is returned upon ERROR return.
-1 : Invalid channel number
-2 : Board with the assigned channel in A-D conversion
-3 : Insufficient internal resource
(*1) It varies with the number of Advme2607 boards installed.
2. When “AI_READ_CH” is executed
Allocate an identifier which is gotten with 1. AI_START_CH to “arg”.
Return value int OK : Normal completion
ERROR : Error
Function code execution
1. AI_START_CH
To acquire A-D conversion values on consecutive channels started with a specified channel,
this is for issuing the A-D conversion start command to a board with the relevant channel.
Code execution is insusceptible to specified consecutive channels spanning boards physically.
<Note>
Identifier internal resources are allocated upon executing the above function code, and the
resources are to be freed after the execution of read(). If repeated actions without executing
read() occur despite A-D start, many internal resources are consumed that causes insufficient
resources. read() must be called up for the number of A-D starts in the application.
All internal resources will be freed upon executing close().
<Advme2607><Advme2607>
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Example When A-D conversion values on consecutive channels #12 to #39 are calculated:
short buf[39-12+1];
struct STR_AI_START_CH arg;
arg.from_ch = 12; /* Starting channel #12 */
arg.number_of_ch = 39-12+1; /* Number of conversion channels 28 */
stat = ioctl( fd, AI_START_CH, (int)&arg ); /* Single start */
if(stat==OK){
/* No channel allocation with single start */
read( fd, buf, sizeof(buf) ); /* A-D conversion value calculation */
} else {
· · · · · · (Error handling) · · · · · ·
switch(arg.status){ /* Detail code */
:
}
}
2. AI_READ_CH
Upon multi start, this is for specifying A-D conversion data on consecutive channels to be
acquired with the identifier specified by executing 1. AI_START_CH.
Example When A-D conversion values on channels #0 and #65 to #67 are calculated respectively:
short buf1[1],buf2[3];
struct STR_AI_START_CH arg;
int hdl1,hdl2;
arg.from_ch = 0; /* Starting channel #0 */
arg.number_of_ch = 0-0+1; /* Number of conversion channels 1 */
stat = ioctl( fd, AI_START_CH, (int)&arg ); /* Multi start (1) */
if( stat == OK ){
hdl1 = arg.handle; /* Identifier get */
} else {
· · · · · · (Error handling) · · · · · ·
}
arg.from_ch = 65; /* Starting channel #65 - 67 */
arg.number_of_ch = 67-65+1; /* Number of conversion channels 3 */
stat = ioctl( fd, AI_START_CH, (int)&arg ); /* Multi start (2) */
if( stat == OK ){
hdl2 = arg.handle; /* Identifier get */
} else {
· · · · · · (Error handling) · · · · · ·
}
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/* Specifying the acquisition of A-D conversion value specified with identifier hfl1*/
stat = ioctl( fd, AI_START_CH, hdl1 );
if( stat == OK ){
/* A-D conversion value acquisition (ch#0) */
stat = read( fd, buf1, sizeof(buf1) );
} else {
· · · · · · (Error handling) · · · · · ·
}
/* Specifying the acquisition of A-D conversion value specified with identifier hfl2*/
stat = ioctl( fd, AI_START_CH, hdl2 );
if( stat == OK ){
/* A-D conversion value acquisition (ch#65-67) */
stat = read( fd, buf2, sizeof(buf2) );
} else {
· · · · · · (Error handling) · · · · · ·
}
(6)read( fd, buf, n )
Arguments int fd Allocate the file descriptor specified by open().
short_buf Pointer to the area to calculate the A-D conversion value
size_t n Size of the area to calculate the A-D conversion value on a byte-by-byte basis
Return value Other than int ERROR : Size of loaded data (byte count)
Error : Reading failed
Function This is for reading data on single-start A-D conversion and on multi-start A-D conversion on a
channel corresponding to an identifier specified by AI_READ_CH (ioctl(), 2), and for storing
the data in an area specified with the second argument. Channel data ranging 16 bits is stored in
ascending order of channel number. (See below)
If the size of the area specified with the third argument is violated by that of data to be loaded,
the data is stored as much as possible and data not loaded is discarded.
[buf when channel data acquisition (read()) takes place; From Channel #32 for 3 channels]
The number of significant digits for A-D converted value: 12 bits (upper 4 bits = 0)
Example See Example in ioctl().
<----16bit---->
buf[0] channel-#32
buf[1] channel-#33
buf[2] channel-#34
<Advme2607><Advme2607>
<Advme2607><Advme2607>
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4. Installation of Device Driver
4.1 Accessory CD-R
A CD-R disk comes packed in this product.
The files shown below are contained in the accompanying CD-R disk.
\ <driver>
<VxWorks5.4.2>
2607drv.o Advme2607 device driver for Tornado 2.0.2 (VxWorks 5.4.2)
Advme2607 device driver (in object format)
<longcall>
Advme2607 device driver for Tornado 2.0.2 (VxWorks 5.4.2)
Advme2607 device driver complied with -mlongcall
(in object format)
<VxWorks5.5.1>
2607drv.o Advme2607 device driver for Tornado 2.2.1 (VxWorks 5.5.1)
Advme2607 device driver (in object format)
<longcall>
Advme2607 device driver for Tornado 2.2.1 (VxWorks 5.5.1)
Advme2607 device driver complied with -mlongcall
(in object format)
<sample>
ai2607.h Advme2607 device driver header file
sample_s.c Single-start sample program
sample_m.c Multi-start sample program
<Advme2607><Advme2607>
<Advme2607><Advme2607>
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4.2 Loading of the Device Driver
Execute the following command to load an object file from the shell of VxWorks.
ld < 2607drv.o
The loading of the device driver should always be completed prior to loading the object file of the application
controlled by the relevant device driver.
With the entry of the above command, Id < 2607drv.o, in the VxWorks startup script, the loading of the device
driver takes place upon VxWorks startup. Refer to the “Configuration Startup-Script” in the “Programmer’s Guide”
for details.
<Advme2607><Advme2607>
<Advme2607><Advme2607>
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5. Sample Program
This chapter describes the sample programs of single-start and multi-start conversions.
These samples apply to a situation where two Advme2607 boards are installed. If more than two boards are installed,
Unit_Count (2) needs to be changed with reference to the number of boards packaged.
5.1 Single Start
The sample program requests for inputting of the starting channel number and end channel number of calculating
A-D conversion values upon program start. When start-channel is set to “10” and last-channel to “31”, A-D
conversion values from Channels 10 and 31 are calculated. The program exits if start-channel is set to “-1”. A-D
conversion starts in response to the ioctl0-AI_START_CH function when a value is assigned to last-channel. With
A-D conversion values calculated by executing read(), respective channel values are indicated in hexadecimal.
/* SINGLE START SAMPLE-PROGRAM for Advme2607 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <vxWorks.h>
#include <iosLib.h>
#include "ai2607.h" /* Device driver header file */
#define Unit_Count 2 /* Number of Advme2607 boards installed */
#define Irq 2
#define Vector 0xf0
#define Base_Address 0xffff0000 /* Advme2607 base address */
#define devname "/AI2607" /* Logical device name */
int channel_ary[] = { SINGLE_END,DIFFERENTIAL }; /* Board input settings */
int sample()
{
int i,stat,fd;
int sch,ech,chn;
struct AI_DRV_SPEC install_arg;
struct STR_AI_START_CH start_arg;
unsigned short *buf;
int channel_n;
/* Device driver installation */
install_arg.number_of_unit = Unit_Count;
memcpy( install_arg.chan_no, channel_ary, Unit_Count*sizeof(int) );
for(channel_n=0,i=0;i<Unit_Count;i++){
channel_n += channel_ary[i];
}
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install_arg.base_addr = (unsigned char *)Base_Address;
install_arg.vector = Vector;
install_arg.irq = Irq;
stat = Advme2607_Drv( &install_arg ); /* Device driver registration */
if(stat != OK ){
printf("Driver install error (%d)\n",stat);
return(1);
}
/* Logical device registration */
stat = Advme2607_DevCreate( devname ); /* Logical device registration */
if(stat != OK ){
printf("Device create error (%d)\n",stat);
return(1);
}
/* Opening device */
fd = open( devname, O_RDONLY, 0 ); /* Opening logical device */
if(fd < 0){
printf("open error (%d)\n",fd);
return(1);
}
for(;;){ /* MAIN LOOP */
/* A-D conversion channel input */
do{
/* Acquisition channel (from) */
printf( "Input start-channel ? " );
scanf("%d",&sch);
if(sch==(-1)){
close(fd);
return(0); /* Program exit */
}
/* Acquisition channel (to) */
printf( "Input last-channel ? " );
scanf("%d",&ech);
}while(ech<sch || ech>=channel_n);
<Advme2607><Advme2607>
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/* Loading area allocation */
chn = ech - sch + 1;
buf = (short *)malloc( chn*sizeof(short));
if( buf == NULL ){
printf("memory allocation error\n");
close(fd);
return(1);
}
/* A/D START */
start_arg.from_ch = sch;
start_arg.number_of_ch = chn;
stat = ioctl( fd, AI_START_CH, (int)&start_arg );
if(stat==ERROR){
printf("A/D start error (stat=%d)\n",start_arg.status);
free( buf );
close(fd);
return(1);
}
/* Data reading */
stat = read( fd,(char *)buf, chn*sizeof(short) );
if(stat<0){
printf("read error (stat=%d)\n",stat);
} else {
/* Data display */
for(i=0;i<chn;i++){
printf( "ch%02d:%03x\n",sch+i,buf[i] );
}
}
free( buf );
}/* end of main loop */
}
<Advme2607><Advme2607>
<Advme2607><Advme2607>
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5.2 Multi Start
The sample program requests for inputting of the starting channel number and end channel number of calculating
A-D conversion values repeatedly upon program start, to make a multi start. Setting start-channel to “-1” after
specifying the number of A-D starts to make is deemed as input completion. The program exits if last-channel is
set to “-2” and exits from the input loop upon setting start-channel to “-1”. Using the ioctl0-AI_START_CH
function, A-D conversions for the number of times the channel numbers are specified start accordingly. An iden-
tifier for data acquisition needs to be saved when returned.
Acquire individual data with respect to respective A-D starts after starting A-D conversions. Data acquisition
requires relevant data specification with the ioctl0-AI_READ_CH function by using the identifier returned at A-
D start. As with single start, data acquisition takes place by executing read() and respective channel values are
indicated in hexadecimal. To acquire all data, the execution of ioctl0-AI_READ_CH function and read() is re-
peated for the number of A-D starts specified.
/* MULTI START SAMPLE-PROGRAM for Advme2607 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <vxWorks.h>
#include <iosLib.h>
#include "ai2607.h" /* Device driver header file */
#define Unit_Count 2 /* Number of Advme2607 boards installed */
#define Irq 2
#define Vector 0xf0
#define Base_Address 0xffff0000 /* Advme2607 base address */
#define devname "/AI2607" /* Logical device name */
int channel_ary[] = { SINGLE_END,DIFFERENTIAL }; /* <= Board input settings */
int sample()
{
int i,j,stat,fd,handle;
int sch,ech,chn;
struct AI_DRV_SPEC install_arg;
struct STR_AI_START_CH start_arg;
unsigned short *buf;
int start_N,channel_n;
struct {
int sch;
int ech;
int handle;
short *bufp;
} start_Q[MAX_BOARD_NO];
<Advme2607><Advme2607>
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/* Device driver installation */
install_arg.number_of_unit = Unit_Count;
memcpy( install_arg.chan_no, channel_ary, Unit_Count*sizeof(int) );
for(channel_n=0,i=0;i<Unit_Count;i++){
channel_n += channel_ary[i];
}
install_arg.base_addr = (unsigned char *)Base_Address;
install_arg.vector = Vector;
install_arg.irq = Irq;
stat = Advme2607_Drv( &install_arg ); /* Device driver registration */
if(stat != OK ){
printf("Driver install error (%d)\n",stat);
return(1);
}
/* Logical device registration */
stat = Advme2607_DevCreate( devname ); /* Logical device registration */
if(stat != OK ){
printf("Device create error (%d)\n",stat);
return(1);
}
/* Opening device */
fd = open( devname, O_WRONLY, 0 ); /* Opening logical device */
if(fd < 0){
printf("open error (%d)\n",fd);
return(1);
}
for(;;){ /* MAIN LOOP */
/* A-D conversion channel input */
for(start_N=0;;start_N++){
/* Acquisition channel (from) */
do{
printf( "Input start-channel ? " );
scanf("%d",&sch);
}while(sch>=channel_n);
if(sch==(-1)) break; /* Input completion */
else if(sch>=(-2)){ /* Program exit */
close(fd);
return(0);
}
<Advme2607><Advme2607>
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/* Acquisition channel (to) */
do{
printf( "Input last-channel ? " );
scanf("%d",&ech);
}while(sch>ech || ech>=channel_n);
start_Q[start_N].sch = sch;
start_Q[start_N].ech = ech;
}
/* A/D START LOOP */
for(i=0;i<start_N;i++){
/* Loading area allocation */
chn = start_Q[i].ech - start_Q[i].sch + 1;
start_Q[i].bufp = (short *)malloc( chn*sizeof(short));
if( start_Q[i].bufp == NULL ){
printf("memory allocation error\n");
close(fd);
return(1);
}
/* A/D START */
start_arg.from_ch = start_Q[i].sch;
start_arg.number_of_ch = chn;
stat = ioctl( fd, AI_START_CH, (int)&start_arg );
if(stat==ERROR){
printf("A/D start error (stat=%d)\n",start_arg.status);
free( start_Q[i].bufp );
close(fd);
return(1);
}
start_Q[i].handle = start_arg.handle;
}/* end of A/D start loop */
/* A/D READ LOOP */
for(i=0;i<start_N;i++){
buf = start_Q[i].bufp;
chn = start_Q[i].ech - start_Q[i].sch + 1;
/* Target data specification */
stat = ioctl( fd, AI_READ_CH, start_Q[i].handle );
if(stat==ERROR){
printf("data specified error (stat=%d)\n",stat);
free( start_Q[i].bufp );
close(fd);
return(1);
}
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/* Target data reading */
stat = read( fd,(char *)buf, chn*sizeof(short) );
if(stat<0){
printf("read error (stat=%d)\n",stat);
} else {
/* Data display */
printf("A/D Start No.%d\n",i+1);
for(j=0;j<chn;j++){
printf( "ch%02d:%03x\n",start_Q[i].sch+j,buf[j] );
}
}
free( buf );
}/* end of A/D read loop */
}/* end of main loop */
}
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