Nortel HotWire 8600 User manual

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600

Terminology

Release: 5.0

Document Revision: 01.01

www.nortel.com

NN46205-102

323376-A Rev 01

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Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600

Release: 5.0

Publication: NN46205-102

Document status: Standard

Document release date: 30 May 2008

Printed in Canada and the United States of America

LEGAL NOTICE

While the information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable, except as otherwise expressly

agreed to in writing NORTEL PROVIDES THIS DOCUMENT "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OR CONDITION OF

ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. The information and/or products described in this document are

subject to change without notice.

Nortel, the Nortel logo, and the Globemark are trademarks of Nortel Networks.

SANS is a trademark of The SANS Institute.

All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

ATTENTION

For information about the software license, read "Software license" in this guide.

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Contents

Software license 5

New in this release 9

Other changes 9

Terminology 9

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Introduction 11

A13

B17

C21

D25

E29

F31

G33

H35

I37

J41

L43

M47

N53

O55

P57

Q63

R65

S71

T77

U81

V83

W85

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5

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Software license

This section contains the Nortel Networks software license.

Nortel Networks Inc. software license agreement

This Software License Agreement ("License Agreement") is between

you, the end-user ("Customer") and Nortel Networks Corporation and

its subsidiaries and affiliates ("Nortel Networks"). PLEASE READ THE

FOLLOWING CAREFULLY. YOU MUST ACCEPT THESE LICENSE

TERMS IN ORDER TO DOWNLOAD AND/OR USE THE SOFTWARE.

USE OF THE SOFTWARE CONSTITUTES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF

THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. If you do not accept these terms and

conditions, return the Software, unused and in the original shipping

container, within 30 days of purchase to obtain a credit for the full

purchase price.

"Software" is owned or licensed by Nortel Networks, its parent or one of

its subsidiaries or affiliates, and is copyrighted and licensed, not sold.

Software consists of machine-readable instructions, its components, data,

audio-visual content (such as images, text, recordings or pictures) and

related licensed materials including all whole or partial copies. Nortel

Networks grants you a license to use the Software only in the country

where you acquired the Software. You obtain no rights other than those

granted to you under this License Agreement. You are responsible for the

selection of the Software and for the installation of, use of, and results

obtained from the Software.

1. Licensed Use of Software. Nortel Networks grants Customer a

nonexclusive license to use a copy of the Software on only one machine

at any one time or to the extent of the activation or authorized usage level,

whichever is applicable. To the extent Software is furnished for use with

designated hardware or Customer furnished equipment ("CFE"), Customer

is granted a nonexclusive license to use Software only on such hardware

or CFE, as applicable. Software contains trade secrets and Customer

agrees to treat Software as confidential information using the same care

and discretion Customer uses with its own similar information that it does

not wish to disclose, publish or disseminate. Customer will ensure that

anyone who uses the Software does so only in compliance with the terms

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6 Software license

of this Agreement. Customer shall not a) use, copy, modify, transfer

or distribute the Software except as expressly authorized; b) reverse

assemble, reverse compile, reverse engineer or otherwise translate the

Software; c) create derivative works or modifications unless expressly

authorized; or d) sublicense, rent or lease the Software. Licensors of

intellectual property to Nortel Networks are beneficiaries of this provision.

Upon termination or breach of the license by Customer or in the event

designated hardware or CFE is no longer in use, Customer will promptly

return the Software to Nortel Networks or certify its destruction. Nortel

Networks may audit by remote polling or other reasonable means to

determine Customer’s Software activation or usage levels. If suppliers of

third party software included in Software require Nortel Networks to include

additional or different terms, Customer agrees to abide by such terms

provided by Nortel Networks with respect to such third party software.

2. Warranty. Except as may be otherwise expressly agreed to in

writing between Nortel Networks and Customer, Software is provided

"AS IS" without any warranties (conditions) of any kind. NORTEL

NETWORKS DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES (CONDITIONS) FOR THE

SOFTWARE, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT

LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND

FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND ANY WARRANTY OF

NON-INFRINGEMENT. Nortel Networks is not obligated to provide support

of any kind for the Software. Some jurisdictions do not allow exclusion

of implied warranties, and, in such event, the above exclusions may not

apply.

3. Limitation of Remedies. IN NO EVENT SHALL NORTEL

NETWORKS OR ITS AGENTS OR SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY

OF THE FOLLOWING: a) DAMAGES BASED ON ANY THIRD PARTY

CLAIM; b) LOSS OF, OR DAMAGE TO, CUSTOMER’S RECORDS,

FILES OR DATA; OR c) DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,

PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST

PROFITS OR SAVINGS), WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR

OTHERWISE (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) ARISING OUT OF

YOUR USE OF THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF NORTEL NETWORKS,

ITS AGENTS OR SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THEIR

POSSIBILITY. The forgoing limitations of remedies also apply to any

developer and/or supplier of the Software. Such developer and/or supplier

is an intended beneficiary of this Section. Some jurisdictions do not allow

these limitations or exclusions and, in such event, they may not apply.

4. General

1. If Customer is the United States Government, the following paragraph

shall apply: All Nortel Networks Software available under this License

Agreement is commercial computer software and commercial computer

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Nortel Networks Inc. software license agreement 7

software documentation and, in the event Software is licensed for

or on behalf of the United States Government, the respective rights

to the software and software documentation are governed by Nortel

Networks standard commercial license in accordance with U.S. Federal

Regulations at 48 C.F.R. Sections 12.212 (for non-DoD entities) and

48 C.F.R. 227.7202 (for DoD entities).

2.

Customer may terminate the license at any time. Nortel Networks

may terminate the license if Customer fails to comply with the terms

and conditions of this license. In either event, upon termination,

Customer must either return the Software to Nortel Networks or certify

its destruction.

3.

Customer is responsible for payment of any taxes, including personal

property taxes, resulting from Customer’s use of the Software.

Customer agrees to comply with all applicable laws including all

applicable export and import laws and regulations.

4.

Neither party may bring an action, regardless of form, more than two

years after the cause of the action arose.

5.

The terms and conditions of this License Agreement form the complete

and exclusive agreement between Customer and Nortel Networks.

6.

This License Agreement is governed by the laws of the country in

which Customer acquires the Software. If the Software is acquired in

the United States, then this License Agreement is governed by the

laws of the state of New York.

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New in this release

The following section details what’s new in Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch

8600 Terminology, NN46205-102 for Release 5.0:

•

“Other changes” (page 9)

Other changes

For information about changes that are not feature-related, see the

following sections:

Terminology

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology, NN46205-102 is a new

document for Release 5.0. This document consolidates all terminology and

acronyms into one document. Use this document for information about

common acronyms and terms used in the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch

8600 documentation.

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Introduction

This document provides information about the terms and acronyms used in

the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 documentation.

Navigation

•

“A” (page 13)

•

“B” (page 17)

• “C” (page 21)

•

“D” (page 25)

• “E” (page 29)

•

“F” (page 31)

•

“G” (page 33)

•

“H” (page 35)

• “I” (page 37)

•

“J” (page 41)

•

“L” (page 43)

•

“M” (page 47)

•

“N” (page 53)

• “O” (page 55)

• “P” (page 57)

• “Q” (page 63)

• “R” (page 65)

• “S” (page 71)

• “T” (page 77)

• “U” (page 81)

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12 Introduction

• “V” (page 83)

• “W” (page 85)

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A

access control entry (ACE)

One of the filter rules that comprise an access

control list (ACL). A filter rule statement defines

a pattern (in a packet) and the desired behavior

for packets that carry the pattern. When the

packets match an ACE rule, the specified action

executes.

access control list (ACL)

An ordered list of filter rules referred to as

access control entries. The ACEs provide

specific actions, such as dropping packets within

a specified IP range, or a specific Transmission

Control Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram

Protocol (UDP) port or port range. When an

ingress or egress packet meets the match

criteria specified in one or more ACEs within an

ACL, the corresponding action executes.

access control template (ACT)

Defines the selection of match fields for a given

ACL. Before you add an ACE to an ACL, you

must first associate the ACL with an existing

ACT.

add/drop multiplexer (ADM)

A network element in which facilities are

added, dropped, or passed directly through for

transmission to other network elements.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Maps an IP address to a physical machine

address, for example, maps an IP address to an

Ethernet media across control (MAC) address.

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14 A

address resolution unit (ARU)

An application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)

that makes forwarding decisions that do not

require CPU activity and, therefore; does not

adversely affect forwarding speed.

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

A privacy protocol. AES is the current encryption

standard (FIPS-197) intended for use by U.S.

government organizations to protect sensitive

information.

aggregate

A prefix length that is formed by combining

several specific prefixes. The resulting prefix is

used to combine blocks of address space into a

single routing announcement.

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

(ASCII)

A code for representing characters in computers.

ASCII uses uppercase and lowercase alphabetic

letters, numeric digits, and special symbols.

application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)

A application-specific integrated circuit

developed to perform more quickly and efficiently

than a generic processor.

area border router (ABR)

A router attached to two or more areas inside an

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) network. ABRs

play an important role in OSPF networks by

condensing the amount of disseminated OSPF

information.

asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)

A standard that allows digital broadband (over 6

Mbit/s) signals and plain old telephone service to

transmit up to 12 000 feet over a twisted copper

pair.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

A transfer mode that organizes information into

cells and the recurrence of cells depends on the

required or instantaneous bit rate.

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Navigation 15

attenuation

The decrease in signal strength in an optical fiber

caused by absorption and scattering.

attribute

A unit of data that is used by BGP to describe

any of the following prefixes: AS-PATH,

LOCAL-PREF, NEXT-HOP, and so on.

automatic protection switching (APS)

A Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)

feature that protects against line failure.

AS (autonomous system)

A set of routers under a single technical

administration, using a single IGP and common

metrics to route packets within the AS, and using

an EGP to route packets to other ASs.

AS confederation

A single logical AS that comprises multiple

sub-ASs to ensure scalability.

autonomous system border router (ASBR)

A router attached at the edge of an OSPF

network. An ASBR uses one or more interfaces

that run an interdomain routing protocol such

as BGP. In addition, a router distributing static

routes or Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

routes into OSPF is considered an ASBR.

ASN (autonomous system number)

A two-byte number that is used to identify a

specific AS.

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B

backplane forwarding module (BFM)

Connects the switching module on the Web

Switching Module (WSM) and SSL Acceleration

Module (SAM) to the Nortel Ethernet Routing

Switch 8600 backplane.

backup designated router (BDR)

Assumes the designated router (DR) role for the

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol if the

DR fails.

bandwidth

A measure of transmission capacity for a

particular pathway, expressed in megabits per

second (Mbit/s).

BAP memory controller (BMC)

A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)

device on the R module.

basic rate interface (BRI)

A type of Integrated Services Digital Network

(ISDN) access provided by a set of time division

multiplexed digital channels that include two

B-channels at 64 kbit/s (for digitized voice and

data), one D-channel at 16 kbit/s (for signaling

information), and one or more maintenance

channels.

Baysecure Access Control (BSAC)

A Nortel Remote Authentication Dial-In User

Service (RADIUS) server.

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18 B

bit error rate (BER)

The ratio of the number of bit errors to the

total number of bits transmitted in a given time

interval.

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

An inter-domain routing protocol that provides

loop-free inter-domain routing between

autonomous systems (ASs) or within an AS.

BGP neighbor

BGP routers that have interfaces to a common

network.

BGP peer

A relationship that is formed between any two

routers that open a TCP connection to each

other for the purpose of exchanging routing

informations.

BGP session

An active connection between two routers

running BGP.

BGP speaker

An entity within a BGP router that is used to

communicate with other BGP speakers by

establishing a peer-to-peer session.

bit interleaved parity (BIP)

A simple parity check mechanism.

blade

A synonym for a line card.

Bootstrap Protocol (BootP)

A User Datagram Protocol (UDP)/Internet

Protocol (IP)-based protocol that a booting host

uses to configure itself dynamically and without

user supervision.

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bootstrap router (BSR)

A dynamically elected Protocol Independent

Multicast (PIM) router that collects information

about potential Rendezvous Point routers and

distributes the information to all PIM routers in

the domain.

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

An exterior gateway protocol that routers use in

different autonomous systems (AS) to exchange

routing information.

boundary port

A bridge port that attaches a Multiple Spanning

Tree (MST) bridge to a LAN in another region.

Breaker Interface Panel (BIP)

A central rack location that connects redundant

input DC-power feeds and routes to one or two

8010co chassis. The BIP provides an alarm

module and display panel that monitors system

components, generates alarms, and controls

LED status indicators.

Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU)

A data frame used to exchange information

among the bridges in local or wide area networks

for network topology maintenance.

burst tolerance (BT)

For ATM traffic, the maximum burst size (MBS)

minus 1 multiplied by the difference between

the peak cell rate (PCR) and sustained cell rate

(SCR) intervals.

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