NXP STAR-XL-S08 Operating instructions

Developingcodefor

the

element14/Freescale

XL_STARboard

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DocumentRevision:1.0407/2011

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2

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Pleasenote–whenusingtheXL_STARforUSBdevicedevelopment,viaJ1(the

USBconnectoronthetopsideoftheXL_STAR),theXL_STARmustbepowered

viaaUSBcableconnectedtoJ6(theUSBconnectorontheundersideofthe

XL_STAR)beforeaUSBcableisconnectedtoJ1.

IfUSBcablesarenotconnectedinthisordertheUSBregulatoronU1willbe

overloadedandpermanentdamagetoU1mayoccur.

ForthoseofyouwhowishtopermanentlymodifytheXL_STARboardsothat

thisdamagewillnotoccurthepicturebelowdetailsarelativelysimple

modification.InsummaryavianexttocapacitorC1onthetopsideofthe

boardmustbedrilledoutbreakingtheconnectionofthe+3.3VsupplytoC1

andC2.Thebreakinconnectivitycanbeconfirmedbyplacingamulti‐meter

setforresistancemeasurementbetweenthe+3.3Vsupply(topleftplated

throughhole)andthelefthandpadofC2,whichshouldshowhighimpedance.

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Informationinthisdocumentisprovidedsolelytoenablesystemandsoftwareimplementerstouse

FreescaleSemiconductorproducts.Therearenoexpressorimpliedcopyrightlicensesgranted

hereundertodesignorfabricateanyintegratedcircuitsorintegratedcircuitsbasedonthe

informationinthisdocument.

FreescaleSemiconductorreservestherighttomakechangeswithoutfurthernoticetoanyproducts

herein.FreescaleSemiconductormakesnowarranty,representationorguaranteeregardingthe

suitabilityofitsproductsforanyparticularpurpose,nordoesFreescaleSemiconductorassumeany

liabilityarisingoutoftheapplicationoruseofanyproductorcircuit,andspecificallydisclaimsany

andallliability,includingwithoutlimitationconsequentialorincidentaldamages.“Typical”

parametersthatmaybeprovidedinFreescaleSemiconductordatasheetsand/orspecificationscan

anddovaryindifferentapplicationsandactualperformancemayvaryovertime.Alloperating

parameters,including“Typicals”,mustbevalidatedforeachcustomerapplicationbycustomer’s

technicalexperts.FreescaleSemiconductordoesnotconveyanylicenseunderitspatentrightsnor

therightsofothers.FreescaleSemiconductorproductsarenotdesigned,intended,orauthorizedfor

useascomponentsinsystemsintendedforsurgicalimplantintothebody,orotherapplications

intendedtosupportorsustainlife,orforanyotherapplicationinwhichthefailureoftheFreescale

Semiconductorproductcouldcreateasituationwherepersonalinjuryordeathmayoccur.Should

BuyerpurchaseoruseFreescaleSemiconductorproductsforanysuchunintendedorunauthorized

application,BuyershallindemnifyandholdFreescaleSemiconductoranditsofficers,employees,

subsidiaries,affiliates,anddistributorsharmlessagainstallclaims,costs,damages,andexpenses,

andreasonableattorneyfeesarisingoutof,directlyorindirectly,anyclaimofpersonalinjuryor

deathassociatedwithsuchunintendedorunauthorizeduse,evenifsuchclaimallegesthatFreescale

Semiconductorwasnegligentregardingthedesignormanufactureofthepart.

Freescale™andtheFreescalelogoaretrademarksofFreescaleSemiconductor,Inc.Allotherproduct

orservicenamesarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.

©FreescaleSemiconductor,Inc.2011.Allrightsreserved

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TableofContents

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1.Introduction.......................................................................................................................6

2.XL_STARboardhardware...................................................................................................7

2.1.TopSide...............................................................................................................................7

2.2.BottomSide.........................................................................................................................8

2.3.Jumpers.............................................................................................................................10

3.TheSampleApplication.....................................................................................................11

3.1.DemoSelection.................................................................................................................11

3.2.Changingsensitivity..........................................................................................................12

3.3.Selecting8‐or14‐bitdata.................................................................................................13

3.4.LowPowerMode..............................................................................................................13

4.InstallingCodeWarrior.......................................................................................................14

4.1.SystemRequirements.......................................................................................................14

4.2.EasyInstall.........................................................................................................................14

4.3.InstallingtheUSBDrivers..................................................................................................17

4.4.CheckingthattheXL_STARboardisrecognisedbyWindows..........................................18

4.5.InstallingCodeWarrior6.3SEmanually............................................................................19

5.DevelopingcodefortheXL_STARBoard............................................................................21

5.1.Introduction......................................................................................................................21

5.2.SampleCodeWarriorProject............................................................................................21

5.3.TurningoffMulti‐DocumentInterface(MDI)mode(Optional)........................................22

5.4.TheCodeWarriorProjectwindow....................................................................................24

5.5.EditingandcompilingaFile..............................................................................................25

5.6.Buildingcode.....................................................................................................................27

5.7.Debuggingcode................................................................................................................

28

5.8.Problemsconnectingtotheboard...................................................................................31

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5.9.Problemsdebuggingathighclockspeeds........................................................................33

6.UpdatingtheOSBDM‐JM60Firmwareontheboard...........................................................34

7.UnderstandingthesourcecodeoftheDemoprogram.......................................................38

7.1.Orientation........................................................................................................................38

7.2.LightingtheorangeLEDs...................................................................................................38

7.3.CommunicatingwiththeAccelerometer..........................................................................40

7.4.InterruptHandling............................................................................................................40

7.5.LowPowermode..............................................................................................................41

7.6.FloatingPointcode...........................................................................................................41

7.7.FreescaleApplicationNotesfortheMMA8451QAccelerometer....................................41

8.WritingyourowncodefortheXL_STARBoard..................................................................43

8.1.Creatinganewproject......................................................................................................43

8.2.FindingyourwayaroundtheCodeWarriorProjectWindow...........................................49

8.3.Writingsomesimplesourcecode.....................................................................................50

8.4.Buildingthenewproject...................................................................................................53

8.5.DownloadingtheprojecttotheXL_STARboard..............................................................53

8.6.Runningthecode..............................................................................................................53

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1. Introduction

ThisdocumentdescribestheprocessofdevelopingcodeforFreescale’sXL_STAR,alowcost

developmentboardfeaturingoneofthemostrecentmembersoftheHCS08familyof8‐bit

microcontrollers,theMC9S08MM128.

Thedocumentwilllookatthefollowingtopics:

• AnintroductiontotheXL_STARhardware

• Howtousethesampleapplicationpre‐programmedontotheboard

• HowtoinstallFreescale’sCodeWarriorforMicrocontrollersV6.3Integrated

DevelopmentEnvironment(IDE)onaWindowsPC

• HowtocompileandbuildasampleHCS08project

• ProgrammingthecodeintotheFlashmemoryontheHCS08

• Debugging

• WritingyourowncodefortheXL_STARboard

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Ifyouarekeentoexperimentbeforereadingthismanual,justswitchontheboardandtry

thepre‐programmedapplication.Itfeaturesanumberofdemosdesignedtoshowsomeof

thethingsyoucandowiththeon‐boardaccelerometer.Youcanfinddetailsaboutthe

availabledemomodesinSection3.

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NB:DonotconnecttheboardtoaPCuntilyouhaveinstalledCodeWarrior,becausethePC

won’trecognisetheboarduntilaUSBdriverhasbeeninstalled.

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2. XL_STARboardhardware

TheXL_STARisadouble‐sidedboard.Itmaybesimplesttoimaginethatthetwosidesare

separatecircuitboardsthatarestucktogether.Asadeveloperyouwillmainlybeconcerned

withthetopside.

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2.1. TopSide

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Figure1:XL_STARBoard‐TopSide

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Onthetopsideoftheboard(Figure1)isthemainmicrocontroller(MCU)‐aFreescale

MC9S08MM128.Thisisan8‐bitMCUbasedontheHCS08‐familyarchitecture,withthe

followingspecification:

• 128KBofFlash

• 12KBofRAM

• Processorspeedconfigurableupto48MHz

AlsoonthetopsideisaFreescaleaccelerometer,theMMA8451Q.Thiscandetectbothits

orientation,throughthestaticpullofgravity,andanymovementoftheboardwhichcauses

accelerationordeceleration.

Thereisasetof48orangeLEDsarrangedinan8‐pointedstarwiththeaccelerometeratits

centre.TheLEDsareusedbythedemoprogramtoindicateinformationsuchashowthe

boardistilted.

ThreesmallpushbuttonsSW1‐SW3allowtheusertoselectdifferentaccelerometerdemos

(tilt,tap,shake,freefalldetection,etc),andtoconfiguretheaccelerometer.The

accompanyinggreenLEDsareusedbythedemoprogramtoindicatestatusinformation.

ThereisanOn/OffswitchconnectedtoaLithiumIonCoinCellbatterywhichismountedon

theundersideoftheboard.

FinallythereisaspareUSBconnectornexttotheOn/Offswitch.Youwillnotneedtouse

thisUSBconnectorunlessyouarewritingyourownapplicationwhichincludesaUSB

interface.ItisnottheUSBportwhichisusedtodebugtheboard.

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2.2. BottomSide

Innormaluse,whentheXL_STARboardisnotconnectedtoaPCfordebugging,mostofthe

circuitonthebottomsideoftheboardisnotpowered.Theonlythinginuseisthebattery.

Thebottomsideoftheboard(Figure2)isrequiredwhendownloadinganewprogramfrom

thePCtobestoredintheflashontheMC9S08MM128,andwhendebuggingtheprogram.

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Figure2:XL_STARBoard‐BottomSide

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Thebottomsideoftheboardincludesthefollowingmajorcomponents:

• TheLiIonbattery

• Asecondary8‐bitmicrocontroller(aFreescaleMC9S08JM60)whichaccepts

debuggingcommandsfromthePCandformstheOpenSourceBackgroundDebug

Mode(OSBDM)interface.TheJM60thencontrolsthemainMCUonthetopsideof

theboardusingitsBDMinterface.

• TheUSBportusedtoconnecttheJM60toaPC

• AFreescaleMC34673batterychargerfortheLiIonbattery.

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WhenaUSBcableispluggedintotheundersideUSBport,thepowerforbothsidesofthe

boardistakenfromthePCandregulateddownto3.3VusingaFreescaleMC34727CFC.The

batterychargerwilltopupthebatteryusingpowerdrawnfromtheUSBconnection.

NB:IfyouhaveusedotherFreescaledevelopmentsystemsyoumaybefamiliarwithasetup

inwhichthetargetboardthatyou’rewritingcodeforisconnectedtothePCviaspecial

debughardwaresuchasa‘P&E’USBBDMMULTILINK.SuchdevicestypicallyhaveaUSB

connectiontoconnecttothePC,anda6‐pinBDMcabletoconnecttothetargetboard.In

thecaseoftheXL_STARboardthisseparatedebuginterfaceisnotrequired;this

functionalityisprovidedbytheelectronicsonthebottomoftheboard.



2.3. Jumpers



Alsoonthetopsideoftheboardarefourjumpers.Fornormalusetheyshouldbe

configuredasfollows:



JP1FittedAccesspointformeasuringS08MM128MCUcurrent



JP2NotfittedWhenfitted,theJM60actsasaUSB‐to‐Serialconverter

(Requiresadditionalsoftware)



JP3NotfittedWhenfitted,theJM60runsabootloaderoutofreset,

allowingupdatingoftheOSBDMdebugfirmware.(See

Section0).

JP4FittedAccesspointformeasuringMMA8451Qaccelerometer

current



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3. TheSampleApplication

TheXL_STARboardcomeswithasampleapplicationalreadyprogrammedintotheon‐chip

FlashoftheMM128MCU.Theprogramisdesignedtoshowsomeofthethingsthatcanbe

donewiththeon‐boardMMA8451Qaccelerometer.

Whenfirstpoweredon,theboardwillgointoan'orientation'demomode.Trypickingthe

boardupandtippingitindifferentdirections.YoushouldseethattheorangeLEDs

illuminatetoindicatethedirectionofthetipanditsmagnitude.

3.1. DemoSelection

YoucanselectbetweenfivedifferentdemosbyrepeatedlypressingbuttonSW3,labelled

ChanasshowninFigure3.ThecurrentdemomodewillbeindicatedbythegreenLEDs

D6‐D10.

Theavailabledemomodesare:

Orient:TrytippingtheboardandwatchtheorangeLEDsindicatethedirectionand

magnitudeoftip

Shake: Tryflickingtheboardinadirection,eitherupordown,leftorright,or

forwardorback.Youneedtouseasharpflick,likestrikingaballinagameof

tabletennis.TheorangeLEDswillpointinthedirectionoftheinitialflick,re‐

settingafteracoupleofseconds.

Iftheinitialflickisnotfastenough,theaccelerometermayinsteaddetect

thereboundeventasyourhandstopstheboard’smovement.Inthiscase

thereversedirectionwillbeilluminated.

Tap: Holdtheboardlooselyandtapitoncewithyourfinger;theLEDswillshowa

'pulse'pattern.Taptwiceinquicksuccession(doubletap)togetadifferent

animatedpattern.

Freefall: Droptheboardfromtheheightofafewcentimetresormore.Thefreefall

eventwillbedetectedanddisplayedontheLEDsforacoupleofseconds.

Transient: TheorangeLEDswillallilluminateiftheboardismoving(strictly,ifitis

acceleratingordecelerating)andturnsoffafterashortwhileiftheboardis

stationary.



12





Figure3:Demomodeselection



3.2. Changingsensitivity

TheaccelerometersensitivitycanbechangedbypressingbuttonSW1,labelledGsel.This

selectswhichmultipleofnormalgravitycorrespondstoafull‐scaleaccelerometerreading.

Theoptionsare2g,4gand8gasindicatedbythegreenLEDsD3‐D5.

Notethatchangingthesensitivityonlyaffectsthe'Orient'demo,becausetheother

accelerometerfunctionsusedheredon'tdependonthesensitivitysetting.



13



3.3. Selecting8or14bitdata

Theaccelerometercanreturn8‐bitor14‐bitdatatotheMM128MCU.Applications

requiringmoreaccuracycanuse14‐bitdata;otherwiseitisfastertoread8‐bitdata.Youcan

selectbetweenthetwooptionsbypressingtheSW2button,labelledDataW,seeFigure3.

ThecurrentselectionisshownonthegreenLEDsD1‐D2.

Changingbetween8‐bitand14‐bitdataonlyaffectsthe'Orient'demobut,althoughthe

datawidthsettingishonoured,youprobablywon'tnoticethedifference.SeeSection7.3

formoreinformation.



3.4. LowPowerMode

Whentheaccelerometerdoesn'tdetectanyinterestingeventsi.e.accelerationor

decelerationforaround20seconds,softwarewillputtheboardintoapower‐savingmode.

Sothatyoucanseethishappening,an'X'patternisdisplayedbrieflybeforealmostallthe

LEDsturnoff.

Towaketheboardup,justpickitup.A'+'patternisdisplayedbrieflytoindicatethatthe

boardisawakeagain,andthecurrentdemomodeisthenresumed.SeeSection7.5for

moreinformation.



14



4. InstallingCodeWarrior

NB:DonotconnecttheboardtoaPCuntilyouhaveinstalledCodeWarrior,becausethePC

won’trecognisetheboarduntilaUSBdriverhasbeeninstalled.



TheXL_STARdevelopmentkitincludesacopyofCodeWarriorforMicrocontrollersV6.3

SpecialEdition.CodeWarriorisanintegrateddevelopmentenvironmentforediting,

compilinganddebuggingcode.TheSpecialEditionisfree,buttheCcompilerislimitedtoa

maximumof32KBofobjectcode.InlaterreleasesofCodeWarriorforMicrocontrollersV6.3

SpecialEditionthiswasincreasedto64KBofobjectcode,pleasechecktheFreescalewebsite

forthelatestrelease‐

http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/overview.jsp?code=CW_SPECIALEDITIONS&tid

=CWH



4.1. SystemRequirements

• 1.0GHzPentiumcompatibleprocessororbetter

• MicrosoftWindowsXPorlater

• 512MBRAM(1GBrecommended)

• 2GBharddiskspaceonWindowssystemdisk

• CD‐ROMdriveforinstallation

• USBportforcommunicationswithtargethardware



4.2. EasyInstall



ThesoftwarefortheXL_STARdevelopmentkitissuppliedonCD.WhenyouinserttheCD,

theauto‐runfeatureshouldlaunchtheXL_STARStarterKitInstallationWizard.Alternatively

youcandouble‐clickonthefileinstall_all.htatorunthewizard.

Initialinstallationrequiresthecompletionofsixinstallsteps(Figure4),thefirstfiveofwhich

launchaseparateinstaller.Followtheon‐screeninstructionstocompleteeachstep.

15



Figure4:XL_STARStarterKitinstallationwizard



Notethattheremaybealongdelaybetweenclickingononeofthebuttonsandthe

individualinstallerstartingup.Pleasebepatient.

Makesureyouwaitforeachinstallsteptocompletebeforegoingontothenextstep.

AttheendofStep1,whichinstallsthebaseCodeWarriorsoftware,youwillseeadialog

askingwhetheryouwanttocheckforon‐lineupdates(Figure5).Donotcheckforupdates

atthistime.

16



Figure5:Donotcheckforupdateswhenthefirstinstallercompletes



DuringStep3youwillseeawarningmessagethatProcessorExpertv3.09ServicePackisnot

installed(Figure6).Ignorethiswarningandcontinuewiththeinstallationanyway.



Figure6:IgnorethewarningaboutProcessorExpert



17



Step5allowsyoutoinstallademonstrationCodeWarriorprojectforusewiththeXL_STAR

board.Installthisinafolderthatiseasilywritable‐forexample,usetheDocumentsfolder

notC:\Program FileswhichisprotectedunderWindowsVistaandlaterOSversions.

UsingthedemonstrationprojectisdescribedindetailinSection5.



4.3. InstallingtheUSBDrivers

TheXL_STARboardrequiresanumberofUSBdrivers.Althoughthedriverswerepartially

installedinStep4aboveyoumayneedtocarryoutsomeadditionalconfiguration,

dependingontheversionofWindowsyouareusing.Whendoingthisyoushouldnotethat

therearethreedriversintotal,andtheprocesswillneedtoberepeatedforeach.Thethree

driversareasfollows:

OSBDMDebugPort

OSBDMSerialPort

OSBDMBootloaderPort

Toinstallthefirsttwodrivers,makesurethatjumperJP3ontheXL_STARboardisnotfitted.

ThenconnecttheboardtothePCusingaUSBcable.Youshouldseeadialogsimilartothe

following(Figure7):



Figure7:InstallingtheOSBDMDebugPortdriver



18



Windowswilllookforasuitabledriverinanumberoflocations,butfailtofindone.Youwillthenbe

giventheoptionofspecifyingthedriverlocationmanually(Figure8).Specifythefolderinwhichyou

installedtheP&EDriversinStep4above,e.g.C:\Program Files\PEMicro



Figure8:SpecifyingthelocationoftheOSBDMDebugPortdriver



AftersuccessfulinstallationoftheOSBDMDebugPortdriver,youwillbepromptedtorepeat

thestepsfortheOSBDMVirtualSerialPort.

Finally,disconnectthecable,installjumperJP3andthenreconnectthecable.Youwillbe

promptedoncemoretocompletethestepsfortheOSBDMBootloaderPort.

Afterinstallingthelastdriver,removejumperJP3andreconnecttheboardoncemore,

readyfornormaloperation.



4.4. CheckingthattheXL_STARboardisrecognisedbyWindows

YoucancheckthattheboardisrecognisedbyWindowsusingtheDeviceManager.Withthe

boardconnectedtothePCandJumperJP3notinstalled,theboardwillshowuptwice

(Figure9):

19



• OpenSourceBDMDebugPortinthesectionLibUSB‐Win32Devices

• PEMicroUSBSerialPort(i1)inthesectionJungo



Figure9:WindowsDeviceManagershowingUSBconnectionstoXL_STARboard



4.5. InstallingCodeWarrior6.3SEmanually

InsteadofusingtheinstallationwizarddescribedinSection4.2above,youcanalsoproceed

manually,usingtheindividualinstallerssuppliedontheCDinthefollowingorder:

(1)InstallCodeWarriorforMicrocontrollersV6.3

CW_MCU_V6_3_SE.exe

(2)InstalltheCodeWarriorforMicrocontrollersV6.3.1update

CWMCUV631.exe

20



(3)InstalltheMM128‐specificpatches

CW08_V6_3_HCS08_MM128_JE128_SP.exe

(4)InstallthelatestUSBdriversneedwhendebuggingcodeontheboard

PEDrivers_install.exe

(5)InstallthesampleXL_STARCodeWarriorproject

setup_sample_project.exe

NXP STAR-XL-S08 Operating instructions

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