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Cisco Prime Network Registrar, Prime Network Registrar 9.1 User guide

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Cisco Prime Network Registrar 9.1 DHCP User Guide
First Published: 2017-12-20
Last Modified: 2020-07-24
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CONTENTS
Introduction to Dynamic Host Configuration 1
CHAPTER 1
How DHCP Works 1
Related Topics 1
Sample DHCP User 2
Typical DHCP Administration 2
Leases 3
Scopes and Policies 3
Links and Prefixes 4
Related Topics 4
Cisco Prime Network Registrar DHCP Implementations 5
Related Topics 5
Virtual Private Networks 5
Prefix Delegation 6
DNS Update 7
Related Topics 7
Effect on DNS of Obtaining Leases 7
Effect on DNS of Reacquiring Leases 8
Effect on DNS of Releasing Leases 8
DHCP Failover 9
Allocating Addresses Through Failover 9
Client-Classes 10
Related Topics 10
DHCP Processing Without Client-Classes 11
DHCP Processing with Client-Classes 11
Defining Scopes for Client-Classes 12
Choosing Networks and Scopes 12
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Managing DHCP Server 15
CHAPTER 2
Configuring DHCP Servers 15
General Configuration Guidelines 15
Configuring DHCP Server Interfaces 16
Local Advanced Web UI 16
CLI Commands 16
Defining Advanced Server Attributes 16
Related Topics 17
Setting Advanced DHCP Server Attributes 17
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 21
CLI Commands 21
Deferring Lease Extensions 22
Setting DHCP Forwarding 23
Editing DHCPv6 Server Attributes 24
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 24
CLI Commands 24
Integrating Windows System Management Servers 25
Using Extensions to Affect DHCP Server Behavior 26
Related Topics 27
Writing Extensions 27
Preventing Chatty Clients by Using an Extension 28
Tuning the DHCP Server 32
Listing Related Servers for DHCP - Failover, DNS, LDAP, and TCP Listener Servers 35
Local Web UI 36
CLI Commands 45
Configuring Virtual Private Networks 45
Related Topics 45
Configuring Virtual Private Networks Using DHCP 45
Related Topics 46
Typical Virtual Private Networks 46
Creating and Editing Virtual Private Networks 47
VPN Usage 48
Configuring Subnet Allocation 50
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Related Topics 50
Configuring DHCP Subnet Allocation 51
VPN and Subnet Allocation Tuning Parameters 52
Configuring BOOTP 52
Related Topics 53
About BOOTP 53
Enabling BOOTP for Scopes 54
Moving or Decommissioning BOOTP Clients 54
Using Dynamic BOOTP 54
BOOTP Relay 55
Managing DHCP Failover 57
CHAPTER 3
How DHCP Failover Works 57
DHCP Simple Failover 58
DHCPv6 Failover 58
Setting Up Failover Server Pairs 59
Related Topics 59
Adding Failover Pairs 59
60
CLI Commands 63
Related Topics 63
Synchronizing Failover Pairs 63
CLI Commands 66
Failover Checklist 66
Configuring Failover Parameters Based on Your Scenario 67
Setting Backup Percentages 67
Related Topics 68
Setting the Maximum Client Lead Time 68
Using the Failover Safe Period to Move Servers into PARTNER-DOWN State 70
Setting DHCP Request and Response Packet Buffers 72
Setting Load Balancing 72
Related Topics 72
Configuring Load Balancing 73
Recovering from a DHCP Failover 73
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Confirming Failover 73
Related Topics 73
Monitoring DHCP Failover 73
Failover States and Transitions 74
State Transitions During Integration 77
Setting Advanced Failover Attributes 80
Setting Backup Allocation Boundaries 80
DHCPLEASEQUERY and Failover 81
Maintaining Failover Server Pair 81
Changing Failover Pair Names 81
Restarting the Failover Servers 81
Related Topics 81
Recovering Failover Configuration 81
Using PARTNER-DOWN State to Allow a Failover Server to Operate for Extended Periods without
Its Failover Partner 82
Reintegrating the Returning Failover Partner 83
Restoring a Standalone DHCP Failover Server - Tutorial 83
Related Topics 84
Background 84
Repair Procedure 84
Reversing the Failover Role on Backup Server 85
Starting with Server A Powered Off 86
Starting with Server A Powered On and DHCP Server Stopped 86
Starting with Server A Replaced 87
Transferring Current Lease State to Server A 88
Repairing Partners to Their Original Roles 88
Changing Failover Server Roles 89
Related Topics 89
Establishing Failover Using Standalone Server as Main 89
Replacing Servers Having Defective Storage 90
Removing Backup Servers and Halting Failover Operation 91
Adding Main Servers to Existing Backup Servers 91
Configuring Failover on Multiple Interface Hosts 91
Moving Failover Partners to a Different Network 92
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Troubleshooting Failover 93
Related Topics 93
Monitoring Failover Operations 93
Detecting and Handling Network Failures 93
Things to Avoid When Troubleshooting Issues Related to Failover 94
Supporting BOOTP Clients in Failover 94
Related Topics 95
Static BOOTP 95
Dynamic BOOTP 95
Configuring BOOTP Relays 95
BOOTP Backup Percentage 95
DHCP Relay Health Check 96
CLI Commands 96
Managing Address Space 97
CHAPTER 4
Address Block Administrator Role 97
Related Topics 97
Required Permissions 97
Role Functions 98
Address Blocks and Subnets 98
Related Topics 99
Subnet Allocation and DHCP Address Blocks 99
Knowing When to Add Address Blocks 100
Adding Address Blocks 101
CLI Command 102
Configuring Private Networks in VPN for a Tenant 102
Regional Advanced Web UI 102
CLI Commands 102
Delegating Address Blocks 103
CLI Command 103
Creating Reverse Zones from Subnets 103
Related Topics 103
Reclaiming Subnets 103
CLI Command 104
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Adding Children to Address Blocks 104
Adding Address Ranges to Subnets 105
Pulling and Pushing 105
Pulling Replica Address Space from Local Clusters 105
CLI Commands 106
Pushing Subnets to Local DHCP Servers and Routers 106
CLI Command 107
Viewing Address Space 107
Viewing Address Utilization for Address Blocks, Subnets, and Scopes 107
Viewing Address Blocks, Subnets, and Address Types 109
Viewing IPv6 Address Space 110
Viewing Address Utilization for Prefixes 110
Generating Utilization History Reports 113
Related Topics 113
Querying Utilization History Data 113
Regional Web UI 113
Trimming and Compacting Utilization History Data 114
Regional Advanced Web UI 114
Managing Scopes, Prefixes, Links, and Networks 117
CHAPTER 5
Managing Scopes 117
Related Topics 117
Creating Scopes 118
Local Basic Web UI 118
Local Advanced Web UI 118
Configuring Multiple Scopes 119
Related Topics 119
Configuring Multiple Scopes for Round-Robin Address Allocation 119
Configuring Multiple Scopes Using Allocation Priority 120
Editing Scopes 126
Local Advanced Web UI 126
CLI Commands 126
Staged and Synchronous Mode 127
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 127
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CLI Commands 127
Getting Scope Counts on the Server 127
CLI Commands 127
Configuring Embedded Policies for Scopes 128
Local Advanced Web UI 128
CLI Commands 128
Configuring Multiple Subnets on a Network 128
Local Advanced Web UI 129
CLI Commands 129
Enabling and Disabling BOOTP for Scopes 129
Local Advanced Web UI 130
CLI Commands 130
Setting Scopes to Renew-Only 130
Local Advanced Web UI 130
CLI Commands 130
Setting Free Address SNMP Traps on Scopes 130
Local Advanced Web UI 130
CLI Commands 131
Disabling DHCP for Scopes 131
Local Advanced Web UI 131
CLI Commands 131
Deactivating Scopes 131
Local Advanced Web UI 132
CLI Commands 132
Removing Scopes 132
Removing Scopes if Not Reusing Addresses 132
Removing Scopes if Reusing Addresses 132
DHCPv6 Addresses 133
IPv6 Addressing 134
Determining Links and Prefixes 134
Generating Addresses 135
Generating Delegated Prefixes 135
Prefix Stability 136
CMTS Prefix Stability 136
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Universal Prefix Stability 137
Prefix Allocation Groups 137
Configuring Prefixes and Links 138
Creating and Editing Prefixes 138
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 140
CLI Commands 141
Creating and Editing Links 142
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 142
CLI Commands 143
Managing DHCP Networks 143
Related Topics 143
Listing Networks 144
Editing Networks 144
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 144
Managing Scopes, Prefixes, and Link Templates 145
CHAPTER 6
Creating and Applying Scope Templates 145
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 145
Related Topics 145
CLI Commands 146
Additional Scope Template Attributes 146
Editing Scope Templates 146
Applying Scope Templates to Scopes 146
Local Advanced Web UI 146
CLI Commands 147
Cloning a Scope Template 147
Creating and Editing Prefix Templates 147
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 149
CLI Commands 150
Creating and Editing Link Templates 150
Local Advanced and Regional Advanced Web UI 151
CLI Commands 152
Using Expressions in Templates 152
Using Expressions in Scope Templates 152
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Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 156
CLI Commands 157
Scope Name Expression Example 157
Range Expression Example 157
Embedded Policy Option Expression Example 158
Using Expressions in Prefix Templates 158
Using Expressions in Link Templates 162
Managing Policies and Options 167
CHAPTER 7
Configuring DHCP Policies 167
Related Topics 167
Configuring DHCPv6 Policies 168
Reconfigure Support (DHCPv6) 168
Types of Policies 169
Policy Hierarchy 170
DHCPv4 Policy Hierarchy 170
DHCPv6 Policy Hierarchy 171
Creating and Applying DHCP Policies 172
Local Basic or Advanced and Regional Web UI 173
CLI Commands 174
Related Topics 174
Cloning a Policy 174
Setting DHCP Options and Attributes for Policies 175
Related Topics 175
Adding Option Values 175
Local Basic or Advanced and Regional Web UI 175
CLI Commands 176
Adding Complex Values for Suboptions 176
MAP-T and 4rd Options 177
Creating and Editing Embedded Policies 177
Local Advanced Web and Regional UI 177
CLI Commands 177
Creating DHCP Option Definition Sets and Option Definitions 178
Related Topics 178
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Using Standard Option Definition Sets 178
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 179
CLI Commands 179
Creating Custom Option Definitions 180
Creating Vendor-Specific Option Definitions 180
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 181
Example: Creating Vendor Option Set for Cisco AP Devices 182
Example: Creating Vendor Option Set for SunRay Devices 184
Example: Creating Option Set for Cisco 79xx IPPhones 185
Setting Option Values for Policies 185
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 185
CLI Commands 186
Setting DHCPv6 Options 186
Local Advanced Web UI 186
CLI Commands 186
Option Definition Data Types and Repeat Counts 187
Adding Suboption Definitions 187
Option Definition Set 188
Importing and Exporting Option Definition Sets 188
Pushing Option Definition Sets to Local Clusters 189
Pulling Option Definition Sets from Replica Data 189
Managing Leases 191
CHAPTER 8
Lease States 191
IPv4 Lease States 191
IPv6 Lease States 192
Guidelines for Lease Times 193
Restricting Lease Dates 194
DHCPv6 Clients and Leases 195
Related Topics 195
DHCPv6 Bindings 196
Lease Affinity 196
Lease Life Cycle 196
Configuring Leases in Scopes 197
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Viewing Leases 197
Local Basic Web UI 197
Local Advanced Web UI 198
CLI Commands 198
Importing and Exporting Lease Data 198
Import Prerequisites 198
Import and Export Commands 198
Lease Times in Import Files 199
Pinging Hosts Before Offering Addresses 200
Deactivating Leases 201
Local Basic or Advance Web UI 201
CLI Commands 201
Excluding Leases from Ranges 201
Local Basic Web UI 202
Local Advanced Web UI 202
CLI Commands 202
Removing Orphaned Leases 202
Searching Server-Wide for Leases 203
Local Advanced Web UI 203
CLI Commands 205
Using Client Reservations 206
Local Advanced Web UI 207
Differences Between Client Reservations And Lease Reservations 208
Creating Lease Reservations 208
DHCPv4 Reservations 209
Local Basic Web UI 209
Local Advanced Web UI 209
CLI Commands 210
DHCPv6 Lease Reservations 211
Local Advanced Web UI 211
CLI Commands 212
Setting Advanced Lease and Reservation Properties 213
Reserving Currently Leased Addresses 213
Local Advanced Web UI 213
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Example of Reserving an Existing Lease 214
Unreserving Leases 215
Local Advanced Web UI 215
CLI Commands 215
Extending Reservations to Non-MAC Addresses 215
Overriding Client IDs 215
Local Advanced Web UI 216
CLI Commands 216
Reservation Override Example 216
Reconfiguring IPv6 Leases 217
CLI Commands 217
Forcing Lease Availability 217
Local Advanced Web UI 218
CLI Commands 218
Inhibiting Lease Renewals 218
Local Advanced Web UI 219
Moving Leases Between Servers 219
Handling Leases Marked as Unavailable 220
Setting Timeouts for Unavailable Leases 221
Querying Leases 222
Related Topics 222
Leasequery Implementations 222
Pre-RFC Leasequery for DHCPv4 223
RFC 4388 Leasequery for DHCPv4 224
Leasequery for DHCPv6 224
Leasequery Statistics 225
Leasequery Example 226
Difference between TCP bulk leasequery and UDP leasequery 228
Running Address and Lease Reports 229
Running Address Usage Reports 229
Local Advanced Web UI 229
CLI Commands 229
Running IP Lease Histories 229
Enabling Lease History Recording at the Local Cluster 230
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Local Advanced Web UI 230
CLI Commands 230
Querying IP Lease History 230
Local and Regional Advanced Web UI 231
Using the iphist Utility 232
Trimming Lease History Data 235
Regional Web UI 235
Running Lease Utilization Reports 235
Local Advanced Web UI 235
CLI Commands 236
Receiving Lease Notification 236
Related Topics 236
Running Lease Notification Automatically in Linux 236
Running Lease Notification Automatically in Windows 237
Specifying Configuration Files for Lease Notification 237
Dynamic Lease Notification 237
Using Dynamic Lease Notification 238
Sample Lease Notification Client 239
Requirements for Sample Java Client 242
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 242
CLI Command 243
DHCP Listener Configuration 243
Local Advanced Web UI 243
CLI Commands 244
Lease History Database Compression Utility 244
General Comments on Running cnr_leasehist_compress 245
Running Compression on Linux 247
Running Compression on Windows 249
Managing DNS Update 253
CHAPTER 9
DNS Update Process 253
Special DNS Update Considerations 254
DNS Updates for DHCPv6 254
DNS Updates for Non-Temporary Stateful Addresses 254
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DNS Updates for Delegated Prefixes 255
Related Topics 255
DHCPv6 Upgrade Considerations 255
Generating Synthetic Names in DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 256
Determining Reverse Zones for DNS Updates 256
Using the Client FQDN 257
Configuring Access Control Lists and Transaction Security 257
Related Topics 258
Assigning ACLs on DNS Caching Servers or Zones 258
Local Advanced Web UI 258
CLI Commands 258
Configuring Zones for ACLs 259
Transaction Security 259
Related Topics 259
Creating TSIG Keys 259
Local Advanced Web UI 259
CLI Commands 260
Generating Keys 260
Considerations for Managing Keys 261
Adding Supporting TSIG Attributes 262
GSS-TSIG 262
Creating DNS Update Configurations 264
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 264
CLI Commands 266
Related Topics 267
Configuring DNS Update Policies 267
Related Topics 267
Compatibility with Cisco Network Registrar Releases 267
Creating and Editing Update Policies 267
Local Advanced and Regional Advanced Web UI 267
CLI Commands 268
Defining and Applying Rules for Update Policies 268
Related Topics 268
Defining Rules for Named Update Policies 268
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Local Advanced and Regional Advanced Web UI 268
CLI Commands 270
Applying Update Policies to Zones 271
CLI Commands 271
Creating DNS Update Maps 271
Local and Regional Web UI 272
CLI Commands 272
Confirming Dynamic Records 273
Local and Regional Web UI 273
CLI Commands 273
Scavenging Dynamic Records 273
Local Advanced Web UI 274
CLI Commands 275
Transitioning to DHCID RR for DHCPv4 275
Local Advanced and Regional Web UI 276
Configuring DNS Update for Windows Clients 276
Related Topics 276
Client DNS Updates 277
Dual Zone Updates for Windows Clients 279
DNS Update Settings in Windows Clients 279
Windows Client Settings in DHCP Servers 279
SRV Records and DNS Updates 280
Issues Related to Windows Environments 282
Example: Output Showing Invisible Dynamically Created RRs 286
Frequently Asked Questions About Windows Integration 286
Configuring GSS-TSIG 289
Cisco Prime Network Registrar DNS Configuration to integrate with AD 289
Bring Cisco Prime Network Registrar DNS and AD under the same domain in the windows
environment: 289
Integrating the DNS server to AD-KDC 289
Primary DNS Server on Linux Integrated to MIT-KDC 291
Troubleshooting GSS-TSIG Configuration 291
Troubleshooting DNS Update 292
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Managing Client-Classes and Clients 293
CHAPTER 10
Configuring Client-Classes 293
Related Topics 293
Client-Class Process 294
Defining Client-Classes 294
Local Web UI 294
CLI Commands 295
Configuring DHCPv6 Client-Classes 295
Local Advanced Web UI 295
CLI Commands 295
Setting Selection Tags on Scopes and Prefixes 296
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 296
CLI Commands 297
Defining Client-Class Hostname Properties 297
Related Topics 297
Editing Client-Classes and Their Embedded Policies 297
Local Advanced Web UI 297
CLI Commands 298
Processing Client Data Including External Sources 298
Related Topics 299
Processing Order to Determine Client-Classes 299
Processing Order to Determine Selection Tags 299
Troubleshooting Client-Classes 300
Configuring Clients 301
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 301
CLI Commands 302
Related Topics 302
Editing Clients and Their Embedded Policies 302
Local Basic or Advanced Web UI 302
CLI Commands 303
Configuring DHCPv6 Clients 303
Local Advanced Web UI 303
CLI Commands 303
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Setting Windows Client Properties 303
Settings in Windows Clients 304
Settings in DHCP Servers 304
Allocating Provisional Addresses 304
Provisional Addresses for Unknown Clients 304
Using One-Shot Action 305
Skipping Client Entries for Client-Classing 305
Limiting Client Authentication 305
Setting Client Caching Parameters 306
Subscriber Limitation Using Option 82 306
Related Topics 307
General Approach to Subscriber Limitation 307
Typical Limitation Scenario 308
Calculating Client-Classes and Creating Keys 308
Client-Class Lookup Expression Processing 308
Limitation Processing 308
Expression Processing for Subscriber Limitation 309
Configuring Option 82 Limitation 309
Lease Renewal Processing for Option 82 Limitation 309
Administering Option 82 Limitation 310
Troubleshooting Option 82 Limitation 311
Expression Examples 311
Configuring Cisco Prime Network Registrar to Use LDAP 311
Related Topics 311
About LDAP Directory Servers 312
Adding and Editing LDAP Remote Servers 312
Local Advanced Web UI 312
CLI Commands 312
Configuring DHCP Client Queries in LDAP 313
Configuring DHCP-Server-to-LDAP Client Queries 313
Unprovisioning Client Entries 315
Configuring Embedded Policies in LDAP 315
Configuring DHCP LDAP Update and Create Services 316
Related Topics 317
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Lease State Attributes 317
Configuring DHCP to Write Lease States to LDAP 318
Storing Lease State Data as Part of Existing Entries 318
Storing Lease State Data Independently 319
Using LDAP Updates 319
Configuring LDAP State Updates 319
Option 1: Using the update-search-path Option 319
Option 2: Using the dn-format Option 320
Configuring LDAP Entry Creation 321
Troubleshooting LDAP 322
Related Topics 322
LDAP Connection Optimization 322
Recommended Values for LDAP 323
Using Expressions 325
CHAPTER 11
Using Expressions 325
Entering Expressions 326
Creating Expressions 327
Expression Syntax 328
Expression Datatypes 329
Literals in Expressions 329
Expressions Return Typed Values 330
Expressions Can Fail 330
Datatype Conversions 330
Expression Functions 332
+, -, *, /, % 332
and 333
as-blob 333
as-sint 333
as-string 334
as-uint 334
ash 334
bit 335
bit-not 336
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