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Gas Pressure and Temperature Measuring System
Planetary Mills
Operang instrucons
Gas Pressure and Temperature Measuring System for controlling the
grinding process for mechanical alloying
Valid for the following arcle numbers: 50.2510.00 / 50.2540.00
Read the instrucons prior to performing any task!
Translaon of the original operang instrucons
Version 03/2020 Index 006
Fritsch GmbH
Milling and Sizing
Industriestrasse 8
55743 Idar-Oberstein
Telephone: +49 (0)6784/ 70-0
Fax: +49 (0)6784/ 70-11
Email: inf[email protected]
Internet: www.fritsch.de
Cercaons and CE conformity
Fritsch GmbH has been cered by the SGS-TÜV Saar GmbH.
An audit cered that Fritsch GmbH conforms to the requirements of the
DIN EN ISO 9001:2015.
The enclosed Conformity Declaraon lists the guidelines the FRITSCH
instrument conforms to, to be able to bear the CE mark.
Cercaon
CE Conformity
Cercaons and CE conformity
- 3 -
Table of contents
1 Brief descripon of the GTM System............................................ 6
1.1 Scope of applicaon............................................................... 6
1.2 Operang principle................................................................ 6
1.3 The measuring principle......................................................... 6
1.4 Design.................................................................................... 7
2 Technical data................................................................................ 8
3 Safety instrucons for using the GTM System.............................. 9
3.1 Requirements for the user..................................................... 9
3.2 Electrical safety.................................................................... 10
4Installaon................................................................................... 11
4.1 Unpacking............................................................................ 11
4.2 Seng up............................................................................. 11
4.3 Electrical connecon............................................................ 11
4.4 Charging the baery............................................................ 11
4.4.1 Undervoltage display........................................................ 11
4.4.2 Charging rechargeable baeries....................................... 12
4.4.3 Rechargeable baery lifespan........................................... 12
4.5 Inial start-up....................................................................... 12
5 Installing the soware................................................................. 14
5.1 Seng up the interface........................................................ 17
5.2 Conguring the transmission unit........................................ 17
5.2.1 Conguraon.................................................................... 17
5.2.2 Setup - conguraon......................................................... 18
6 Performing a measurement......................................................... 19
6.1 Filter..................................................................................... 19
6.2 Measuring............................................................................ 19
6.3 Transferring measurement data........................................... 20
6.4 Exing the measurement..................................................... 21
6.5 Saving / loading measurements........................................... 21
6.6 Evaluang the measurement............................................... 21
7 Detailed informaon................................................................... 24
7.1 GTM soware...................................................................... 24
7.2 Operang modes and conguraon.................................... 24
7.2.1 Data reducon.................................................................. 24
7.2.2 Standby through conguraon......................................... 25
7.2.3 Automac scan rate adjustment....................................... 25
8 Cleaning........................................................................................ 26
9 Maintenance................................................................................ 27
10 Checklist for troubleshoong...................................................... 28
Table of contents
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1 Brief descripon of the GTM System
1.1 Scope of applicaon
The GTM System records the gas pressure and temperature in the
grinding bowl during the grinding process in Planetary Mills. This pro-
vides a wide range of informaon for describing the communion,
mixing, acvaon, amorphisaon or phase transion processes that have
occurred.
nThe measured gas pressure contains informaon about temperature
changes due to heang of the grinding container. It describes the
interacon of the conned gas with the surfaces created during the
grinding process (adsorpon and desorpon of gases) while taking
into account the whole powder volume.
nBy measuring the basic temperature rise in the system using a tem-
perature sensor, the thermal eect on the gas pressure can be taken
into account to a limited extent.
One essenal applicaon is measuring slow changes of material states
during the grinding process, such as the amorphisaon of metals. Such
tests can take many hours, and rapid data acquision is not necessary.
Another important applicaon for high-energy grinding processes is to
achieve phase formaons or changes as a result of mechanical alloying.
During this processes, extremely fast reacons may occur that can be
recorded by the GTM System at a high measuring rate.
1.2 Operang principle
A microelectronic silicon membrane pressure sensor and a temperature
sensor are used as sensing components that are integrated into a modi-
ed grinding bowl lid (transmission unit). The measured values emied
by the sensors are digitally transmied to a staonary receiver located
outside of the Planetary Mill.
The received data telegrams are checked for completeness and correct-
ness in the receiver and transferred to a PC via a serial RS232 interface.
The computer programme calculates the measured values from the
received data and represents them graphically as a funcon of me. The
measured values can be saved and processed with a spreadsheet applica-
on, for example.
Power is supplied to the transmier and the sensors by rechargeable bat-
teries in the transmission unit. The data of two grinding bowls can also
be evaluated simultaneously. Two transmission units are required for
this.
1.3 The measuring principle
The measuring principle is based on the fact that gas, pressure and tem-
perature are directly proporonal in an ideal gas. (volume and mass of
the gas are constant p = const * T).
Brief descripon of the GTM System
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The transfer of the process heat of the powder to the gas takes place due
to the large powder-gas contact surface and the close intermixing directly
during the grinding process so that temperature changes in the powder
are detected as pressure changes, almost without a me delay.
The release of heat to the grinding bowl causes a change in the relave
temperature of the grinding bowl. To measure this temperature change,
the temperature of the grinding container lid is also measured.
1.4 Design
The GTM System consists of the following parts:
1 Cylinder screws M6 x 50
2 GTM transmier
3 Cylinder screws M5 x 14
4 Filter lid
5 O-ring 78 x 2.5
6 O-ring 78 x 2.5
7 Grinding bowl
Brief descripon of the GTM System
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2 Technical data
Analysis soware runs on WINDOWS XP / 7 / 8 / 10©
GTM pressure measuring range 0 bar - approx. 8 bar
Resoluon of pressure signal < 0.024 kPa
Resoluon of temperature signal 0.025 K
Measuring rate Up to 200 measured values / s in single and double trans-
mission mode
Temperature range of transmission unit 10 °C - 70 °C
Permissible temporary heat of reacon 15 kJ / s
Operang me with full baery Approx. 80 h
Data transmission RS232 connecon to PC (enclosed adapter RS232 to USB)
Radio transmission UHF radio transmier, 10 mW
Range of radio transmission Typically 15 m in buildings
Technical data
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3 Safety instrucons for using the GTM System
nThe device may only be used for the purpose described.
nOnly use original accessories and original spare parts. Failure to
observe this instrucon can compromise the safety of the machine.
nThe operang personnel must be familiar with the content of the
operang manual. This includes ensuring that the operang manual
is provided with the device.
nDo not remove the informaon signs.
nSafe conduct must be strictly observed during all work.
nUnauthorised alteraon of the device will void Fritsch's declaraon
of conformity to European direcves and void the guarantee.
nThe device may only be operated indoors. The surrounding air may
not carry any electrically conducve dust.
nOnly use the measuring system in Planetary Mills from Fritsch GmbH.
nThe GTM System and the laboratory Planetary Mill are not explosion-
protected and are not suitable for grinding explosive materials.
nOperate the measuring system within the dened operang parame-
ters.
nDo not use the measuring system unaended.
nWatch out for jerking movements of the Planetary Mill and correct
the mass distribuons as necessary.
nWatch out for slipping movements of the grinding bowls and
increase the clamping force of the clamping device, if necessary.
nReplace screws that have worn-out threads.
nOnly use the measuring system in a dry environment.
nObserve the safety instrucons in the operang manual of your Plan-
etary Mill.
nBefore using the measuring system, consider the enthalpy of forma-
on of the new compound that could be created. Ensure that only so
much sample material is added to the grinding bowl so that the
quanty of heat released does not exceed 15 kJ per second!
nBefore switching on the Planetary Mill, disconnect the charging cable
from the transmission unit!
3.1 Requirements for the user
This operang manual is intended for persons assigned with operang
and monitoring the Fritsch of the GTM System. The operang manual
and especially its safety instrucons are to be observed by all persons
working on or with this device. In addion, the applicable rules and regu-
laons for accident prevenon at the installaon site are to be observed.
Always keep the operang manual at the installaon site of the of the
GTM System.
People with health problems or under the inuence of medicaon,
drugs, alcohol or exhauson must not operate this device.
Safety instrucons for using the GTM System
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The of the GTM System may only be operated by authorised persons and
serviced or repaired by trained specialists. All commissioning, mainte-
nance and repair work may only be carried out by technically qualied
personnel. Qualied personnel are persons who, because of their educa-
on, experience and training as well as their knowledge of relevant
standards, regulaons, accident prevenon guidelines and operang
condions, are authorised by those responsible for the safety of the
machine to carry out the required work and are able to recognize and
avoid possible hazards as dened for skilled workers in IEC 364.
In order to prevent hazards to users, follow the instrucons in this
manual.
Malfuncons that impair the safety of persons, the of the GTM System or
other material property must be reced immediately. The following
informaon serves both the personal safety of operang personnel as
well as the safety of the products described and any devices connected
to them: All maintenance and repair work may only be performed by
technically qualied personnel.
This operang manual is not a complete technical descripon. Only the
details required for operaon and maintaining usability are described.
Fritsch has prepared and reviewed this operang manual with the
greatest care. However, no guarantee is made for its completeness or
accuracy.
Subject to technical modicaons.
3.2 Electrical safety
Note the input voltage of the receiver! Only connect plugs and cables to
the sockets intended for this purpose.
Safety instrucons for using the GTM System
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4 Installaon
4.1 Unpacking
Compare the contents of the delivery with your order.
4.2 Seng up
nOperate indoors only
nOperang temperature of receiver 20 - 40 °C
nPlace the receiver next to the PC to be used. Connect the RS232
cable (9-pin) with the supplied adapter and the USB plug to your PC.
Then connect the cable to the interface of the receiver. Adjust the
interface used in the soware's default sengs.
4.3 Electrical connecon
Before connecng the power adapter, compare the voltage and current
values stated on the type plate with the values of the mains system to be
used.
If the mains voltage is not 230 V AC, use a power adapter that delivers
12 V DC of output voltage and 300 mW of power.
Plug the jack plug of the power adapter into the rear power supply
socket of the receiver and plug the power adapter into a power outlet.
Switch on the receiver (press the "Power" buon), the green display next
to the switch lights up.
4.4 Charging the baery
4.4.1 Undervoltage display
nIf the voltage falls below a dened value, the soware will display
the message ‘Charge rechargeable baeries / baeries’. The trans-
mission unit can measure for several more hours aer the message
appears for the rst me. The rechargeable baery will then be 2/3
depleted.
nAer the message ‘Cauon! Transmier in undervoltage
transmission mode’ is displayed, measuring and transmission mode
will be shut o aer approximately 1000 data transmissions.
Installaon
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4.4.2 Charging rechargeable baeries
nRecharge the rechargeable baeries prior to long grinding processes.
nThe transmission unit must be at rest when the rechargeable bat-
teries are recharged. Plug the charging cable into the transmier and
into one of the two charging sockets on the receiver.
nThe assigned green display ashes briey three mes and lights up
during the charging process.
nThe green display goes out when the rechargeable baeries are fully
charged.
nIt takes approx. 17 hours to charge discharged baeries.
nStop charging the rechargeable baeries aer one day.
NOTICE!
Aer switching on the ON / OFF switch and subsequent
charging, the rechargeable baeries are always charged
for approx. 5 hours. If this is done several mes in short
succession, there is a risk of overcharging. The
rechargeable baeries may lose capacity as a result.
4.4.3 Rechargeable baery lifespan
nThe lifespan of the baeries will be shortened if the transmission
unit overheats.
nThe rechargeable baeries should be discharged as much as possible
prior to recharging.
nThe transmier rechargeable baeries can last up to 1000 charging/
discharging cycles if used properly.
4.5 Inial start-up
NOTICE!
To use the GTM system, the pressure pad on the Safe-
Lock locking device must be replaced. Simply remove
the original pressure pad and place the pressure pad
supplied with the GTM system on it.
Installaon
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1. Unscrew the transmission unit from the grinding bowl.
2. Plug the switch plug of the charging cable into the socket of the
transmission unit.
3. Unscrew the cover of the transmission unit.
4. Switch on the start-up switch so that the point is visible (the
switched-o state is shown in the photo).
Installaon
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5 Installing the soware
The soware for receiving the GTM data can only be
executed under WINDOWS 10 as administrator!
nStandard PC with MS Windows operang system (95 or higher).
nA serial interface with a transfer rate of 19,200 baud.
nUSB interface
1. Start the PC.
2. Insert USB ash drive and start the Fritsch Soware Installer.
3. Select ‘GTM System’ .
4. Next, select ‘GTM System’ again and the soware installaon will
begin.
5. Start by selecng the desired language.
Prerequisites for installaon
Installing the soware
Installing the soware
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6. The Setup Wizard starts.
7. Accept the licence agreements.
8. Choose a storage locaon for the GTM soware.
9. Select the points at which you would like to set up links for the
GTM soware.
Installing the soware
- 15 -
10. Specify the start menu entry in which you want to install the link.
11. Press the ‘Install’ buon to nish the installaon.
12. A message will nofy you whether the installaon was successful.
13. Start the soware from the start menu or the GTM 2 link on your
desktop.
Installing the soware
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5.1 Seng up the interface
1. In the system sengs, verify the COM port to which the receiver
unit is connected.
2. In the GTM 2 soware, open the Parameters menu item in the Set-
tings tab.
3. Here you can select the correct COM port. This seng will be kept
when the programme is restarted.
5.2 Conguring the transmission unit
The standard parameter set is loaded by default. If you require dierent
sengs, the transmission unit can be in changed in the conguraon
menu. The conguraon must be retained during a measurement. The
standard parameter set is sucient for a wide range of applicaons.
5.2.1 Conguraon
nSerial number:
Can only be changed in administrator mode.
nStand by:
Period of me unl transmier module is temporarily switched o
for energy-saving purposes. Data is only exchanged again if impor-
tant changes have been made to measured values.
nCheck transmission:
Aer the me period of (stand by) x (check transmission), data is
cyclically exchanged even if measured values are idencal.
nScan rate:
Dynamic scan rate in the case of changing measured values.
Example: Measured values that barely change are transmied at
larger me intervals, whereas values that change more dramacally
are transmied at larger intervals. In this way, limited baery charge
is preserved.
n‘p:T’ transmission:
Rao of pressure to temperature measurement.
Example: ‘p:T’ = 15, then the pressure, which can change quickly
under certain circumstances, is measured 15 mes, aer which the
relavely slow temperature change is measured once.
Transmission unit
Pressure
Temperature
Installing the soware
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nUser-dened descripon of the seng.
nThe dened sengs apply to either channel 1 or the (oponal)
channel 2.
nSave sengs as data set or load other sengs.
5.2.2 Setup - conguraon
The values set under ‘Conguraon’ must be transferred to the trans-
mission unit in order to take eect.
To do this, proceed as follows:
1. Connect the transmission unit to the receiver using the charging
cable.
2. Note the receiver channel used in the conguraon
3. Acvate the interface via ‘Connecon’ in the ‘Measurement’ tab.
4. Then select the Setup broadcast-unit transfer tool under
‘Measurement’ and ‘Setup’ .
5. Choose the ‘Setup’ buon to transfer the new conguraon data.
Comment
Sengs
Save / load
Installing the soware
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6 Performing a measurement
6.1 Filter
NOTICE!
– Only use the transmission unit with a lter
inserted.
– Change the lter when you grind dierent mate-
rials.
– Check the lter aer each measurement and
replace it, if necessary.
nUnscrew the two sloed screws (boom of transmission unit)
nRemove the plate
nInsert the lter (a lter is already inserted at the factory)
nScrew the plate back on ghtly
6.2 Measuring
1. Check the following:
nStart-up switch of the transmission unit
nCharge level of the baery
nFilter
nScrew connecon of the transmission unit
2. Fill the grinding bowl (see the operang manual of the Planetary
Mill).
3. Check the lter of the grinding bowl. Replace it if damaged.
4. Screw the transmission unit onto the grinding bowl. (4 screws)
5. Place the grinding bowl into the Planetary Mill.
6. Follow the instrucons for ghtening the grinding bowl in the
operang manual of the Planetary Mill!
CAUTION!
The Planetary Mill must never be loaded on one
side. It must always be loaded symmetrically,
meaning the combined weight of the GTM
System, the grinding balls and the sample must
be the same as a counterweight.
7. Compensate for the weight dierence to the GTM System.
8. Switch on the receiver and the PC.
9. Start the GTM II programme.
Performing a measurement
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6.3 Transferring measurement data
1. Press the buon in order to acvate the connecon to the
receiver.
2. Select the ‘1 channel’ menu item in the ‘Measurement’ menu. A
graph window for data recording appears.
3. The ‘CHECK IN’ message prompts you to disconnect the plug from
the transmission unit. This acvates the unit and starts the trans-
mission of data to the receiver.
4. The yellow LED on the receiver indicates that measurement data is
being received. (yellow display changes the switching status in
me intervals according to conguraon)
5. Set the rotaonal speed and grinding me on the Planetary Mill,
clamp the transmission unit into the bowl holder.
6. As soon as the CHECK IN is completed, data transmission will
begin. If you choose the ‘Start Measurement’ buon (arrow), the
recording is deleted and is started again.
7. Start the grinding process, observing the instrucons in the oper-
ang manual for the Planetary Mill.
NOTICE!
Monitor the temperature of the transmission
unit. Do not allow temperatures to exceed 70 °C
and plan a cool-down phase, if necessary.
The computer programme will display the following message if the tem-
perature is too high: Temperature exceeded on transmission unit
Performing a measurement
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