Omron TMFlow Expression Editor and Listen Mode Owner's manual

TM Robot

Expression Editor and Listen Node

User Manual

Software Version: 1.82

Document Version: 1.00

Release date: 2021-01-08

Expression Editor and Listen Node Software Version: 1.82 Document Version: 1.00

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The information contained herein is the property of Techman Robot Inc. (hereinafter referred to as the

Corporation). No part of this publication may be reproduced or copied in any way, shape or form without

prior authorization from the Corporation. No information contained herein shall be considered an offer

or commitment. It may be subject to change without notice. This Manual will be reviewed periodically.

The Corporation will not be liable for any error or omission.

and logos are registered trademarks of TECHMAN ROBOT INC. and the company reserves

the ownership of this manual and its copy and its copyrights.

 
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REVISION HISTORY TABLE ........................................................................................... 11 
EXPRESSION ......................................................................................................... 12 
1 Types ................................................................................................................................................. 12 
2 Variables and Constants ................................................................................................................... 12 
3 Array ................................................................................................................................................. 16 
4 Operator Symbols ............................................................................................................................. 17 
5 Data type conversion ........................................................................................................................ 19 
6 Warning ............................................................................................................................................ 21 
FUNCTIONS .......................................................................................................... 23 
1 Byte_ToInt16() .................................................................................................................................. 23 
2 Byte_ToInt32() .................................................................................................................................. 24 
3 Byte_ToFloat() .................................................................................................................................. 25 
4 Byte_ToDouble() ............................................................................................................................... 26 
5 Byte_ToInt16Array() ......................................................................................................................... 27 
6 Byte_ToInt32Array() ......................................................................................................................... 28 
7 Byte_ToFloatArray() ......................................................................................................................... 29 
8 Byte_ToDoubleArray() ...................................................................................................................... 30 
9 Byte_ToString() ................................................................................................................................. 31 
10 Byte_Concat() ................................................................................................................................... 32 
11 String_ToInteger() ............................................................................................................................ 35 
12 String_ToFloat() ................................................................................................................................ 37 
13 String_ToDouble() ............................................................................................................................ 39 
14 String_ToByte() ................................................................................................................................. 41 
15 String_IndexOf() ............................................................................................................................... 42 
16 String_LastIndexOf() ......................................................................................................................... 43 
17 String_Substring() ............................................................................................................................. 43 
18 String_Split() ..................................................................................................................................... 46 
Contents 

 
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19 String_Replace() ............................................................................................................................... 47 
20 String_Trim() ..................................................................................................................................... 48 
21 String_ToLower() .............................................................................................................................. 50 
22 String_ToUpper() .............................................................................................................................. 50 
23 Array_Append() ................................................................................................................................ 51 
24 Array_Insert() ................................................................................................................................... 52 
25 Array_Remove() ................................................................................................................................ 53 
26 Array_Equals() .................................................................................................................................. 54 
27 Array_IndexOf() ................................................................................................................................ 56 
28 Array_LastIndexOf() .......................................................................................................................... 57 
29 Array_Reverse() ................................................................................................................................ 58 
30 Array_Sort() ...................................................................................................................................... 60 
31 Array_SubElements() ........................................................................................................................ 61 
32 ValueReverse() .................................................................................................................................. 62 
33 GetBytes() ......................................................................................................................................... 66 
34 GetString() ........................................................................................................................................ 71 
35 GetToken() ........................................................................................................................................ 79 
36 GetAllTokens() .................................................................................................................................. 88 
37 GetNow() .......................................................................................................................................... 90 
38 GetNowStamp() ................................................................................................................................ 91 
39 GetVarValue() ................................................................................................................................... 94 
40 Length()............................................................................................................................................. 95 
41 Ctrl() .................................................................................................................................................. 97 
42 XOR8() ............................................................................................................................................... 98 
43 SUM8() ............................................................................................................................................ 100 
44 SUM16() .......................................................................................................................................... 101 
45 SUM32() .......................................................................................................................................... 103 
46 CRC16() ........................................................................................................................................... 104 

 
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47 CRC32() ........................................................................................................................................... 106 
48 ListenPacket() ................................................................................................................................. 108 
49 ListenSend() .................................................................................................................................... 109 
50 VarSync() ......................................................................................................................................... 111 
MATH FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................... 113 
1 abs() ................................................................................................................................................ 113 
2 pow()............................................................................................................................................... 114 
3 sqrt() ............................................................................................................................................... 116 
4 ceil() ................................................................................................................................................ 116 
5 floor() .............................................................................................................................................. 117 
6 round() ............................................................................................................................................ 118 
7 random() ......................................................................................................................................... 120 
8 d2r() ................................................................................................................................................ 121 
9 r2d() ................................................................................................................................................ 122 
10 sin() ................................................................................................................................................. 122 
11 cos() ................................................................................................................................................ 123 
12 tan() ................................................................................................................................................ 124 
13 asin() ............................................................................................................................................... 125 
14 acos() .............................................................................................................................................. 125 
15 atan() .............................................................................................................................................. 126 
16 atan2() ............................................................................................................................................ 127 
17 log() ................................................................................................................................................. 128 
18 log10() ............................................................................................................................................. 129 
19 norm2() ........................................................................................................................................... 130 
20 dist() ................................................................................................................................................ 131 
21 trans() ............................................................................................................................................. 131 
22 inversetrans() .................................................................................................................................. 132 
23 applytrans() .................................................................................................................................... 134 

 
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24 interpoint() ..................................................................................................................................... 136 
25 changeref() ..................................................................................................................................... 136 
26 points2coord() ................................................................................................................................ 138 
27 intercoord() .................................................................................................................................... 140 
FILE FUNCTIONS .................................................................................................. 142 
1 File_ReadBytes() ............................................................................................................................. 143 
2 File_ReadText() ............................................................................................................................... 143 
3 File_ReadLines() .............................................................................................................................. 144 
4 File_NextLine() ................................................................................................................................ 146 
5 File_NextEOF() ................................................................................................................................ 149 
6 File_WriteBytes() ............................................................................................................................ 150 
7 File_WriteText() .............................................................................................................................. 155 
8 File_WriteLine() .............................................................................................................................. 158 
9 File_WriteLines() ............................................................................................................................. 161 
10 File_Exists() ..................................................................................................................................... 164 
11 File_Length() ................................................................................................................................... 164 
12 File_Delete() ................................................................................................................................... 165 
13 File_Copy() ...................................................................................................................................... 166 
14 File_CopyImage() ............................................................................................................................ 167 
15 File_Replace() ................................................................................................................................. 169 
16 File_GetToken() .............................................................................................................................. 170 
17 File_GetAllTokens() ........................................................................................................................ 175 
SERIAL PORT FUNCTIONS ..................................................................................... 178 
1 com_read() ..................................................................................................................................... 178 
2 com_read_string() .......................................................................................................................... 184 
3 com_write() .................................................................................................................................... 190 
4 com_writeline() .............................................................................................................................. 192 
SOCKET FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................. 195 

 
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1 socket_read() .................................................................................................................................. 195 
2 socket_read_string() ....................................................................................................................... 201 
3 socket_send() ................................................................................................................................. 207 
4 socket_sendline() ........................................................................................................................... 209 
PARAMETERIZED OBJECTS ................................................................................... 212 
1 Point ............................................................................................................................................... 213 
2 Base ................................................................................................................................................ 214 
3 TCP .................................................................................................................................................. 215 
4 VPoint ............................................................................................................................................. 216 
5 IO .................................................................................................................................................... 217 
6 Robot .............................................................................................................................................. 219 
7 FT .................................................................................................................................................... 220 
EXTERNAL SCRIPT ................................................................................................ 223 
1 Listen Node ..................................................................................................................................... 223 
2 ScriptExit() ...................................................................................................................................... 224 
3 Communication Protocol ................................................................................................................ 224 
4 TMSCT ............................................................................................................................................. 226 
5 TMSTA ............................................................................................................................................. 228 
6 CPERR.............................................................................................................................................. 231 
7 Priority Commands ......................................................................................................................... 233 
ROBOT MOTION FUNCTIONS ............................................................................... 237 
1 QueueTag() ..................................................................................................................................... 237 
2 WaitQueueTag() ............................................................................................................................. 238 
3 StopAndClearBuffer() ..................................................................................................................... 240 
4 Pause() ............................................................................................................................................ 240 
5 Resume() ......................................................................................................................................... 241 
6 PTP()................................................................................................................................................ 241 
7 Line() ............................................................................................................................................... 245 

 
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8 Circle() ............................................................................................................................................. 247 
9 PLine() ............................................................................................................................................. 249 
10 Move_PTP() .................................................................................................................................... 251 
11 Move_Line() .................................................................................................................................... 253 
12 Move_PLine() .................................................................................................................................. 255 
13 ChangeBase() .................................................................................................................................. 257 
14 ChangeTCP() ................................................................................................................................... 258 
15 ChangeLoad() .................................................................................................................................. 261 
16 PVTEnter() ....................................................................................................................................... 262 
17 PVTExit() ......................................................................................................................................... 263 
18 PVTPoint() ....................................................................................................................................... 263 
19 PVTPause() ...................................................................................................................................... 264 
20 PVTResume() .................................................................................................................................. 265 
Pose Configuration Parameters: [Config1, Config2, Config3] .............................................................................. 266 
21 Vision_DoJob() ................................................................................................................................ 266 
22 Vision_DoJob_PTP() ........................................................................................................................ 267 
23 Vision_DoJob_Line() ....................................................................................................................... 268 
24 Vision_IsJobAvailable() ................................................................................................................... 269 
MODBUS FUNCTIONS .......................................................................................... 270 
1 modbus_read() ............................................................................................................................... 270 
2 modbus_read_int16() ..................................................................................................................... 273 
3 modbus_read_int32() ..................................................................................................................... 275 
4 modbus_read_float() ...................................................................................................................... 277 
5 modbus_read_double() .................................................................................................................. 279 
6 modbus_read_string() .................................................................................................................... 281 
7 modbus_write() .............................................................................................................................. 283 
TM ETHERNET SLAVE ........................................................................................... 288 
1 GUI Setting ...................................................................................................................................... 288 

 
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2 svr_read() ....................................................................................................................................... 289 
3 svr_write() ...................................................................................................................................... 289 
4 Data Table ....................................................................................................................................... 290 
5 Communication Protocol ................................................................................................................ 292 
6 TMSVR ............................................................................................................................................ 293 
Mode = 0 (the status the server responds to the client command processing) ............................ 295 
Mode = 1 BINARY ............................................................................................................................ 297 
Mode = 2 STRING ............................................................................................................................ 299 
Mode = 3 JSON ............................................................................................................................... 300 
Mode = 11 BINARY (Request read) ................................................................................................. 301 
Mode = 12 STRING (Request read) ................................................................................................. 302 
Mode = 13 JSON (Request read) ..................................................................................................... 303 
PROFINET FUNCTIONS ......................................................................................... 305 
1 profinet_read_input() ..................................................................................................................... 306 
2 profinet_read_input_int() .............................................................................................................. 310 
3 profinet_read_input_float() ........................................................................................................... 313 
4 profinet_read_input_string() ......................................................................................................... 315 
5 profinet_read_input_bit() .............................................................................................................. 316 
6 profinet_read_output() .................................................................................................................. 319 
7 profinet_read_output_int() ............................................................................................................ 322 
8 profinet_read_output_float() ......................................................................................................... 325 
9 profinet_read_output_string() ....................................................................................................... 327 
10 profinet_read_output_bit() ............................................................................................................ 328 
11 profinet_write_output() ................................................................................................................. 330 
12 profinet_write_output_bit() ........................................................................................................... 339 
ETHERNET/IP FUNCTIONS .................................................................................... 345 
1 eip_read_input() ............................................................................................................................. 346 
2 eip_read_input_int() ...................................................................................................................... 349 

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13.3 eip_read_input_float() ................................................................................................................... 352

13.4 eip_read_input_string() .................................................................................................................. 354

13.5 eip_read_input_bit() ...................................................................................................................... 355

13.6 eip_read_output() .......................................................................................................................... 358

13.7 eip_read_output_int() .................................................................................................................... 362

13.8 eip_read_output_float() ................................................................................................................. 364

13.9 eip_read_output_string() ............................................................................................................... 366

13.10 eip_read_output_bit() .................................................................................................................... 367

13.11 eip_write_output() ......................................................................................................................... 370

13.12 eip_write_output_bit() ................................................................................................................... 378

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Revision History Table

Revision

Date

Revised Content

00

Jan, 2021

In addition to the previous software version, this version added:

 Option 2 and 3 for GetToken() and GetAllTokens()

 Option 2 and 3 for File_GetToken() and File_GetAllTokens()

 Option 2 and 3 for com_read() and com_read_string()

 Socket chapter

 ScriptExit(0) and ScriptExit(1)

 StopAndClearBuffer(0), StopAndClearBuffer(1), and

StopAndClearBuffer(2)

 In Profinet chapter

 function polymorphism (Use Item Name (string) to

access)

 read_output_bit() and read_input_bit() handles

array data

 write_output_bit() handles array data

 EtherNet/IP chapter

 Vision Do Job function in Robot Motion chapter

 File_CopyImage()

 points2coord() and intercoord()

 GetVarValue()

and modified:

 WaitQueueTag tag number argument, value = 0 is only check

timeout

 WaitQueueTag timeout argument, value < 0 is infinite, and 0 is

check one, and > 0 is timeout

 Remove socket_send to IP:Port in Motion functions

 Respective examples of GetToken(), GetAllTokens(),

File_GetToken(), File_GetAllTokens(), com_read(), and

com_read_string().

 Syntax notes on com_write() and com_writeline()

 PVTPoint time unit for ㎳ to second

 (“”) to ("")

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1. Expression

1.1 Types

Different data types of variable can be declared in Variables Manager.

byte

8bit integer

unsigned

0 to 255

significant digit 3

int

32bit integer

signed

-2147483648 to 2147483647

significant digit 10

float

32bit floating-

point

signed

-3.40282e+038f to 3.40282e+038f

significant digit 7

double

64bit floating-

point

signed

-1.79769e+308 to 1.79769e+308

significant digit 15

bool

boolean

true or false

string

For int type variable, both int16 and int32 are supported. The default type is int 32.

int16

16bit integer

signed

-32768 to 32767

significant digit 5

int32

32bit integer

signed

-2147483648 to 2147483647

significant digit 10

1.2 Variables and Constants

1. Variables

In the naming rule of variables, only the numbers, under line and the upper case and lower case English

characters are supported.

Numbers 0123456789

Characters a-z, A-Z, _

Example

Int var_i = 0

string var_s = "ABC"

string var_s1 = "DEF"

string var_s2 = "123"

Without double quotation marks, strings will be taken as variables.

var_s = var_s1 + " and " + var_s2 // var_s = "DEF and 123"

// var_s, var_s1, var_s2 are variable, and " and " is a string.

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In addition to variables, the naming rule also applies to constants, numbers, strings, and Booleans except

that string constants need to be enclosed in double quotes.

When a variable is generated in TMflow, a prefix is added based on the source. To use the variable for writing

or reading, users must enter the full name including the prefix word. For the rules of adding prefixes, refer

to the respective description in variable setting pages.

2. Numbers

 Decimal integer, decimal floating-point, binary, hexadecimal integer and scientific notation are

supported.

Decimal integer 123

-123

+456

Decimal float 34.567

-8.9

Binary 0b0000111

0B1110000

Hexadecimal integer 0x123abc

0X00456DEF

Scientific notation 3.4e5

2.3E-4

 For binary and hexadecimal notation, there is no floating-point.

 The notation of number is not case sensitive.

For example:

0b0011 equals to 0B0011

0xabcD equals to 0XABCD, 0xABCd, 0Xabcd etc.

3.4e5 equals to 3.4E5

 The transforming between floating-point and byte array may cause discrepancy in value

For example:

float 5.317302E+030  float to byte[] {0x72,0x86,0x3A,0x42}

byte[] {0x72,0x86,0x3A,0x43}  byte[] to float 5.317302E+030

 Byte can only present unsigned numbers from 0 to 255. As a result, if negative number is assigned to

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byte type variable directly or through calculation, only 8 bit unsigned value will be kept.

For example:

byte var_b = -100 // var_b = 156 // -100 is present as 0xFFFFFF9C by 16bit notation.

// Because byte can only keep 8 bit data, that is 0x9C (156), b will equals to 156

3. String

When inputting string constant, double quotation marks shall be placed in pairs around the string to avoid

the recognition error of variable and string.。

For example

"Hello World! "

"Hello TM""5" (If " is one of the character in the string, use two ("") instead of one (").

 Control character in double quotation mark are not supported.

For example:

"Hello World!\r\n" (the output would be Hello World!\r\n string)

 Without double quotation marks, the compiling will follows the rules below

1. Numbers will be view as numbers

2. The combination of numbers and characters will be view as variable as long as the variable does

exist.

3. If the variable does not exist, it will be compiled as string with warning message.

 The combination of string and variable

1. Inside double quotation marks, variables will not be combined as variables

For example:

var_s = "TM5" // var_s = "TM5"

var_s1 = "Hi, s Robot" // var_s1 = "Hi, s Robot"

2. To input the combination of variables and strings, double quotation marks needs to be placed

around the string, and plus sign (+) shall be used to link variables and numbers

Example:

var_s1 = "Hi, " + var_s + " Robot" // var_s1 = "Hi, TM5 Robot"

3. To be compatible with the old version software, the single quotation marks can be placed around

the variables, but a warning message will be send out

For example:

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single quotation marks "Hi, ’s’ Robot" // var_s1 = "Hi, TM5 Robot"

"Hi, ’x’ Robot" // var_s1 = "Hi, ‘x’ Robot" // Because variable x does not exist, ‘x’ is

viewed as string

4. Single quotation marks do not support element value retrieval with array indexes. The standard

format with double quotation marks should be used.

For example

string[] var_ss = {"Techman", "Robot"}

"Hi, ‘var_s’ ‘ss[0]’ Robot" // var_s1 = "Hi, TM5 ‘ss[0]’ Robot" // ‘ss[0]’ is invalid

"Hi, " + var_ s + " " + var_ss[0] + " Robot" // var_s1 = "Hi, TM5 Techman Robot"

5. Single quotation marks cannot be presented by ‘". If users would like to input ’(variable name)’,

The standard format with double quotation marks should be used.

For example

"Hi, ‘s’ Robot" // var_s1 = "Hi, TM5 Robot"

// If var_s1 = "Hi, ‘s’ Robot" is what you want, please use the following syntax.

"Hi, ‘" + "s" + "’ Robot" // var_s1 = "Hi, ‘s’ Robot"

 For control character, e.g. new line, please use Ctrl() command.

For example

var_s1 = "Hi, " + Ctrl("\r\n") + s + " Robot" or "Hi, " + NewLine + var_s + " Robot"

Hi,

TM5 Robot

 Reserved characters is similar to variables, no double quotation marks is needed. (But single quotation

mark is not supported)

1. empty empty string, equals to ""

2. newline or NewLine new line, equals to Ctrl("\r\n") or Ctrl(0x0D0A)

4. Boolean

True or false value of logic.

Denote true value

true

True

Denote false value

false

False

The Boolean value is case sensitive. Misuses of capital letters such as TRue will be taken as a variable or a

string.

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1.3 Array

 Array is a set of data with the same data type. The initial value is assigned with {}, and every element remains

the characteristic of its data type.

For example

int[] var_i = {0,1,2,3} // elements in number data type

string[] var_s = {"ABC", "DEF", "GHI"} // elements in string data type

bool[] var_bb = {true, false, true} // elements in boolean data type

 By utilizing index, the value of specified element can be get, the index is start from 0

For example

index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

array eight elements in total

A[0] A[1] A[2] A[3] A[4] A[5] A[6] A[7]

Valid index values [0] .. [7], an error will occur with invalid index number.

 Only one degree array is supported. The maximum index number is 2048.

 The array size may alter according to the return value of functions or assigned values. The maximum

element number is 2048. This feature makes array meet the needs of different functions and applications

in Network Node.

For Example:

string[] var_ss = {empty, empty, empty} // The initial size of string array is 3 elements

var_ss = String_Split("A_B_C_D_F_G_H", "_") // After splitting string, the string array has 7 elements

var_len = Length(var_ss) // var_len = 7

var_ss = String_Split("A,B", ",") // After splitting string, the string array has 2 elements

var_len = Length(var_ss) // var_len = 2

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1.4 Operator Symbols

 The operator table is listed below.

 The calculation follows the precedence of operator first then the associativity.

For example

left-to-right associativity

A = A * B / C % D  ( A = ( ( ( A * B ) / C ) % D ) )

right-to-left associativity

A -= B += 10 && ! !D  ( A -= ( B += ( 10 && ( ! (!D) ) ) ) )

 The calculation will proceed by the type of the operand.

1. When both values come as the integer type, the calculation will proceed by the integer type such as

int var_a = 10

int var_b = 3

float var_c = var_a / var_b

By the operator priority, the calculation goes / first and then =.

var_a / var_b = 10 / 3 = 3 (both var_a and var_b are integers)

var_c = 3 (The integer 3 assigns to the floating point number var_c)

2. When one of the two values comes as the floating-point type, the calculation will proceed by the

floating-point type such as

int var_a = 10

float var_b = 3

float var_c = var_a / var_b

var_a / var_b = 10 / 3 = 3.333333 (for var_b is a floating-point number)

var_c = 3.333333 (the floating-point number 3.333333 assigns to var_c)

var_c = var_a / 3

var_a / 3 = 10 / 3 = 3 (both var_a and 3 are integers)

var_c = 3

var_c = var_a / 3.0

var_a / 3.0 = 10 / 3.0 = 3.333333 (for 3.0 is a floating-point number)

var_c = 3.333333

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

5

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Precedence

High to low

Operator

Name

Example

Requireme

nt

associativity

17

++

Postfix increment

i++

Integer

variable

left-to-right

--

Postfix decrement

i--

()

Function call

int x = f()

[]

Allocate storage

array[4] = 2

Array

variable

16

++

Prefix increment

++i

Integer

variable

right-to-left

--

Prefix decrement

--i

+

Unary plus

int i = +1

Numeric

variable,

Constant

-

Unary minus

int i = -1

!

Logical negation (NOT)

if (!done) …

Boolean

variable 常

數

~

Bitwise NOT

flag1 = ~flag2

Integer

variable 常

數

14

*

Multiplication

int i = 2 * 4

Numeric

variable,

Constant

left-to-right

/

Division

float f = 10.0 / 3.0

%

Modulo (integer

remainder)

int rem = 4 % 3

13

+

Addition

int i = 2 + 3

Numeric

variable,

Constant

-

Subtraction

int i = 5 - 1

12

<<

Bitwise left shift

int flags = 33 << 1

Integer

variable,

Constant

>>

Bitwise right shift

int flags = 33 >> 1

11

<

Less than

if (i < 42) …

Numeric

variable,

Constant

<=

Less than or equal to

if (i <= 42) ...

>

Greater than

if (i > 42) …

>=

Greater than or equal to

if (i >= 42) ...

10

==

Equal to

if (i == 42) ...

!=

Not equal to

if (I != 42) …

9

&

Bitwise AND

flag1 = flag2 & 42

Integer

variable,

Constant

8

^

Bitwise XOR

flag1 = flag2 ^ 42

7

|

Bitwise OR

flag1 = flag2 | 42

6

&&

Logical AND

if (conditionA &&

conditionB)

5

||

Logical OR

if (conditionA ||

conditionB)

4

c ? t : f

Ternary conditional

int i = a > b ? a : b

right-to-left

3

=

Basic assignment

int a = b

+=

Addition assignment

a += 3

-=

Subtraction assignment

b -= 4

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*=

Multiplication assignment

a *= 5

Left side:

Numeric

variable

Right side:

Numeric

variable,

Constant

/=

Division assignment

a /= 2

%=

Modulo assignment

a %= 3

<<=

Bitwise left shift

assignment

flags <<= 2

Left side:

Integer

variable

Right side:

Integer

variable,

Constant

>>=

Bitwise right shift

assignment

flags >>= 2

&=

Bitwise AND assignment

flags &= new_flags

^=

Bitwise XOR assignment

flags ^= new_flags

|=

Bitwise OR assignment

flags |= new_flags

1.5 Data type conversion

 Data types can be converted to each other and used in variables/constants or arrays.

 Conversions must be in the same format of the containers such as variable/constant conversions or array

conversions. It is not permitted to convert a variable to an array or an array to a variable.

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Native type

Conversion type

Example

Result

byte

int

int i = (int)100

i = 100

float

float f = (float)100

f = 100

double

double d = (double)100

d = 100

bool

bool flag = (bool)0

flag = true (not null)

string

string s = (string)100

s = "100"

int

byte

byte b = (byte)1000

b = 232

float

float f = (float)1000

f = 1000

double

double d = (double)1000

d = 1000

bool

bool flag = (bool)1000

flag = true (not null)

string

string s = (string)1000

s = "1000"

float

byte

byte b = (byte)1.23

b = 1

int

int i = (int)1.23

i = 1

double

double d = (double)1.23

d = 1.23

bool

bool flag = (bool)1.23

flag = true

string

string s = (string)1.23

s = "1.23"

double

byte

byte b = (byte)1.23

b = 1

int

int i = (int)1.23

i = 1

float

float f = (float)1.23

f = 1.23

bool

bool flag = (bool)1.23

flag = true

string

string s = (string)1.23

s = "1.23"

bool

byte

byte b = (byte)True

Error

int

int i = (int)False

Error

float

float f = (float)true

Error

double

double d = (double)false

Error

string

string s = (string)True

s = "True"

string

byte

byte b1 = (byte)"1.23"

byte b2 = (byte)"XYZ"

1

Error

int

int i = (int)"1.23"

1

float

float f1 = (float)"1.23"

float f2 = (float)"XYZ"

1.23

Error

double

double d = (double)"1.23"

1.23

bool

bool flag1 = (bool)"1.23"

bool flag2 = (bool)""

flag1 = true (not null)

flag2 = false (null)

 The conversion method of arrays is in accordance with the table above. The conversion is performed for

each element in the array.

string[] var_ss = {"1.23", "4.56", "0.789"}

int[] var_i_array = (int[])var_ss // var_i_array = {1, 4, 0}

float[] var_f_array = (float[])var_ss // var_f_array = {1.23, 4.56, 0.789}

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