Korg monologue Owner's manual

E 2

Table of contents

Introduction ...........................................2

monologue Key Features ............................... 2

Block Diagram .................................................... 3

Controls and Connections ....................4

Front Panel Controls ........................................ 4

Rear Panel Connections .................................. 5

Turning the monologue On and O .......... 6

Playing Programs and Sequences ........9

Selecting and Playing a Program ................ 9

Playing the Sequencer ..................................10

Programs ............................................. 12

Program Architecture .................................... 12

Creating Sounds ..............................................13

Saving a Program ............................................14

Basic Parameter Editing ................................15

Sequencer .......................................................... 22

Mortion Sequence ..........................................24

Edit Mode ............................................ 28

How to enter the Edit mode .......................28

Edit Mode Parameter List .............................30

PROGRAM EDIT mode ...................................31

SEQ EDIT mode ................................................35

GLOBAL EDIT mode ........................................38

Other functions ................................... 47

Tuning .................................................................47

Restoring the Factory settings ...................49

Shortcuts using the SHIFT button ............. 50

Understanding MIDI ........................... 51

Connecting Devices via MIDI and USB ....51

MIDI-Related Settings ....................................53

Program List ........................................ 55

Specications ...................................... 56

MIDI Implementation Chart ............... 58

2

Introduction

monologue Key Features

•

Themonologueisamonophonicsynthesizer,whichfeaturesananalogsyn-

thesizercircuitbasedonthedesignofthepopularminilogue.

•

TheVCFhasbeentunedforuseinmonosynths.Also,adrivecircuitallows

youtoproducemoreaggressivesounds.

•

Themonologueiscompactandlightweight,andcanbepoweredbybaeries,

leingyouenjoymakingsoundwhereveryougo.

•

Instantrecallof80factorypresetsplus20additionaluserprograms.

•

Real-timeoscilloscopeprovidesvisualfeedbackofparameterchanges.

•

16-stepmonophonicsequencercanautomateupto4synthparameters.

•

SyncInandSyncOutjacksallowyoutoexpandyoursessionsetup.

3

Block Diagram

VCO 1

SAW

AUDIO IN

SQR

PITCH

LFO

EG

LFO

VCO 2 WAVE SHAPE

OSC

SYNC

SAW

keytrack

TRI

LFO

WAVE SHAPE

RING

MOD

NOISE

GEN

VCA

VCF

EG

int

velocity

VCO 1 level

VCO 2 level

gate

0% 100%

wave shape amount

OUTPUT

NOISE

EG

int

DRIVE

4

Controls and Connections

Front Panel Controls

Thisdiagramshowsthelayoutofthefrontpanelknobs,switches,andbuons.

1

2

3

4

56 8

91011

12

13

7

1.

MASTER knob

2.

DRIVE knob

3.

OCTAVE switch

4.

Slider

5.

VCO 1

WAVEswitch

SHAPEknob

6.

VCO 2

OCTAVEswitch

PITCHknob

WAVEswitch

SYNC/RINGswitch

SHAPEknob

7.

MIXER

VCO1knob

VCO2knob

8.

FILTER

CUTOFFknob

RESONANCEknob

9.

EG

TYPEswitch

ATTACKknob

DECAYknob

INTknob

TARGETknob

10.

LFO

WAVEswitch

MODEswitch

RATEknob

INTknob

TARGETswitch

11.

SEQUENCER

TEMPOknob

KEYTRG/HOLDbuon

MOTION/SLIDE/

NOTEswitch

EDIT

 EDITMODEbuon

 WRITEbuon

 EXITbuon

SEQUENCER

 PLAYbuon

 RECbuon

 RESTbuon

 SHIFTbuon

Buons1–8

12.

PROGRAM/VALUE knob

13.

Display

5

Rear Panel Connections

Theillustrationbelowshowsatypicalexampleofconnectionsforthemono-

logue.Connectyourequipmentaccordingtotheneedsofyourownsystem.

 Besurethatthepoweronallofyourdevicesisturnedobeforeyou

makeconnections.Leavingthepoweronwhenyoumakeconnections

maycausemalfunctions,ordamageyourspeakersystemandother

components.

Connecting to audio devices

•

Connectyourpoweredmonitorspeaker,mixerorothercomponentstothe

OUTPUTjack(monauraloutput)ofthemonologue.Adjustthevolumelevel

usingtheMASTERknob.

•

Connectyourheadphonestotheheadphonesjack.Thisjackoutputsthesame

signalasthatoftheOUTPUTjack.

•

Connectexternalsoundsources,suchasanothersynthesizer,totheAUDIO

INjack(monauralinput).

USB B connector

Power switch

MIDI IN, OUT connectors

SYNC IN

, OUT jacks

AUDIO IN jack

OUTPUT jack

Headphones

jack

DC 9V jack

Computer

Mixer

Sound module, rhythm machine, etc.

MIDI keyboard, rhythm machine, etc.

Groove machine

Microphone

Monitor speakers

(with internal amp)

Headphones

USB cable

MIDI OUT

MIDI IN

SYNC IN

USB port

INPUT

OUTPUT

AC adapter

(sold separately)

MIDI cable

SYNC cable

6

Connecting to a computer or MIDI devices

•

ToexchangeMIDImessageswithyourcomputer,connectyourcomputerto

theUSBBconnectoronthemonologue.

•

ToexchangeMIDImessageswithanexternalMIDIdevice,connectthede-

vicetotheMIDIIN/OUTconnectorsonthemonologue.

TIP

Fordetails,referto“UnderstandingMIDI”(p.51)

Connecting the SYNC IN and OUT jacks

•

UsetheSYNCINandOUTjacksofthemonologuewhenyouwanttosyn-

chronizetotheoutputpulsesandstepsfromtheaudiooutputjacksofsourc-

essuchastheKorgvolcaseriesoraDAW.ConnectusingaSynccable.

•

TheSYNCOUTjacksendsa5Vpulseof15msatthebeginningofeachstep.

TIP

Referto“Buon5(GLOBAL3)”(p.41)ofGLOBALEDITmodefor

theseingstoturnonthemonologue.

Turning the monologue On and O

Before you turn the monologue On:

Installing batteries

Makesurethatthemonologue’spoweristurnedo.

1.

Open the baery cover on the monologue’s boom panel.

Whilepressingthelatch,pullupwardandremove.

2.

Insert six AA baeries, taking care to observe the cor-

rect polarity (+/− orientation).

Usealkalineornickel-metalhydridebaeries.

3.

Reaach the baery cover.

 Inorderfortheremainingbaeryamounttobedetectedandshown

correctly,youmustusetheparameterinGLOBALEDITmodeto

specifythetypeofbaeriesthatyou’reusing.Bydefault,thisseing

issetto“Alkaline.”Fordetails,referto“BaeryType”(p.43).

Whenthebaeriesbecomedepleted,“BaeryLow”willappearonthedis-

play.Whenthisoccurs,it’stimetoreplacethebaeries.



Removeoldbaeriesimmediately.Otherwise,baeryleakagemayoc-

cur,

resultinginamalfunction.Ifyoudon’tthinkthatyou’llbeusing

theunitforalongperiodoftime,youshouldremovethebaeries.

1

7

TIP

ThemonologuecanalsobeusedwiththeseparatelysoldACadapter

connectedtotheDC9Vjack.

4.

Make sure that any external output devices such as powered monitor

speakers are turned o before connecting them to the monologue.

TIP

IfyouwanttoconnectaMIDIdeviceorcomputertothemonologue’s

MIDIconnectorsorUSBBconnectorinordertousethemonologue’s

keyboardandcontrollerstocontrolanexternalMIDItonegenerator,

orifyouwanttouseanotherMIDIkeyboardorasequencertoplay

themonologue’ssoundgenerator,youwillneedtoconguretheset-

tings.Fordetails,referto“UnderstandingMIDI”(p.51).

Turning the monologue On

1.

Make sure that both the monologue and any external output devices such

as powered monitor speakers are turned o, and turn the volume of all

devices all the way down.

2.

Hold down the Power switch on the rear panel of the monologue; once

the “monologue” logo appears in the display, take your nger o the

Power switch.

3.

Turn on any external output devices such as powered monitor speakers.

4.

Adjust the volume of your external output equipment, and adjust the

monologue’s volume using the MASTER knob.

Turning the monologue O

AnyProgramdatainthemonologuethathasnotbeensavedwillbelostwhen

thepoweristurnedo.BesuretosaveanyProgramandotherimportantdata

thatyouhaveedited(“SavingaProgram”,p.14).

1.

Turn the MASTER knob of the monologue to the le to turn the volume

all the way down.

Also,turnthevolumeallthewaydownonanyexternaloutputdevices

thatmightbeconnected,suchaspoweredmonitorspeakers.

2.

Hold down the Power switch on the rear panel of the monologue; to turn o

the power aer the display goes blank, take your nger o the power switch.

 Onceyouhaveturnedthemonologueo,waitabout10secondsbe-

foreturningthemonologueonagain.

8

Auto Power O Feature

ThemonologuefeaturesanAutoPowerOfeaturethatcanautomaticallyturn

themonologueoaer4hourshaveelapsedwithnooperationoftheknobs,

switches,buons,orkeyboardofthemonologue.Bydefault,thefactoryseing

fortheAutoPowerOisenabled.TheAutoPowerOcanbedisabledusing

thestepsbelow.

1.

Press the EDIT MODE buon.

ThemonologuewillentertheEditMode,andthedisplaywilllooklikethe

illustrationshownbelow.

2.

Turn the PROGRAM/VALUE knob, and select GLOBAL EDIT.

TIP

GLOBALEDITcanalsobeselectedbypressingtheEDITMODEbuon.

3.

Press buon 8 twice.

“AutoPowerO”willbedisplayed.

4.

Turn the PROGRAM/VALUE knob, and select “O”.

5.

Press the EXIT buon.

ThemonologuewillenterthePlaymode,andthedisplaywillindicatethe

currentProgram.

TIP

SeingsinGLOBALEDITaresavedautomatically.

12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16

5

3

1

2, 4

9

Playing Programs and Sequences

Selecting and Playing a Program

Themonologuecomesequippedwith100Programs.Ofthose,80areready-to-

playpresetProgramsand20locationsareavailabletosaveyourownsounds

andcustomedits.

EachProgramincludesseingsforthesound,aswellassequencedataseings.

1.

Enter the Play mode.

Whenthemonologueisturnedon,itwillautomaticallyenterthePlay

mode.

InthePlaymode,verifythattheEDITMODEbuononthefrontpanelare

unlit.

TIP

IftheEDITMODEbuonislit,presstheEXITbuon.ThePLAYor

RECbuonswilllighttoindicatewhenthesequencedatasavedina

Programisbeingplayedbackorisrecording.Youcanstillselectother

Programsinthisstate,butpressthePLAYbuonifyouwishtostop

theSequencer.

2.

Turn the PROGRAM/VALUE knob to select a Program.

ThedisplaywillindicatetheProgramnameandnumber.

Themonologuecomeswith80presetPrograms(001–080)aspartofthefac-

torypreloaddata.ThesepresetProgramsareinstantlyaccessibleandready

foryoutoenjoy.Fordetails,referto“ProgramList”(p.55).

TIP

HolddowntheSHIFTbuonwhileturningthePROGRAM/VALUE

knobtoskipthroughtheProgramListinincrementsof10.

TIP

InadditiontoshowingProgramnameandnumber,thedisplaycan

alsobeusedasanoscilloscope,toshowtheelectricalsignalscreated

bythewaveformofthesound.WhenSLIDEorNOTEisselectedus-

ingtheMOTION/SLIDE/NOTEswitch,thewaveformwillbedis-

played.

1

Make sure EDIT MODE button is unlit.

2

10

3.

Adjusting the OCTAVE range and the DRIVE knob, and the using the

Slider.

Asyouplay,youcanusetheve-wayOCTAVESwitchto

transposetheplayingareaofthekeyboardby±2octaves.

TurntheDRIVEknobtoadjustthedriveeect,whichadds

harmonicsanddistortiontothesound.

Inaddition,youcanmovetheSliderfromletorighttoadd

real-timeperformancecontrol.

TIP

Theparameterassignedtothesliderwillvarydepending

ontheProgram.Rreferto“ProgramList”(p.55)tosee

whichparameterisassignedtothesliderineachProgram.

TIP

TheSliderAssignfunctioninPROGRAMEDITmodeisusedtoas-

signparameterstotheslider(“SliderAssign”,p.31).

Playing the Sequencer

EachPrograminthemonologueincludessequencedata.Inthissection,we’ll

playthesequencedatasavedaspartofthepresetPrograms.

1.

Turn the PROGRAM/VALUE knob to select a Program.

ThedisplaywillindicatetheProgramnameandnumber.

2.

Press the PLAY buon in the SEQUENCER section.

ThesequencedatathatisrecordedinthecurrentProgramwillbeginplaying.

The1–16buonswilllightupinstepswhilethesequencerisplaying.

TIP

IfyoupresstheKEYTRG/HOLDbuon(thebuonwillstaylit)in-

steadofthePLAYbuonandthenplaythekeyboard,thesequence

datawillplaybackwhileakeyisbeingpressed.Ifyouholddown

theKEYTRG/HOLDbuon(thebuonwillbegintoblink)andthen

playthekeyboard,thesequencedatawillkeepplayingback,evenaf-

teryoutakeyourhandothekeyboard.Pressadierentkeyonthe

keyboardwhileholdingdowntheKEYTRG/HOLDbuonasitlights

orashes,toplaybackthesequencedatatransposed.

1

2, 3

1

11

TIP

TheSequencertempoissetforeachProgramintheSEQEDITmode

andsavedaspartoftheProgram,butyoucanadjustthetempofrom

56.0to240.0BPM(BeatsPerMinute)byturningtheTEMPOknob.

3.

Press the PLAY buon once more to end the Sequencer playback.

12

Programs

Program Architecture

EachmonologueProgramincludesseingsfortheOscillators,Mixer,Filter,

EGsandLFO,aswellasa16-StepSequencerplusEects.

Tryeditingeachrelatedparameter,andenjoychangingthesoundsofthe

monologue.

NOTE [STEP 1–16]

GATE TIME [STEP 1–16]

NOTE ON/OFF [STEP1-16]

SLIDE ON/OFF [STEP1-16]

MOTION ON/OFF [STEP1-16]

ACTIVE STEP ON/OFF [STEP1-16]

BPM

Step Length

Step Resolution

Swing

Default Gate Time

Motion Enable (1–4)

Motion Smooth (1–4)

MASTER

DRIVE

VCO 1

WAVE

SHAPE

VCO 2

OCTAVE

WAVE

SYNC/RING

SHAPE

MIXER

VCO1

VCO2

FILTER

CUTOFF

RESONANCE

EG

TYPE

ATTACK

DECAY

INT

TARGET

LFO

WAVE

MODE

RATE

INT

TARGET

LSEQ

TEMPO

KEY TRG/HOLD

Portamento Time

Portamento Mode

Slide Time

Slider Assign

Slider Range

Bend Range +

Bend Range −

Microtuning

Scale Key

Program Tuning

LFO BPM Sync

Cuto Key Track

Cuto Velocity

Amp Velocity

Program Level

Program Name

Basic Parametres

Sequence Data

Sequence Parameters

Detail Parametres

13

Creating Sounds

Editing a programmeanschangingtheProgram’sparameterstoalterits

sound.

Therearetwowaytocreatesoundsonthemonologue.

•

SelectanexistingProgramthat’sclosetothesoundyouwant,andeditthat

Program’sparameterstoachieveyourowncustomsound.

•

YoucanalsoinitializealltheProgramparametersorusethePanelLoadfunc-

tiontocreateyourownsoundfromscratch.

Editing an Existing Program

1.

In Program mode, select the Program that you want to use as a starting

point.

2.

Use the knobs and switches on the front panel.

TakeamomenttoconsiderthedierencesbetweenthecurrentProgram

andthesoundyouhaveinmind,andusethefrontpanelcontrolstoedit

thenecessaryparameters.

TIP

F

ordetailsonhowthepitch,sound,andvolumechangewhenusing

theknobsandswitches,refer

to“BasicParameterEditing”(p.15).

 WerecommendthatyousavetheProgramonthemonologueaer

editingthesound.Anyeditsthatyoumakewillbelostifyouturno

thepowerorrecalladierentProgram.Fordetails,referto“Savinga

Program”(p.14).

Creating a Program from Scratch

Tocreateasoundfromscratch,werecommendthatyouusethePanel Load

function.Thiswillloadthecurrentseingsofeachfrontpanelcontroland

provideasimplestartingpointforyouriconiccreations.

Asyouexplorethefrontpanelcontrols,youcanseehoweachparameterwill

aectthesound,makingiteasiertounderstandhoweachsectionofthemono-

loguefunctionsandhowtheparametersinteract.

Panel Load function

WhenthePLAYbuonispressedwhileholdingdowntheSHIFTbuon,the

panelloadfunctionwillbeenabled.Thesoundwillchangetoreectthepanel

seings,and"LoadPanel"willbeindicatedonthedisplay.

14

Saving a Program

WerecommendthatyousaveyourProgramonthemonologueaerediting

thesound.

 Anyeditsthatyoumaketothecurrentprogramwillbelostifyou

turnothepowerorrecalladierentprogrambeforesaving.

1.

Edit the program in Play mode.

Fordetails,referto“BasicParameterEditing”(p.15).

2.

Press the WRITE buon; the monologue will enter the Write standby

mode, and the WRITE buon will blink.

Themessage“Wheretowrite?”willappearinthedisplay.

3.

Turn the PROGRAM/VALUE knob to select the Program number where

your new sound will be saved.

TIP

PresstheEXITbuontocanceltheoperation.

4.

Press the WRITE buon once more.

TheProgramwillbesavedininternalmemory,andthemessage“Com-

plete”willappearinthedisplay.

 NeverturnothepowerwhileProgramsarebeingsaved.Doingso

maydestroytheinternaldata.

15

Basic Parameter Editing

Inthissection,we’llexplainthebasicparametersthatmakeupaprogram.

Thebasicparametersareassignedtotheknobsandswitchesonthefrontpanel.

VCO 1, VCO 2

VCO:VoltageControlledOscillator

Therearetwooscillatorsinthemonologue.OscillatorParametersincludethe

seingsforthepitchofthesound(OCTAVE,PITCH)andthewaveform(WAVE,

SHAPE).

ThePITCHforVCO1islockedtothemainOCTAVEswitch.Thetuningfor

theentirekeyboardissetusing“MasterTune”inGLOBALEDITmode.For

details,referto“MasterTune”(p.38).

VCO 1

WAVE switch [ , , ]

ThissetsthewaveformsforOscillator1.

Sawtooth wave:Thiswaveformisusedtocreatesoundstypicalofana-

logsynthesizers,suchassynthbassesandbrass.

Triangle wave:Thiswaveformhasarounderfeelthanthesawtoothorsquare

wave.

Square wave:Thiswaveformisusedforelectronicandwindinstrument

sounds.

16

SHAPE knob [0...1023]

Thisknobwilldeterminethenalshape,complexity,orduty-cycle(Square)of

theselectedwaveform.

VCO 2

O C T A V E s w i t c h [ 1 6 ’, 8 ’, 4 ’, 2 ’ ]

ThepitchofOscillator2canbesetinoctavesteps.

PITCH knob [−1200...+1200]

Thepitch,ortuning,oftheOscillator2canbesetusingone-

centsteps.

TIP

TurningthePITCHknobwhileholdingtheSHIFT

buonwillchangethetuningbysemitones(100cents).

WAVE switch [ , , ]

ThissetsthewaveformsforOscillator2.

Sawtooth wave:Thiswaveformisusedtocreatesoundstypicalofanalogsyn-

thesizers,suchassynthbassesandbrass.

Triangle wave:Thiswaveformhasarounderfeelthanthesawtoothorsquare

wave.

Noise wave:Thiswaveformcanbeusedonitsown,ormixedwiththeOscilla-

tortocreatepercussioninstrumentsounds,orsoundeectssuchassurf.

0 1023

17

RING/SYNC switch [OFF, ON]

ThisswitchturnstheOscillatorsyncandringmodulatoronoro.Whenthe

switchisinthecenterposition,boththeoscillatorsyncandtheringmodulator

willbeturnedo.

SYNC:Withthistypeofmodulation,thephaseofOscillator2isforciblysyn-

chronizedtothephaseofOscillator1.Thisaddsharmonicovertonestothe

frequencyofOscillator2,makingacomplexwaveform.

RING:Thisproducesaringmodulationeect.Oscillator1isusedtoring-mod-

ulateOscillator2.ByadjustingthePITCHknobofOscillator2,youcancreate

non-tonalmetallicsounds.

SHAPE knob [0...1023]

Thisknobwilldeterminethenalshape,complexity,orduty-cycle(Square)of

theselectedwaveform.

Sync

VCO 1 Wave

VCO 2 Wave (original)

VCO 2 Wave (output)

VCO 2

VCO 1

RING MOD

0 1023

18

MIXER

ThemixerisusedtosettherelativelevelsofOscillators1and2.

VCO 1 knob [0...1023]

VCO 2 knob [0...1023]

TheseknobscontroltheoutputlevelsofOscillators1and2.

FILTER

VCF:VoltageControlledFilter

Thelow-passltershapesthetonebyselectivelylteringcertainparts

oftheharmonicspectrumofthesoundgeneratedbytheOscillators

andtheNoisegenerator.

CUTOFF knob [0...1023]

Thisknobisusedtosetthecutofrequency.Harmoniccontentabove

thecutofrequencywillbelteredout.

Turningtheknobtothelewilllowerthecutofrequency,andturningthe

knobtotherightwillraisethecutofrequency.

 IftheCUTOFFvalueissettoolow,thevolumemaybeextremely

low.

RESONANCE knob [0...1023]

AlsoknownasPeakorQ,theRESONANCEcontroladdsadditionalemphasis

totheovertonesoccurringattheCUTOFFfrequency,givingadistinctivechar-

actertothesound.

Turningtheknobtotherightwillincreasetheresonanceeect.

TIP

Theovertonesthatareemphasizedwillchangedependingonthecut-

ofrequency.Forthisreason,it’sgoodtoadjusttheCUTOFFknob

whileadjustingtheRESONANCEknob.

 Whenemphasizingtheovertonesinthisway,thesoundmaydistort

dependingonthecutofrequencyortheinputaudio.

Low resonance value

High resonance value

19

EG

EG:EnvelopeGenerator

Youcanmaketime-basedchangesto

theVCA,pitchorcutobyusingthe

EG.

TYPE switch [ , , ]

TheseingsmadeherewillchangetheVCAandTARGETparametersover

time,asshownbelow.

WhenusingGATE,time-basedchangescannotbemadetotheVCA.

ATTACK knob [0...1023]

TheATTACKspeciesthetimerequiredfortheEGtoreachitsmaximumlevel

onceanewnoteisplayed.

DECAY knob [0...1023]

WhentheTYPEswitchissetto“A/D”or“GATE”,thissetstheamountoftime

untilthelevelbecomes0aerthemaximumlevelisreached.

WhentheTYPEswitchissetto“A/G/D”,thissetsthetimefromnote-o(when

thekeyisreleased)untilthelevelreaches0.

TYPE

Amp EG

Attack Decay

0

Attack Decay

0

Int

Attack Decay

0

Int

Attack Decay

0

Int

Attack Decay

0

CUTOFF (Filter EG)

(GATE)

(A/D: Attack/Decay)

(A/G/D: Attack/Gate/Decay)

20

INT knob [−511...0...+511]

SpeciestheintensityoftheEG.

Turningtheknobtotherightwillincreasetheintensity.

TIP

WhenturningtheINTknobwhileholdingdowntheSHIFTbuon,

theeectwillmoveinanegativedirection.

TARGET switch [PITCH, PITCH 2, CUTOFF]

SelectswhichparameterwillbeaectedbytheEG.

PITCH:TheEGwillaectthePITCHofVCO1andVCO2.

PITCH 2:TheEGwillaectthePITCHofVCO2.

CUTOFF:TheEGwillaecttheCUTOFFoftheFILTER.

LFO

LFO:LowFrequencyOscillator

TheLFO(low-frequencyoscillator)is

usedtomakecyclicalchangesinthe

pitchandvolumeofthesound.

Dependingonitstarget,theLFO

canprovidevibrato(PITCH);Tonal

changestotheOscillators(SHAPE);orWah-Wah(CUTOFF)eects.

WAVE switch [ , , ]

TheLFOcanbesettoasawtoothwave( ),atrianglewave( ),orasquare

wave(

).

MODE switch [FAST, SLOW, 1-SHOT]

SpeciestherangeofchangeandactionfortheLFOfrequency.

FAST:TherangeofspeedfortheLFOfrequencywillbefrom0.5Hz–2.8kHz.

SLOW:TherangeofspeedfortheLFOfrequencywillbefrom0.05Hz–28Hz.

1-SHOT:TheLFOwillstoponehalf-cycleaerasoundismade.Therangeof

speedfortheLFOfrequencywillbefrom0.05Hz–28Hz.

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