H3C s5820x series Configuration manual

H3C S5820X&S5800 Series Ethernet Switches

Network Management and Monitoring

Configuration Guide

Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.

http://www.h3c.com

Document Version: 6W103-20100716

Product Version: Release 1110

No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior

written consent of Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks

H3C, , Aolynk, , H

3

Care,

, TOP G, , IRF, NetPilot, Neocean, NeoVTL,

SecPro, SecPoint, SecEngine, SecPath, Comware, Secware, Storware, NQA, VVG, V

2

G, V

n

G, PSPT,

XGbus, N-Bus, TiGem, InnoVision and HUASAN are trademarks of Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co.,

Ltd.

All other trademarks that may be mentioned in this manual are the property of their respective owners.

Notice

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the

preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and

recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Preface

The H3C S5800&S5820X documentation set includes 11 configuration guides, which describe the

software features for the S5800&S5820X Series Ethernet Switches and guide you through the software

configuration procedures. These configuration guides also provide configuration examples to help you

apply software features to different network scenarios.

The Network Management and Monitoring Configuration Guide describes network management and

monitoring fundamentals and configuration. It describes how to view the system information, collect

traffic statistics, sample packets, assess the network performance, synchronize time for all devices with

clocks in your network, supply power for the attached devices by using PoE, perform cluster

management for switches, and use the ping, tracert, and debug commands to check and debug the

current network connectivity.

This preface includes:

z Audience

z Document Organization

z Conventions

z About the H3C S5800&S5820X Documentation Set

z Obtaining Documentation

z Documentation Feedback

Audience

This documentation set is intended for:

z Network planners

z Field technical support and servicing engineers

z Network administrators working with the S5800 and S5820X series

Document Organization

The Network Management and Monitoring Configuration Guide comprises these parts:

System Maintenance and

Debugging

NQA Configuration NTP Configuration IPC Configuration

PoE Configuration SNMP Configuration MIB Configuration RMON Configuration

Cluster Management

Configuration

Sampler Configuration

Port Mirroring

Configuration

Traffic Mirroring

Configuration

NetStream Configuration

IPv6 NetStream

Configuration

sFlow Configuration

Information Center

Configuration

Conventions

This section describes the conventions used in this documentation set.

Command conventions

Convention Description

Boldface Bold text represents commands and keywords that you enter literally as shown.

italic

Italic text represents arguments that you replace with actual values.

[ ]

Square brackets enclose syntax choices (keywords or arguments) that are

optional.

{ x | y | ... }

Braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by vertical bars,

from which you select one.

[ x | y | ... ]

Square brackets enclose a set of optional syntax choices separated by vertical

bars, from which you select one or none.

{ x | y | ... } *

Asterisk marked braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by

vertical bars, from which you select at least one.

[ x | y | ... ] *

Asterisk marked square brackets enclose optional syntax choices separated by

vertical bars, from which you may select multiple choices or none.

&<1-n>

The argument or keyword and argument combination before the ampersand (&)

sign can be entered 1 to n times.

# A line that starts with a pound (#) sign is comments.

Symbols

Convention Description

Means reader be extremely careful. Improper operation may cause bodily

injury.

Means reader be careful. Improper operation may cause data loss or damage to

equipment.

Means a complementary description.

About the H3C S5800&S5820X Documentation Set

The H3C S5800&S5820X documentation set also includes:

Category Documents Purposes

Marketing brochures Describe product specifications and benefits.

Product description and

specifications

Technology white papers

Provide an in-depth description of software features

and technologies.

PSR150-A [ PSR150-D ]

Power Modules User

Manual

Describes the appearances, features, specifications,

installation, and removal of the pluggable 150W power

modules available for the products.

Pluggable module

description

PSR300-12A

[ PSR300-12D1 ] Power

Modules User Manual

Describes the appearances, features, specifications,

installation, and removal of the pluggable 300W power

modules available for the products.

Category Documents Purposes

PSR750-A [ PSR750-D ]

Power Modules User

Manual

Describes the appearances, features, specifications,

installation, and removal of the pluggable 750W power

modules available for the products.

RPS User Manual

Describes the appearances, features, and

specifications of the RPS units available for the

products.

LSW1FAN and

LSW1BFAN Installation

Manual

Describes the appearances, specifications,

installation, and removal of the pluggable fan modules

available for the products.

LSW148POEM Module

User Manual

Describes the appearance, features, installation, and

removal of the pluggable PoE module available for the

products.

S5820X [ S5800 ] Series

Ethernet Switches

Interface Cards User

Manual

Describes the models, hardware specifications,

installation, and removal of the interface cards

available for the products.

H3C OAP Cards User

Manual

Describes the benefits, features, hardware

specifications, installation, and removal of the OAP

cards available for the products.

H3C Low End Series

Ethernet Switches

Pluggable Modules

Manual

Describes the models, appearances, and

specifications of the pluggable modules available for

the products.

S5800-60C-PWR

Ethernet Switch Hot

Swappable Power

Module Ordering Guide

Guides you through ordering the hot-swappable power

modules available for the S5800-60C-PWR switches

in different cases.

Power configuration

RPS Ordering

Information for H3C

Low-End Ethernet

Switches

Provides the RPS and switch compatibility matrix and

RPS cable specifications.

z S5800 Series

Ethernet Switches

Quick Start

z S5820X Series

Ethernet Switches

Quick Start

z S5800 Series

Ethernet Switches

CE DOC

z S5820X Series

Ethernet Switches

CE DOC

Provides regulatory information and the safety

instructions that must be followed during installation.

Hardware installation

z S5800 Series

Ethernet Switches

Quick Start

z S5820X Series

Ethernet Switches

Quick Start

Guides you through initial installation and setup

procedures to help you quickly set up and use your

device with the minimum configuration.

Category Documents Purposes

z S5800 Series

Ethernet Switches

Installation Manual

z S5820X Series

Ethernet Switches

Installation Manual

Provides a complete guide to hardware installation

and hardware specifications.

Pluggable

SFP[SFP+][XFP]

Transceiver Modules

Installation Guide

Guides you through installing SFP/SFP+/XFP

transceiver modules.

z S5800-60C-PWR

Switch Video

Installation Guide

z S5820X-28C Switch

Video Installation

Guide

Shows how to install the H3C S5800-60C-PWR and

H3C S5820X-28C Ethernet switches.

Configuration guide

Describe software features and configuration

procedures.

Software configuration

Command reference Provide a quick reference to all available commands.

H3C Series Ethernet

Switches Login

Password Recovery

Manual

Tells how to find the lost password or recover the

password when the login password is lost.

Operations and

maintenance

Release notes

Provide information about the product release,

including the version history, hardware and software

compatibility matrix, version upgrade information,

technical support information, and software upgrading.

Obtaining Documentation

You can access the most up-to-date H3C product documentation on the World Wide Web at

http://www.h3c.com.

Click the links on the top navigation bar to obtain different categories of product documentation:

[Technical Support & Documents > Technical Documents] – Provides hardware installation, software

upgrading, and software feature configuration and maintenance documentation.

[Products & Solutions] – Provides information about products and technologies, as well as solutions.

[Technical Support & Documents > Software Download] – Provides the documentation released with

the software version.

Documentation Feedback

You can e-mail your comments about product documentation to [email protected].

We appreciate your comments.

i

Table of Contents

1 System Maintenance and Debugging···································································································1-1

Ping······················································································································································1-1

Introduction···································································································································1-1

Configuring Ping···························································································································1-1

Ping Configuration Example·········································································································1-2

Tracert ·················································································································································1-4

Introduction···································································································································1-4

Configuring Tracert·······················································································································1-4

System Debugging·······························································································································1-5

Introduction to System Debugging·······························································································1-5

Configuring System Debugging····································································································1-6

Ping and Tracert Configuration Example·····························································································1-7

2 NQA Configuration·································································································································2-1

NQA Overview·····································································································································2-1

Introduction to NQA······················································································································2-1

Features of NQA ··························································································································2-1

Basic Concepts of NQA················································································································2-3

NQA Test Operation·····················································································································2-3

NQA Configuration Task List ···············································································································2-4

Configuring the NQA Server················································································································2-5

Enabling the NQA Client······················································································································2-5

Creating an NQA Test Group ··············································································································2-5

Configuring an NQA Test Group··········································································································2-6

Configuring an ICMP Echo Test···································································································2-6

Configuring a DHCP Test·············································································································2-7

Configuring a DNS Test ···············································································································2-8

Configuring an FTP Test ··············································································································2-9

Configuring an HTTP Test··········································································································2-11

Configuring a UDP Jitter Test·····································································································2-12

Configuring an SNMP Test·········································································································2-14

Configuring a TCP Test··············································································································2-15

Configuring a UDP Echo Test····································································································2-16

Configuring a DLSw Test ···········································································································2-18

Configuring the Collaboration Function ·····························································································2-19

Configuring Trap Delivery··················································································································2-20

Configuring the NQA Statistics Function ···························································································2-20

Configuring the History Records Saving Function·············································································2-21

Configuring Optional Parameters Common to an NQA Test Group··················································2-22

Scheduling an NQA Test Group ········································································································2-23

Displaying and Maintaining NQA·······································································································2-24

NQA Configuration Examples············································································································2-25

ii

ICMP Echo Test Configuration Example····················································································2-25

DHCP Test Configuration Example····························································································2-26

DNS Test Configuration Example ······························································································2-27

FTP Test Configuration Example ·······························································································2-28

HTTP Test Configuration Example·····························································································2-29

UDP Jitter Test Configuration Example······················································································2-30

SNMP Test Configuration Example····························································································2-33

TCP Test Configuration Example·······························································································2-34

UDP Echo Test Configuration Example ·····················································································2-35

DLSw Test Configuration Example ····························································································2-36

NQA Collaboration Configuration Example················································································2-37

3 NTP Configuration··································································································································3-1

NTP Overview······································································································································3-1

Applications of NTP······················································································································3-1

How NTP Works···························································································································3-2

NTP Message Format ··················································································································3-3

Operation Modes of NTP··············································································································3-5

NTP Configuration Task List················································································································3-7

Configuring the Operation Modes of NTP····························································································3-8

Configuring NTP Client/Server Mode···························································································3-8

Configuring the NTP Symmetric Peers Mode ··············································································3-9

Configuring NTP Broadcast Mode······························································································3-10

Configuring NTP Multicast Mode································································································3-11

Configuring Optional Parameters of NTP··························································································3-12

Specifying the Source Interface for NTP Messages···································································3-12

Disabling an Interface from Receiving NTP Messages······························································3-13

Configuring the Maximum Number of Dynamic Sessions Allowed ············································3-13

Configuring Access-Control Rights····································································································3-14

Configuration Prerequisites········································································································3-14

Configuration Procedure ············································································································3-14

Configuring NTP Authentication ········································································································3-15

Configuration Prerequisites········································································································3-15

Configuration Procedure ············································································································3-15

Displaying and Maintaining NTP········································································································3-17

NTP Configuration Examples ············································································································3-18

Configuring NTP Client/Server Mode·························································································3-18

Configuring the NTP Symmetric Mode·······················································································3-19

Configuring NTP Broadcast Mode······························································································3-20

Configuring NTP Multicast Mode································································································3-22

Configuring NTP Client/Server Mode with Authentication··························································3-25

Configuring NTP Broadcast Mode with Authentication ······························································3-26

4 IPC Configuration···································································································································4-1

IPC Overview·······································································································································4-1

Introduction to IPC························································································································4-1

Enabling IPC Performance Statistics Collection··················································································4-2

iii

Displaying and Maintaining IPC···········································································································4-3

5 PoE Configuration··································································································································5-1

PoE Overview······································································································································5-1

Introduction to PoE·······················································································································5-1

Protocol Specification···················································································································5-2

PoE Configuration Task List················································································································5-2

Enabling PoE·······································································································································5-4

Enabling PoE for a PoE Interface·································································································5-4

Detecting PDs······································································································································5-5

Enabling the PSE to Detect Non-Standard PDs···········································································5-5

Configuring a PD Disconnection Detection Mode········································································5-5

Configuring the Maximum PoE Interface Power··················································································5-6

Configuring PoE Power Management··································································································5-6

Configuring PoE Interface Power Management···········································································5-6

Configuring the PoE Monitoring Function····························································································5-8

Configuring PSE Power Monitoring······························································································5-8

Monitoring PD·······························································································································5-8

Configuring PoE Interface Through PoE Profile··················································································5-8

Configuring PoE Profile················································································································5-9

Applying PoE Profile·····················································································································5-9

Upgrading PSE Processing Software in Service ···············································································5-10

Displaying and Maintaining PoE········································································································5-11

PoE Configuration Example···············································································································5-11

Troubleshooting PoE ·························································································································5-12

6 SNMP Configuration ······························································································································6-1

SNMP Overview···································································································································6-1

SNMP Mechanism························································································································6-1

SNMP Protocol Version················································································································6-2

MIB Overview·······························································································································6-2

SNMP Configuration····························································································································6-3

Configuring SNMP Logging ·················································································································6-6

Introduction to SNMP Logging ·····································································································6-6

Enabling SNMP Logging ··············································································································6-6

Configuring SNMP Trap·······················································································································6-7

Enabling the Trap Function··········································································································6-7

Configuring Trap Parameters·······································································································6-8

Displaying and Maintaining SNMP ····································································································6-10

SNMPv1/SNMPv2c Configuration Example ······················································································6-11

SNMPv3 Configuration Example ·······································································································6-12

SNMP Logging Configuration Example ·····························································································6-13

7 MIB Style Configuration·························································································································7-1

Setting the MIB Style ···························································································································7-1

Displaying and Maintaining MIB ··········································································································7-1

iv

8 RMON Configuration······························································································································8-1

RMON Overview··································································································································8-1

Introduction···································································································································8-1

Working Mechanism·····················································································································8-1

RMON Groups······························································································································8-2

Configuring the RMON Statistics Collection························································································8-3

Configuring RMON Ethernet Statistics Collection········································································8-4

Configuring RMON History Statistics Collection···········································································8-4

Configuring the RMON Alarm Function ·······························································································8-5

Configuration Prerequisites··········································································································8-5

Configuration Procedure ··············································································································8-5

Displaying and Maintaining RMON······································································································8-7

Ethernet Statistics Group Configuration Example ···············································································8-7

History Group Configuration Example ·································································································8-8

Alarm Group Configuration Example·································································································8-10

9 Cluster Management Configuration ·····································································································9-1

Cluster Management Overview ···········································································································9-1

What is Cluster Management·······································································································9-1

Roles in a Cluster·························································································································9-1

How a Cluster Works····················································································································9-2

Cluster Configuration Task List············································································································9-6

Configuring the Management Device ··································································································9-7

Enabling NDP Globally and for Specific Ports··············································································9-7

Configuring NDP Parameters·······································································································9-8

Enabling NTDP Globally and for Specific Ports ···········································································9-9

Configuring NTDP Parameters·····································································································9-9

Manually Collecting Topology Information ·················································································9-10

Enabling the Cluster Function····································································································9-10

Establishing a Cluster·················································································································9-11

Enabling Management VLAN Auto-Negotiation ·········································································9-12

Configuring Communication Between the Management Device and the Member Devices·······9-12

Configuring Cluster Management Protocol Packets···································································9-13

Cluster Member Management····································································································9-13

Configuring the Member Devices ······································································································9-14

Enabling NDP·····························································································································9-14

Enabling NTDP···························································································································9-14

Manually Collecting Topology Information ·················································································9-14

Enabling the Cluster Function····································································································9-15

Deleting a Member Device from a Cluster ·················································································9-15

Configuring Access Between the Management Device and Member Devices··································9-15

Adding a Candidate Device to a Cluster····························································································9-16

Configuring Advanced Cluster Functions ··························································································9-16

Configuring Topology Management ···························································································9-16

Configuring Interaction for a Cluster ··························································································9-17

SNMP Configuration Synchronization························································································9-19

v

Configuring Web User Accounts in Batches ··············································································9-20

Displaying and Maintaining Cluster Management ·············································································9-20

Cluster Management Configuration Example····················································································9-21

10 Sampler Configuration·······················································································································10-1

Sampler Overview ·····························································································································10-1

Creating a Sampler····························································································································10-1

Displaying and Maintaining Sampler ·································································································10-2

Sampler Configuration Examples ······································································································10-2

Using the Sampler with NetStream····························································································10-2

11 Port Mirroring Configuration·············································································································11-1

Introduction to Port Mirroring·············································································································11-1

Classification of Port Mirroring ···································································································11-1

Implementing Port Mirroring·······································································································11-2

Configuring Local Port Mirroring········································································································11-4

Local Port Mirroring Configuration Task List··············································································11-4

Creating a Local Mirroring Group·······························································································11-5

Configuring Mirroring Ports for the Local Mirroring Group ·························································11-5

Configuring Mirroring CPUs for the Local Mirroring Group ························································11-6

Configuring the Monitor Port for the Local Mirroring Group ·······················································11-7

Configuring Layer 2 Remote Port Mirroring·······················································································11-8

Layer 2 Remote Port Mirroring Configuration Task List·····························································11-8

Configuration Prerequisites········································································································11-9

Configuring a Remote Source Mirroring Group (on the Source Device)····································11-9

Configuring a Remote Destination Mirroring Group (on the Destination Device)·····················11-12

Configuring Layer 3 Remote Port Mirroring·····················································································11-14

Layer 3 Remote Port Mirroring Configuration Task List···························································11-14

Configuration Prerequisites······································································································11-15

Configuring Local Mirroring Groups ·························································································11-15

Configuring Mirroring Ports for a Local Mirroring Group ··························································11-16

Configuring Mirroring CPUs for a Local Mirroring Group ·························································11-17

Configuring the Monitor Port for a Local Mirroring Group ························································11-17

Displaying and Maintaining Port Mirroring·······················································································11-18

Port Mirroring Configuration Examples····························································································11-18

Local Port Mirroring Configuration Example (in Mirroring Port Mode) ·····································11-18

Layer 2 Remote Port Mirroring Configuration Example····························································11-19

Layer 3 Remote Port Mirroring Configuration Example····························································11-21

12 Traffic Mirroring Configuration·········································································································12-1

Traffic Mirroring Overview··················································································································12-1

Configuring Traffic Mirroring··············································································································12-1

Mirroring Traffic to an Interface··································································································12-1

Mirroring Traffic to the CPU········································································································12-2

Applying a QoS Policy················································································································12-3

Displaying and Maintaining Traffic Mirroring······················································································12-5

Traffic Mirroring Configuration Examples ··························································································12-5

Example for Mirroring Traffic to an Interface··············································································12-5

vi

Configuration Procedure ············································································································12-5

13 NetStream Configuration···················································································································13-1

NetStream Overview··························································································································13-1

Basic Concepts of NetStream············································································································13-2

What Is a Flow····························································································································13-2

How NetStream Works···············································································································13-2

Key Technologies of NetStream········································································································13-3

Flow Aging··································································································································13-3

NetStream Data Export ··············································································································13-3

NetStream Export Formats·········································································································13-5

Introduction to NetStream Sampling and Filtering·············································································13-5

NetStream Sampling ··················································································································13-5

NetStream Filtering ····················································································································13-6

NetStream Configuration Task List····································································································13-6

Enabling NetStream···························································································································13-7

Configuring NetStream Filtering and Sampling ·················································································13-7

Configuring NetStream Filtering·································································································13-7

Configuring NetStream Sampling·······························································································13-9

Configuring NetStream Data Export ································································································13-10

Configuring NetStream Common Data Export ·········································································13-10

Configuring NetStream Aggregation Data Export ····································································13-11

Configuring Attributes of NetStream Export Data············································································13-13

Configuring NetStream Export Format·····················································································13-13

Configuring Refresh Rate for NetStream Version 9 Templates ···············································13-14

Configuring NetStream Flow Aging ·································································································13-15

Flow Aging Approaches ···········································································································13-15

Configuring NetStream Flow Aging··························································································13-16

Displaying and Maintaining NetStream····························································································13-16

NetStream Configuration Examples ································································································13-17

NetStream Common Data Export Configuration Example ·······················································13-17

NetStream Aggregation Data Export Configuration Example ··················································13-17

14 IPv6 NetStream Configuration ··········································································································14-1

IPv6 NetStream Overview ·················································································································14-1

Basic Concepts of IPv6 NetStream ···································································································14-2

What Is an IPv6 Flow ·················································································································14-2

How IPv6 NetStream Works·······································································································14-2

Key Technologies of IPv6 NetStream································································································14-3

Flow Aging··································································································································14-3

IPv6 NetStream Data Export······································································································14-3

IPv6 NetStream Export Formats ································································································14-4

Introduction to IPv6 NetStream Sampling and Filtering·····································································14-4

IPv6 NetStream Sampling··········································································································14-4

IPv6 NetStream Filtering ············································································································14-4

IPv6 NetStream Configuration Task List····························································································14-5

Enabling IPv6 NetStream ··················································································································14-5

vii

Configuring IPv6 NetStream Data Export··························································································14-6

Configuring IPv6 NetStream Common Data Export···································································14-6

Configuring IPv6 NetStream Aggregation Data Export······························································14-7

Configuring Attributes of IPv6 NetStream Data Export······································································14-9

Configuring IPv6 NetStream Export Format···············································································14-9

Configuring Refresh Rate for IPv6 NetStream Version 9 Templates·········································14-9

Displaying and Maintaining IPv6 NetStream ···················································································14-11

IPv6 NetStream Configuration Examples ························································································14-11

IPv6 NetStream Common Data Export Configuration Example···············································14-11

Pv6 NetStream Aggregation Data Export Configuration Example···········································14-12

15 sFlow Configuration···························································································································15-1

sFlow Overview ·································································································································15-1

Introduction to sFlow··················································································································15-1

Operation of sFlow·····················································································································15-1

Configuring sFlow······························································································································15-2

Displaying and Maintaining sFlow ·····································································································15-3

sFlow Configuration Example············································································································15-3

Troubleshooting sFlow Configuration································································································15-4

The Remote sFlow Collector Cannot Receive sFlow Packets ···················································15-4

16 Information Center Configuration·····································································································16-1

Information Center Overview·············································································································16-1

Introduction to Information Center······························································································16-1

Classification of System Information··························································································16-2

Eight Levels of System Information····························································································16-2

Eight Output Destinations and Ten Channels of System Information········································16-3

Outputting System Information by Source Module·····································································16-4

Default Output Rules of System Information··············································································16-4

System Information Format········································································································16-5

Configuring Information Center··········································································································16-7

Information Center Configuration Task List················································································16-7

Outputting System Information to the Console···········································································16-8

Outputting System Information to a Monitor Terminal································································16-9

Outputting System Information to a Log Host ··········································································16-10

Outputting System Information to the Trap Buffer····································································16-11

Outputting System Information to the Log Buffer·····································································16-12

Outputting System Information to the SNMP Module·······························································16-13

Outputting System Information to the Web Interface ·······························································16-15

Saving System Information to a Log File··················································································16-16

Configuring Synchronous Information Output··········································································16-17

Disabling a Port from Generating Link Up/Down Logging Information·····································16-17

Displaying and Maintaining Information Center···············································································16-18

Information Center Configuration Examples····················································································16-19

Outputting Log Information to a Unix Log Host········································································16-19

Outputting Log Information to a Linux Log Host·······································································16-21

Outputting Log Information to the Console···············································································16-22

viii

17 Index····················································································································································17-1

1-1

1 System Maintenance and Debugging

This chapter includes these sections:

z Ping

z Tracert

z System Debugging

z Ping and Tracert Configuration Example

You can use the ping command and the tracert command to verify the current network connectivity,

and use the debug command to enable debugging and thus to diagnose system faults based on the

debugging information.

Ping

Introduction

The ping command allows you to verify whether a device with a specified address is reachable, and

to examine network connectivity.

The ping function is implemented through the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP):

1) The source device sends an ICMP echo request to the destination device.

2) The source device determines whether the destination is reachable based on whether it

receives an ICMP echo reply; if the destination is reachable, the source device determines the

link quality based on the numbers of ICMP echo requests sent and replies received, determines

the distance between the source and destination based on the round trip time of ping packets.

Configuring Ping

Follow the step below to configure the ping function:

To do… Use the command… Remarks

ping

[

ip

] [ -

a

source-ip |

-c

count |

-f

| -

h

ttl | -

i

interface-type interface-number |

-m

interval |

-n

|

-p

pad |

-q

|

-r

|

-s

packet-size |

-t

timeout |

-tos

tos |

-v

|

-vpn-instance

vpn-instance-name ] * host

Check whether a specified

address in an IP network is

reachable

ping ipv6

[

-a

source-ipv6 |

-c

count |

-m

interval |

-s

packet-size |

-t

timeout ] * host

[

-i

interface-type interface-number ]

Required

Use either approach

The

ping

command is

applicable in an IPv4 network;

the

ping ipv6

command is

applicable in an IPv6 network.

Available in any view

1-2

z For a low-speed network, you are recommended to set a larger value for the timeout timer

(indicated by the -t parameter in the command) when configuring the ping command.

z Only the directly connected segment address can be pinged if the outgoing interface is

specified with the -i argument

Ping Configuration Example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 1-1, check whether Device A and Device C can reach each other. If they can

reach each other, get the detailed information of routes from Device A to Device C.

Figure 1-1 Ping network diagram

Configuration procedure

# Use the ping command to display whether Device A and Device C can reach each other.

<DeviceA> ping 1.1.2.2

PING 1.1.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=205 ms

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=1 ms

--- 1.1.2.2 ping statistics ---

5 packet(s) transmitted

5 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 1/41/205 ms

# Get the detailed information of routes from Device A to Device C.

<DeviceA> ping -r 1.1.2.2

PING 1.1.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=53 ms

Record Route:

1.1.2.1

1-3

1.1.2.2

1.1.1.2

1.1.1.1

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Record Route:

1.1.2.1

1.1.2.2

1.1.1.2

1.1.1.1

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Record Route:

1.1.2.1

1.1.2.2

1.1.1.2

1.1.1.1

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Record Route:

1.1.2.1

1.1.2.2

1.1.1.2

1.1.1.1

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Record Route:

1.1.2.1

1.1.2.2

1.1.1.2

1.1.1.1

--- 1.1.2.2 ping statistics ---

5 packet(s) transmitted

5 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 1/11/53 ms

The principle of ping –r is as shown in Figure 1-1.

1) The source (Device A) sends an ICMP echo request with the RR option being empty to the

destination (Device C).

2) The intermediate device (Device B) adds the IP address (1.1.2.1) of its outbound interface to

the RR option of the ICMP echo request, and forwards the packet.

3) Upon receiving the request, the destination device copies the RR option in the request and

adds the IP address (1.1.2.2) of its outbound interface to the RR option. Then the destination

device sends an ICMP echo reply.

4) The intermediate device adds the IP address (1.1.1.2) of its outbound interface to the RR option

in the ICMP echo reply, and then forwards the reply.

5) Upon receiving the reply, the source device adds the IP address (1.1.1.1) of its inbound

interface to the RR option. Finally, you can get the detailed information of routes from Device A

to Device C: 1.1.1.1 <-> {1.1.1.2; 1.1.2.1} <-> 1.1.2.2.

1-4

Tracert

Introduction

By using the tracert command, you can trace the Layer 3 devices involved in delivering an IP

packet from source to destination to check whether a network is available. This is useful for

identification of failed node(s) in the event of network failure.

Figure 1-2 Tracert diagram

The tracert function is implemented through ICMP, as shown in

Figure 1-2:

1) The source (Device A) sends a packet with a TTL value of 1 to the destination (Device D). The

UDP port of the packet is a port number that will not be used by any application of the

destination.

2) The first hop (Device B) (the Layer 3 device that first receives the packet) responds by sending

a TTL-expired ICMP error message to the source, with its IP address 1.1.1.2 encapsulated. In

this way, the source device can get the address (1.1.1.2) of the first Layer 3 device.

3) The source device sends a packet with a TTL value of 2 to the destination device.

4) The second hop (Device C) responds with a TTL-expired ICMP error message, which gives the

source device the address (1.1.2.2) of the second Layer 3 device.

5) The above process continues until the ultimate destination device is reached. No application of

the destination uses this UDP port. Therefore, the destination replies a port unreachable ICMP

error message with the destination IP address 1.1.3.2.

6) When the source device receives the port unreachable ICMP error message, it knows that the

packet has reached the destination, and it can get the addresses of all the Layer 3 devices

involved to get to the destination device (1.1.1.2, 1.1.2.2, 1.1.3.2).

Configuring Tracert

Configuration prerequisites

z Enable sending of ICMP timeout packets on the intermediate device (the device between the

source and destination devices). If the intermediate device is an H3C device, execute the ip

ttl-expires enable command on the device. For more information about this command, see IP

Performance Optimization Configuration Commands in the Layer 3 - IP Services Command

Reference.

1-5

z Enable sending of ICMP destination unreachable packets on the destination device. If the

destination device is an H3C device, execute the ip unreachables enable command. For more

information about this command, see IP Performance Optimization Configuration Commands in

the Layer 3 - IP Services Command Reference.

Tracert configuration

Follow these steps to configure tracert:

To do… Use the command… Remarks

Enter system view

system-view

—

tracert

[

-a

source-ip |

-f

first-ttl |

-m

max-ttl |

-p

port |

-q

packet-number |

-vpn-instance

vpn-instance-name |

-w

timeout ] * host

Display the routes from source

to destination

tracert ipv6

[

-f

first-ttl |

-m

max-ttl |

-p

port |

-q

packet-number |

-w

timeout ] *

host

Required

Use either approach

The

tracert

command is

applicable in an IPv4 network;

the

tracert ipv6

command is

applicable in an IPv6 network.

Available in any view

System Debugging

Introduction to System Debugging

The device provides various debugging functions. For the majority of protocols and features

supported, the system provides corresponding debugging information to help users diagnose errors.

The following two switches control the display of debugging information:

z Protocol debugging switch, which controls protocol-specific debugging information.

z Screen output switch, which controls whether to display the debugging information on a certain

screen.

As

Figure 1-3 illustrates, assume the device can provide debugging for the three modules 1, 2, and

3. The debugging information can be output on a terminal only when both the protocol debugging

switch and the screen output switch are turned on.

1-6

Figure 1-3 The relationship between the protocol and screen output switch

Debugging

information

Protocol

debugging

switch

Screen output

OFF

ON

OFF

ON

1

3

1 2 3

OFF

ON

1

3

1 2 3

1

3

ON

Debugging

information

switch

Screen output

Protocol

switch

debugging

Configuring System Debugging

Output of the debugging information may reduce system efficiency. Administrators usually use the

debugging commands to diagnose network failure. After completing the debugging, disable the

corresponding debugging function, or use the undo debugging all command to disable all the

debugging functions.

Output of debugging information depends on the configurations of the information center and the

debugging commands of each protocol and functional module. Displaying the debugging

information on a terminal (including console or VTY) is a common way to output debugging

information. You can also output debugging information to other destinations. For more information,

see Information Center Configuration Commands in the Network Management and Monitoring

Command Reference. By default, you can output debugging information to a terminal by following

these steps:

To do… Use the command… Remarks

Enable the terminal monitoring of

system information

terminal monitor

Optional

The terminal monitoring on the

console is enabled by default and

that on the monitoring terminal is

disabled by default.

Available in user view

Enable the terminal display of

debugging information

terminal debugging

Required

Disabled by default

Available in user view

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