Autodesk AutoCAD LT 2012 Operating instructions

AutoCAD LT 2012

User's Guide

February 2011

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reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose.

Certain materials included in this publication are reprinted with the permission of the copyright holder.

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Contents

Get Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 1 Find the Information You Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Access Help and Other Sources of Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Overview of InfoCenter and Autodesk Exchange . . . . . . . . . . 3

Learn the Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

View the Product Readme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Join the Customer Involvement Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Chapter 2 Get Information from Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Obtain General Drawing Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Count Objects Within a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

The User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Chapter 3 Tools in the Application Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

The Application Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Search for Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Access Common Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Browse Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Quick Access Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

iii

The Ribbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Overview of the Ribbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Display and Organize the Ribbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Customize the Ribbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Cursors in the Drawing Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

The ViewCube Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

The UCS Icon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Chapter 4 Other Tool Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Access the Classic Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Status Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Application Status Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Drawing Status Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Keytips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

The Command Line Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Enter Commands on the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Enter System Variables on the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Navigate and Edit Within the Command Window . . . . . . . . . 46

Switch Between Dialog Boxes and the Command Line . . . . . . 49

Dock, Resize, and Hide the Command Window . . . . . . . . . . 50

Shortcut Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Tool Palettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Create and Use Tools from Objects and Images . . . . . . . . . . 58

Create and Use Command Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Change Tool Palette Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Control Tool Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Customize Tool Palettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Organize Tool Palettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Save and Share Tool Palettes and Tool Palette Groups . . . . . . . 77

DesignCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Overview of DesignCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Understand the DesignCenter Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Access Content with DesignCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Add Content with DesignCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Retrieve Content from the Web with DesignCenter Online . . . . 90

Content Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Overview of Content Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Understand the Relationship between Content Explorer and

Content Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Understand the Content Explorer Window . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Understand How Content Is Indexed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Understand Watched Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Manage Content Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Basic Searching with Content Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Advanced Searching with Content Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . 121

iv | Contents

Manage Saved Searches in Content Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Browse Folders with Content Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Filter Results in Content Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Sort and Group Results in Content Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Customize the View in Content Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Perform Tasks with Files in Content Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Perform Tasks with Objects in Content Explorer . . . . . . . . . 132

Streamline Searches with User-Created Properties in Content

Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Troubleshooting Content Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Chapter 5 Customize the Drawing Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Set Interface Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Set Up the Drawing Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Switch Between Model and Named Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Specify Application Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Specify the Behavior of Dockable Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Control the Display of Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Performance Tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Create Task-Based Workspaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Customize Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Migrate Custom Settings and Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Start and Save Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Chapter 6 Start a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Overview of Starting a New Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Specify Units and Unit Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Determine the Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Set the Unit Format Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Use a Drawing Template File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Add Identifying Information to Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Specify the Geographic Location of a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Chapter 7 Open or Save a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Open a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Work with Multiple Open Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Preview Open Drawings and Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Switch Between Open Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Switch Between Layouts in the Current Drawing . . . . . . . . . 215

Transfer Information between Open Drawings . . . . . . . . . . 218

Save a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Find a Drawing File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Contents | v

Specify Search Paths and File Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Chapter 8 Repair, Restore, or Recover Drawing Files . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Repair a Damaged Drawing File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Create and Restore Backup Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Recover from a System Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Control the Drawing Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Chapter 9 Change Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Pan or Zoom a View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Pan and Zoom with SteeringWheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Overview of SteeringWheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

2D Navigation Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Navigation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Save and Restore Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Control the 3D Projection Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Define a Parallel Projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Choose Preset 3D Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Define a 3D View with Coordinate Values or Angles . . . . . . . 257

Change to a View of the XY Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Hide Lines or Shade 3D Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Hide Lines in 3D Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Add Simple Shading to 3D Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Chapter 10 Use Viewing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Navigate with SteeringWheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Overview of SteeringWheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Navigation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Use Navigation Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Available Navigation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Reposition and Reorient the Navigation Bar . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Control the Display of Navigation Tools on the Navigation

Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Use 3Dconnexion 3D mouse to Navigate Views . . . . . . . . . 278

Chapter 11 Display Multiple Views in Model Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Set Model Space Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Select and Use the Current Viewport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Save and Restore Model Layout Viewport Arrangements . . . . . . . . 285

Organize Drawings and Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

vi | Contents

Chapter 12 Create Single-View Drawings (Model Space) . . . . . . . . . . 291

Quick Start for Model Space Drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Draw, Scale, and Annotate in Model Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Chapter 13 Create Multiple-View Drawing Layouts (Paper Space) . . . . . 299

Quick Start for Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Understand the Layout Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Work with Model Space and Paper Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Work in Model Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Work on a Named Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Access Model Space from a Layout Viewport . . . . . . . . . . . 308

Export a Layout to Model Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Create and Modify Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Add Date and Time Stamps to Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Control Views in Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Scale Views in Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

Control Visibility in Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Scale Linetypes in Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Align Views in Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Rotate Views in Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Reuse Layouts and Layout Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Chapter 14 Work with Sheets in a Sheet Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Quick Start for Sheet Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Understand the Sheet Set Manager Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Create and Manage a Sheet Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Create a Sheet Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Organize a Sheet Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Create and Modify Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Include Information with Sheets and Sheet Sets . . . . . . . . . 357

Publish, Transmit, and Archive Sheet Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Use Sheet Sets in a Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Create and Modify Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Chapter 15 Control the Properties of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Work with Object Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Overview of Object Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Display and Change the Properties of Objects . . . . . . . . . . 375

Copy Properties Between Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Work with Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Overview of Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Use Layers to Manage Complexity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Contents | vii

Create and Name Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Change Layer Settings and Layer Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

Override Layer Properties in Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Filter and Sort the List of Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

Reconcile New Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Use New Layer Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

Work with Layer States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Work with Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Set the Current Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Change the Color of an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Use Color Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Work with Linetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Overview of Linetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Load Linetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Set the Current Linetype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Change the Linetype of an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

Control Linetype Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

Display Linetypes on Short Segments and Polylines . . . . . . . 437

Control Lineweights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

Overview of Lineweights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Display Lineweights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Set the Current Lineweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Change the Lineweight of an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

Control the Display Properties of Certain Objects . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Control the Display of Polylines, Hatches, Gradient Fills,

Lineweights, and Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Control the Transparency of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

Control How Overlapping Objects Are Displayed . . . . . . . . . 451

Control the Display of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Chapter 16 Use Precision Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Work with the User Coordinate System (UCS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Overview of the User Coordinate System (UCS) . . . . . . . . . 455

Control the User Coordinate System (UCS) . . . . . . . . . . . . 458

Work with Named UCS Definitions and Preset

Orientations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Control the Display of the User Coordinate System Icon . . . . . 462

Enter Coordinates to Specify Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

Overview of Coordinate Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

Enter 2D Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Enter 3D Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Use Dynamic Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

Snap to Locations on Objects (Object Snaps) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

Use Object Snaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

The Object Snap Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

Set Visual Aids for Object Snaps (AutoSnap) . . . . . . . . . . . 489

viii | Contents

Override Object Snap Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

Restrict Cursor Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

Adjust Grid and Grid Snap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

Use Orthogonal Locking (Ortho Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

Use Polar Tracking and PolarSnap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

Lock an Angle for One Point (Angle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506

Combine or Offset Points and Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506

Combine Coordinate Values (Coordinate Filters) . . . . . . . . . 506

Track to Points on Objects (Object Snap Tracking) . . . . . . . . 509

Track to Offset Point Locations (Tracking) . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

Specify Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

Enter Direct Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

Offset from Temporary Reference Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

Specify Intervals on Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

Extract Geometric Information from Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

Obtain Distances, Angles, and Point Locations . . . . . . . . . . 521

Obtain Area and Mass Properties Information . . . . . . . . . . 523

Use a Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

Use the QuickCalc Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

Use the Command Prompt Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

Chapter 17 Create Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

Draw Linear Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

Draw Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

Draw Polylines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551

Draw Rectangles and Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

Draw Double Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

Draw Freehand Sketches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564

Draw Curved Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

Draw Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

Draw Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570

Draw Polyline Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573

Draw Donuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578

Draw Ellipses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

Draw Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582

Draw Construction and Reference Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588

Draw Reference Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588

Draw Construction Lines (and Rays) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

Create and Combine Areas (Regions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592

Create Revision Clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

Chapter 18 Select and Modify Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

Select Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

Select Objects Individually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

Select Multiple Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

Contents | ix

Prevent Objects from Being Selected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

Select Objects by Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

Customize Object Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

Group Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

Correct Mistakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Erase Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

Cut, Copy, and Paste with the Clipboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

Modify Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634

Choose a Method to Modify Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635

Modify Objects Using Grips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

Move or Rotate Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646

Copy, Array, Offset, or Mirror Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

Change the Size and Shape of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678

Fillet, Chamfer, Break, or Join Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

Disassociate Compound Objects (Explode) . . . . . . . . . . . . 701

Modify Polylines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703

Modify Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708

Chapter 19 Add Constraints to Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713

Overview of Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713

Constrain Objects Geometrically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717

Overview of Geometric Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717

Apply or Remove Geometric Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

Display and Verify Geometric Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . 724

Modify Objects with Geometric Constraints Applied . . . . . . . 727

Constrain Distances and Angles between Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . 730

Overview of Dimensional Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730

Control the Display of Dimensional Constraints . . . . . . . . . 733

Modify Objects with Dimensional Constraints Applied . . . . . 736

Constrain a Design with Formulas and Equations . . . . . . . . . . . 740

Overview of Formulas and Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740

Control Geometry with the Parameters Manager . . . . . . . . . 742

Organize Parameters into Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746

Define and Reference Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749

Chapter 20 Work with Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751

Overview of Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751

Insert Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753

Work with Dynamic Blocks in Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758

Overview of Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758

Work With Action Parameters in Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759

Work With Constraint Parameters in Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . 762

Remove Block Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763

x | Contents

Chapter 21 Create and Modify Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765

Define Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765

Create Blocks Within a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765

Create Drawing Files for Use as Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767

Control the Color and Linetype Properties in Blocks . . . . . . . 770

Nest Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772

Create Block Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773

Use Tool Palettes to Organize Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774

Create Construction Geometry Within a Block . . . . . . . . . . 774

Attach Data to Blocks (Block Attributes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775

Overview of Block Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775

Define Block Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778

Extract Block Attribute Data (Advanced) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782

Modify Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788

Modify a Block Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788

Modify the Data in Block Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790

Modify a Block Attribute Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792

Disassemble a Block Reference (Explode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797

Chapter 22 Add Behaviors to Blocks (Dynamic Blocks) . . . . . . . . . . . 799

Overview of Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799

Quick Start to Creating Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800

Create and Edit Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801

Overview of the Block Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802

Create Custom Block Authoring Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804

Test Blocks Within the Block Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807

Modify Dynamic Block Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808

Add Action Parameters to Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810

Overview of Actions and Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810

Add Parameters to Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814

Add Actions to Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815

Specify Properties for Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829

Specify Value Sets for Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834

Specify Distance and Angle Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837

Specify Grips for Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837

Control the Visibility of Objects in a Block . . . . . . . . . . . . 843

Work with 3D Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849

Chapter 23 Create 3D Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851

Create Wireframe Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851

Add 3D Thickness to Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853

Contents | xi

Annotate Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857

Chapter 24 Work with Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859

Overview of Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859

Scale Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860

Overview of Scaling Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861

Set Annotation Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863

Create Annotative Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865

Display Annotative Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887

Add and Modify Scale Representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889

Set Orientation for Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892

Chapter 25 Hatches, Fills, and Wipeouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895

Overview of Hatch Patterns and Fills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895

Specify Hatch and Fill Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903

Control the Appearance of Hatches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908

Choose a Hatch Pattern or Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908

Control the Hatch Origin Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914

Control the Scale of Hatch Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917

Set Property Overrides for Hatches and Fills . . . . . . . . . . . 919

Control the Display of Hatch Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922

Control the Draw Order of Hatches and Fills . . . . . . . . . . . 925

Modify Hatches and Fills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925

Modify Hatch Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925

Modify Hatch Alignment, Scale, and Rotation . . . . . . . . . . 927

Reshape a Hatch or Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928

Re-create the Boundary of a Hatch or Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930

Create a Blank Area to Cover Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931

Chapter 26 Notes and Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935

Overview of Notes and Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935

Create Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938

Overview of Creating Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938

Create Single-Line Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942

Create Multiline Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946

Create and Edit Columns in Multiline Text . . . . . . . . . . . . 970

Import Text from External Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974

Create Leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975

Overview of Leader Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975

Create and Modify Leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977

Modify Leaders Using Grips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985

Work with Leader Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987

Add Content to a Leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990

Use Fields in Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994

xii | Contents

Insert Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994

Update Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999

Use Hyperlinks in Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1001

Work with Text Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003

Overview of Text Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003

Assign Text Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1006

Set Text Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014

Set Text Obliquing Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015

Set Horizontal or Vertical Text Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . 1016

Change Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018

Overview of Changing Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018

Change Single-Line Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019

Change Multiline Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021

Find and Replace Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023

Change Text Scale and Justification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026

Check Spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028

Use an Alternate Text Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1032

Overview of Using an Alternate Text Editor . . . . . . . . . . . 1032

Format Multiline Text in an Alternate Text Editor . . . . . . . . 1033

Chapter 27 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1037

Create and Modify Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1037

Link a Table to External Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1041

Work with Table Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044

Add Text and Blocks to Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1047

Use Formulas in Table Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1052

Chapter 28 Dimensions and Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057

Understand Basic Concepts of Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057

Overview of Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057

Parts of a Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1060

Associative Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061

Use Dimension Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064

Overview of Dimension Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064

Compare Dimension Styles and Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . 1065

Control Dimension Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067

Control Dimension Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076

Control Dimension Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088

Set the Scale for Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101

Create Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104

Create Linear Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104

Create Radial Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112

Create Angular Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1120

Create Ordinate Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122

Create Arc Length Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125

Contents | xiii

Modify Existing Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1126

Modify A Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1126

Apply a New Dimension Style to Existing Dimensions . . . . . 1150

Override a Dimension Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1151

Add Geometric Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1154

Overview of Geometric Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1154

Material Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1156

Datum Reference Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157

Projected Tolerance Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1158

Composite Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1158

Plot and Publish Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1161

Chapter 29 Specify Settings for Plotting and Publishing . . . . . . . . . . 1163

Save Plot Settings as Named Page Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1163

Reuse Named Page Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1166

Specify Page Setup Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169

Select a Printer or Plotter for a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1170

Select a Paper Size for a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171

Determine the Drawing Orientation of a Layout . . . . . . . . 1176

Set the Plot Area of a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177

Adjust the Plot Offset of a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1178

Set the Plot Scale for a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1180

Set the Lineweight Scale for a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1182

Select a Plot Style Table for a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183

Set Shaded Viewport and Plot Options for a Layout . . . . . . . 1185

Other Ways to Create Page Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1187

Use the Layout Wizard to Specify Page Setups . . . . . . . . . . 1187

Import PCP or PC2 Settings into a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . 1188

Chapter 30 Print or Plot Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191

Overview of Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191

Use a Page Setup to Specify Plot Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1196

Select a Printer or Plotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198

Specify the Area to Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1199

Set Paper Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200

Position the Drawing on the Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203

Specify the Printable Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203

Set the Position of the Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1204

Set Drawing Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205

Control How Objects Are Plotted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206

Set Plot Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206

Set Options for Plotted Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1209

Use Plot Styles to Control Plotted Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . 1213

xiv | Contents

Use Color-Dependent Plot Style Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1221

Use Named Plot Style Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1223

Change Plot Style Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1230

Preview a Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1241

Plot Files to Other Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1242

Plot DWF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1242

Plot DWFx Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1243

Plot to DXB File Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1245

Plot to Raster File Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1246

Plot Adobe PDF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1248

Plot Adobe PostScript Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1249

Create Plot Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1251

Chapter 31 Publish Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255

Overview of Publishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255

Create and Modify a Drawing Set for Publishing . . . . . . . . . . . 1258

Create a Paper or Plot File Drawing Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1261

Publish an Electronic Drawing Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1262

Republish a Drawing Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1267

View Electronic Drawing Sets with Autodesk Design Review . . . . . 1268

Set Publish Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1270

Share Data Between Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1277

Chapter 32 Reference Other Drawing Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1279

Overview of Referenced Drawings (Xrefs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1279

Attach and Detach Referenced Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1281

Attach Drawing References (Xrefs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1282

Nest and Overlay Referenced Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1287

Set Paths to Referenced Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1289

Detach Referenced Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1291

Update and Archive Referenced Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1292

Update Referenced Drawing Attachments . . . . . . . . . . . . 1292

Archive Drawings That Contain Referenced Drawings

(Bind) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1295

Clip External References and Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1297

Edit Referenced Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1301

Edit a Referenced Drawing in a Separate Window . . . . . . . . 1301

Edit Selected Objects in Referenced Drawings and Blocks . . . . 1303

Use the Working Set to Edit Referenced Drawings and

Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1306

Save Back Edited Referenced Drawings and Blocks . . . . . . . 1308

Edit Referenced Drawings and Blocks with Nesting, OLE, or

Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1310

Contents | xv

Resolve Referenced Drawing Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1311

Resolve Missing External References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1311

Resolve Circular External References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1313

Resolve Name Conflicts in External References . . . . . . . . . 1313

Track External Reference Operations (Log File) . . . . . . . . . 1315

Increase Performance with Large Referenced Drawings . . . . . . . . 1319

Overview of Demand Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1319

Unload Xrefs in Large Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1320

Work with Demand Loading in Large Drawings . . . . . . . . . 1320

Work with Layer and Spatial Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1322

Set Paths for Temporary Xref File Copies . . . . . . . . . . . . 1323

Chapter 33 Link and Embed Data (OLE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325

Overview of Object Linking and Embedding . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325

Import OLE Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1328

Overview of Importing OLE Objects into Drawings . . . . . . . 1328

Link OLE Objects in Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1329

Embed OLE Objects in Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1332

Export OLE Objects from Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1335

Edit OLE Objects in Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1337

Chapter 34 Work with Data in Other Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1341

Convert Drawing File Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1341

Understand the Effect of Format Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . 1343

Save Conversion Settings for Later Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1348

Save Lists of Files for Batch Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1350

Import Other File Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1351

Convert DXF Files to DWG Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1351

Import MicroStation DGN Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1352

Insert WMF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1358

Attach Files as Underlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1360

Overview of Underlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1360

Attach, Scale, and Detach Underlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1361

Work with Underlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1371

Manage and Publish Drawings Containing Underlays . . . . . 1385

Attach Raster Image Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1392

Overview of Raster Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1392

Attach, Scale, and Detach Raster Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1395

Modify Raster Images and Image Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . 1399

Manage Raster Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1405

Tune Raster Image Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1411

Export Drawings to Other File Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1414

Export DWF and DWFx Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1414

Export PDF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1416

Export DXF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1417

xvi | Contents

Export MicroStation DGN Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1418

Export WMF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1421

Export Raster Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1422

Use Drawings from Different Versions and Applications . . . . . . . 1424

Work with Drawings in Earlier Releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1424

Save Drawings to Previous Drawing File Formats . . . . . . . . 1428

Work with AutoCAD Drawings in AutoCAD LT . . . . . . . . . 1431

Work with Custom and Proxy Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1434

Chapter 35 Access External Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1437

Manage Files with Autodesk Vault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1437

Collaborate with Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1439

Chapter 36 Protect and Sign Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1441

Drawing Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1441

Overview of Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1441

View Password-Protected Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1442

Sign Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1444

Overview of Digital Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1444

Personally Sign Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1446

View Drawings with Digital Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1453

Chapter 37 Use the Internet for Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1459

Get Started with Internet Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1459

Add Hyperlinks to a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1460

Overview of Using Hyperlinks in a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . 1460

Use a Hyperlink to Access a File or a Web Page . . . . . . . . . 1461

Use a Hyperlink to Create an Email Message . . . . . . . . . . 1465

Use Hyperlinks in Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1466

Use a Hyperlink to Start a New Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1468

Work with Drawing Files over the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1469

Open and Save Drawing Files from the Internet . . . . . . . . . 1469

Share Drawing Files Internationally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1473

Access Buzzsaw for Project Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . 1475

Use AutoCAD WS for Drawing File Collaboration . . . . . . . . 1481

Work with Xrefs over the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1485

Package a Set of Files for Internet Transmission . . . . . . . . . 1486

Review and Markup Files with Design Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1493

Use the Publish to Web Wizard to Create Web Pages . . . . . . . . . 1495

Use Autodesk Seek to Add and Share Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . 1496

Chapter 38 Use Markups for Design Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1499

Contents | xvii

Overview of Using Markups for Design Review . . . . . . . . . . . . 1499

Publish Drawings for Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1500

Insert Markups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1501

View Markups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1501

Respond to Markups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1506

Republish a Markup Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1508

Render Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1511

Chapter 39 Draw 2D Isometric Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1513

Set Isometric Grid and Snap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1513

Draw Isometric Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1517

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1543

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