Juniper JUNOSe 11.1 Configuration manual

JUNOSe™ Software

for E Series™ Broadband Services Routers

System Basics Configuration Guide

Release 11.1.x

Juniper Networks, Inc.

1194 North Mathilda Avenue

Sunnyvale, California 94089

USA

408-745-2000

www.juniper.net

Published: 2010-03-31

Juniper Networks, the Juniper Networks logo, JUNOS, NetScreen, ScreenOS, and Steel-Belted Radius are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in

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Juniper Networks assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or

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Products made or sold by Juniper Networks or components thereof might be covered by one or more of the following patents that are owned by or licensed

to Juniper Networks: U.S. Patent Nos. 5,473,599, 5,905,725, 5,909,440, 6,192,051, 6,333,650, 6,359,479, 6,406,312, 6,429,706, 6,459,579, 6,493,347,

6,538,518, 6,538,899, 6,552,918, 6,567,902, 6,578,186, and 6,590,785.

JUNOSe™ Software for E Series™ Broadband Services Routers System Basics Configuration Guide

Release 11.1.x

Writing: Mark Barnard, Diane Florio, Bruce Gillham, Sarah Lesway-Ball, Brian Wesley Simmons, Fran Singer, Megha Shaseendran, Krupa Chandrashekar,

Chander Aima, Poornima Goswami, Hema Priya J, Subash Babu Asokan, Sairam Venugopalan

Editing: Benjamin Mann

Illustration: Nathaniel Woodward

Cover Design: Edmonds Design

Revision History

April 2010—FRS JUNOSe 11.1.x

The information in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history.

YEAR 2000 NOTICE

Juniper Networks hardware and software products are Year 2000 compliant. The JUNOS Software has no known time-related limitations through the year

2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036.

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Abbreviated Table of Contents

About the Documentation xxvii

Part 1 Chapters

Chapter 1 Planning Your Network 3

Chapter 2 Command-Line Interface 29

Chapter 3 Installing JUNOSe Software 125

Chapter 4 Configuring SNMP 147

Chapter 5 Managing the System 251

Chapter 6 Managing Modules 355

Chapter 7 Passwords and Security 417

Chapter 8 Writing CLI Macros 473

Chapter 9 Booting the System 509

Chapter 10 Configuring the System Clock 521

Chapter 11 Configuring Virtual Routers 539

Part 2 Reference Material

Appendix A Abbreviations and Acronyms 553

Appendix B References 571

Part 3 Index

Index 595

Abbreviated Table of Contents ■ vii

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JUNOSe 11.1.x System Basics Configuration Guide

Table of Contents

About the Documentation xxvii

E Series and JUNOSe Documentation and Release Notes ...........................xxvii

Audience ....................................................................................................xxvii

E Series and JUNOSe Text and Syntax Conventions ...................................xxvii

Obtaining Documentation ..........................................................................xxix

Documentation Feedback ...........................................................................xxix

Requesting Technical Support .....................................................................xxix

Self-Help Online Tools and Resources ...................................................xxx

Opening a Case with JTAC ....................................................................xxx

Part 1 Chapters

Chapter 1 Planning Your Network 3

Platform Considerations ..................................................................................3

Interface Specifiers ...................................................................................4

Edge Applications Overview ............................................................................4

Private Line Aggregation ...........................................................................4

xDSL Session Termination ........................................................................5

Layered Approach ...........................................................................................6

Line Modules, I/O Modules, and IOAs ..............................................................7

Interfaces ........................................................................................................8

Subinterfaces ............................................................................................8

interface Command ..................................................................................9

General Configuration Tasks ............................................................................9

Configuring Virtual Routers ...........................................................................10

Configuring IPSec ..........................................................................................10

Configuring Physical Layer Interfaces ............................................................10

Line Module Features ..............................................................................11

Configurable HDLC Parameters ..............................................................12

Configuring Channelized T3 Interfaces ...................................................12

Configuring T3 and E3 Interfaces ............................................................13

Configuring OCx/STMx and OC48 Interfaces ..........................................14

Configuring Channelized OCx/STMx Line Interfaces ...............................15

Configuring Ethernet Interfaces ..............................................................16

Configuring IPSec-Service Interfaces .......................................................16

Configuring Tunnel Service Interfaces .....................................................16

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Configuring Data Link-Layer Interfaces ..........................................................17

Configuring IP/Frame Relay ....................................................................17

Configuring IP/ATM .................................................................................19

Configuring IP/PPP ..................................................................................20

Configuring IP/HDLC ...............................................................................22

Configuring IP/Ethernet ..........................................................................22

Configuring IP Tunnels, Shared IP Interfaces, and Subscriber Interfaces .......23

Configuring IP Tunnels ............................................................................23

Configuring Shared Interfaces and Subscriber Interfaces ........................23

Configuring Routing Protocols .......................................................................24

Configuring VRRP ..........................................................................................25

Configuring Routing Policy ............................................................................25

Configuring QoS ............................................................................................25

Configuring Policy Management ....................................................................26

Configuring Remote Access ...........................................................................26

Chapter 2 Command-Line Interface 29

Overview .......................................................................................................29

Command Modes ...................................................................................29

Command-Line Prompts .........................................................................31

Keywords and Parameters ......................................................................31

Keywords .........................................................................................31

Parameters .......................................................................................32

Keywords and Parameters Together .................................................32

Using CLI Commands .............................................................................33

Abbreviated Commands ...................................................................33

The ? Key .........................................................................................33

Backspace or Delete .........................................................................34

Enter ................................................................................................34

Tab ...................................................................................................34

Arrow Keys ......................................................................................34

The no Version .................................................................................35

run and do Commands .....................................................................35

show Commands .............................................................................37

Redirection of show Command Output ............................................40

Regular Expressions .........................................................................41

The - -More- - Prompt .......................................................................43

Responding to Prompts ....................................................................46

CLI Status Indicators ...............................................................................47

Levels of Access ......................................................................................48

User Level ........................................................................................48

Privileged Level ................................................................................48

Initialization Sequence ............................................................................48

Platform Considerations ................................................................................48

Accessing the CLI ..........................................................................................48

Logging In ...............................................................................................48

Privileged-Level Access ...........................................................................49

Defining CLI Levels of Privilege ........................................................49

Accessing the Privileged Exec Level ..................................................50

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JUNOSe 11.1.x System Basics Configuration Guide

Moving from Privileged Exec to User Exec Mode ....................................51

Logging Out ............................................................................................52

CLI Command Privileges ...............................................................................52

CLI Privilege Groups ................................................................................52

Examples Using Privilege Group Membership .........................................53

CLI Command Exceptions .......................................................................57

CLI Keyword Mapping ............................................................................58

Setting Privileges for Ambiguous Commands ..........................................58

Setting Privilege Levels for no or default Versions ...................................59

Setting Privilege Levels for Multiple Commands ......................................59

Setting Privilege Levels for All Commands in a Mode .......................59

Setting Privilege Levels for a Group of Commands ...........................60

Using the Order of Precedence .........................................................60

Superseding Privilege Levels with the all Keyword ...........................61

Removing the all Keyword ...............................................................61

Setting Default Line Privilege ..................................................................61

Viewing CLI Privilege Information ...........................................................62

Viewing the Current User Privilege Level ..........................................62

Viewing Privilege Levels for All Connected Users ..............................63

Viewing Privilege Levels for Changed CLI Commands ......................63

Using Help .....................................................................................................63

? (Question Mark Key) .............................................................................64

help Command .......................................................................................66

Partial-keyword <Tab> .........................................................................66

Using Command-Line Editing ........................................................................67

Basic Editing ...........................................................................................67

Command-Line Editing Keys ...................................................................67

Command History Keys ..........................................................................68

Pagination Keys ......................................................................................69

Accessing Command Modes ..........................................................................69

Exec Modes ............................................................................................86

Password Protection .........................................................................87

Global Configuration Mode .....................................................................88

Executing a Script File ......................................................................88

AAA Profile Configuration Mode .............................................................89

Address Family Configuration Mode .......................................................89

ATM VC Configuration Mode ...................................................................90

ATM VC Class Configuration Mode ..........................................................90

Classifier Group Configuration Mode .......................................................91

Color Mark Profile Configuration Mode ...................................................91

Control Plane Configuration Mode ..........................................................92

Controller Configuration Mode ................................................................92

DHCP Local Pool Configuration Mode .....................................................93

Domain Map Configuration Mode ...........................................................93

Domain Map Tunnel Configuration Mode ...............................................94

DoS Protection Group Configuration Mode .............................................94

Drop Profile Configuration Mode ............................................................95

Explicit Path Configuration Mode ............................................................95

Flow Cache Configuration Mode .............................................................96

Interface Configuration Mode .................................................................96

IP NAT Pool Configuration Mode .............................................................97

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Table of Contents

IP PIM Data MDT Configuration Mode ....................................................97

IP Service Profile Configuration Mode .....................................................98

IPSec CA Identity Configuration Mode ....................................................98

IPSec Identity Configuration Mode ..........................................................98

IPSec IKE Policy Configuration Mode ......................................................99

IPSec Manual Key Configuration Mode ...................................................99

IPSec Peer Public Key Configuration Mode ...........................................100

IPSec Transport Profile Configuration Mode ..........................................100

IPSec Tunnel Profile Configuration Mode ..............................................100

IP Tunnel Destination Profile Mode .......................................................101

IPv6 Local Pool Configuration Mode .....................................................102

L2 Transport Load-Balancing-Circuit Configuration Mode ......................102

L2TP Destination Profile Configuration Mode .......................................103

L2TP Destination Profile Host Configuration Mode ...............................103

L2TP Tunnel Switch Profile Configuration Mode ...................................103

Layer 2 Control Configuration Mode .....................................................104

Layer 2 Control Neighbor Configuration Mode ......................................104

LDP Configuration Mode .......................................................................105

Line Configuration Mode .......................................................................105

Local IPSec Transport Profile Configuration ..........................................106

Local User Configuration Mode .............................................................106

Map Class Configuration Mode ..............................................................107

Map List Configuration Mode ................................................................107

Parent Group Configuration Mode .........................................................107

Policy List Configuration Mode .............................................................108

Policy List Parent Group Configuration Mode ........................................108

Policy Parameter Configuration Mode ...................................................109

PPPoE Service Name Table Configuration Mode ...................................109

Profile Configuration Mode ...................................................................110

QoS Interface Set Configuration Mode ..................................................110

QoS Interface Superset Configuration Mode ..........................................110

QoS Parameter Definition Configuration Mode .....................................111

QoS Profile Configuration Mode ............................................................111

QoS Shared Shaper Control Configuration ............................................112

Queue Profile Configuration Mode ........................................................112

RADIUS Configuration Mode .................................................................113

RADIUS Relay Configuration Mode .......................................................113

Rate Limit Profile Configuration Mode ..................................................114

Redundancy Configuration Mode ..........................................................115

Remote Neighbor Configuration Mode ..................................................115

Route Map Configuration Mode ............................................................116

Router Configuration Mode ...................................................................116

RSVP Configuration Mode .....................................................................117

RTR Configuration Mode .......................................................................117

Scheduler Profile Configuration Mode ...................................................118

Service Session Profile Configuration Mode ..........................................118

SNMP Event Manager Configuration Mode ...........................................119

Statistics Profile Configuration Mode ....................................................119

Subinterface Configuration Mode ..........................................................119

Subscriber Policy Configuration Mode ..................................................120

Traffic Class Configuration Mode ..........................................................120

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JUNOSe 11.1.x System Basics Configuration Guide

Traffic Class Group Configuration Mode ................................................121

Tunnel Group Configuration Mode ........................................................121

Tunnel Group Tunnel Configuration Mode ............................................121

Tunnel Profile Configuration Mode .......................................................122

Tunnel Server Configuration Mode ........................................................122

VRF Configuration Mode .......................................................................123

VR Group Configuration Mode ..............................................................123

Chapter 3 Installing JUNOSe Software 125

Overview .....................................................................................................125

Identifying the Software Release File ....................................................126

Platform Considerations ..............................................................................127

Installing Software When a Firewall Exists ..................................................127

Task 1: Obtain the Required Information ..............................................127

Task 2: Divert Network Traffic to Another Router .................................128

Task 3: Access Privileged Exec Mode ....................................................128

Task 4: Configure IP on an Interface .....................................................128

Task 5: Copy the Release Files to the Network Host ..............................129

Task 6: Configure Access to the Network Host ......................................129

Task 7: Enable the FTP Server on the Router ........................................130

Task 8: Identify the Files to Transfer .....................................................130

Task 9: Transfer Files to the User Space ................................................131

Task 10: Install Files on the System Space ............................................131

Task 11: Save the Current Configuration ...............................................131

Task 12: Reboot the System .................................................................131

Installing Software When a Firewall Does Not Exist ....................................132

Installing Software in Normal Operational Mode ...................................132

Task 1: Obtain the Required Information .......................................133

Task 2: Divert Network Traffic to Another Router ...........................133

Task 3: Access Privileged Exec Mode .............................................133

Task 4: Configure IP on an Interface ..............................................133

Task 5: Configure Access to the Network Host ...............................134

Task 6: Copy the Release Files to the Network Host .......................135

Task 7: Copy the Software Release File to the Router .....................135

Task 8: Save the Current Configuration ..........................................136

Task 9: Reboot the System .............................................................136

Installing Software in Boot Mode ..........................................................137

Task 1: Obtain the Required Information .......................................137

Task 2: Divert Network Traffic to Another System ..........................137

Task 3: Access the Boot Mode ........................................................137

Task 4: Assign an IP Address ..........................................................138

Task 5: Configure Access to the Network Host ...............................138

Task 6: Resetting the SRP Module ..................................................138

Task 7: Copy the Release Files to the Network Host .......................138

Task 8: Copy the Software Release File to the Router .....................139

Task 9: Reboot the System .............................................................139

Copying Release Files from One Router to Another .....................................140

Upgrading Systems That Are Operating with Two SRP Modules ..................140

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Table of Contents

Upgrading from Release 5.1.1 or Lower-Numbered Releases ......................142

Upgrading Software Remotely Through Telnet or FTP ..........................143

Upgrading Software from an NVS Card .................................................143

Upgrading a System That Contains One SRP Module .....................143

Upgrading a System That Contains Two SRP Modules ....................144

Downgrading JUNOSe Software ...................................................................144

Chapter 4 Configuring SNMP 147

Overview .....................................................................................................147

Terminology .........................................................................................148

SNMP Features Supported ....................................................................149

SNMP Client ..........................................................................................149

SNMP Server .........................................................................................150

SNMP MIBs ...........................................................................................150

Standard SNMP MIBs ......................................................................150

Juniper Networks E Series Enterprise MIBs .....................................150

Accessing Supported SNMP MIBs ...................................................150

SNMP Versions .....................................................................................150

Security Features ..................................................................................151

Management Features ..........................................................................152

Virtual Routers ......................................................................................153

Creating SNMP Proxy .....................................................................153

Disabling and Reenabling SNMP Proxy ..........................................154

Communicating with the SNMP Engine ................................................154

SNMP Attributes ....................................................................................155

SNMP Operations ..................................................................................155

SNMP PDU Types ..................................................................................156

Platform Considerations ..............................................................................156

References ..................................................................................................157

Before You Configure SNMP ........................................................................157

SNMP Configuration Tasks ..........................................................................158

Enabling SNMP .....................................................................................159

Configuring SNMP v1/v2c Community ..................................................159

Community Name ..........................................................................159

Privilege Levels ...............................................................................159

IP Access List ..................................................................................160

Configuring SNMPv3 Users ...................................................................160

Configuring SNMP Dynamic Groups and Views .....................................160

Setting Server Parameters .....................................................................161

Configuring SNMP Packet Size ..............................................................162

Configuring Memory Warning ..............................................................162

Configuring Encoding Method ...............................................................162

Managing Interface Sublayers ...............................................................163

Compressing Interfaces ..................................................................163

Controlling Interface Numbering ....................................................165

Monitoring Interface Tables ............................................................166

Configuring Traps ........................................................................................167

IP Hosts ................................................................................................167

Trap Categories .....................................................................................168

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Trap Severity Levels ..............................................................................169

Specifying an Egress Point for SNMP Traps ...........................................174

Configuring Trap Queues ......................................................................174

Configuring Trap Notification Logs ........................................................175

Recovering Lost Traps ...........................................................................176

Configuring the SNMP Server Event Manager ..............................................177

Event MIB Purpose ...............................................................................177

Event MIB Structure ..............................................................................178

Trigger Table ..................................................................................178

Objects Table .................................................................................179

Event Table ....................................................................................179

Configuration Tasks ..............................................................................179

Defining a Boolean Test ..................................................................182

Defining an Existence Test .............................................................182

Defining a Threshold Test ...............................................................183

Monitoring Events .................................................................................189

Collecting Bulk Statistics ..............................................................................195

Interface Strings ....................................................................................196

Understanding Counter Discontinuity ...................................................198

Configuring Collectors and Receivers ....................................................199

Deleting All Bulkstats Configurations ....................................................204

Monitoring Collection Statistics .............................................................204

Understanding Schemas .......................................................................215

If-Stats Schema Objects ..................................................................215

IGMP Schema Objects ....................................................................217

Policy Schema Objects ...................................................................217

QoS Schema Objects ......................................................................218

Configuring Schemas ............................................................................220

Mapping Bulkstats Output to MIB Flies and CLI Configurations for Bulk

Statistics Schema ............................................................................223

Monitoring Schema Statistics ................................................................235

Configuring Interface Numbering Mode ................................................236

Using the Bulk Statistics Formatter ..............................................................237

Setting Remote Filenames ....................................................................237

Guidelines ......................................................................................238

Specifying End of Line Format ..............................................................238

Managing Virtual Routers ............................................................................238

Monitoring SNMP ........................................................................................239

Establishing a Baseline ..........................................................................239

Viewing SNMP Status ............................................................................240

Output Filtering ....................................................................................249

Chapter 5 Managing the System 251

Overview .....................................................................................................252

Platform Considerations ..............................................................................252

Naming the System .....................................................................................252

Configuring the Switch Fabric Bandwidth ....................................................253

Configuring Timing .....................................................................................253

Monitoring Timing ................................................................................255

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Using the CLI ...............................................................................................255

Managing vty Lines .....................................................................................258

Configuring vty Lines ............................................................................259

Monitoring vty Lines .............................................................................260

Clearing Lines ..............................................................................................261

Monitoring the Current Configuration ..........................................................261

Defining the Configuration Output Format ............................................262

Customizing the Configuration Output ..................................................266

Detecting Corrupt File Configurations ...................................................271

Automatically Recovering Corrupt Configuration Files ..........................272

Configuring the System Automatically .........................................................276

Saving the Current Configuration ................................................................277

Using the Desktop Tool for Viewing Uncompressed Text Configuration ......280

Installation Prerequisites for the Desktop Tool ......................................280

Requirements for Microsoft Windows Systems ..............................280

Requirements for Sun Solaris Systems ...........................................280

Requirements for Linux Systems ....................................................281

Usage Notes for the Perl Script ..............................................................281

Customizing the User Interface ...................................................................281

Setting the Console Speed .....................................................................282

Configuring the Display Terminal .........................................................282

Specifying the Character Set .................................................................283

Configuring Login Conditions ................................................................284

Setting Time Limits for User Login ........................................................284

Setting Time Limits for User Input ........................................................285

Configuring CLI Messages .....................................................................285

Monitoring the Console Settings ...........................................................287

Sending Messages .......................................................................................288

Managing Memory ......................................................................................290

Managing Files ............................................................................................290

Managing the User Space from a Network Host ....................................292

File Commands and FTP Servers ..........................................................293

Renaming Files .....................................................................................293

Deleting Files ........................................................................................294

Monitoring Files ....................................................................................296

Viewing Files .........................................................................................299

Transferring Files ........................................................................................300

References ............................................................................................301

Copying and Redirecting Files ...............................................................301

Using the copy Command .....................................................................302

copy Command Examples ....................................................................307

Using TFTP to Transfer Files .................................................................309

Configuring the FTP Server ...................................................................309

Features .........................................................................................309

FTP Passive Mode ..........................................................................309

Configuring Authentication .............................................................310

Configuration Tasks ........................................................................310

Configuration Example ...................................................................310

Monitoring the FTP Server ....................................................................312

Copying Partial Releases .......................................................................313

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Configuring the NFS Client ..........................................................................316

References ............................................................................................316

Prerequisites .........................................................................................316

Configuration Tasks ..............................................................................316

Monitoring the NFS Client .....................................................................317

Using a Loopback Interface .........................................................................318

Using the Telnet Client ................................................................................318

Configuring DNS ..........................................................................................319

References ............................................................................................320

Assigning Name Servers .......................................................................320

Using One Name Resolver for Multiple Virtual Routers .........................322

Monitoring DNS ....................................................................................322

Troubleshooting the System ........................................................................323

Creating Core Dump Files .....................................................................323

Boot Mode ......................................................................................323

Global Configuration Mode .............................................................324

Managing Core Dump Files ...................................................................326

Enabling and Disabling the Core Dump Monitor .............................327

Specifying the Core Dump Monitor Interval ....................................328

Viewing Core Dump Monitor Status ................................................328

Accessing the Core Dump File ..............................................................329

Capturing and Writing Core Dumps ......................................................330

Understanding the Core Dump File .......................................................331

Tracking IP Prefix Reachability .............................................................332

Gathering Information for Customer Support ........................................333

Managing and Monitoring Resources ...........................................................335

Enabling and Disabling the Resource Threshold Monitor ......................335

Viewing Resource Threshold Information .............................................335

Monitoring the System ................................................................................337

Chapter 6 Managing Modules 355

Overview .....................................................................................................355

Platform Considerations ..............................................................................356

ERX7xx Models, ERX14xx Models, and the ERX310 Broadband Services

Router ............................................................................................356

Line Modules and I/O Modules .......................................................356

SRP Modules ..................................................................................356

E120 and E320 Broadband Services Routers ........................................357

Line Modules and IOAs ...................................................................357

SRP Modules and SFMs ..................................................................359

Disabling and Reenabling Line Modules, SRP Modules, and SFMs ...............360

Disabling and Reenabling IOAs ...................................................................362

Removing an SRP Module ...........................................................................363

Replacing Line Modules on ERX Routers, the E120 Router, and the E320

Router ...................................................................................................364

Replacing a Line Module by Erasing the Slot Configuration ...................365

Replacing a Line Module Without Erasing the Slot Configuration ..........366

Replacing IOAs on the E120 Router and the E320 Router ...........................368

Replacing SRP Modules and SFMs .........................................................368

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Software Compatibility ................................................................................372

Line Modules ........................................................................................372

I/O Modules and IOAs ...........................................................................372

Configuring Performance Rate of Line Modules on ERX7xx Models and the

ERX1410 Router ...................................................................................373

Choosing a Combination of Line Modules .............................................373

Slot Groups .....................................................................................373

SRP Modules Bandwidth .................................................................374

Line Modules Bandwidth and Switch Usage ....................................374

Allowed Combinations for Line Rate Performance .........................375

Specifying the Type of Performance .....................................................376

Monitoring Bandwidth Oversubscription ...............................................377

Troubleshooting Bandwidth Oversubscription ......................................378

Managing Flash Cards on SRP Modules .......................................................378

Flash Features .......................................................................................378

Flash Features on the E120 Router and the E320 Router ......................379

Installing and Removing Flash Cards ....................................................380

Synchronizing Flash Cards ....................................................................381

Synchronizing Flash Cards of Different Capacities ..........................383

Disabling Autosynchronization .......................................................383

Validating and Recovering Redundant SRP File Integrity ......................384

Reformatting the Primary Flash Card ....................................................387

Copying the Image on the Primary SRP Module ....................................388

Scanning Flash Cards ............................................................................389

Monitoring Flash Cards .........................................................................391

Updating the Router with JUNOSe Hotfix Files ............................................392

Hotfix Compatibility and Dependency ..................................................393

Removing Hotfixes ...............................................................................394

Hotfixes and Backup Settings ................................................................394

Hotfixes and Standby SRP Modules ......................................................394

Hotfixes and Line Modules ....................................................................394

Monitoring Hotfixes ..............................................................................397

Example: Using and Monitoring Hotfixes .......................................400

Managing the Ethernet Port on the SRP Module ..........................................402

Monitoring Statistics .............................................................................403

Monitoring the Ethernet Configuration for the SRP Module ...................403

Enabling Warm Restart Diagnostics on Modules .........................................404

Enabling Warm Restart Diagnostics ......................................................405

Enabling Diagnostics .............................................................................406

Ignoring Diagnostic Test Failures .................................................................406

Monitoring Modules ....................................................................................408

Chapter 7 Passwords and Security 417

Overview .....................................................................................................417

Platform Considerations ..............................................................................417

Setting Basic Password Parameters .............................................................418

Creating Encrypted Passwords ..............................................................418

Creating Secrets ....................................................................................419

Encrypting Passwords in Configuration File ..........................................419

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Commands and Guidelines ...................................................................419

Setting and Erasing Passwords ....................................................................421

Privilege Levels .....................................................................................421

Accessing Privilege Levels ..............................................................422

Setting Enable Passwords .....................................................................422

Erasing Enable Passwords ....................................................................422

Setting a Console Password ..................................................................424

Erasing the Console Password ..............................................................425

Monitoring Passwords ...........................................................................426

Vty Line Authentication and Authorization ..................................................427

Configuring Simple Authentication .......................................................427

Configuring AAA Authentication and AAA Authorization .......................430

Virtual Terminal Access Lists .......................................................................434

Secure System Administration with SSH .....................................................435

Transport ..............................................................................................436

User Authentication ..............................................................................437

Connection ...........................................................................................437

Key Management ..................................................................................437

User Key Management ...................................................................437

Host Key Management ...................................................................437

Performance .........................................................................................438

Security Concerns .................................................................................438

Before You Configure SSH ....................................................................439

SSH Configuration Tasks .......................................................................439

Configuring Encryption ..................................................................439

Configuring User Authentication .....................................................440

Configuring Message Authentication ..............................................442

Enabling and Disabling SSH ...........................................................443

Displaying SSH Status .....................................................................444

Terminating an SSH Session ...........................................................445

Restricting User Access ...............................................................................446

Restricting Access to Commands with RADIUS .....................................446

Per-User Enable Authentication ............................................................447

Restricting Access to Virtual Routers .....................................................447

VSA Configuration Examples ..........................................................448

Commands Available to Users ........................................................449

Denial of Service (DoS) Protection ...............................................................450

Suspicious Control Flow Detection ........................................................451

Suspicious Control Flow Monitoring ......................................................452

Configurable Options ............................................................................453

Display Options ....................................................................................453

Traps and Logs .....................................................................................453

Suspicious Control Flow Commands .....................................................454

Monitoring Suspicious Control Flow ......................................................456

Denial-of-Service Protection Groups ......................................................461

Group Parameters .................................................................................461

Attaching Groups ..................................................................................462

Protocol Mapping ..................................................................................462

DoS Protection Group Configuration Example ......................................465

DoS Protection Group Commands ........................................................466

Monitoring DoS Protection Groups ........................................................472

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Chapter 8 Writing CLI Macros 473

Platform Considerations ..............................................................................473

Writing Macros ............................................................................................473

Environment Commands ......................................................................475

Capturing Output of Commands ...........................................................476

Adding Regular Expression Matching to Macros ...................................476

Extracting a Substring Based on Regular Expression Matching .............477

Adding Global Variables for Availability to the onError Macro ...............477

Unique IDs for Macros ..........................................................................478

Accurate Use of Error Status When Accessed Ourside of onError

Macro .............................................................................................478

Variables ...............................................................................................479

Literals ..................................................................................................479

Operators ..............................................................................................480

Assignment ....................................................................................482

Increment and Decrement .............................................................482

String Operations ...........................................................................483

Extraction Operations ....................................................................483

Arithmetic Operations ..........................................................................484

Relational Operations .....................................................................484

Logical Operations ..........................................................................484

Miscellaneous Operations ...............................................................485

Conditional Execution ...........................................................................486

If Constructs ...................................................................................486

While Constructs ............................................................................487

Passing Parameters in Macros ..............................................................488

Generating Macro Output ......................................................................489

Invoking Other Macros .........................................................................489

Detecting and Recording Macro Errors ........................................................491

Detectable Macro Errors .......................................................................491

Logging Macro Results ..........................................................................492

Viewing Macro Errors ...........................................................................492

onError Macro Examples ......................................................................493

Detecting Invalid Command Formats .............................................493

Detecting Invalid Commands .........................................................494

Detecting Missing Macros ...............................................................495

Running Macros ..........................................................................................496

Scheduling Macros ......................................................................................499

Practical Examples ......................................................................................502

Configuring Frame Relay ......................................................................502

Configuring ATM Interfaces ..................................................................506

Chapter 9 Booting the System 509

Platform Considerations ..............................................................................509

Configuring Your System for Booting ..........................................................509

Booting the GE-2 Line Module ...............................................................510

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