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Juniper JUNOSe 11.1, SYSTEM BASICS - CONFIGURATION GUIDE V 11.1.X Configuration manual

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JUNOSe™ Software
for E Series™ Broadband Services Routers
System Basics Configuration Guide
Release 11.1.x
Juniper Networks, Inc.
1194 North Mathilda Avenue
Sunnyvale, California 94089
USA
408-745-2000
www.juniper.net
Published: 2010-03-31
Juniper Networks, the Juniper Networks logo, JUNOS, NetScreen, ScreenOS, and Steel-Belted Radius are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in
the United States and other countries. JUNOSe is a trademark of Juniper Networks, Inc. All other trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, or
registered service marks are the property of their respective owners.
Juniper Networks assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or
otherwise revise this publication without notice.
Products made or sold by Juniper Networks or components thereof might be covered by one or more of the following patents that are owned by or licensed
to Juniper Networks: U.S. Patent Nos. 5,473,599, 5,905,725, 5,909,440, 6,192,051, 6,333,650, 6,359,479, 6,406,312, 6,429,706, 6,459,579, 6,493,347,
6,538,518, 6,538,899, 6,552,918, 6,567,902, 6,578,186, and 6,590,785.
JUNOSe™ Software for E Series™ Broadband Services Routers System Basics Configuration Guide
Release 11.1.x
Copyright © 2010, Juniper Networks, Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
Writing: Mark Barnard, Diane Florio, Bruce Gillham, Sarah Lesway-Ball, Brian Wesley Simmons, Fran Singer, Megha Shaseendran, Krupa Chandrashekar,
Chander Aima, Poornima Goswami, Hema Priya J, Subash Babu Asokan, Sairam Venugopalan
Editing: Benjamin Mann
Illustration: Nathaniel Woodward
Cover Design: Edmonds Design
Revision History
April 2010—FRS JUNOSe 11.1.x
The information in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history.
YEAR 2000 NOTICE
Juniper Networks hardware and software products are Year 2000 compliant. The JUNOS Software has no known time-related limitations through the year
2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036.
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Abbreviated Table of Contents
About the Documentation xxvii
Part 1 Chapters
Chapter 1 Planning Your Network 3
Chapter 2 Command-Line Interface 29
Chapter 3 Installing JUNOSe Software 125
Chapter 4 Configuring SNMP 147
Chapter 5 Managing the System 251
Chapter 6 Managing Modules 355
Chapter 7 Passwords and Security 417
Chapter 8 Writing CLI Macros 473
Chapter 9 Booting the System 509
Chapter 10 Configuring the System Clock 521
Chapter 11 Configuring Virtual Routers 539
Part 2 Reference Material
Appendix A Abbreviations and Acronyms 553
Appendix B References 571
Part 3 Index
Index 595
Abbreviated Table of Contents ■ vii
viii ■
JUNOSe 11.1.x System Basics Configuration Guide
Table of Contents
About the Documentation xxvii
E Series and JUNOSe Documentation and Release Notes ...........................xxvii
Audience ....................................................................................................xxvii
E Series and JUNOSe Text and Syntax Conventions ...................................xxvii
Obtaining Documentation ..........................................................................xxix
Documentation Feedback ...........................................................................xxix
Requesting Technical Support .....................................................................xxix
Self-Help Online Tools and Resources ...................................................xxx
Opening a Case with JTAC ....................................................................xxx
Part 1 Chapters
Chapter 1 Planning Your Network 3
Platform Considerations ..................................................................................3
Interface Specifiers ...................................................................................4
Edge Applications Overview ............................................................................4
Private Line Aggregation ...........................................................................4
xDSL Session Termination ........................................................................5
Layered Approach ...........................................................................................6
Line Modules, I/O Modules, and IOAs ..............................................................7
Interfaces ........................................................................................................8
Subinterfaces ............................................................................................8
interface Command ..................................................................................9
General Configuration Tasks ............................................................................9
Configuring Virtual Routers ...........................................................................10
Configuring IPSec ..........................................................................................10
Configuring Physical Layer Interfaces ............................................................10
Line Module Features ..............................................................................11
Configurable HDLC Parameters ..............................................................12
Configuring Channelized T3 Interfaces ...................................................12
Configuring T3 and E3 Interfaces ............................................................13
Configuring OCx/STMx and OC48 Interfaces ..........................................14
Configuring Channelized OCx/STMx Line Interfaces ...............................15
Configuring Ethernet Interfaces ..............................................................16
Configuring IPSec-Service Interfaces .......................................................16
Configuring Tunnel Service Interfaces .....................................................16
Table of Contents ■ ix
Configuring Data Link-Layer Interfaces ..........................................................17
Configuring IP/Frame Relay ....................................................................17
Configuring IP/ATM .................................................................................19
Configuring IP/PPP ..................................................................................20
Configuring IP/HDLC ...............................................................................22
Configuring IP/Ethernet ..........................................................................22
Configuring IP Tunnels, Shared IP Interfaces, and Subscriber Interfaces .......23
Configuring IP Tunnels ............................................................................23
Configuring Shared Interfaces and Subscriber Interfaces ........................23
Configuring Routing Protocols .......................................................................24
Configuring VRRP ..........................................................................................25
Configuring Routing Policy ............................................................................25
Configuring QoS ............................................................................................25
Configuring Policy Management ....................................................................26
Configuring Remote Access ...........................................................................26
Chapter 2 Command-Line Interface 29
Overview .......................................................................................................29
Command Modes ...................................................................................29
Command-Line Prompts .........................................................................31
Keywords and Parameters ......................................................................31
Keywords .........................................................................................31
Parameters .......................................................................................32
Keywords and Parameters Together .................................................32
Using CLI Commands .............................................................................33
Abbreviated Commands ...................................................................33
The ? Key .........................................................................................33
Backspace or Delete .........................................................................34
Enter ................................................................................................34
Tab ...................................................................................................34
Arrow Keys ......................................................................................34
The no Version .................................................................................35
run and do Commands .....................................................................35
show Commands .............................................................................37
Redirection of show Command Output ............................................40
Regular Expressions .........................................................................41
The - -More- - Prompt .......................................................................43
Responding to Prompts ....................................................................46
CLI Status Indicators ...............................................................................47
Levels of Access ......................................................................................48
User Level ........................................................................................48
Privileged Level ................................................................................48
Initialization Sequence ............................................................................48
Platform Considerations ................................................................................48
Accessing the CLI ..........................................................................................48
Logging In ...............................................................................................48
Privileged-Level Access ...........................................................................49
Defining CLI Levels of Privilege ........................................................49
Accessing the Privileged Exec Level ..................................................50
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JUNOSe 11.1.x System Basics Configuration Guide
Moving from Privileged Exec to User Exec Mode ....................................51
Logging Out ............................................................................................52
CLI Command Privileges ...............................................................................52
CLI Privilege Groups ................................................................................52
Examples Using Privilege Group Membership .........................................53
CLI Command Exceptions .......................................................................57
CLI Keyword Mapping ............................................................................58
Setting Privileges for Ambiguous Commands ..........................................58
Setting Privilege Levels for no or default Versions ...................................59
Setting Privilege Levels for Multiple Commands ......................................59
Setting Privilege Levels for All Commands in a Mode .......................59
Setting Privilege Levels for a Group of Commands ...........................60
Using the Order of Precedence .........................................................60
Superseding Privilege Levels with the all Keyword ...........................61
Removing the all Keyword ...............................................................61
Setting Default Line Privilege ..................................................................61
Viewing CLI Privilege Information ...........................................................62
Viewing the Current User Privilege Level ..........................................62
Viewing Privilege Levels for All Connected Users ..............................63
Viewing Privilege Levels for Changed CLI Commands ......................63
Using Help .....................................................................................................63
? (Question Mark Key) .............................................................................64
help Command .......................................................................................66
Partial-keyword <Tab> .........................................................................66
Using Command-Line Editing ........................................................................67
Basic Editing ...........................................................................................67
Command-Line Editing Keys ...................................................................67
Command History Keys ..........................................................................68
Pagination Keys ......................................................................................69
Accessing Command Modes ..........................................................................69
Exec Modes ............................................................................................86
Password Protection .........................................................................87
Global Configuration Mode .....................................................................88
Executing a Script File ......................................................................88
AAA Profile Configuration Mode .............................................................89
Address Family Configuration Mode .......................................................89
ATM VC Configuration Mode ...................................................................90
ATM VC Class Configuration Mode ..........................................................90
Classifier Group Configuration Mode .......................................................91
Color Mark Profile Configuration Mode ...................................................91
Control Plane Configuration Mode ..........................................................92
Controller Configuration Mode ................................................................92
DHCP Local Pool Configuration Mode .....................................................93
Domain Map Configuration Mode ...........................................................93
Domain Map Tunnel Configuration Mode ...............................................94
DoS Protection Group Configuration Mode .............................................94
Drop Profile Configuration Mode ............................................................95
Explicit Path Configuration Mode ............................................................95
Flow Cache Configuration Mode .............................................................96
Interface Configuration Mode .................................................................96
IP NAT Pool Configuration Mode .............................................................97
Table of Contents ■ xi
Table of Contents
IP PIM Data MDT Configuration Mode ....................................................97
IP Service Profile Configuration Mode .....................................................98
IPSec CA Identity Configuration Mode ....................................................98
IPSec Identity Configuration Mode ..........................................................98
IPSec IKE Policy Configuration Mode ......................................................99
IPSec Manual Key Configuration Mode ...................................................99
IPSec Peer Public Key Configuration Mode ...........................................100
IPSec Transport Profile Configuration Mode ..........................................100
IPSec Tunnel Profile Configuration Mode ..............................................100
IP Tunnel Destination Profile Mode .......................................................101
IPv6 Local Pool Configuration Mode .....................................................102
L2 Transport Load-Balancing-Circuit Configuration Mode ......................102
L2TP Destination Profile Configuration Mode .......................................103
L2TP Destination Profile Host Configuration Mode ...............................103
L2TP Tunnel Switch Profile Configuration Mode ...................................103
Layer 2 Control Configuration Mode .....................................................104
Layer 2 Control Neighbor Configuration Mode ......................................104
LDP Configuration Mode .......................................................................105
Line Configuration Mode .......................................................................105
Local IPSec Transport Profile Configuration ..........................................106
Local User Configuration Mode .............................................................106
Map Class Configuration Mode ..............................................................107
Map List Configuration Mode ................................................................107
Parent Group Configuration Mode .........................................................107
Policy List Configuration Mode .............................................................108
Policy List Parent Group Configuration Mode ........................................108
Policy Parameter Configuration Mode ...................................................109
PPPoE Service Name Table Configuration Mode ...................................109
Profile Configuration Mode ...................................................................110
QoS Interface Set Configuration Mode ..................................................110
QoS Interface Superset Configuration Mode ..........................................110
QoS Parameter Definition Configuration Mode .....................................111
QoS Profile Configuration Mode ............................................................111
QoS Shared Shaper Control Configuration ............................................112
Queue Profile Configuration Mode ........................................................112
RADIUS Configuration Mode .................................................................113
RADIUS Relay Configuration Mode .......................................................113
Rate Limit Profile Configuration Mode ..................................................114
Redundancy Configuration Mode ..........................................................115
Remote Neighbor Configuration Mode ..................................................115
Route Map Configuration Mode ............................................................116
Router Configuration Mode ...................................................................116
RSVP Configuration Mode .....................................................................117
RTR Configuration Mode .......................................................................117
Scheduler Profile Configuration Mode ...................................................118
Service Session Profile Configuration Mode ..........................................118
SNMP Event Manager Configuration Mode ...........................................119
Statistics Profile Configuration Mode ....................................................119
Subinterface Configuration Mode ..........................................................119
Subscriber Policy Configuration Mode ..................................................120
Traffic Class Configuration Mode ..........................................................120
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JUNOSe 11.1.x System Basics Configuration Guide
Traffic Class Group Configuration Mode ................................................121
Tunnel Group Configuration Mode ........................................................121
Tunnel Group Tunnel Configuration Mode ............................................121
Tunnel Profile Configuration Mode .......................................................122
Tunnel Server Configuration Mode ........................................................122
VRF Configuration Mode .......................................................................123
VR Group Configuration Mode ..............................................................123
Chapter 3 Installing JUNOSe Software 125
Overview .....................................................................................................125
Identifying the Software Release File ....................................................126
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................127
Installing Software When a Firewall Exists ..................................................127
Task 1: Obtain the Required Information ..............................................127
Task 2: Divert Network Traffic to Another Router .................................128
Task 3: Access Privileged Exec Mode ....................................................128
Task 4: Configure IP on an Interface .....................................................128
Task 5: Copy the Release Files to the Network Host ..............................129
Task 6: Configure Access to the Network Host ......................................129
Task 7: Enable the FTP Server on the Router ........................................130
Task 8: Identify the Files to Transfer .....................................................130
Task 9: Transfer Files to the User Space ................................................131
Task 10: Install Files on the System Space ............................................131
Task 11: Save the Current Configuration ...............................................131
Task 12: Reboot the System .................................................................131
Installing Software When a Firewall Does Not Exist ....................................132
Installing Software in Normal Operational Mode ...................................132
Task 1: Obtain the Required Information .......................................133
Task 2: Divert Network Traffic to Another Router ...........................133
Task 3: Access Privileged Exec Mode .............................................133
Task 4: Configure IP on an Interface ..............................................133
Task 5: Configure Access to the Network Host ...............................134
Task 6: Copy the Release Files to the Network Host .......................135
Task 7: Copy the Software Release File to the Router .....................135
Task 8: Save the Current Configuration ..........................................136
Task 9: Reboot the System .............................................................136
Installing Software in Boot Mode ..........................................................137
Task 1: Obtain the Required Information .......................................137
Task 2: Divert Network Traffic to Another System ..........................137
Task 3: Access the Boot Mode ........................................................137
Task 4: Assign an IP Address ..........................................................138
Task 5: Configure Access to the Network Host ...............................138
Task 6: Resetting the SRP Module ..................................................138
Task 7: Copy the Release Files to the Network Host .......................138
Task 8: Copy the Software Release File to the Router .....................139
Task 9: Reboot the System .............................................................139
Copying Release Files from One Router to Another .....................................140
Upgrading Systems That Are Operating with Two SRP Modules ..................140
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Table of Contents
Upgrading from Release 5.1.1 or Lower-Numbered Releases ......................142
Upgrading Software Remotely Through Telnet or FTP ..........................143
Upgrading Software from an NVS Card .................................................143
Upgrading a System That Contains One SRP Module .....................143
Upgrading a System That Contains Two SRP Modules ....................144
Downgrading JUNOSe Software ...................................................................144
Chapter 4 Configuring SNMP 147
Overview .....................................................................................................147
Terminology .........................................................................................148
SNMP Features Supported ....................................................................149
SNMP Client ..........................................................................................149
SNMP Server .........................................................................................150
SNMP MIBs ...........................................................................................150
Standard SNMP MIBs ......................................................................150
Juniper Networks E Series Enterprise MIBs .....................................150
Accessing Supported SNMP MIBs ...................................................150
SNMP Versions .....................................................................................150
Security Features ..................................................................................151
Management Features ..........................................................................152
Virtual Routers ......................................................................................153
Creating SNMP Proxy .....................................................................153
Disabling and Reenabling SNMP Proxy ..........................................154
Communicating with the SNMP Engine ................................................154
SNMP Attributes ....................................................................................155
SNMP Operations ..................................................................................155
SNMP PDU Types ..................................................................................156
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................156
References ..................................................................................................157
Before You Configure SNMP ........................................................................157
SNMP Configuration Tasks ..........................................................................158
Enabling SNMP .....................................................................................159
Configuring SNMP v1/v2c Community ..................................................159
Community Name ..........................................................................159
Privilege Levels ...............................................................................159
IP Access List ..................................................................................160
Configuring SNMPv3 Users ...................................................................160
Configuring SNMP Dynamic Groups and Views .....................................160
Setting Server Parameters .....................................................................161
Configuring SNMP Packet Size ..............................................................162
Configuring Memory Warning ..............................................................162
Configuring Encoding Method ...............................................................162
Managing Interface Sublayers ...............................................................163
Compressing Interfaces ..................................................................163
Controlling Interface Numbering ....................................................165
Monitoring Interface Tables ............................................................166
Configuring Traps ........................................................................................167
IP Hosts ................................................................................................167
Trap Categories .....................................................................................168
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Trap Severity Levels ..............................................................................169
Specifying an Egress Point for SNMP Traps ...........................................174
Configuring Trap Queues ......................................................................174
Configuring Trap Notification Logs ........................................................175
Recovering Lost Traps ...........................................................................176
Configuring the SNMP Server Event Manager ..............................................177
Event MIB Purpose ...............................................................................177
Event MIB Structure ..............................................................................178
Trigger Table ..................................................................................178
Objects Table .................................................................................179
Event Table ....................................................................................179
Configuration Tasks ..............................................................................179
Defining a Boolean Test ..................................................................182
Defining an Existence Test .............................................................182
Defining a Threshold Test ...............................................................183
Monitoring Events .................................................................................189
Collecting Bulk Statistics ..............................................................................195
Interface Strings ....................................................................................196
Understanding Counter Discontinuity ...................................................198
Configuring Collectors and Receivers ....................................................199
Deleting All Bulkstats Configurations ....................................................204
Monitoring Collection Statistics .............................................................204
Understanding Schemas .......................................................................215
If-Stats Schema Objects ..................................................................215
IGMP Schema Objects ....................................................................217
Policy Schema Objects ...................................................................217
QoS Schema Objects ......................................................................218
Configuring Schemas ............................................................................220
Mapping Bulkstats Output to MIB Flies and CLI Configurations for Bulk
Statistics Schema ............................................................................223
Monitoring Schema Statistics ................................................................235
Configuring Interface Numbering Mode ................................................236
Using the Bulk Statistics Formatter ..............................................................237
Setting Remote Filenames ....................................................................237
Guidelines ......................................................................................238
Specifying End of Line Format ..............................................................238
Managing Virtual Routers ............................................................................238
Monitoring SNMP ........................................................................................239
Establishing a Baseline ..........................................................................239
Viewing SNMP Status ............................................................................240
Output Filtering ....................................................................................249
Chapter 5 Managing the System 251
Overview .....................................................................................................252
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................252
Naming the System .....................................................................................252
Configuring the Switch Fabric Bandwidth ....................................................253
Configuring Timing .....................................................................................253
Monitoring Timing ................................................................................255
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Using the CLI ...............................................................................................255
Managing vty Lines .....................................................................................258
Configuring vty Lines ............................................................................259
Monitoring vty Lines .............................................................................260
Clearing Lines ..............................................................................................261
Monitoring the Current Configuration ..........................................................261
Defining the Configuration Output Format ............................................262
Customizing the Configuration Output ..................................................266
Detecting Corrupt File Configurations ...................................................271
Automatically Recovering Corrupt Configuration Files ..........................272
Configuring the System Automatically .........................................................276
Saving the Current Configuration ................................................................277
Using the Desktop Tool for Viewing Uncompressed Text Configuration ......280
Installation Prerequisites for the Desktop Tool ......................................280
Requirements for Microsoft Windows Systems ..............................280
Requirements for Sun Solaris Systems ...........................................280
Requirements for Linux Systems ....................................................281
Usage Notes for the Perl Script ..............................................................281
Customizing the User Interface ...................................................................281
Setting the Console Speed .....................................................................282
Configuring the Display Terminal .........................................................282
Specifying the Character Set .................................................................283
Configuring Login Conditions ................................................................284
Setting Time Limits for User Login ........................................................284
Setting Time Limits for User Input ........................................................285
Configuring CLI Messages .....................................................................285
Monitoring the Console Settings ...........................................................287
Sending Messages .......................................................................................288
Managing Memory ......................................................................................290
Managing Files ............................................................................................290
Managing the User Space from a Network Host ....................................292
File Commands and FTP Servers ..........................................................293
Renaming Files .....................................................................................293
Deleting Files ........................................................................................294
Monitoring Files ....................................................................................296
Viewing Files .........................................................................................299
Transferring Files ........................................................................................300
References ............................................................................................301
Copying and Redirecting Files ...............................................................301
Using the copy Command .....................................................................302
copy Command Examples ....................................................................307
Using TFTP to Transfer Files .................................................................309
Configuring the FTP Server ...................................................................309
Features .........................................................................................309
FTP Passive Mode ..........................................................................309
Configuring Authentication .............................................................310
Configuration Tasks ........................................................................310
Configuration Example ...................................................................310
Monitoring the FTP Server ....................................................................312
Copying Partial Releases .......................................................................313
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Configuring the NFS Client ..........................................................................316
References ............................................................................................316
Prerequisites .........................................................................................316
Configuration Tasks ..............................................................................316
Monitoring the NFS Client .....................................................................317
Using a Loopback Interface .........................................................................318
Using the Telnet Client ................................................................................318
Configuring DNS ..........................................................................................319
References ............................................................................................320
Assigning Name Servers .......................................................................320
Using One Name Resolver for Multiple Virtual Routers .........................322
Monitoring DNS ....................................................................................322
Troubleshooting the System ........................................................................323
Creating Core Dump Files .....................................................................323
Boot Mode ......................................................................................323
Global Configuration Mode .............................................................324
Managing Core Dump Files ...................................................................326
Enabling and Disabling the Core Dump Monitor .............................327
Specifying the Core Dump Monitor Interval ....................................328
Viewing Core Dump Monitor Status ................................................328
Accessing the Core Dump File ..............................................................329
Capturing and Writing Core Dumps ......................................................330
Understanding the Core Dump File .......................................................331
Tracking IP Prefix Reachability .............................................................332
Gathering Information for Customer Support ........................................333
Managing and Monitoring Resources ...........................................................335
Enabling and Disabling the Resource Threshold Monitor ......................335
Viewing Resource Threshold Information .............................................335
Monitoring the System ................................................................................337
Chapter 6 Managing Modules 355
Overview .....................................................................................................355
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................356
ERX7xx Models, ERX14xx Models, and the ERX310 Broadband Services
Router ............................................................................................356
Line Modules and I/O Modules .......................................................356
SRP Modules ..................................................................................356
E120 and E320 Broadband Services Routers ........................................357
Line Modules and IOAs ...................................................................357
SRP Modules and SFMs ..................................................................359
Disabling and Reenabling Line Modules, SRP Modules, and SFMs ...............360
Disabling and Reenabling IOAs ...................................................................362
Removing an SRP Module ...........................................................................363
Replacing Line Modules on ERX Routers, the E120 Router, and the E320
Router ...................................................................................................364
Replacing a Line Module by Erasing the Slot Configuration ...................365
Replacing a Line Module Without Erasing the Slot Configuration ..........366
Replacing IOAs on the E120 Router and the E320 Router ...........................368
Replacing SRP Modules and SFMs .........................................................368
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Software Compatibility ................................................................................372
Line Modules ........................................................................................372
I/O Modules and IOAs ...........................................................................372
Configuring Performance Rate of Line Modules on ERX7xx Models and the
ERX1410 Router ...................................................................................373
Choosing a Combination of Line Modules .............................................373
Slot Groups .....................................................................................373
SRP Modules Bandwidth .................................................................374
Line Modules Bandwidth and Switch Usage ....................................374
Allowed Combinations for Line Rate Performance .........................375
Specifying the Type of Performance .....................................................376
Monitoring Bandwidth Oversubscription ...............................................377
Troubleshooting Bandwidth Oversubscription ......................................378
Managing Flash Cards on SRP Modules .......................................................378
Flash Features .......................................................................................378
Flash Features on the E120 Router and the E320 Router ......................379
Installing and Removing Flash Cards ....................................................380
Synchronizing Flash Cards ....................................................................381
Synchronizing Flash Cards of Different Capacities ..........................383
Disabling Autosynchronization .......................................................383
Validating and Recovering Redundant SRP File Integrity ......................384
Reformatting the Primary Flash Card ....................................................387
Copying the Image on the Primary SRP Module ....................................388
Scanning Flash Cards ............................................................................389
Monitoring Flash Cards .........................................................................391
Updating the Router with JUNOSe Hotfix Files ............................................392
Hotfix Compatibility and Dependency ..................................................393
Removing Hotfixes ...............................................................................394
Hotfixes and Backup Settings ................................................................394
Hotfixes and Standby SRP Modules ......................................................394
Hotfixes and Line Modules ....................................................................394
Monitoring Hotfixes ..............................................................................397
Example: Using and Monitoring Hotfixes .......................................400
Managing the Ethernet Port on the SRP Module ..........................................402
Monitoring Statistics .............................................................................403
Monitoring the Ethernet Configuration for the SRP Module ...................403
Enabling Warm Restart Diagnostics on Modules .........................................404
Enabling Warm Restart Diagnostics ......................................................405
Enabling Diagnostics .............................................................................406
Ignoring Diagnostic Test Failures .................................................................406
Monitoring Modules ....................................................................................408
Chapter 7 Passwords and Security 417
Overview .....................................................................................................417
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................417
Setting Basic Password Parameters .............................................................418
Creating Encrypted Passwords ..............................................................418
Creating Secrets ....................................................................................419
Encrypting Passwords in Configuration File ..........................................419
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Commands and Guidelines ...................................................................419
Setting and Erasing Passwords ....................................................................421
Privilege Levels .....................................................................................421
Accessing Privilege Levels ..............................................................422
Setting Enable Passwords .....................................................................422
Erasing Enable Passwords ....................................................................422
Setting a Console Password ..................................................................424
Erasing the Console Password ..............................................................425
Monitoring Passwords ...........................................................................426
Vty Line Authentication and Authorization ..................................................427
Configuring Simple Authentication .......................................................427
Configuring AAA Authentication and AAA Authorization .......................430
Virtual Terminal Access Lists .......................................................................434
Secure System Administration with SSH .....................................................435
Transport ..............................................................................................436
User Authentication ..............................................................................437
Connection ...........................................................................................437
Key Management ..................................................................................437
User Key Management ...................................................................437
Host Key Management ...................................................................437
Performance .........................................................................................438
Security Concerns .................................................................................438
Before You Configure SSH ....................................................................439
SSH Configuration Tasks .......................................................................439
Configuring Encryption ..................................................................439
Configuring User Authentication .....................................................440
Configuring Message Authentication ..............................................442
Enabling and Disabling SSH ...........................................................443
Displaying SSH Status .....................................................................444
Terminating an SSH Session ...........................................................445
Restricting User Access ...............................................................................446
Restricting Access to Commands with RADIUS .....................................446
Per-User Enable Authentication ............................................................447
Restricting Access to Virtual Routers .....................................................447
VSA Configuration Examples ..........................................................448
Commands Available to Users ........................................................449
Denial of Service (DoS) Protection ...............................................................450
Suspicious Control Flow Detection ........................................................451
Suspicious Control Flow Monitoring ......................................................452
Configurable Options ............................................................................453
Display Options ....................................................................................453
Traps and Logs .....................................................................................453
Suspicious Control Flow Commands .....................................................454
Monitoring Suspicious Control Flow ......................................................456
Denial-of-Service Protection Groups ......................................................461
Group Parameters .................................................................................461
Attaching Groups ..................................................................................462
Protocol Mapping ..................................................................................462
DoS Protection Group Configuration Example ......................................465
DoS Protection Group Commands ........................................................466
Monitoring DoS Protection Groups ........................................................472
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Chapter 8 Writing CLI Macros 473
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................473
Writing Macros ............................................................................................473
Environment Commands ......................................................................475
Capturing Output of Commands ...........................................................476
Adding Regular Expression Matching to Macros ...................................476
Extracting a Substring Based on Regular Expression Matching .............477
Adding Global Variables for Availability to the onError Macro ...............477
Unique IDs for Macros ..........................................................................478
Accurate Use of Error Status When Accessed Ourside of onError
Macro .............................................................................................478
Variables ...............................................................................................479
Literals ..................................................................................................479
Operators ..............................................................................................480
Assignment ....................................................................................482
Increment and Decrement .............................................................482
String Operations ...........................................................................483
Extraction Operations ....................................................................483
Arithmetic Operations ..........................................................................484
Relational Operations .....................................................................484
Logical Operations ..........................................................................484
Miscellaneous Operations ...............................................................485
Conditional Execution ...........................................................................486
If Constructs ...................................................................................486
While Constructs ............................................................................487
Passing Parameters in Macros ..............................................................488
Generating Macro Output ......................................................................489
Invoking Other Macros .........................................................................489
Detecting and Recording Macro Errors ........................................................491
Detectable Macro Errors .......................................................................491
Logging Macro Results ..........................................................................492
Viewing Macro Errors ...........................................................................492
onError Macro Examples ......................................................................493
Detecting Invalid Command Formats .............................................493
Detecting Invalid Commands .........................................................494
Detecting Missing Macros ...............................................................495
Running Macros ..........................................................................................496
Scheduling Macros ......................................................................................499
Practical Examples ......................................................................................502
Configuring Frame Relay ......................................................................502
Configuring ATM Interfaces ..................................................................506
Chapter 9 Booting the System 509
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................509
Configuring Your System for Booting ..........................................................509
Booting the GE-2 Line Module ...............................................................510
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