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3com 4007R - Switch, 4007 Implementation Manual

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Switch 4007
Implementation Guide
Release 3.0.5
Part No. 10013673
Published May 2000
3Com Corporation
5400 Bayfront Plaza
Santa Clara, California
95052-8145
Copyright © 2000, 3Com Corporation. All rights reserved. No part of this documentation may be reproduced
in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation, transformation, or
adaptation) without written permission from 3Com Corporation.
3Com Corporation reserves the right to revise this documentation and to make changes in content from time
to time without obligation on the part of 3Com Corporation to provide notification of such revision or change.
3Com Corporation provides this documentation without warranty, term, or condition of any kind, either
implied or expressed, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties, terms, or conditions of
merchantability, satisfactory quality, and fitness for a particular purpose. 3Com may make improvements or
changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this documentation at any time.
If there is any software on removable media described in this documentation, it is furnished under a license
agreement included with the product as a separate document, in the hardcopy documentation, or on the
removable media in a directory file named LICENSE.TXT or !LICENSE.TXT. If you are unable to locate a copy,
please contact 3Com and a copy will be provided to you.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT LEGEND
If you are a United States government agency, then this documentation and the software described herein are
provided to you subject to the following:
All technical data and computer software are commercial in nature and developed solely at private expense.
Software is delivered as “Commercial Computer Software” as defined in DFARS 252.227-7014 (June 1995) or
as a “commercial item” as defined in FAR 2.101(a) and as such is provided with only such rights as are
provided in 3Com’s standard commercial license for the Software. Technical data is provided with limited rights
only as provided in DFAR 252.227-7015 (Nov 1995) or FAR 52.227-14 (June 1987), whichever is applicable.
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associated.
C
ONTENTS
A
BOUT
T
HIS
G
UIDE
Audience 31
Scope of this Guide 32
Conventions 32
Switch 4007 Documentation 34
Documentation Comments 35
Year 2000 Compliance 35
P
ART
I
U
NDERSTANDING
Y
OUR
S
WITCH
4007 S
YSTEM
37
1
C
ONFIGURATION
O
VERVIEW
Physical Configuration Requirements and Options 40
Requirements 40
Options 41
Order of Installation Activities 41
System Architecture 41
Management Options 42
Management Module Console 42
Switching Module Administration Console 43
Web Management software 43
SNMP-Based Network Management Overview 44
Management Access 45
Terminal Port Access 45
Modem Port Access 46
Access Levels 46
System Configuration Process 47
Configuration Procedure 47
Configure the Management Module 47
Configure Each Switching Module 47
P
ART
II
U
NDERSTANDING
T
HE
M
ANAGEMENT
M
ODULE
51
2
O
VERVIEW
OF
THE
M
ANAGEMENT
M
ODULE
Before You Start 53
Module Overview 54
Module Components 54
Module Functions 55
Impact on the Network 56
3
I
NSTALLING
M
ANAGEMENT
M
ODULES
Before You Start 57
Installing Modules 58
Hot Insert and Hot Swap 58
Installing Non-Management Modules 58
Creating a Redundant Configuration 59
Installation 59
The Relationship Between Two Management Modules 59
The Failover Process 60
Connectivity Rules 61
Verifying Management Module Operation 62
The Display Button 63
Making Management Connections 63
Connecting to a 10BASE-T Ethernet Port 63
Using an MDI-to-MDI Crossover Cable 64
Connecting to an RS-232 Console Port 64
Using a Modem 66
Verifying Network Connectivity 67
EME Technical Specifications 69
4
C
ONFIGURING
AND
U
SING
EME O
PTIONS
Quick Reference Configuration 72
Saving Configuration Values 72
Connecting to the System 73
Initial Access 73
Logging into the System 73
Terminating a Connection 73
Setting Up an IP Address for Telnet 73
Connecting to Remote Devices 74
In-band Connections 75
Serial Line Internet Protocol Connections 75
Configuring Access to the Web Interface 76
Entering Commands 77
The Command Completion Feature 77
Listing Command Options 78
Keystroke Functions 80
Configuring the Terminal 81
Configuring the Terminal to Default Settings 81
Changing the Terminal Configuration 82
Customizing Terminal Settings 82
Setting Terminal Hangup 83
Setting Terminal Prompt 83
Setting Terminal Timeout Value 83
Setting Terminal Type 84
Troubleshooting the Terminal Interface 84
Customizing Your System 86
Assigning a Unique Name 86
Setting EME Diagnostics 86
Assigning a Contact Name and Location 86
Configuring the Internal Clock 87
Configuring User Logins 89
User Access Levels 89
User Login Functions 89
Login Limitations 89
Administer Access 89
Setting the Password 90
Adding New Users 90
Showing Current Users 91
Clearing Login Names 93
Configuring SNMP Values 94
Interaction Between the EME and SNMP 94
Setting Up IP Connectivity 94
Assigning an IP Address to the EME 94
Setting a Subnet Mask 95
Defining a Default Gateway 95
Showing and Clearing IP Settings 95
Creating a Community Table 96
Configuring a Trap Destination 97
Configuring the Authentication Alert Setting 97
Configuring Trap Options 97
Viewing SNMP Extensions and Traps 98
Interpreting EME Trap Messages 98
Obtaining More Information About SNMP 99
Configuring the Event Log 100
Using the File System 101
Software Configuration Files 101
Displaying Files in the File System 101
Deleting Specified Files From the File System 102
Deleting All Files and Resetting the Management Module 102
Resetting System Components 104
Resetting the Chassis 104
Resetting Switching Modules 104
Resetting the EME 105
Resetting the EME to Default Values 105
Accessing the Administration Console 106
Running Diagnostic Tests 107
Reporting Diagnostic
Errors 108
Setting
servdiag
Characteristics 108
The
cont_mode
Characteristic 108
The
loop_count
Characteristic 108
The
verbosity
Characteristic 109
Displaying
servdiag
Characteristics 109
Obtaining Technical Assistance 109
5
M
ANAGING
THE
C
HASSIS
P
OWER
AND
T
EMPERATURE
Managing Power in the Chassis 112
Intelligent Power Subsystem Features 112
Load-Sharing Power Supplies 113
Power Non-Fault-Tolerant Mode 114
Power Fault-Tolerant Mode 114
Setting Power Fault-Tolerance 115
Enabling and Disabling Power to Slots 116
Power Class Settings 117
Using the Default Power Class Setting 117
Setting Power Class 117
Power Class 10 Warnings 118
Budgeting Power 118
Allocating Power for Installed Modules 118
Increasing the Unallocated Power Budget 119
Determining Chassis Power Budget 120
Power Supply Output in Non-Fault-Tolerant Mode 121
Power Supply Output in Fault-Tolerant Mode 121
Overheat Conditions 122
Enabling and Disabling Automatic Module Power-off 123
The Overheat Management Area 123
Overheat Power-off Process 124
Overheat Recovery Process 125
Saved Power Management Configurations 125
Displaying Operating Conditions 126
Displaying Chassis Information 126
Displaying Module Information 127
Basic Information For One Module 127
Basic Information For All Modules 127
Detailed Information For All Modules 127
Displaying Power Information 128
Displaying Chassis Inventory Information 129
Displaying EME Information 129
P
ART
III
U
NDERSTANDING
Y
OUR
S
WITCHING
M
ODULES
131
6
M
ODULE
P
ARAMETERS
Module Parameters Overview 134
Features 134
Benefits 134
Key Concepts 135
How to Set and Modify Module Parameters 135
Terminology 135
nvData 136
7
P
HYSICAL
P
ORT
N
UMBERING
Slot Architecture 137
Default Port Settings 138
Configuring Port Status 139
Allocating Switch Fabric Capacity to Slots 140
9-port GEN Switch Fabric Module 140
Using Table 33: Examples 140
24-port GEN Switch Fabric Module 141
Using Table 34: Examples 142
Key Guidelines for Implementation 142
Effects of Removing a Module 143
VLAN Changes 143
Trunk Changes 143
Effects of Replacing Modules 144
Replacing Modules of the Same Type 144
Replacing Modules of Different Types 144
8
E
THERNET
Ethernet Overview 146
Features 146
Benefits 147
Link Bandwidths 147
Link Availability 147
Other Benefits 147
Key Concepts 148
Ethernet Packet Processing 150
Key Guidelines for Implementation 152
Link Bandwidths 152
Trunks 152
Port Enable and Disable (Port State) 153
Important Considerations 153
Port Labels 153
Implementing Port Labels 153
Autonegotiation 154
Important Considerations 154
Port Mode 156
Important Considerations 156
Flow Control 157
Important Considerations 157
PACE Interactive Access 158
Important Considerations 158
Port Monitoring 158
Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading 159
Ethernet Protocol 159
Media Specifications 159
Related Reading 160
9
B
RIDGE
-W
IDE
AND
B
RIDGE
P
ORT
P
ARAMETERS
Bridging Overview 162
Benefits 162
Key Bridging Concepts 163
Learning Addresses 163
Aging Addresses 163
Forwarding, Filtering, and Flooding 164
Loop Detection and Network Resiliency 164
Bridging Implementation Summary 165
Key Guidelines for Implementation 167
Physical Ports and Bridge Ports 167
Option For Fast Aging 167
If You Want To Use STP 167
Port Forwarding Behavior 168
Routing Over Blocked STP Ports 168
STP Compatible with Trunking 168
STP Not Compatible with Resilient Links 169
Bridge Ports and Trunks 169
Multicast Limits and Trunks 169
Bridge Port Addresses in Closed VLAN Mode 169
GVRP Usefulness 169
STP Terms and Concepts 170
Configuration Messages 170
Bridge Hierarchy 170
Actions That Result from CBPDU Information 171
Contents of CBPDUs 173
Comparing CBPDUs 173
How a Single Bridge Interprets CBPDUs 174
How Multiple Bridges Interpret CBPDUs 175
Determining the Root Bridge 178
Determining the Root Ports 178
Determining the Designated Bridge and Designated Ports 178
Spanning Tree Port States 180
Reconfiguring the Bridged Network Topology 182
Resulting Actions 182
STP Bridge and Port Parameters 183
Bridge-wide STP Parameters 183
Bridge-Wide STP State 183
Bridge Priority 184
Bridge Maximum Age 184
Bridge Hello Time 184
Bridge Forward Delay 184
STP Group Address 185
Bridge Port STP Parameters 186
Port State 186
Port Path Cost 186
Port Priority 186
MAC Address Table Design 187
Address Space 187
Important Considerations 187
Address Aging 189
Address Table Dependencies 189
Normal Aging Process 190
If the STP State is Enabled 190
STP Topology Change 190
Port Down Events 191
If the STP State is Disabled 191
If STP State is “Aging Only” 192
Important Considerations 192
Frame Processing 194
IP Fragmentation 194
IPX SNAP Translation 195
Broadcast and Multicast Limits 195
Important Considerations 196
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) 197
Important Considerations 197
Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading 198
10
C
LASS
OF
S
ERVICE
(C
O
S)
Overview 200
Key Concepts 201
Basic Elements of the Standard 201
Format of Prioritized Packets 202
Queues and Priority Levels 202
CoS in Your System 203
CoS Architecture 203
Important Considerations 204
Configuring Priority Levels 204
Configuring a Rate Limit on Queue 1 204
Important Considerations 205
Handling Tagged and Untagged Packets 206
Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading 206
11
IP M
ULTICAST
F
ILTERING
WITH
IGMP
Overview 208
Benefits 208
Key Concepts 210
Devices That Generate IP Multicast Packets 210
Group Addresses and Group Members 210
Communication Protocols 210
IP Multicast Delivery Process 211
How Routers and Switches Use IGMP 211
Tracking Group Member Locations 212
How Hosts Use IGMP 213
Host Membership Reports 213
Join Message 213
Leave-Group Messages 213
Report Suppression and Effect on Switch Activity 213
Configuring IGMP in Your System 214
Key Implementation Guidelines 215
Processing IP Multicast Packets 217
Effects of MAC Address Aliasing 218
Important Considerations 219
Operating as the Querier 220
Locating Multicast Routers 220
Aging the IGMP Tables 221
Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading 221
12
T
RUNKING
Trunking Overview 224
Features 224
Benefits 224
Key Concepts 225
Port Numbering in a Trunk 225
Trunk Control Message Protocol (TCMP) 226
Key Guidelines for Implementation 227
General Guidelines 227
Trunk Capacity Guidelines 229
Automatic Backplane Trunking 230
Important Considerations 230
Defining Trunks 231
Important Considerations 231
Modifying Trunks 233
Important Considerations 233
Removing Trunks 233
Important Consideration 233
Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading 234
13
R
ESILIENT
L
INKS
Resilient Links Overview 236
Features 237
Benefits 237
Key Concepts 237
Key Guidelines for Implementation 238
General Guidelines 238
Resilient Link Define and Modify 238
Important Considerations 238
Resilient Link State 239
Important Considerations 239
Resilient Link Active Port 239
Important Considerations 239
Resilient Link Remove 239
Important Consideration 239
14
V
IRTUAL
LAN
S
(VLAN
S
)
VLAN Overview 242
Need for VLANs 242
Benefits 243
VLANs on the Switch 4007 243
Features 245
Key Concepts 246
Related Standards and Protocols 246
Tagging Types 247
VLAN IDs 248
Terminology 249
Key Guidelines for Implementation 250
Migration Path for Network-based VLANs 250
VLANs Created by Router Port IP Interfaces 252
Design Guidelines 253
Procedural Guidelines 254
Number of VLANs 256
Equation for VLANs on Multilayer Switching Modules 256
VLAN Aware Mode 258
General Guidelines 259
VLAN allOpen or allClosed Mode 261
Important Considerations 261
Modifying the
VLAN Mode 263
Mode Requirements 264
Using allOpen Mode 265
Using allClosed Mode 265
Port-based VLANs 266
The Default VLAN 266
Modifying the Default VLAN 267
Trunking and the Default VLAN 268
User-Configured Port-based VLANs 270
Important Considerations 270
Example 1: A Single VLAN Configuration 271
Example 2: VLANs with Tagged Backplane Ports 272
Example 3: VLANs with Tagged Front-Panel Ports 274
Dynamic Port-based VLANs Using GVRP 277
Important Considerations 277
Example: GVRP 279
Protocol-based VLANs 280
Important Considerations 280
Selecting a Protocol Suite 281
Establishing Routing Between VLANs 282
Important Considerations 282
Example 1: Routing Between Multilayer Modules 283
Example 2: One-Armed Routing Configuration 286
Network-based IP VLANs 289
Important Considerations 289
Example: Network-based VLANs 290
Ignore STP Mode 293
Important Considerations 293
Example: Ignore STP Mode 293
Rules of VLAN Operation 295
Ingress Rules 295
Egress Rules 298
Standard Bridging Rules for Outgoing Frames 298
Tag Status Rules 298
Examples of Flooding and Forwarding Decisions 299
Example 1: Flooding Decisions for Protocol-based VLANs 299
Example 2: VLAN Exception Flooding 300
Rules for Network-based (Layer 3) VLANs 300
Example 3: Decisions for One Network-based VLAN 301
Modifying and Removing VLANs 302
Monitoring VLAN Statistics 303
15
P
ACKET
F
ILTERING
Packet Filtering Overview 306
What Can You Filter? 306
When Is a Filter Applied? — Paths 307
Input Packet Filtering: Receive Path 307
Output Packet Filtering: Transmit Path 307
Internal Packet Filtering: Receive Internal Path 307
Path Assignment 308
Key Concepts 309
Standard Packet Filters 309
Custom Packet Filters 310
Important Considerations 311
Managing Packet Filters 311
Tools for Writing Filters 313
ASCII Text Editor 313
Built-in Line Editor 313
Web Management Filter Builder Tool 315
Downloading Custom Packet Filters 317
Setting Up Your Environment 317
Loading a Custom Filter on the Switch 4007 318
The Packet Filtering Language 319
Principles for Writing a Custom Filter 319
How the Packet Filter Language Works 319
Procedure for Writing a Custom Filter 320
Packet Filter Opcodes 322
Implementing Sequential Tests in a Packet Filter 329
Common Syntax Errors 331
Custom Packet Filter Examples 333
Destination Address Filter 333
Source Address Filter 333
Length Filter 333
Type Filter 334
Ethernet Type IPX and Multicast Filter 334
Multiple Destination Address Filter 334
Source Address and Type Filter 335
Accept XNS or IP Filter 335
XNS Routing Filter 335
Port Group Filter 336
Limits to Filter Size 336
Storage Rules for Preprocessed
Packet Filters 336
Run-time Storage of Packet Filters 336
Using Port Groups in Custom Packet Filters 337
Port Group Packet Filter Example 337
Port Group Filter Operation 337
Port Group Management and Control Functions 340
Defining Port Groups 340
Important Considerations 340
Long Custom Filter Example 341
Filtering Problem 341
Packet Filter Solution 342
Packet Filter One 344
Packet Filter Two 345
Combining a Subset of the Filters 346
Combining All the Filters 347
Optimizing the Filter with Accept and Reject Commands 348
16
IP R
OUTING
Routing Overview 352
Routing in a Subnetworked Environment 354
Integrating Bridging and Routing 355
Bridging and Routing Models 355
3Com Bridging and Routing 356
IP Routing Overview 358
Features and Benefits 359
Key Concepts 359
Multiple IP Interfaces per VLAN 359
Media Access Control (MAC) Address 360
Network-Layer Address 360
IP Addresses 360
Dotted Decimal Notation 361
Network Portion 361
Subnetwork Portion 362
Subnet Mask Numbering 363
Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) 364
How VLSMs Work 364
Guidelines for Using VLSMs 364
Router Interfaces 365
Routing Table 366
Default Route 368
Routing Models: Port-based and VLAN-based 368
Key Guidelines for Implementing IP Routing 369
Configure Trunks (Optional) 369
Configure IP VLANs 370
Establish Your IP Interfaces 370
Interface Parameters 370
Important Consideration 371
Defining an IP Interface 371
Enable IP Routing 372
Administering IP Routing 372
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 372
Important Considerations 374
ARP Proxy 375
Important Considerations 375
Example 375
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 376
ICMP Router Discovery 377
Important Considerations 377
Example 378
ICMP Redirect 378
Important Considerations 379
Broadcast Address 380
Important Considerations 380
Directed Broadcast 380
Important Considerations 380
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 380
Basic RIP Parameters 381
RIP Mode 381
Compatibility Mode 382
Cost 382
Poison Reverse 382
Advertisement Address 383
Effects and Consequences 383
RIP-1 Versus RIP-2 383
Important Considerations 384
Routing Policies 384
How Routing Policies Work 385
Important Considerations 387
Implementing RIP Routing Policies 387
RIP Metric Adjustments 387
RIP Import Policy Conditions for Specified Interfaces 388
RIP Export Policy Conditions for Specified Interfaces 389
Multiple Matched Routing Policies 389
Setting Up RIP Routing Policies 390
Effects and Consequences 390
Creating RIP Routing Policies 391
Domain Name System (DNS) 392
Important Considerations 392
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Helper 393
Implementing UDP Helper 393
Configuring Overlapped Interfaces 394
Important Considerations 394
Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading 395
Requests For Comments (RFCs) 395
Standards Organizations 395
Related Reading 396
17
V
IRTUAL
R
OUTER
R
EDUNDANCY
P
ROTOCOL
(VRRP)
VRRP Overview 398
Router to Router 398
Host to Host and Host to Gateway 398
Routing Protocols 398
ICMP Router Discovery 398
Static Route 399
Default Gateway 399
Example 399
Key Concepts 400
How VRRP Works 401
Virtual Router Decision-making 402
Important Considerations 403
VRRP and Other Networking Operations 404
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 405
Dynamic Routing Protocols (RIP, RIP-2, OSPF) 405
IGMP Queries 406
ICMP Redirect 407
Quality of Service 407
IP Routing Policies 407
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 407
Using VRRP On Your Switch 4007 407
VRRP with Multiple Virtual Routers 407
Spanning Tree Considerations 410
End Station Configuration 410
VRRP Activity 411
Sequence of Failover Events 411
VRRP with a Single Virtual Router 412
Configuring VRRP 414
Configuring Router 1 as the Master Router 414
Configuring the Protocol (IP) VLAN of the Master Router 415
Configuring the IP Interfaces 416
Configuring the Master Router 417
Configuring Router 2 as the Backup Router 417
Configuring the Protocol (IP) VLAN of the Backup Router 418
Configuring the IP Interfaces 419
Configuring the Backup Router 420
Switching from Master Router to Backup Router 420
Disabling the Master Router 421
Displaying the Results of the Master Router Change 421
Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading 422
18
IP M
ULTICAST
R
OUTING
IP Multicast Overview 424
Unicast Model 424
Broadcast Model 424
Multicast Model 424
Benefits of IP Multicast 425
How a Network Supports IP Multicast 426
IP Multicast Routing 426
Supporting Protocols in Your Module 427
IP Multicast Tunnels 427
Supporting Protocol in Your Module 428
IP Multicast Filtering 428
Supporting Protocol in Your Multilayer Switching Module 428
Internet Support for IP Multicast 429
Key Concepts 429
Traffic Movement 429
IP Multicast Groups 430
Source-Group Pairs 430
Multicast Addresses 430
Registered Groups 430
Reserved MAC Addresses 431
How IGMP Supports IP Multicast 432
Electing the Querier 432
Query Messages 432
Host Messages 432
Response to Queries 432
Join Message 433
Leave-Group Messages 433
Role of IGMP in IP Multicast Filtering 433
How DVMRP Supports IP Multicast 434
Spanning Tree Delivery 434
Managing the Spanning Tree 435
Interface Relationships 436
Broadcasting 436
Pruning 436
Grafting 437
DVMRP Interface Characteristics 437
Key Guidelines for Implementation 438
Configuration Procedure 438
Impact of Multicast Limits 439
Impact of IEEE 802.1Q on Multicasts 439
Protocol Interoperability 439
/