3com 4007 Implementation Manual

http://www.3com.com/

Switch 4007

Implementation Guide

Release 3.0.5

Part No. 10013673

Published May 2000

3Com Corporation

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Santa Clara, California

95052-8145

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C

ONTENTS

A

BOUT

T

HIS

G

UIDE

Audience 31

Scope of this Guide 32

Conventions 32

Switch 4007 Documentation 34

Documentation Comments 35

Year 2000 Compliance 35

P

ART

I

U

NDERSTANDING

Y

OUR

S

WITCH

4007 S

YSTEM

37

1

C

ONFIGURATION

O

VERVIEW

Physical Configuration Requirements and Options 40

Requirements 40

Options 41

Order of Installation Activities 41

System Architecture 41

Management Options 42

Management Module Console 42

Switching Module Administration Console 43

Web Management software 43

SNMP-Based Network Management Overview 44

Management Access 45

Terminal Port Access 45

Modem Port Access 46

Access Levels 46

System Configuration Process 47

Configuration Procedure 47

Configure the Management Module 47

Configure Each Switching Module 47

P

ART

II

U

NDERSTANDING

T

HE

M

ANAGEMENT

M

ODULE

51

2

O

VERVIEW

OF

THE

M

ANAGEMENT

M

ODULE

Before You Start 53

Module Overview 54

Module Components 54

Module Functions 55

Impact on the Network 56

3

I

NSTALLING

M

ANAGEMENT

M

ODULES

Before You Start 57

Installing Modules 58

Hot Insert and Hot Swap 58

Installing Non-Management Modules 58

Creating a Redundant Configuration 59

Installation 59

The Relationship Between Two Management Modules 59

The Failover Process 60

Connectivity Rules 61

Verifying Management Module Operation 62

The Display Button 63

Making Management Connections 63

Connecting to a 10BASE-T Ethernet Port 63

Using an MDI-to-MDI Crossover Cable 64

Connecting to an RS-232 Console Port 64

Using a Modem 66

Verifying Network Connectivity 67

EME Technical Specifications 69

4

C

ONFIGURING

AND

U

SING

EME O

PTIONS

Quick Reference Configuration 72

Saving Configuration Values 72

Connecting to the System 73

Initial Access 73

Logging into the System 73

Terminating a Connection 73

Setting Up an IP Address for Telnet 73

Connecting to Remote Devices 74

In-band Connections 75

Serial Line Internet Protocol Connections 75

Configuring Access to the Web Interface 76

Entering Commands 77

The Command Completion Feature 77

Listing Command Options 78

Keystroke Functions 80

Configuring the Terminal 81

Configuring the Terminal to Default Settings 81

Changing the Terminal Configuration 82

Customizing Terminal Settings 82

Setting Terminal Hangup 83

Setting Terminal Prompt 83

Setting Terminal Timeout Value 83

Setting Terminal Type 84

Troubleshooting the Terminal Interface 84

Customizing Your System 86

Assigning a Unique Name 86

Setting EME Diagnostics 86

Assigning a Contact Name and Location 86

Configuring the Internal Clock 87

Configuring User Logins 89

User Access Levels 89

User Login Functions 89

Login Limitations 89

Administer Access 89

Setting the Password 90

Adding New Users 90

Showing Current Users 91

Clearing Login Names 93

Configuring SNMP Values 94

Interaction Between the EME and SNMP 94

Setting Up IP Connectivity 94

Assigning an IP Address to the EME 94

Setting a Subnet Mask 95

Defining a Default Gateway 95

Showing and Clearing IP Settings 95

Creating a Community Table 96

Configuring a Trap Destination 97

Configuring the Authentication Alert Setting 97

Configuring Trap Options 97

Viewing SNMP Extensions and Traps 98

Interpreting EME Trap Messages 98

Obtaining More Information About SNMP 99

Configuring the Event Log 100

Using the File System 101

Software Configuration Files 101

Displaying Files in the File System 101

Deleting Specified Files From the File System 102

Deleting All Files and Resetting the Management Module 102

Resetting System Components 104

Resetting the Chassis 104

Resetting Switching Modules 104

Resetting the EME 105

Resetting the EME to Default Values 105

Accessing the Administration Console 106

Running Diagnostic Tests 107

Reporting Diagnostic

Errors 108

Setting

servdiag

Characteristics 108

The

cont_mode

Characteristic 108

The

loop_count

Characteristic 108

The

verbosity

Characteristic 109

Displaying

servdiag

Characteristics 109

Obtaining Technical Assistance 109

5

M

ANAGING

THE

C

HASSIS

P

OWER

AND

T

EMPERATURE

Managing Power in the Chassis 112

Intelligent Power Subsystem Features 112

Load-Sharing Power Supplies 113

Power Non-Fault-Tolerant Mode 114

Power Fault-Tolerant Mode 114

Setting Power Fault-Tolerance 115

Enabling and Disabling Power to Slots 116

Power Class Settings 117

Using the Default Power Class Setting 117

Setting Power Class 117

Power Class 10 Warnings 118

Budgeting Power 118

Allocating Power for Installed Modules 118

Increasing the Unallocated Power Budget 119

Determining Chassis Power Budget 120

Power Supply Output in Non-Fault-Tolerant Mode 121

Power Supply Output in Fault-Tolerant Mode 121

Overheat Conditions 122

Enabling and Disabling Automatic Module Power-off 123

The Overheat Management Area 123

Overheat Power-off Process 124

Overheat Recovery Process 125

Saved Power Management Configurations 125

Displaying Operating Conditions 126

Displaying Chassis Information 126

Displaying Module Information 127

Basic Information For One Module 127

Basic Information For All Modules 127

Detailed Information For All Modules 127

Displaying Power Information 128

Displaying Chassis Inventory Information 129

Displaying EME Information 129

P

ART

III

U

NDERSTANDING

Y

OUR

S

WITCHING

M

ODULES

131

6

M

ODULE

P

ARAMETERS

Module Parameters Overview 134

Features 134

Benefits 134

Key Concepts 135

How to Set and Modify Module Parameters 135

Terminology 135

nvData 136

7

P

HYSICAL

P

ORT

N

UMBERING

Slot Architecture 137

Default Port Settings 138

Configuring Port Status 139

Allocating Switch Fabric Capacity to Slots 140

9-port GEN Switch Fabric Module 140

Using Table 33: Examples 140

24-port GEN Switch Fabric Module 141

Using Table 34: Examples 142

Key Guidelines for Implementation 142

Effects of Removing a Module 143

VLAN Changes 143

Trunk Changes 143

Effects of Replacing Modules 144

Replacing Modules of the Same Type 144

Replacing Modules of Different Types 144

8

E

THERNET

Ethernet Overview 146

Features 146

Benefits 147

Link Bandwidths 147

Link Availability 147

Other Benefits 147

Key Concepts 148

Ethernet Packet Processing 150

Key Guidelines for Implementation 152

Link Bandwidths 152

Trunks 152

Port Enable and Disable (Port State) 153

Important Considerations 153

Port Labels 153

Implementing Port Labels 153

Autonegotiation 154

Important Considerations 154

Port Mode 156

Important Considerations 156

Flow Control 157

Important Considerations 157

PACE Interactive Access 158

Important Considerations 158

Port Monitoring 158

Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading 159

Ethernet Protocol 159

Media Specifications 159

Related Reading 160

9

B

RIDGE

-W

IDE

AND

B

RIDGE

P

ORT

P

ARAMETERS

Bridging Overview 162

Benefits 162

Key Bridging Concepts 163

Learning Addresses 163

Aging Addresses 163

Forwarding, Filtering, and Flooding 164

Loop Detection and Network Resiliency 164

Bridging Implementation Summary 165

Key Guidelines for Implementation 167

Physical Ports and Bridge Ports 167

Option For Fast Aging 167

If You Want To Use STP 167

Port Forwarding Behavior 168

Routing Over Blocked STP Ports 168

STP Compatible with Trunking 168

STP Not Compatible with Resilient Links 169

Bridge Ports and Trunks 169

Multicast Limits and Trunks 169

Bridge Port Addresses in Closed VLAN Mode 169

GVRP Usefulness 169

STP Terms and Concepts 170

Configuration Messages 170

Bridge Hierarchy 170

Actions That Result from CBPDU Information 171

Contents of CBPDUs 173

Comparing CBPDUs 173

How a Single Bridge Interprets CBPDUs 174

How Multiple Bridges Interpret CBPDUs 175

Determining the Root Bridge 178

Determining the Root Ports 178

Determining the Designated Bridge and Designated Ports 178

Spanning Tree Port States 180

Reconfiguring the Bridged Network Topology 182

Resulting Actions 182

STP Bridge and Port Parameters 183

Bridge-wide STP Parameters 183

Bridge-Wide STP State 183

Bridge Priority 184

Bridge Maximum Age 184

Bridge Hello Time 184

Bridge Forward Delay 184

STP Group Address 185

Bridge Port STP Parameters 186

Port State 186

Port Path Cost 186

Port Priority 186

MAC Address Table Design 187

Address Space 187

Important Considerations 187

Address Aging 189

Address Table Dependencies 189

Normal Aging Process 190

If the STP State is Enabled 190

STP Topology Change 190

Port Down Events 191

If the STP State is Disabled 191

If STP State is “Aging Only” 192

Important Considerations 192

Frame Processing 194

IP Fragmentation 194

IPX SNAP Translation 195

Broadcast and Multicast Limits 195

Important Considerations 196

GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) 197

Important Considerations 197

Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading 198

10

C

LASS

OF

S

ERVICE

(C

O

S)

Overview 200

Key Concepts 201

Basic Elements of the Standard 201

Format of Prioritized Packets 202

Queues and Priority Levels 202

CoS in Your System 203

CoS Architecture 203

Important Considerations 204

Configuring Priority Levels 204

Configuring a Rate Limit on Queue 1 204

Important Considerations 205

Handling Tagged and Untagged Packets 206

Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading 206

11

IP M

ULTICAST

F

ILTERING

WITH

IGMP

Overview 208

Benefits 208

Key Concepts 210

Devices That Generate IP Multicast Packets 210

Group Addresses and Group Members 210

Communication Protocols 210

IP Multicast Delivery Process 211

How Routers and Switches Use IGMP 211

Tracking Group Member Locations 212

How Hosts Use IGMP 213

Host Membership Reports 213

Join Message 213

Leave-Group Messages 213

Report Suppression and Effect on Switch Activity 213

Configuring IGMP in Your System 214

Key Implementation Guidelines 215

Processing IP Multicast Packets 217

Effects of MAC Address Aliasing 218

Important Considerations 219

Operating as the Querier 220

Locating Multicast Routers 220

Aging the IGMP Tables 221

Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading 221

12

T

RUNKING

Trunking Overview 224

Features 224

Benefits 224

Key Concepts 225

Port Numbering in a Trunk 225

Trunk Control Message Protocol (TCMP) 226

Key Guidelines for Implementation 227

General Guidelines 227

Trunk Capacity Guidelines 229

Automatic Backplane Trunking 230

Important Considerations 230

Defining Trunks 231

Important Considerations 231

Modifying Trunks 233

Important Considerations 233

Removing Trunks 233

Important Consideration 233

Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading 234

13

R

ESILIENT

L

INKS

Resilient Links Overview 236

Features 237

Benefits 237

Key Concepts 237

Key Guidelines for Implementation 238

General Guidelines 238

Resilient Link Define and Modify 238

Important Considerations 238

Resilient Link State 239

Important Considerations 239

Resilient Link Active Port 239

Important Considerations 239

Resilient Link Remove 239

Important Consideration 239

14

V

IRTUAL

LAN

S

(VLAN

S

)

VLAN Overview 242

Need for VLANs 242

Benefits 243

VLANs on the Switch 4007 243

Features 245

Key Concepts 246

Related Standards and Protocols 246

Tagging Types 247

VLAN IDs 248

Terminology 249

Key Guidelines for Implementation 250

Migration Path for Network-based VLANs 250

VLANs Created by Router Port IP Interfaces 252

Design Guidelines 253

Procedural Guidelines 254

Number of VLANs 256

Equation for VLANs on Multilayer Switching Modules 256

VLAN Aware Mode 258

General Guidelines 259

VLAN allOpen or allClosed Mode 261

Important Considerations 261

Modifying the

VLAN Mode 263

Mode Requirements 264

Using allOpen Mode 265

Using allClosed Mode 265

Port-based VLANs 266

The Default VLAN 266

Modifying the Default VLAN 267

Trunking and the Default VLAN 268

User-Configured Port-based VLANs 270

Important Considerations 270

Example 1: A Single VLAN Configuration 271

Example 2: VLANs with Tagged Backplane Ports 272

Example 3: VLANs with Tagged Front-Panel Ports 274

Dynamic Port-based VLANs Using GVRP 277

Important Considerations 277

Example: GVRP 279

Protocol-based VLANs 280

Important Considerations 280

Selecting a Protocol Suite 281

Establishing Routing Between VLANs 282

Important Considerations 282

Example 1: Routing Between Multilayer Modules 283

Example 2: One-Armed Routing Configuration 286

Network-based IP VLANs 289

Important Considerations 289

Example: Network-based VLANs 290

Ignore STP Mode 293

Important Considerations 293

Example: Ignore STP Mode 293

Rules of VLAN Operation 295

Ingress Rules 295

Egress Rules 298

Standard Bridging Rules for Outgoing Frames 298

Tag Status Rules 298

Examples of Flooding and Forwarding Decisions 299

Example 1: Flooding Decisions for Protocol-based VLANs 299

Example 2: VLAN Exception Flooding 300

Rules for Network-based (Layer 3) VLANs 300

Example 3: Decisions for One Network-based VLAN 301

Modifying and Removing VLANs 302

Monitoring VLAN Statistics 303

15

P

ACKET

F

ILTERING

Packet Filtering Overview 306

What Can You Filter? 306

When Is a Filter Applied? — Paths 307

Input Packet Filtering: Receive Path 307

Output Packet Filtering: Transmit Path 307

Internal Packet Filtering: Receive Internal Path 307

Path Assignment 308

Key Concepts 309

Standard Packet Filters 309

Custom Packet Filters 310

Important Considerations 311

Managing Packet Filters 311

Tools for Writing Filters 313

ASCII Text Editor 313

Built-in Line Editor 313

Web Management Filter Builder Tool 315

Downloading Custom Packet Filters 317

Setting Up Your Environment 317

Loading a Custom Filter on the Switch 4007 318

The Packet Filtering Language 319

Principles for Writing a Custom Filter 319

How the Packet Filter Language Works 319

Procedure for Writing a Custom Filter 320

Packet Filter Opcodes 322

Implementing Sequential Tests in a Packet Filter 329

Common Syntax Errors 331

Custom Packet Filter Examples 333

Destination Address Filter 333

Source Address Filter 333

Length Filter 333

Type Filter 334

Ethernet Type IPX and Multicast Filter 334

Multiple Destination Address Filter 334

Source Address and Type Filter 335

Accept XNS or IP Filter 335

XNS Routing Filter 335

Port Group Filter 336

Limits to Filter Size 336

Storage Rules for Preprocessed

Packet Filters 336

Run-time Storage of Packet Filters 336

Using Port Groups in Custom Packet Filters 337

Port Group Packet Filter Example 337

Port Group Filter Operation 337

Port Group Management and Control Functions 340

Defining Port Groups 340

Important Considerations 340

Long Custom Filter Example 341

Filtering Problem 341

Packet Filter Solution 342

Packet Filter One 344

Packet Filter Two 345

Combining a Subset of the Filters 346

Combining All the Filters 347

Optimizing the Filter with Accept and Reject Commands 348

16

IP R

OUTING

Routing Overview 352

Routing in a Subnetworked Environment 354

Integrating Bridging and Routing 355

Bridging and Routing Models 355

3Com Bridging and Routing 356

IP Routing Overview 358

Features and Benefits 359

Key Concepts 359

Multiple IP Interfaces per VLAN 359

Media Access Control (MAC) Address 360

Network-Layer Address 360

IP Addresses 360

Dotted Decimal Notation 361

Network Portion 361

Subnetwork Portion 362

Subnet Mask Numbering 363

Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) 364

How VLSMs Work 364

Guidelines for Using VLSMs 364

Router Interfaces 365

Routing Table 366

Default Route 368

Routing Models: Port-based and VLAN-based 368

Key Guidelines for Implementing IP Routing 369

Configure Trunks (Optional) 369

Configure IP VLANs 370

Establish Your IP Interfaces 370

Interface Parameters 370

Important Consideration 371

Defining an IP Interface 371

Enable IP Routing 372

Administering IP Routing 372

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 372

Important Considerations 374

ARP Proxy 375

Important Considerations 375

Example 375

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 376

ICMP Router Discovery 377

Important Considerations 377

Example 378

ICMP Redirect 378

Important Considerations 379

Broadcast Address 380

Important Considerations 380

Directed Broadcast 380

Important Considerations 380

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 380

Basic RIP Parameters 381

RIP Mode 381

Compatibility Mode 382

Cost 382

Poison Reverse 382

Advertisement Address 383

Effects and Consequences 383

RIP-1 Versus RIP-2 383

Important Considerations 384

Routing Policies 384

How Routing Policies Work 385

Important Considerations 387

Implementing RIP Routing Policies 387

RIP Metric Adjustments 387

RIP Import Policy Conditions for Specified Interfaces 388

RIP Export Policy Conditions for Specified Interfaces 389

Multiple Matched Routing Policies 389

Setting Up RIP Routing Policies 390

Effects and Consequences 390

Creating RIP Routing Policies 391

Domain Name System (DNS) 392

Important Considerations 392

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Helper 393

Implementing UDP Helper 393

Configuring Overlapped Interfaces 394

Important Considerations 394

Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading 395

Requests For Comments (RFCs) 395

Standards Organizations 395

Related Reading 396

17

V

IRTUAL

R

OUTER

R

EDUNDANCY

P

ROTOCOL

(VRRP)

VRRP Overview 398

Router to Router 398

Host to Host and Host to Gateway 398

Routing Protocols 398

ICMP Router Discovery 398

Static Route 399

Default Gateway 399

Example 399

Key Concepts 400

How VRRP Works 401

Virtual Router Decision-making 402

Important Considerations 403

VRRP and Other Networking Operations 404

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 405

Dynamic Routing Protocols (RIP, RIP-2, OSPF) 405

IGMP Queries 406

ICMP Redirect 407

Quality of Service 407

IP Routing Policies 407

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 407

Using VRRP On Your Switch 4007 407

VRRP with Multiple Virtual Routers 407

Spanning Tree Considerations 410

End Station Configuration 410

VRRP Activity 411

Sequence of Failover Events 411

VRRP with a Single Virtual Router 412

Configuring VRRP 414

Configuring Router 1 as the Master Router 414

Configuring the Protocol (IP) VLAN of the Master Router 415

Configuring the IP Interfaces 416

Configuring the Master Router 417

Configuring Router 2 as the Backup Router 417

Configuring the Protocol (IP) VLAN of the Backup Router 418

Configuring the IP Interfaces 419

Configuring the Backup Router 420

Switching from Master Router to Backup Router 420

Disabling the Master Router 421

Displaying the Results of the Master Router Change 421

Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading 422

18

IP M

ULTICAST

R

OUTING

IP Multicast Overview 424

Unicast Model 424

Broadcast Model 424

Multicast Model 424

Benefits of IP Multicast 425

How a Network Supports IP Multicast 426

IP Multicast Routing 426

Supporting Protocols in Your Module 427

IP Multicast Tunnels 427

Supporting Protocol in Your Module 428

IP Multicast Filtering 428

Supporting Protocol in Your Multilayer Switching Module 428

Internet Support for IP Multicast 429

Key Concepts 429

Traffic Movement 429

IP Multicast Groups 430

Source-Group Pairs 430

Multicast Addresses 430

Registered Groups 430

Reserved MAC Addresses 431

How IGMP Supports IP Multicast 432

Electing the Querier 432

Query Messages 432

Host Messages 432

Response to Queries 432

Join Message 433

Leave-Group Messages 433

Role of IGMP in IP Multicast Filtering 433

How DVMRP Supports IP Multicast 434

Spanning Tree Delivery 434

Managing the Spanning Tree 435

Interface Relationships 436

Broadcasting 436

Pruning 436

Grafting 437

DVMRP Interface Characteristics 437

Key Guidelines for Implementation 438

Configuration Procedure 438

Impact of Multicast Limits 439

Impact of IEEE 802.1Q on Multicasts 439

Protocol Interoperability 439

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