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LanScaper
TM
OPERATINGINSTRUCTIONS
LanScaper
TM
RJ45Jack -Connectto
cableorjacktobetested.
LinkIndicator - Onwhen
networklinkisestablished.
CurserKeys -Usedtoscroll
throughoptions,setaddresses
andadjustvalues.
SelKey -Selectkeyisusedto
enterdisplayedoperatingmode,
startanewtest,changethe
valueofanoption,enter
sub-menusormove
tothenextscreen.
(Dependingoncontext)
ModeKey - PressCABLEfor
cablemodes,pressNTWRK
fornetworkmodesorpressthe
center(bothatonce)forSETUP
mode.
PowerKey - PressPWRtoturn
ontheLanScaperinthemodeat
poweroff.FurtherpressesofPWR
togglethebacklightonandoff.
Holddowntoturnoff.
BatteryCap -Pressdown
withheelofhandtoopen.
Back-litLCD -2lines
by16charactersw/icons.
LanScaper
TM
1.0INTRODUCTION
1.1Cautions
1.2KitContents
1.3Features
1.4UsingthisManual
1.5NetworkConnectivity
2.0STEPBYSTEPUSEINSTRUCTIONS
2.1ToIDanUnknownJackorPlug
2.2ToTestCablesOnly
2.3ToPlaceToneonaCable
2.4ToMeasureLengthofaCable
2.5ToLocateanEthernetPort
2.6ToPINGDevicesonaNetwork
2.7ToValidateaCableLinkbyFunctionalTesting
2.8ToChangePINGAddressingMode
3.0FUNCTIONALDESCRIPTION
3.1VoltageCheck
3.2CableTestModes
3.2.1JackID
3.2.2CableTest
3.2.3CableLength
3.2.4ToneGenerator
3.3NetworkTestModes
3.3.1FlashLinkLED
3.3.2PINGTest
3.3.3ValidateLink
4.0SETUPMODE
4.1TargetSetupSub-Menu
4.2PINGSetupSub-Menu
4.3LastDHCP
4.4DHCPOn/Off
4.5MACadd
4.6Units-Feet/Meters
5.0STATUSANDERRORMESSAGESFORNETWORKTESTMODES
6.0INTERPETINGCABLETESTRESULTS
Figure6.1CablingErrorsExamples
7.0MAINTENANCE
7.1BatteryReplacement
7.2ToResettheProcessor
8.0SPECIFICATIONS
AppendixA:GlossaryofNetworkingTerms
AppendixB:InternetProtocolDefinitions
WarrantyInformation
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LanScaper
TM
Fordetaileddescriptionofeachfunction,seetheFunctionalDescriptionsection.InterpretingCable
TestResultsandErrorMessagessectionsareusefulreferencesections.
-TheLanScaperusesIPaddressprotocolandrecognizesAuto-
NegotiationusingFastLinkPulsestoreportadvertisedEthernetcapability.LanScaper™also
supportsamodifiedversionofautoMDI/MDI-XtoallowforconnectiontoaHUB,switchorNIC
withastraightthroughcable.TheLanScaper™operatesusing10base-Tforallnetwork
transmissions.Thevastmajorityof100base-TFastEthernetproductssupport10base-T.However,
shouldaHUBorswitchbe100base-Tonlythroughsettingsorbydesign,adifferentport,a
changeofsettingsorinsertionofaninexpensive10/100HUBinlinewiththeLanScaper™willbe
necessary.
ToturntheLanScaper™offafteranytest,press
andholdPWRbuttonuntilthedisplayturnsoff.Thetesterwillturnoffautomaticallyafterabout
15minutesinallmodesexceptToneGenerator,whichis60minutes,andFlashLinkLED,whichis
30minutes.Whenconnectingtounknownjacksorcables,itisbesttobeginwiththepoweroffand
turntheLanScaper™onaftertheconnectionismade.Thisinsuresthatthevoltagecheckwillbe
runfirstbeforeanyothertesting.
1)WithLanScaper™poweredoff,connecttounknownjackorplug.
2)PressCABLEbutton,LanScaper™willpoweroninJackIDmodeanddeterminewhatdeviceis
connectedtotheotherendofthecableortestthecableifnoconnectionisfound.
-SkipstheIDportionoftheJackIDtestabove.
1)ConnectoneendofcableruntobetestedtoLanScaper™.PressCABLEbuttonrepeatedlyuntil
CableTestisdisplayed(twiceifunitwasoff).PressSELbuttontoentertest.
2)Ifthecableisconnectedwhilethetesterison,asingle-endedtestforshorts,opensandsplit
pairswillmostlikelybeinprogress.PressSELbuttontoforceanewtesttobegin.
3)Foracompletetest,connectaremotetotheotherendofthecable.
Anypatchcablesusedtoconnectthetesterandremotetoacablerunmustbe
shortcomparedtothecablerunforaccurateopenandsplitpairindication,nomorethan10%of
thetotalrunlengthor3feet,whicheverisless.Acablemustbeatleast4feetlongforsingle-
endedtesttoworkproperly.
1)Connectcabletobetracedtomainunit.TurnontesterbypressingCABLEbutton.Press
CABLEbuttonuntilToneGeneratorisdisplayed,thanpressSELbutton.
2)PressSELuntildesiredtoneisselected.Theup/downarrowkeysselectthepinorpair(s)to
carrythetone.
3)Forstrongestsignal,donotconnectremote.Duetotheshieldingeffectoftwistedpairs,the
strongestsignalisobtainedbyhavingonewireofapaircarrytone.Selectingasinglepin
insteadofapairwilldothis.
1)Connectcabletomainunit.Aremotemaybeattheotherend,butisnotrequired.
2)TurnonunitbypressingCABLEbutton.PressCABLEbuttonuntilCableLengthisdisplayed,
thenpressSELbutton.Tochangelengthunitsbetweenfeetandmeters,usesetupmode.
1.5NetworkConnectivity
-
2.1ToIDanUnknownJackorPlug-
2.2ToTestCablesOnly
2.3ToPlaceToneonaCable-
2.4ToMeasureLengthofaCable-
™
2.0STEPBYSTEPUSEINSTRUCTIONS
ApplicationHints:
LanScaper
TM
3)Pressup/downarrowstoadjustlengthconstant.Iflengthconstantisunknownforaparticular
cable,aknownlengthofcablemaybeusedtosettheconstant.Fiftyfeetormoreissuggestedto
minimizetheresolutionerror(1footin50is2%uncertainty).Connectknowncabletotesterand
changethecableconstantusingup/downarrowsuntilthelengthreadscorrectly.
1)WithLanScaper™poweredoff,connectLanScaper™toajackorplugattheworkstation
locationforwhichtheEthernetportistobelocated.
2)PressNTWRKbutton,LanScaper™willpowerupintheFlashLinkLEDmodeandconnect to
theEthernetportonaHUB,switchorNIC.Evenifnoconnectionismade,toneisgeneratedon
thecabletoaidinfindingthecablewithatonetracerattheotherend(equipmentcloset).
3)IfanEthernetlinkisactiveonthecabletheLanScaper™turnsonitslinkLEDandbegins
flashingitinunisonwiththelinkindicatoronaportoftheHUB,switchorNICattheotherend.
Toneisalsogeneratedonthecableinthiscondition,butatadifferentcadencetoindicatehaving
establishedalink.
-Ifthejackorplugisunknown,runJackIDtestfirst.The
PINGfunctionoperatesintwomodesDHCPOnandOff(Manual).ThisisselectedinSETUPby
theDHCPOn/Offoption.Nootherentriesarerequiredtoestablishcommunicationswitharouter
andaDNSserveronaDHCPnetwork.ToPINGaspecifictarget(Tg1-4),theaddressmustbe
enteredandthedesiredtargetaddressselectedinSETUPbeforestartingthePINGtest.InDHCP
Offmode,allIPconfigurationinformationmustbeenteredinSETUPfirst.(PINGSetupoption)
1)WithLanScaper™poweredoff,connecttonetwork.
2)PressNTWRKbuttonrepeatedlyuntilPINGTestisdisplayedonscreen(twopresseswhenoff).
PressSELbuttontoentertest.Severalstatusscreenswillbedisplayedwhileestablishingalink
andnegotiatingtheDHCPconfiguration.OncePINGingbegins,aPINGstatusscreenwillbe
displayed,showingacronymsforeachactiveconversation.
3)Pressleftorrightarrowstomovecurser()nexttoadeviceacronym.PressSELbuttontoview
moreinformationaboutadevice.Thereareatotalofthreescreenstoview.PressSELbuttonto
advancetothenextscreenorthescreenwilladvanceautomaticallyafter10seconds.
-TwoLanScaper™testerscanbeusedto
exerciseacablelinkwithnoadditionalequipmentbeingrequired.Thiscanalsobedonethrough
aHUBorswitchwithorwithoutanyotherequipmentbeingpresent.ThetwoLanScapers™will
bereferredtoastheValidatorandthePINGGenerator.TheValidatorusestheValidateLink
modeandthePINGGeneratorusesPINGTestmode.
1)ConnecttheValidatortooneendofthelinktobetested.
2)PressNTWRKbuttonuntilValidateLinkisdisplayed.PressSELbuttontoactivatetest.
3)InSETUP,setPINGGeneratortoDHCPOff(seeToChangePINGAddressing,below).A
specificmanualaddressdoesnotneedtobeset,thePINGGeneratorwillrecognizetheValidator
andassignaddressing.
4)ConnectthePINGGeneratortotheotherendofthelink.
5)OnthePINGGenerator,pressNTWRKbuttonuntilPINGTestisdisplayedandpressSEL
buttontobegin.
6)ThetargetorrouteracronymwillchangetoValonthePINGGeneratorwhentheValidatoris
foundandaddressingassigned.ThePINGGeneratoroperatesandaccumulatesinformationasin
thenormalPINGTest.TheValidatordisplaysapacketcountonlyonitsscreen.
2.5ToLocateanEthernetPort
2.6ToPINGDevicesonaNetwork
2.7ToValidateaCableLinkbyFunctionalTesting
LanScaper
TM
2.8ToChangePINGAddressingMode
3.1VoltageCheck-
3.2CableTestModes-
-Otheroptionsarechangedsimilarly.
1)TurnonLanScaper™bypressingPWRbuttonandpressthemiddleoftheCABLE/NTWRK
button,whichismarkedSETUP.Thepercentbatteryremainingscreenwillappearbriefly.
2)Pressdownarrowbuttonthreetimes,DHCPOnorDHCPOffshouldbedisplayed.
3)PressSELbuttontotogglebetweenonandoff.Displayedvalueiscurrentsetting.
4)PressCABLEorNTWRKtoexittoatestorpressandholdPWRbuttontopoweroff.
-TheLanScaper™isajackidentifier,cabletesterand
PINGtesterinonetester.TheLanScaper™hasabacklitLCDdisplayandeightmomentar
y
buttons.Therubberendcapatthebottomisthebatterycompartmentcover.
TheLanScaper™ispoweredonbypressinganyoneofthreebuttons:PWR,CABLEorNTWRK.
ThetesterwillturnoninthelastmodeusedbeforeturningoffifthePWRbuttonispressed.Ifthe
CABLEbuttonispressed,thetesterimmediatelystartsexecutingtheJackIDtest.Pressingthe
NTWRKbuttoncausestheBlinkLinkLEDtesttobegin.TheLanScaper™isturnedoffby
holdingdownthePWRbuttonuntilthedisplaygoesblank.Thetesterwillalsoshutoff
automatically15minutesafterthelastbuttonpressinmostmodes,30m
inutesinBlinkLinkLED
modeand60minutesinToneGeneratormode.ShortpressesofthePWRbutton,togglestheback
lightonandoff.Thebacklightturnsoffautomaticallyabout5minutesafterbeingturnedon.
Usingthebacklightincreasespowerconsumptionbybetween20%and50%.
Thereareeighttestmodesandasetupfunctionasdescribedbelow.Themodeswitchisthedouble
buttonimmediatelyabovePWR.ThetopbuttonislabeledCABLE,thebottombuttonislabeled
NTWRKandtheareabridgingthetwobuttonislabeledSETUP.Pressingamodebuttonwill
immediatelyendanycurrentlyrunning
taskandeitherbegintheexecutingthefirsttaskofanew
category(cableornetwork)ordisplaythenextmodeinthesamecategory,waitingforapressof
SELtobeginthetesting.Subsequentpressesinthesamecategoryadvancestothenextmode,
rollingovertothefirstmodewhentheendisreached,stillwaitingforSELtobegin.
Alltests,exceptJackID,startwithacheckforvoltagesonthepinsonthe
tester'sjack.Iffound,themessage“-VoltageFound-SELJackID”isdisplayed,andtheonly
optionfortheuseristopresstheSELkeytostarttheJackIDtesttodeterminewhattypeof
interface
orwhatvoltagesarepresentonthejack.Thetestermonitorsthejacktoseeifthevoltage
isremovedforfiveminutes.Theselectedtestwillcontinueifthevoltageisremoved,orthetester
willshutitselfoffafterthefiveminutes.TheexceptiontothisbehaviorisintheNetworkModes.
Whenvoltageisfoundinthesemodes,thetestercheckstoseeifitisEthernetPhantomPower.This
isavoltagewhichisconnectedtothecentertapsoftheEthernetinterfacetransformersofsome
networkequipmenttopowerremotedevices,likeIPphonesorwirelesstransceivers.Thispoweris
seenbytheLan
Scaper™asvoltagebetweenthe1-2and3-6pinpairs.Thevoltagefoundis
reportedas“EnetPwrSourceFound=xV”forseveralseconds,thenthetestproceeds
automatically.
Inmostmodes,theLanScaper™isconstantlytestingandreportingresults.
Whileitisrecommendedthatanunknownjackconnectionisalwaysverifiedbyconnectingtothe
testerwhileitispoweredoff,itisfinetoattachaknownnetworkordeadcableorjacktothetester
whileitisrunning.Inthatcase,itismostlikely,atestwillbeinprogresswhenacableconnection
ismade.
Theresultsofthetestinprogressatconnec
tiontimeareunreliable.Inmostsuchrepeatingtests,
theSELbuttonshouldbepressedtoterminatethecurrenttestandinitiateanewtest.
3.0FUNCTIONALDESCRIPTION
LanScaper
TM
3.2.1JackID-
3.2.2CableTest
3.2.3CableLength
TheJackIDtestidentifieswhatequipment,ifanyis,connectedtotheotherendof
thejackorcablebeingtested.Thetestfirstlooksforvoltagesbeingpresentontheconnectorpins.
Ifvoltagesarefoundintypicalphonelocations,testsforcurrentlevelsanddialtonearerun.From
thesetests,theLanScaper™willreportvoltageorphonetypefound.
Ifnovoltagesarepresent,testingforEthernetlinkpulsescommences.Iflinkpulsesarefound,the
advertisedcapability,thepairswithlinkpulsesandthepolarityoflinkpulsesaredisplayed.The
pairswithlinkpulsesareindicatedby
referencetothedevicethatwouldnormallypresentpulseson
thosepairstheHUB,switchorNICassumingstraightthroughcabling.Withacross-overcable
present,aNICwouldbelabeledasaHUB,etc.TheAUTOindicationisdisplayedifthedevice
connectediscapableofauto-MDI/MDI-X.Ifnopulsesarefound,butthepatternoftermination
ofthecableisthatofaninactiveEthernetdevice,itwillbedisplayedassuch.
Notfindinganyoftheabove,theLanScaper™invokesthecabletestdescribedinthenextsection,
displayingsingle-endedcabletest,fullcabletestor“NoI/OorCable”res
ults.
-Ifaremoteissensed,thetesterperformsafullcabletest.Uponcompletionof
thetest,thewiremapdisplay,IDandanyfaultsaredisplayed.Thetoplineofnumbersonthe
displayrepresentstheconnectorpinsonthemainunit.Thesecondlineofpinnumbersisthe
connectorpinnumbersoftheremote,normallybeingthesameasthetoplineforanormaldata
cable.Ifthereisamiswire,thenumbersonthesecondlinewillindicatethepinnumbersdetected.
Ifnoconnectionwasdetectedforsomeofthepins,thesecondlinewillbeblankinthosepin
locations.Ifashortisdetected,thesecond
linewillhaveaflashing'x'inthatpositionandthe
specificshortconditiondisplayedonthethirdline.Ifasplitpairisdetected,thosepinpositionson
thesecondlinewillbeflashingthepinnumbersdetectedfromtheremoteandthespecificsplit
conditiondisplayedonthethirdline.Iftherearemultipleerrorstodisplayonthethirdline,the
messagesaredisplayedinsequenceuntilallaredisplayed.TheIDiconwillhaveanumberdirectly
belowitindicatingtheremoteIDnumber.Ifnofaultsarefoundonthecable,thelengthofthecable
isdisplayed.
Ifthereisnoremote,theLanSc
aper™usesthelengthandcabletestcapabilitytomeasureacable
forshorts,opensandsplitpairs(single-endedtest).TESTandthepinnumbericonsforthepairs
beingtestedwillbeontoindicateatestinprogress.Theresultsaredisplayedasmessagesonthe
LCD.Becauseatestcantakeuptoabout5secondstocomplete,theSELbutton,which
immediatelystartsanewtest,shouldbepressedwheneveranewcableisconnected.Partialand
erroneousresultswillbedisplayeduntilacompletetestcyclehasbeenrunonacable.
-Thelengthmodemeasuresthelengthofacablebymeasuringitscapacitance
andusingthecapacitanceperunitlength(lengthconstant)tocalculatethelength.Thelengthis
displayedontheLCDalongwiththecurrentvalueofthelengthconstant.TheSELbuttonchanges
thepairbeingmeasuredina1-2,3-6,4-5,7-8andauto-selectsequence.Thepairnumberis
displayednexttothelengthexceptinauto-selectmode.Ifaselectedpairhasafault,thefault
replacesthelengthreadingontheLCD.Inauto-selectmode,thetesterautomaticallyselectsapair
withoutafault.Thelengthconstantischangedwiththeup/downarrows.TheCALiconison
whileadjustingt
heconstant.Ifnetworkterminationpatternsarefoundinthelengthmode,the
testerwilldisplay"TRingNetwork??","xbase-TNetwork?"or“Network?”(allfourlines
terminated).Ifaremoteissensed,theIDNumberisdisplayed.
LanScaper
TM
3.2.4ToneGenerator
3.3NetworkTestModes
3.3.1FlashLinkLED
3.3.2PINGTest
DHCPOnMode
-Thetonemodegeneratesaudiotonesforusewithtonetracersonallpairs,
aselectedpairoraselectedpin.Thesignalgeneratedonapairhasthesignalononepinandthe
complementofthesignalontheotherpinofthepair,yieldinganominal10voltspeak-to-peak
acrossthepair.TheSELbuttonselectsoneofthefourtonesoundsprovided.Theup/downarrows
scrollthroughthepairsandpinsthathavesignalonthem.Allpinsnotbeingdrivenareheldat
testerground.TheLanScaper™willautomaticallyturnoffin60minutes.
-TheFlashLinkLEDmodestartswiththeVoltageChecktest(seesection
above)thensearchesforlinkpulsesonthetester'sjack,automaticallyconfiguringtheinterfaceto
connecttoaHUB,switchorNIC(similartoAUTOMDI/MDI-X)ifoneisfound.Anaudiotone
signalisbeingsentdownthecable,sothecablecanbelocatedattheotherendwithatonetracer
wheneverthismodeisselected.Thetonecadenceisdifferentforanopencableversusan
establishedlinktoindicatethelinkstatus.Oncealinkisestablished,theLinkLEDonthe
LanScaper™willilluminateandbeginblinkingatthesamerateasthelinkindicatoronthedevice
attheotherend.TheLanScape
r™willautomaticallyturnoffin30minutes.
Whilethetesterissearchingforincominglinkpulses,itdisplaysthemessage“FindActiveLink.”
Oncelinkpulsesarefound,thetesterdisplays“LinkFound”andtheLinkLEDflashes.Ifthetester
detectsthattheincominglinkpulsesstop,itreports“LostLink”forseveralseconds,thenreturnsto
thesearchforlinkpulses.
-ThePINGTestoperatesinDHCPOnorDHCPOff(Manual)IPaddress
configurationmodes.Theaddressconfigurationmodeisasetupoption.Ineithercase,aTarget
devicemustbeselectedinSetup,anditsIPaddressconfirm
ed.IftheTargetaddressisontheLAN
segment,asdeterminedbytheNetmask,theTargetwillbeaddresseddirectlyontheEthernet.If
theTargetisnotlocal,PINGswillbedirectedtotheRouterforforwardingontheWANsideofthe
Router.Whenrunninginthismode,theLanScaper™willrespondtoPINGsaddressedtoitfrom
anyotherdevice.
Inthistest,theLanScaper™checksforvoltages,thensearchesforlinkpulsesonit'sjack,
automaticallyconfiguringtheinterfacetoconnecttoaHUB,switchorNIC.Onceanactivelinkis
found,thetesterconfiguresitsIPaddressparametersasselecte
dbytheuser.Oncetheparameters
areset,thetesterstartssendingoutPINGpacketstotheselectedTarget,theRouter,and(inDHCP
mode)theDNSserver.ThePINGscontinuefor15minutesafterthelastbuttonpress,afterwhich
theLanScaper™willautomaticallyturnoff.
-Afterdetectingincominglinkpulses,thetesterrequestsIPaddressparameters
usingtheDHCPprotocol.Thetesterdisplaysthemessage“DHCPRequest”andacountof
attempts.ThisprotocolrequiresaresponsefromaDHCPserveraccessibleontheLAN.Ifno
responsetoitsrequestisreceivedafter10seconds,theteste
rwillrepeatitsrequest,andincrement
thecountonthescreen.Oncethetestergetsaresponsefromaserver,itdisplaysthemessage
“Successful”.NomanualconfigurationisrequiredfortheDHCPprotocoltowork.Ifthetester
continuestocountrequests,themostlikelyproblemisthataDHCPserverisnotavailableonthe
LAN.Inthatcase,thetestermustbemanuallyconfigured.Forinformationonthatmode,seethe
DHCPOffsectionbelow.
OncetheDHCPserverhasprovidedtheLanScaper™withavaluefortheaddressthetesterwill
use(MyIP),thataddressischeckedforconflict.Theteste
rissuesanAddressResolutionProtocol
LanScaper
TM
(ARP)requestdirectedtoitsproposedMyIPaddress.AresponsetotheARPtellsthetesterthat
someotherdeviceontheLANisalreadyusingthatIPaddress.TheDHCPprotocolspecification
(RFC1541)saysthatinthecaseaserveroffersanaddressalreadyinuse,thereceiverofthat
addressshouldrejectitandrequestanother.TheLanScaper™doesnotinformtheserveraboutthe
conflict,butitdoesreportontheLCD“MyIPinuseonthisnetwork”.Ifthisisfound,thetester
willnotcontinueintothePINGstate,asusinganotherdevice'sIPaddressisnotpermissibleona
LAN.Thisconditionsh
owsthattheDHCPserverismis-configuredasitshouldreserveallIP
addressesalreadyinuseontheLAN.Thetesterwillrestartfromthisstateautomaticallyafterone
minute,orcanbemanuallyrestartedtoretrythetest.Ifmultipleretriesallendupunsuccessful,the
testermustbemanuallyconfiguredandusedintheDHCPOffmode.Inthiscase,theLAN
configurationparameterscanbeseeninSetupmodeintheLastDHCPsub-menu,includingtheIP
addressofferedtothetester,thevalueofMyIP.
AftersuccessfullyreceivingavalidIPaddress,theoperationofthetestercontinueswithth
ePING
statedescribedbelow.
-ThetesterutilizesthemanuallyenteredPINGSetupinformation.To
determinetheIPparameterconfigurationoftheLAN,theconfigurationofanotherdeviceonthat
LANmustbechecked.OnaWindowsPC,thecommand“ipconfig”canbeusedtodeterminethe
IPaddresses,Netmask,andDefaultGateway(Router)beingused.OnaLinuxcomputer,thesame
informationcanbefoundusingthe“ifconfig”and“route”commands.TheNetmaskandRouter
informationcanbeenteredjustasdisplayedonthePC.ThevalueenteredforMyIPmustbe
similar,butnotidenticaltothePC'
sIPaddress.TheNetmaskdefinestheaddressesthatmustbe
commonbetweenthePCandthetesterforittobepossibleforthemtocommunicatedirectlyonthe
sameLANsegment.AgoodguessistouseanIPaddressdifferentbyjustafewlow-orderdigitsin
thelow-orderbyteoftheIPaddress.Onceallthemanualparametersaresetup,thePINGtestcan
bestartedbypressingtheNTWRKbuttontwice,andthentheSELbutton.Onceanactivelinkis
found,thevalueenteredforMyIPischeckedforconflict.ThetesterissuesanARPrequestdirected
toitsproposedMyIPaddress.AresponsetotheARPtellsthe
testerthatsomeotherdeviceonthe
LANisalreadyusingthatIPaddress,anditreports“MyIPinuseonthisnetwork.”.The
LanScaper™willnotcontinuethePINGtest,asusinganotherdevice'sIPaddressisnot
permissibleonaLAN.Thetesterwillrestartfromthisstateautomaticallyafteroneminute,butthe
valueenteredforMyIPmustbemanuallychangedtotryadifferentIPaddresstopreventconflict.
-OnceMyIPhasbeenverifiedasavailable,ineitherDHCPOnorOffmodes,thenext
stepistoentertheactivePINGconversationstate.ThetesterLCDdisplaysthePINGStatus
screen,“Tg1-4
”(unlessdisabled),“Rtr”and“DNS”(ifDHCPOn)acronymsonthetoplineofthe
LCD,anddirectlyundertheassociatedacronym,thestatusofeachPINGconversation.Acursor
()isshownonthetoplinethatcanbemovedwiththeleft/rightarrowbuttonstoselectanyofthe
conversations.PressingtheSELbuttonwillpushdownintomoredetailaboutthatconversation.
ThefirstpressofSELwilldisplaythevalueofMyIPcurrentlyinuse.AsecondpressofSEL(or
delayofthreeseconds)willdropintothesecondpageofstatus.AthirdpressofSEL(orafter10
seconds)willdropintoathirdpageofst
atus,ifavailable,orreturntothemainPINGdisplay.Ifthe
thirdpageisdisplayed,afinalpressofSEL(orafteranother10seconds)willreturntothemain
PINGdisplay.
ThefirststepinestablishingtheconversationsistoattempttolocatetheRouterontheLAN
segment.TheLanScaper™doesthisusingtheAddressResolutionProtocol(ARP).
DHCPOff(Manual)Mode
PINGState
LanScaper
TM
ThetestersendsoutanARPpacketdirectedtotheRouter,andneedsaresponsefromtheRouter
informingthetesteroftheRouter'sMACaddress.Duringthisphase,“ARP”willflashunderthe
“Rtr”acronym.IfnoresponseisreceivedtotheARPrequest,thetesterwillrepeattherequestat
varyingintervals(1-3seconds).NoresponsetotheARPcanmeanthattheIPaddressassignedto
theRouterisnotcorrect,theRouterisnon-functional,orthatitisnotaccessibleontheLANdueto
someotherproblem.IftheRtrconversationisselected,andtheSELbuttonpressed,thestatus
displayedis“NoARPresponse”.
OncetheRouterMACaddressisfound,theLanScaper™beginssendingICMPechorequest
(PING)packetstotheRouter.ThestatusdisplayedundertheRtracronymchangesto|withthe
Symbolbouncingbackandforthacrossthenet(|).EachtimethetestersendsaPINGrequest,
theisshownontheleftsideofthenet.Eachtimearesponseisreceived,thebouncestothe
otherside.Ifnoshowsontheright,whileitisblinkingontheleft,itmeansthatthetesteris
sending,buttheRouterisnotanswering.SelectingtheRtracronymandpressingSELtwicewill
showthepresentIPaddressfortherouteronthetoplineandthecountoftheX(transmit)andR
(receive)packets.IfnoPINGresponsehasbeenreceived,thestatusis“NoPINGResponse.”
MissingReceivepacketscanmeanthattheLANortheRouterisbusy,orthatthereissomeother
problemontheLAN.PressingtheSELbuttonagainwilldropdowntothethirdstatusscreen
whichshowsthetimebetweenthetransmissionofthelastreceivedPINGpacketanditsreception
timeonthetoplineoftheLCD,andtheaveragetimebetweentransmissionandreceptionofall
PINGpacketstotherouterinthisconversationonthebottomline.
TheTargetIPaddresscaneitherbeontheLANsegmentorremote.IftheTargetisontheLAN,the
statusoftheLanScaper™TargetconversationwillbeasdescribedfortheRouterabove.Intheoff
localsegmentcase,wherethePINGpacketsneedstobesenttotheRoutertobeforwarded,thereis
anadditionalstepnecessaryandstatusdisplayed.WhentheRouterisrequiredforTarget
conversation,thestatusshownfortheTargetis“---“whilethetesterisattemptingtocontactthe
Router.ThedetailedstatusfortheTargetis“NoRtrresponse.”InthecasewheretheTargetis
remote,andanARPresponsehasbeenreceivedfromtheRouter,theTargetPINGpacketsaresent
totheRouterwhichisexpectedtoforwardthemontotheTarget.Ifnoresponseisreturnedfrom
theTarget,possiblecausesaretheTargetcannotbereachedduetonetworkproblems,theTargetis
notresponsive,orthatthedevicethatisactiveattheIPaddressselectedfortheRouterisnota
Router,andisnotforwardingthepackets.
TheDNSconversationisonlyactivewhenPINGtestisrunintheDHCPOnmodebecausethe
DNSIPaddressisonlyavailablefromtheDHCPserver.(Notethatifknown,theDNSserverIP
addresscanbeentered asaTargetandPINGedlikeanyotherTarget.)TheDNSservercanbelocal
orremote,likeaTarget.TheDNSconversationstatusissimilartoaTargetconversationstatus.
InmostsmallLANconfigurations,theDNSserverwillbearemotedevice,andsuccessful
PINGingtoitwillverifyproperLANoperationandInternetconnectivity.
Thetesterwillshutoffautomaticallyabout15minutesafterthelastbuttonpress.Theusercanalso
terminatethetestbypressingtheCABLE,NTWRKorPWRbuttons. Inanyofthesecases,the
LanScaperwillissueaDHCPreleaserequesttotheDHCPserverwheninDHCPOnmode.This
ispreferabletosimplydisconnectingthecabletoterminatethetestbecausetheaddressassignedto
theLanScaper™willnotbeavailableforassignmenttoanotherdevice.
TM
LanScaper
TM
3.3.3ValidateLink-
-
4.1TargetSetupSub-Menu-
ThismodeallowstwoLanScaper™testerstobeconnecteddirectlytoeach
otheronacablewithnootherequipmentrequired.Nospecialconfigurationofthetestersis
requiredotherthantoputthemintothetestmodesasdescribed.Thisallowsacableruntobe
verifiedafterinstallation.OneLanScaper™isputintoValidateLinkmode(Validator),whilethe
otheroneisputintoPINGtestwithDHCPOff(PINGGenerator).TheValidatorwillbelockedin
NICmode,generatinglinkpulsesthatthePINGGeneratorcanreceivetoallowittotakeonthe
HUBcableconfiguration.OncethePINGGeneratorde
tectstheLinkpulses,itwillgointothe
activePINGstateandstartgeneratingARPpackets,attemptingtoconnecttoboththemanually
configuredTargetandRouterIPaddresses.TheValidatorwillreceivetheARPrequests,andwait
untilitgetsseveralrequestsforthesameIPaddress,whilenotreceivinganyresponsesfrom
anotherdevicetothatIPaddress.TheValidatorwillthenassumethatIPaddress,andrespondto
theARP.ThePINGGeneratorthenstartstoPINGtheIPaddressthattheValidatorhasresponded
to.TheValidatorrespondstothePING,butmodifiesthepacketinsteadofmer
elycopyingit,so
thatthePINGGeneratorcanrecognizewhenitiscommunicatingwithaValidator.WhenthePING
GeneratorrecognizestheValidator'sresponse,itwillchangeit'sPINGstatusacronymdisplayto
“Val”,andterminatethePINGconversationtotheotherIPaddressitisconfiguredfor.Oncethis
negotiationiscomplete,theValidatorwillshowacountofPINGsreceived,andthePING
GeneratorwilldisplaythenormalPINGstatusscreensformonitoringtheprogressofthetest.
TheValidateLinktestcanalsobeusedonanEthernetinstallationwithotheractivedevices.Since
th
eValidatorverifiesthattheIPaddressitwillassumeisnotrespondingonthenetwork,itwillnot
interferewithotherdevicesontheLAN.ThePINGGeneratormustbesetupinDHCPOffmode,
anditsmanualIPconfigurationmustbesetuptoaddressIPaddressesnotinuseonthatLAN.For
example,theactiveTargetaddresscouldbeonthesameLANsegmentasMyIP.Or,theRouterIP
addresscouldbesettoanun-usedIPaddressonthatLAN.ThePINGGeneratorcouldevenbe
setupwithIPaddressesthatarenotinuseonthatLAN,andstillcommunicatewiththeValidator.
TheSetupModeisprovidedtosetuser selectableoptionsandpresent
informationthatisusefultotheuser.EnteringSETUPisdonebypressingthecenterofthe
CABLE/NTWRKbuttons,whichactuallyactivatesbothbuttonssimultaneously.Theestimated
batteryliferemainingisdisplayedbrieflywheneverSETUPmodeisentered.Themainselect
menuisscrolledthroughusingtheup/downarrowbuttons.Thereareseveralsub-menusthatare
accessedbypressingtheSELbuttonwhenthesub-menutitleisdisplayed.
Thisisthesub-menutitlescreenfortheselectionandIPaddress
configurationofthefouravailableTargetIPaddr
essstoragelocations.OnlyoneTargetcanbe
activeatatimeforthePINGtestmode.PressingtheSELbuttonmovestheLanScaper™intothe
Targetselectionscreen.Theup/downarrowbuttonsscrollthroughthefivesetableoptions.Oneof
thefourstoredtargetaddressescanbeselected,ortheTargetPINGcanbedisabled.Thissub-menu
canbeexitedbypressingSEL(takingthetesterbacktothesub-menutitlescreen),orbypressing
CABLEorNTWRKtoenteratestmode.ExitingthismenuwillleavethedisplayedTargetasthe
activeone.
WhenoneofthefourTargetsisdisplayedonthescreen,theS
ELbuttoncanbeusedtodropintothe
editIPaddressscreenforthatTarget.TheIPaddressiseditedbymovingthecursorleftandright
usingtheleft/rightarrowbuttons,andthenchangingthedigitabovethecursorusingtheup/down
arrowbuttons.NotetheIPaddressisdisplayedinthetypicaldecimaldotformat.
4.0SETUPMODE
LanScaper
TM
Eachofthefourdecimalnumbersseparatedbyperiodsrepresentsonehexadecimalbyteofthefour
byteIPaddress,andcanonlytakeonthevaluesbetween0-255.Eachdigitinthedecimalnumber
canonlybesettoavaluevalidforthatposition.Thus,thehighorderdigitinanyofthedecimal
numberscanonlybesetto0,1,or2.Inaddition,eachdigitcanonlybesettoavalidvaluein
relationtothelow-orderdigitsinthatnumber.Thehighorderdigitcanonlybesetto2ifthelow
orderdigitsarelessthan55.ThedesiredIPaddressmayhavetobeenteredfromrighttoleftto
allowtheloworderdigitst
obesetpriortothehighorderdigit.AnyIPaddresscanbeenteredfora
Target,eitheronorofftheLANsegment,even“reserved”IPaddressescanbeentered.Thissub-
menucanbeexitedbypressingSEL(takingthetesterbacktothesub-menutitlescreen),orby
pressingCABLEorNTWRKtoenteratestmode.Exitingthismenuwillleavethedisplayed
Targetastheactiveone.
Thisisthesub-menutitlescreenfortheIPaddressconfigurationof
theDHCPOff(Manual)PINGtestmode.Thesettingsofthesevaluesinteractwitheachotherto
forcetheRouterIPaddresstobeaccessibleonthesameLANsegm
entastheLanScaper™.Anoff-
LANroutercannotbeaddressedbythetester,andthereforeisnotausefulsetupoption.Pressing
theSELbuttondropsthetesterintothemanualIPconfigurationscreens.Theup/downarrow
buttonsscrollthroughtheoptionsinthissub-menu.Thissub-menuisexitedbyscrollingtothe
“SeltogotoMainMenu”screenandpressingSEL,orbypressingCABLEorNTWRKtoexittoa
testmode.
Whenoneoftheoptionscreensisdisplayed,pressingtheSELbuttondropsthetesterintotheedit
IPaddressscreenforthatoption.Notethatthetester'sIPaddress,MyIP,canonlyb
esettonon-
reservedIPaddresses.Thisisanyaddressotherthan0.0.0.0,or224-255.x.x.x.MyIPiseditedina
similarfashiontotheTargetIPaddressesdescribedabove.TheRouterIPaddressisalsoeditedina
similarfashiontotheTarget's.Inaddition,theRouterIPaddressisforcedtobeonthesameLAN
segmentasMyIP.ThismeansthattheNetmask,whosebitsdefinetheLANsegment,iscompared
withMyIP,andthebitsthatmustbecommonbetweenMyIPandtheRouterIPareforcedtothe
correctstate.ThecheckoftheRouter'saddressisdonewheneverMyIP,theRouterIP,orthe
Netmaskareedi
ted.TheNetmaskisaspecialsetofnumbersthataresimilartoanIPaddress,but
mustbeastringof1's,fromthehighestorderbitdown,definingthebitsthatmustmatchbetween
MyIPandanydeviceittriestoaccessontheLANsegment.IftheIPaddressbitsmatch,thedevice
isontheLANsegment,andcanbeaddresseddirectly.Iftheydonotmatch,thetestermustredirect
it'sIPpackettotheRouterforforwarding.EditingtheNetmaskislimitedtosettingvalidbit
combinationsthatallowforLANsegmentswith5to253possibledevices.
Thissub-menuallowstheusertoviewtheresultsofthemostrecentDHCP
negotiationbetweentheLanScaper™andaDHCPserver.Thevaluesdisplayedcannotbe
modified,onlyviewedtodeterminetheconfigurationoftheLANsegmentundertest.Pressingthe
SELbuttondropsthetesterintotheDHCPdisplayscreens.Theup/downarroworSELbuttons
scrollthroughthescreensinthissub-menu.Theinformationobtainedforeachiteminthesub-
menucanbeviewedbypressingtheSELbutton.Any000.000.000.000entriesmeanthatthelast
DHCPserverdidnotprovidetherequestedinformation.Ifallentriesare000.000.000.000,the
mostlikelycauseistha
tDHCPOnmodewasselected,buttheLANdidnotprovideaDHCP
server.Thissub-menuisexitedbyscrollingtothe“SeltogotoMainMenu”screenandpressing
SEL,orbypressingCABLEorNTWRKtoexittoatestmode.
4.2PINGSetupSub-Menu-
4.3LastDHCP-
LanScaper
TM
4.4DHCPOn/Off-
4.5MACadd-
4.6Units-Feet/Meters-
ARPreceived
DHCPRequest-
Attempt-
Successful-
FindActiveLink-
LinkFound-
LinkNotFound
LinkwordErr-
LostLink-
Thisisasimpleon-offselectionmadeusingtheSELbutton.Thelast
displayedstateistheselectedstate.DHCPisaprotocolnegotiationusedtoautomatically
configuretheIPparametersoftheLanScaper™onaspecificLANsegment.WithDHCPOn,the
nexttimethePINGtestisstarted,thetesterwillrequestIPparametersitneedsforLAN
communicationfromaDHCPserveronthatLANsegment.Ifaresponsefromaserverisreceived,
thetesterwillconfigureitselfwiththeacquiredparametersandstarttoPING.NotethattheonlyIP
parameternotreceivedfromthehostistheTargetIPaddress,w
hichisalwaysmanuallyentered.If
noresponseisreceived,thetestercannotdoanyPINGingonthatLAN.Inthatcase,thePING
setupmustbemanuallyentered,andtheDHCPOffstatemustbeselected.ThenextPINGtestwill
thenattempttocommunicatewiththemanuallyenteredparameters.Whenusedasasourcefor
PINGstoanotherLanScaper™intheValidatormode,thePINGGeneratorLanScaper™mustbein
DHCPOff(manual)mode.
Thisisadisplay-onlyofthefactory-setMediaAccessControlnumberforthe
specificLanScaper™unit.AllEthernet-interfaceddevicesmusthaveauniversally-uni
queidentifier
tobeusedastheiraddress.Thisinformationisprovidedasaconveniencetotheuser.
ThisisasimpleselectionmadewiththeSELbuttontochoosewhetherthe
testerdisplaysthecablelengthitmeasuresinfeetormeters.Thelengthconstantisconvertedto
thenewunits.
-InValidateLinkmode,thisstatusshowsthatthetesterhasdetectedanotheractive
LanScaper™tryingtostartaPINGconversation.Thisstatusflashesforafewsecondswhilethe
unitsnegotiateanIPaddresstheycanusetoPINGeachother.
InthePINGtestwithDHCPOn,theLanScaper™displaysthismessageonthe
firstlinewhileitistryingtogettherequiredinformationfromaDHCPserver.Thesecondline
displays:
countofDHCPrequestssentout,ifthisnumbercontinuestoincrement,noresponse
isbeingreceived.
Showsforashorttimeaftertheserverrespondstotherequest.
ThetesterissearchingforincomingLinkpulseswhilewaitingtostartanactive
test.FlashLinkLEDandPINGtestmodesneedtobeconnectedtoanactivenetworkinorderto
run.Inthesemodes,thisstatusisdisplayedwhilethetesterissearchingboththe1-2and3-6pairs
forincomingEthernetLinkpulses.IntheValid
ateLinkmode,theLanScaper™assumesanactive
NICconfiguration,generatingLinkpulsesonthe1-2pair.ThisallowsanotherLanScaper™tobe
connecteddirectlytoit.
StatusdisplayedwhilesearchingforLinkpulsesafteranincomingsignalhasbeen
detected.
-StatusdisplayedwhilesearchingforLinkpulsesandnothinghasbeendetected.
TheLinkwordcapturedbytheLanScaper™duringJackIDtestfromanattached
100MbitEthernetdevicedecodedanunrecognizedvalue.Mayindicateacableproblemora
hardwareproblemwiththeconnecteddevice.
Atestwasactive,afterhavingfoundincomingLinkpulses,buttheystoppedbeing
received.Possiblyduetothecablebeingdisconnectedortheconnecteddevicebeingshutoff.
5.0STATUSANDERRORMESSAGESFORNETWORKTESTMODES
LanScaper
TM
NICiniterr-
NICRxoverrun-
NICTxtimeout
NoIPaddress-
PacketRcvErr-
PINGTestDetailedStatusMessages-
IPadd=DNSadd
IPadd=Rtradd
NoARPResponse-
NoPINGResponse-
NoRtrResponse
NoRouterIP
RtrmustbeonMyIPLANsegment
VoltageFound,SELJackID
.
EnetPwrsourceFound=xV
TheEthernetinterfacechipusedintheLanScaper™reportedaproblemtotheCPU
duringinternalinitialization.Maybecausedbyahardwareprobleminsidethetester.
TheEthernetinterfacechipusedintheLanScaper™providesinternalbuffering
formultiplepackets.Ifnewpacketsarereceivedfasterthantheycanbeprocessed,theEthernet
chipdiscardsthenewpacketsandsetstheOverrunerrorflag.Thetesterdetectsandreportsthis
error.MaybecausedbyexcessivebroadcasttrafficontheLAN,orbyexternallygeneratedpackets
addressedtothetester'sIPaddress.
-TheEthernet interfacechipusedintheLanScaper™wasnotabletotransmita
packetwithinthetimeallowed.Maybecausedbyahardwareprobleminsidethetester,aproblem
withtheattachedcable,hardwareproblemswiththeconnecteddevice,excessiveLANtrafficor
collisionsontheLAN.
TheDHCPserverrespondedtothetesterDHCPrequest,butdidnotprovideanIP
addressforMyIP.
AnEthernetpacketwasreceivedbytheLanScaper™witherrorsintheheaderor
packetdata.MaybecausedbyexcessivesignalnoiseontheEthernetcableorahardwareproblem
withthedevicetransmittingtothetester.
these messagesmaybedisplayedwhentheSELbuttonis
usedtoaccessthestatusdetailsduringactivePINGing.
-TheactiveTargetIPaddressisthesameastheDNSServerIPaddress,so
theTargetPINGisautomaticallydisabled.
-TheactiveTargetIPaddressisthesameastheRouterIPaddress,sothe
TargetPINGisautomaticallydisabled.
TheIPaddressactiveforthisconversationisbeingARP'edbutisnot
responding.TheIPaddressmaybeunused,thedevicemaybepoweredoffornotconnected.
TheIPaddressactiveforthisconversationisnotrespondingtoPING
requests.Iftheaddresseddeviceis ontheLANsegment,itmaybepoweredoffornot
connected.Iftheaddresseddeviceisremote,itmaybeinaccessibleduetoWANproblems,it
maybepoweredofforthedeviceattheRouterIPaddressmaynotbeforwardingthePING
packets.
-TheIPaddressisofftheLAN,requiringthePINGtogothroughtheRouter,
buttheRouterIPaddressisnotrespondingtoARP.
-TheDHCPserverdidnotprovideanIPaddressfortheRouter
-DisplayedinSetupwhilesettingtheManualRouterIP
address.TheLanScaper™requiresthattheRouterbeatanIPaddressontheLANsegmentas
definedbytheNetmaskandMyIPaddres
ses.SetupwillnotallowtheRouterIPaddresstobesetto
anoff-LANaddress.
-ThetesterdoesnotoperateinNetworkmodeswhenvoltage,and
possiblydestructivepower,isfound.Voltagesfoundwillterminatethetestinprogressandtheonly
optionistoruntheJackIDtest(bypressingSEL).Theonlyexceptiontothisisthepossibilityof
anEthernetpowersourceprovidingpowerbetweenthe1-2and3-6pairs.Inthatcase,the
followingmessagewillbedisplayed
-SomedevicesprovidepowerforIP-phonesorwireless
transceiversonthesamewiresthatcarrytheEthernetdatasignals.Theyd
othisbyconnectinga
voltagetothecenter-tapsofeachtransformerintheirEthernetinterface.TheLanScaper™reports
thisandallowstheNetworktestingtocontinue.
LanScaper
TM
6.0INTERPETINGCABLETESTRESULTS
-
DefinitionofErrors-
Short
Miswire
fromto
reversepair
SplitPair
ThePASSiconwillbeonifthecablehasall
pinsproperlyconnectedperT568A/B.Neithericonwillbeonifthecableiscross-over(uplink)
cable.TheFAILiconwillbeonifthereisanyothercondition.SeeFigure6.1,Examplesof
WiringErrors.
Thethreeclassesoffaultsdiscussedbelowareinorderofseverity.The
severityhastodowiththeabilityofamoresevereerrortomasklowerseverityerrors.For
example,ifthereisashortinthecable,miswiresandsplitspairsmaynotbedetectedforthepairs
involvedintheshortfault.
-Thepairhasalowresistanceconnectionfromonewireofthepairtotheotherwireofthe
pair,toanyotherwireinthecableortheshield.Ashortwhiletestingwitharemoteisindicatedby
theFAILiconbeingonandflashingx'sintheappropriatepinpositionofthesecondlineofpin
numbersplusoneormoreerrormessagelineslistingallthepinsshortedtogether.Inthesingle-
endedtestmode,theerrormessagesonlyaredisplayed.
-Awireorbothwiresofapairarenotconnectedtothecorrectpinsattheotherendofthe
cable.Whiletestingwitharemote,thewiremapshowsthepinnumbersline1(main)line
2(remote).Aisaspecialcaseofamiswireinwhic
hthepairiswiredtothecorrect
pairofpinsortoanotherdesignatedpairofpins,butthetwoleadsarereversed.Insingle-endedtest
mode,thesetypesoferrorsarenotdetectable.
-Asplitpairisanerrorinthetwistingofthewirestogetherwithinthecable.Thecables
generallyaremadeupofeightwirestwistedtogetherin4pairs.These4pairsaredesignatedas
pairsbythewiringstandardsandareintendedtocarryasignalanditsreturn.1&2,3&6,4&5and
7&8arethepairsdesignatedbyT568A/BforaRJ45jackorplug.Acablecanbewiredwith
correctcontinuitybutnotwithcorrectpairin
g.Thismostoftenhappenswhenthecableis
terminatedconsistentlyatbothends,butinthewrongorder.AdynamicorACtestisrequiredto
detectthistypeoferror.
Whiletestingwitharemote,the
pinnumbersonthesecondlineofthewiremapwithsplitpairsflashandanerrormessageis
displayedlistingthepinnumbersofthepairsinvolvedintheerror.Inthesingle-endedtestmode,
theerrormessageisdisplayed.
Iftheonlyerrorisasplitpairerror,thecablehascorrectcontinuity.If
crosstalkisnotaconcern,asinflatsatincable,thecableisgood.
LanScaper
TM
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
SHORT
T568A/BPassingCable(unshielded)
(1nottwistedwith2;3nottwistedwith6)
Fig.6.1ExamplesofWiringErrors(shielded)
12345678SID
12345678S ID
12345678 ID
12345678S ID
12345678S ID
345678S1
123456S1
123456781
13245678S1
4578S1
OPEN
Short78
Split1236
FAIL
PASS
FAIL
MISWIRE
SPLITPAIR
DARK=ON
= FLASHING
FAIL
FAIL
CableOK-53ft
LanScaper
TM
7.0MAINTENANCE
8.0SPECIFICATIONS
Whenthebatterylowiconison,thebatteryshouldbereplacedassoon
aspractical.Thetestingresultswillbecomeunreliablewhenthebatteryreachesabout5.0volts.
Toreplacethebattery:
1)Besuretesterisoff.
2)Removerubberbatterycapbypressingonedgeofthecapwiththeheelofthehanduntilthecap
popsoff.
3)Pullbatteryoutofcavityandremovebatterysnap.
4)ConnectanewAlkaline9voltbatterytobatterysnapswithinoneminute.
5)Slidebatteryintocavityandsnapcapinplace.
-Alluserdatawillbelost.
1)Turnontesterinanymode.
2)Removebatterycapanddisconnectbat
tery.
3)Waitabout10secondsandreattachbatteryleads.Lengthscreenwillappearbriefly,thantester
willshutdown.
Size:15x7.4x3.2cm(5.9x2.9x1.25inches)
Weight:200grams(7oz.)Withbattery
Operatingtemperature:0to50C(32to122F)
Storagetemperature:-30to80C(-20to176F)
Humidity:10%to90%,non-condensing
(9VAlkalinebattery,typical)timesareforthefullcapacityofthebatteryused
continuouslyinoneofthefollowingmodes:
Standby:2.5years
CableTesting:50hours,nobacklight
27hours,50%backlight
NetworkTesting:15hours,nobacklight
14hours,50%backlight
shieldedorunshielded,Cat5E,Cat5,Cat4,Cat3andcoax
1meter(3feet)
1.25meter(4feet)
(CAT5/6)0to457meters(0to1500feet)
7.1BatteryReplacement-
7.2ToResettheprocessor
PhysicalDimensions-
Environmental-
BatteryLife-
CableTypes:
Minimumcablelengthfortestingforsplitpairs:
Minimumcablelengthforsingle-endedcabletest:
Lengthmeasurementrange:
Topreserveusersetdata,theunitmustbeoffandthebatterydisconnectedfornomorethanone
minute.
Wheninstallinganewbatteryorresettingtheprocessor
.Thelengthandsingle-endedtestmodeswillbeimproperlycalibratedifacableispresent
whenthebatteryisconnected.
,disconnectanycablesconnectedtothe
tester
OO
OO
LanScaper
TM
AppendixA:GlossaryofNetworkingTerms
10Base-T
100Base-Tx
Cross-OverCable
HUB
MAC
MDI/MDI-X
-TheearliestdefinitionofEthernetwasfor10MillionBitspersecond,10Mbps.The
Ethernetspecificationdefinedseveraldifferentcablingschemes,includingT568A/B(4-pairsof
wire)andcoaxwiring.The10in10Base-Tdefines10MbpsandtheBase-TdefinesT568A/B,
CAT3cabling.10Base-2defines10Mbpsovercoax.NotethattheLanScaper™PINGmode
worksin10Base-T.Itreliesonthelegacycompatibilitybuiltintoall100Base-Txequipmentto
communicate.TheLanScaper™reportsthisinJackIDmodeas10Base-T.
-AnewerEthernetspecificationdefines100Mbpsdatarateasanupgradeforhigher
networkbandwidth.Severaldifferentcableschemesaredefinedfor100Mbps.The100in100
Base-Txdefinesthedatarateas100MillionBitspersecond.TheBase-Txdefinesthecable
schemeas2-pairsofwiresinaT568A/B,CAT5cable.NotethattheLanScaper™PINGmode
worksin10Base-T.Itreliesonthelegacycompatibilitybuiltintoall100Base-Txequipmentto
communicate.
OneothercableschemedefinedasBase-T4uses4pairsofwiresinT568A/B,CAT3orCAT5
cable. VeryfewEthernetdevicesusethisscheme,asthe2-pair(-Tx)schemedominatesthemarket.
TheLanScaper™canr
ecognizeandreportthiscapabilityintheJackIDmode,butitdoesnot
operateinthismode.TheLanScaper™reportsthisinJackIDmodeas100Base-T4.
-AnEthernetT568A/Bcablewhichconnectsthe1-2pairononeendtothe3-6
pairontheother.ThisallowsaNICdevicetoconnectdirectlytoanotherNICdevice,orHUBtoa
HUB.TheseareoftenusedtoconnectoneHUB(orswitch)toanotherHUB(orswitch)toenable
LANexpansion.NotethatifoneoftheHUBshasan"UPLINK"connector,thatconnectorcanbe
usedwithastraightthroughcabletoconnectanormalHUBporttothe"UPLINK"port.
-Ethernetphysicalwiringisdoneonapoint-pointmechanism,butanEthernetnetworkisa
starnetwork,whereanydevicecancommunicatedirectlywithanyotherdeviceonthatnetwork.A
HUBisphysicaldevicethathasmultipleEthernetconnectors(ports)onit.Inside,theHUB
receivesincomingdatafromanyofitsportsandthentransmitswhatitreceivesbackoutonallits
ports.Thus,allcommunicationsbetweenalldevicesisvisibletoallotherdevicesonthatLAN.
TheHUBhasnoIPorMACaddressofit'sown.Itisthus,a"transparent"devicethatmerely
enablesmultipleEthernetdevicestocommunic
atebetweenthemselves.
HUBsaretypicallyolderEthernetdevicesthatare10BaseT.Most10/100HUBlikedevicesare
nowswitches(seedefinition).LanScaper™usesHUBasadefinitionforaspecificEthernet
connectionpinassignmentthatallowsittoconnectdirectlytoaNICdeviceusingastraightthrough
cable.
=MediaAccessControl-Protocoldefinedforaddressingnetwork-interfacesonaunique
basis.EachmanufacturerofelectronicdevicesthatinterfacetoaMAC-controlledmechanism(like
Ethernet)mustregisterwiththeIEEEandgetasetofuniqueaddresses.Eachdevicetha
t
manufacturerbuildsisassignedasingleaddressfromthatmanufacturer'ssetofaddresses.Ethernet
willnotworkproperlyifmorethanonedeviceontheLANhasthesameMACaddress.
=MediumDependentInterface,XforCrossover-Thephysicalcableinterface
definedinIEEE802.3iscalledMDIononeendandMDI-Xontheotherend.TheLanScaper™
referstotheseconnectorsasNICandHUBrespectively.ArecentdevelopmentinEthernetdevices
istheabilitytodeterminewhattypeofdeviceisconnectedontheotherendofthecableandadjust
itselftocommunicateproperly.HPinventedthisan
dcallsit“AutoMDI/MDI-X”.The
LanScaper™willrecognizeandreportthistypeofdeviceasanAUTOdeviceinJackIDmode.
LanScaper
TM
NIC
Polarity
Straight-ThroughCable
Switch
T568A/B
UPLINK
=NetworkInterfaceCard-TypicallyanoptioncardpluggedintoaPCcardslotthatprovides
anEthernetinterfaceforthatPC.LanScaper™usesthetermNICtodefinetheconnectorpinout
thatallowsfordirectconnectiontoaHUBdeviceusingastraight-throughcable.
-Ethernettransmitandreceivedriverchipsusedifferentialvoltagestoimprovenoise
immunity.Thuseachdirectionoftransmissionusesapairofwires,oneforthepositive(+)side
andtheotherforthenegative(-)side.EarlyEthernetinterfacechipswerenotdesignedto
recognizeandcompensateforreversedcablepair
s,soacrossed(+)and(-)paircouldcause
problems.ModernEthernetchipscancompensate,sothewiringisnotcritical,butthe
LanScaper™candeterminethedifference,andwillreportit.IntheJackIDmodethepolarityis
reportedasNRMorREV.
-AnEthernet(CAT5)cablewhichconnectsall4pairsinthecable
straightthroughtothecorrespondingpairsinthefarendconnector.ThisallowsaNICdeviceto
connectdirectlytoaHUBdevice.
-SimilartoaHUB,aswitchisamultipleportEthernetconnectiondevicethatallowsfor
multipleEthernetdevicestocommunicatebetweeneachother.Unl
ikeaHUB,aswitchhasinternal
logicthatdetermineswhichportaspecificMACaddressisfoundon,andonceithasdetermined
that,itonlyforwardstrafficdestinedforthataddresstothatport.Thisallowsforfewercollisions
ontheLANbynotre-transmittingeverypacketoneveryport.Multiplesimultaneouspoint-point
communicationscanpassthroughaswitchatthesametime,aslongaseachendpointisona
differentportontheswitch.
LikeaHUB,aswitch(initsprimarymode)hasnoIPorMACaddressofit'sown.Alsolikea
HUB,aswitchusesHUBpinoutonitsconnectorstoallowdirectcon
nectionstoNICinterfaces.
SwitchesaremoremoderndevicesthanHUBSandareusuallycapableof100Mbit/sec(100Base-
Tx)operation.
AsaresultoftherequirementofIEEEEthernetspecsrequiringdownwardcompatibility,all100
Mbitinterfacesmustalsosupportlegacy10Mbitcommunications.Thisresultsinarequiringa
switchtohavememorytostorepacketsreceivedat100Mbitsforretransmissionat10Mbits(Store
andForward).
-TheEIA/TIAstructuredwiringstandardsfortelecommunicationswiring.AandB
versionsareelectricallyidenticalandcannotbedistinguishedwitha
wiringtest.Thecolorcodes
andpairnumberingisdifferent,however,andcaremustbetakentouseoneversionwithina
network.AcablewiredtoAononeendandBontheotherresultsinacross-overcable.
-Aspecialconnector,oramechanicalswitch,thatchangesthepinoutofoneconnector
onaHUBorswitchtoNICpinout.Thisallowsastraight-throughcabletobeusedtoconnectone
HUB(orswitch)toanotherwhilebuildingaLAN.
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