Kistler 9217A Owner's manual

Instruction

Manual

9215A_002-936e-11.20

Low Force Sensors

Type 9215A, 9217A,

9217A1

Foreword

9215A_002-936e-11.20 Page 1

Foreword

Thank you for choosing a Kistler quality product

characterized by technical innovation, precision and long

life.

Information in this document is subject to change without

notice. Kistler reserves the right to change or improve its

products and make changes in the content without

obligation to notify any person or organization of such

changes or improvements.

protected by various intellectual property rights. For more

details visit www.kistler.com. The Kistler Group includes

Kistler Holding AG and all its subsidiaries in Europe,

Asia, the Americas and Australia.

Kistler Group

Eulachstraße 22

8408 Winterthur

Switzerland

Tel. +41 52 224 11 11

[email protected]

www.kistler.com

Type 9215A, 9217A/A1

Page 2 9215A_002-936e-11.20

Content

1.Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4

2.Important Notes ........................................................................................................................... 5

2.1For Your Safety ................................................................................................................... 5

2.2Unpacking ........................................................................................................................... 6

2.3Notes on using the Press Force Sensor ............................................................................. 6

2.4Hints on using these Operating Instructions ....................................................................... 7

3.General Description .................................................................................................................... 8

3.1What are Low Level Sensors used for? .............................................................................. 8

3.2Construction and functional principle of the low level force sensors .................................. 9

3.3Characteristics of Low Level Force Sensors ..................................................................... 10

3.3.1Seal-Tightness .................................................................................................................. 10

3.3.2Characteristics of Type 9215A .......................................................................................... 11

3.3.3Characteristics of Type 9217A/A1 .................................................................................... 12

4.Installation and Startup ............................................................................................................ 13

4.1Important ........................................................................................................................... 13

4.2Installing Low Level Force Sensors .................................................................................. 13

4.3Adaptation Possibilities ..................................................................................................... 15

4.3.1Adaptation A: Introduction of Force via Force Introducing Cap ........................................ 15

4.3.2Adaptation B: Force Introduced via Fixed Connection ..................................................... 16

4.3.3Adaptation C: Mounting with Coupling Element................................................................ 17

4.3.4Adaptation D: Mounting with Diaphragm .......................................................................... 18

4.3.5Basic Circuitry and Wiring of the Measuring Chain .......................................................... 19

4.3.6Notes on Wiring the Measuring Chain .............................................................................. 19

5.Operation .................................................................................................................................... 21

5.1Setting the Charge Amplifier ............................................................................................. 21

5.2Polarity of the Measuring Signal ....................................................................................... 21

5.3Resolution of the Measuring Signal .................................................................................. 22

5.4Quasistatic Measurements ................................................................................................ 22

5.5Tips for Good Measurands ................................................................................................ 23

6.Maintenance ............................................................................................................................... 24

6.1Recalibrating the Instrument ............................................................................................. 24

6.2Maintenance Work ............................................................................................................ 25

7.Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................................ 26

7.1Fault-Finding and Remedy ................................................................................................ 26

7.2Repairing the Low Level Force Sensor ............................................................................. 26

8.Technical Data ........................................................................................................................... 27

8.1Dimensions ....................................................................................................................... 28

8.1.1Dimensions Type 9215A ................................................................................................... 28

8.1.2Dimensions Type 9217A/A1.............................................................................................. 28

8.2Dimensions of Accessories ............................................................................................... 29

Content

9215A_002-936e-11.20 Page 3

8.2.1Dimensions of Force Introducing Cap for Types and 9217A/A1 ....................................... 29

8.2.2Dimensions of Force Introducing Cap for Type 9215A ...................................................... 29

8.2.3Dimensions of Coupling Element for Types 9217A/A1 ...................................................... 29

8.2.4Dimensions of Coupling Element for Type 9215A ............................................................. 30

8.3Accessories Included ......................................................................................................... 31

8.4Optional Accessories ......................................................................................................... 32

9.Annex .......................................................................................................................................... 33

9.1Glossary ............................................................................................................................. 33

9.2Measurement Uncertainty .................................................................................................. 36

9.3Linearity ............................................................................................................................. 37

9.4Frequency Range .............................................................................................................. 39

9.5Influence of Temperature ................................................................................................... 40

Total pages: 41

Type 9215A, 9217A/A1

9215A_002-936e-11.20 Page 4

1. Introduction

Please take the time to thoroughly read this instruction

manual. It will help you with the installation, maintenance,

and use of this product.

To the extent permitted by law Kistler does not accept

any liability if this instruction manual is not followed or

products other than those listed under Accessories are

used.

Kistler offers a wide range of products for use in

measuring technology:

 Piezoelectric sensors for measuring force, torque,

strain, pressure, acceleration, shock, vibration and

acoustic-emission

 Strain gage sensor systems for measuring force and

moment

 Piezoresistive pressure sensors and transmitters

 Signal conditioners, indicators and calibrators

 Electronic control and monitoring systems as well as

software for specific measurement applications

 Data transmission modules (telemetry)

Kistler also develops and produces measuring solutions

for the application fields engines, vehicles, manufac-

turing, plastics and biomechanics sectors.

Our product and application brochures will provide you

with an overview of our product range. Detailed data

sheets are available for almost all products.

If you need additional help beyond what can be found

either on-line or in this manual, please contact Kistler's

extensive support organization.

Important Notes

9215A_002-936e-11.20 Page 5

2. Important Notes

It is essential for you to study the following notes, which

are for your personal safety during work, and to ensure

long term, fault-free operation of this product.

2.1 For Your Safety

 This product has been thoroughly tested and has left

the factory in a perfectly safe condition. In order to

maintain this condition and ensure safe operation,

compliance is required with the instructions and

warning notes in these Operating Instructions.

 The press force sensor must be installed, operated

and maintained only by persons who are familiar with

this product and who are adequately qualified for the

work involved.

 If it is to be assumed that safe operation is no longer

possible, the equipment must be shut down and made

safe against being accidentally started up.

Safe operation must be assumed to be no longer

possible when the product

 shows visible signs of damage,

 has been overloaded,

 is no longer operating,

 has been in lengthy storage under unsuitable

conditions and,

 has been subjected to rough transport conditions.

Install the low level force sensor in position as pre-

scribed. Details can be found in Section 4.2 "Installing

the low level force sensor".

Secure all parts mounted on the low level force sensor

according to anticipated moments!

Type 9215A, 9217A/A1

Page 6 9215A_002-936e-11.20

2.2 Unpacking

Check all packaging for transport damage. Report any

such damage to the transporters and to the authorized

Kistler distributor.

Check accessories delivered (see Section 8.3) before

first use of the equipment. Report any missing parts to

the authorized Kistler distributor.

2.3 Notes on using the Press Force Sensor

 The low level force sensor must be used only under

the environmental and operating conditions specified.

 With piezoelectric sensors, insulation resistance is of

crucial importance; it must be approx. 1014  (but not

less than 5ꞏ1013 ).

 In order to preserve this value, all plug-and-socket

connections must be kept absolutely clean and dry.

The insulation resistance can be measured with the

insulation tester Type 5493.

 Protect the connector of the press force sensor

against contamination and on no account touch it with

your fingers (connector front). Fit the cover supplied

over the connector when it is not in use.

 A high-insulation cable is used to connect the low

level force sensor to a charge amplifier. Once

attached, it should if possible remain connected to the

sensor. Use only specified connecting cables.

 Protect the low level force sensor when it is not in use

by storing it in its original packaging.

Low level force sensors are sensitive measuring instru-

ments, which must be carefully handled. Since they do

not have mechanical overload protection, jolts and

shocks must be avoided!

Important Notes

9215A_002-936e-11.20 Page 7

2.4 Hints on using these Operating Instructions

We recommend that you read the entire operating

instructions carefully. However, if you are in a hurry and

already have experience with Kistler low level force

sensors, read the specific information needed.

We have attempted to give these instructions a clear

presentation to make it easier for you to gain direct

access to the information you need.

Please keep these operating instructions in a safe place

where you can retrieve them at any time.

If you lose these operating instructions, please contact

your Kistler distributor and ask them for an immediate

replacement.

Type 9215A, 9217A/A1

Page 8 9215A_002-936e-11.20

3. General Description

3.1 What are Low Level Sensors used for?

Low level force sensors are universally applicable, highly

sensitive force sensors for the measurement of quasista-

tic and dynamic tensile and compressive forces in the

range from less than 1 mN up to 50 N, 200 N or 500 N

depending on type.

The Main Areas of Application are:

Product Testing

 Switches, connectors, springs, contacts

Process monitoring

 Pressing, crimping, punching, precision cutting, deep

drawing and embossing in micromechanics

Research and development

 Miniature force plates, micro-manipulators, material

testing equipment, measurement of the impact force

of particles etc.

Kistler low level force sensors are characterized by high

rigidity and a high natural frequency. Their effective

useful frequency range is, however, determined by the

natural frequency of the entire measuring setup. Their high

resolution allows minute dynamic changes to be

measured even with relatively large forces.

The mounting thread on the case and the inner thread at

the front for the introduction of force allow adaptation to

almost any task.

Kistler low level force sensors are supplied already cali-

brated and thus ready to use.

General Description

9215A_002-936e-11.20 Page 9

3.2 Construction and functional principle of the low level force

sensors

The construction of low level force sensors Types 9215A

and 9217A/A1 is similar and is described and illustrated

here using the example of Type 9217A.

With all types, the sensor element consists of a package

of three piezoelectric crystal rods between two pressure

distribution parts, which on the basis of their specifically

matched expansion coefficient simultaneously act as a

compensation element and minimize temperature-

associated stresses. In the case of types with tensile

force range, the sensor package is under preload.

All low level force sensors are seal welded and rust-

resistant. With the cable connected and the O-ring correctly

fitted in the cable connector, the plug connection is splash-

proof with degree of protection IP65. Special cables and

connectors allow degree of protection IP67, when the

connector housing is seal-welded to the connection on the

sensor, see section 3.3.1.

A frontal, centric mounting thread is provided for precise

coaxial introduction of force.

Fig. 1: Construction

The sensor element consists of three piezoelectric trans-

versal-effect rods sensitive in the Fz direction. Under

load, a positive charge appears at the outer lateral

surfaces and a negative charge at the inner surfaces.

The latter is picked up by an electrode and fed to the

connector.

The negative charge produces a positive voltage at the

output of the charge amplifier and vice versa.

The measurement is practically displacement-free due to

the piezoelectric measuring principle and the high rigidity

of the low level force sensors.

Fig. 2: Crystal package

Outer surface

positive charge

Inner surface

negative charge

Sensor element

Mounting thread

Plug connection

Pressure distribution and

temperature compensation

Pressure distribution and

temperature

com

p

ensation

Thread for introduction of

force

Type 9215A, 9217A/A1

Page 10 9215A_002-936e-11.20

3.3 Characteristics of Low Level Force Sensors

3.3.1 Seal-Tightness

Low level force sensors are provided with a hermetically-

sealed welded case and a ceramic-insulated, gas-tight

plug connection. The seal-tightness of the sensor is

therefore determined by the plug connection and the

cable connector.

With Kistler connecting cables, both the transition

between connector and connection on the sensor and

between connector and cable are sealed with an O-ring.

With the cable connected, the low level force sensors

have the degree of protection IP65 according to

EN60529.

IP67

The degree of protection IP67 can be achieved with the

connecting cable Type 1983A..., which on the sensor

side is provided with a protective connector cover

vulcanized with cable and connector. When additionally

the connector is welded to the connection on the sensor,

the connection is permanently sealed and complies with

degree of protection IP67.

The IP degree of protection according to EN60529 is

ascertained with water. Oils, emulsions, coolant/cutting

fluids etc. mostly have a better wetting and penetration

capacity. For contact with such fluids, the degree of

protection must correspondingly be considered lower.

Vacuum

The sensors are welded at normal pressure under

protective gas and are basically gas-tight. A certain

amount of outgassing can, however, take place after a

very long period of time in a high vacuum.

Overpressure

The sum of compressive force and process force caused

by overpressure must not exceed the measuring range.

During a long period of time in a pressure atmosphere, the

situation cannot be excluded that gases will enter the

sensor and a certain pressure equalization will take place.

The tensile/compressive force caused by a vacuum or

overpressure respectively can, in an initial approximation,

be estimated as pressure difference front face of the

sensor.

General Description

9215A_002-936e-11.20 Page 11

3.3.2 Characteristics of Type 9215A

Type 9215A is the smallest sensor of the type series. The

front side introduction of force is center-aligned with a

diaphragm in the case, laterally supported and transfers

the force to a transversal quartz package. Since the latter

is mounted in the case with only minor preloading, the

result is an asymmetric measuring range. The sensor is

thus mainly designed for the measurement of compressive

forces.

Type 9215A is a miniature sensor for industry, laboratory

and research with the following characteristics:

 Very small size

 Very high rigidity and very high natural frequency

 Very low sensitivity to acceleration

 High permissible lateral force

Low level force sensors are sensitive measuring instru-

ments, which must be carefully handled. Since they do

not have mechanical overload protection, it is essential

for jolts and shocks to be avoided!

For Technical Data see section 8.

Type 9215A, 9217A/A1

Page 12 9215A_002-936e-11.20

3.3.3 Characteristics of Type 9217A/A1

The front side introduction of force is center-aligned with

a diaphragm in the case, laterally supported and transfers

the force to a transversal quartz package. This is

mounted preloaded in the case, so that tensile and

compressive forces can be measured.

Type 9217A/A1 is a rugged industrial sensor with the

following characteristics:

 Wide measuring range

 For tensile and compressive forces

 Very high sensitivity and resolution

 Large permissible bending moment

 Large permissible torque

 High permissible lateral force

Low level force sensors are sensitive measuring instru-

ments, which must be carefully handled. Since they do

not have mechanical overload protection, it is essential

for jolts and shocks to be avoided!

For Technical Data see section 8.

Installation and Startup

9215A_002-936e-11.20 Page 13

4. Installation and Startup

4.1 Important

The low level force sensors Types 9215A and 9217A/A1

are precision instruments whose specifications can be

fully utilized only when the instruments are used correctly

and the specifications are retained only when the

instruments are carefully handled. Please ensure the

following:

 Do not drop the sensor or expose it to hard impacts.

The peak force of such a shock can cause lasting

damage.

 Do not use a hammer for positioning workpieces,

since hammer blows can also cause damage.

The following sections contain information for installing

low level force sensors and for setting up the measuring

chain.

4.2 Installing Low Level Force Sensors

Please comply with the following information for the

correct mounting of low level force sensors

 The low level force sensors must be installed only by

persons who are familiar with the equipment and are

adequately qualified for this work.

 The sensor for small forces is designed for measuring

tensile and compressive forces in the longitudinal axis.1

Although additional bending moments and lateral

forces can be included to a certain extent, these

should if possible be avoided.

The connecting cable must be connected only after instal-

lation of the low level force sensor has been completed.

Because dirt on the plug connections can cause

significant measuring errors (primarily drift), the protective

plastic connector covers must always remain screwed on

at both the sensor and the cable connectors during

installation. Scrupulous care should be taken particularly

in very dirty environments.

1 Type 9215A only for compressive forces

Type 9215A, 9217A/A1

Page 14 9215A_002-936e-11.20

Fig. 3: Installation with mounting thread

Mounting Thread

Type Mounting Thread Ti

g

htenin

g

Torque

recommended maximum

9215

A

M5x0,5 0,5 Nꞏm 2 Nꞏm

9217

A

/A1 M10x1 2 Nꞏm 10 Nꞏm

Head Piece Internal Thread

Type Internal Thread Ti

g

htenin

g

Torque

size depth recommended maximum

9215

A

M2 1,7 mm 0,05 Nꞏm 0,2 Nꞏm

9217

A

/A1 M3 3 mm 0,1 Nꞏm 0,5 Nꞏm

The force is introduced at the front via the cylindrical head

piece with internal thread. The length of the screw must

be selected, so that the depth of the internal thread is

utilized as much as possible, without the screw pushing

against the base of the blind hole. The mounting

clearance should not be less than half a thread turn.

Thread for the

introduction of force

Mounting thread

Installation and Startup

9215A_002-936e-11.20 Page 15

4.3 Adaptation Possibilities

Where not otherwise indicated, the adaptation

possibilities described and their requirements apply

similarly to all low level force sensors.

4.3.1 Adaptation A: Introduction of Force via Force Introducing Cap

Fig. 4: Introduction of force via force introducing cap

FZ = Compressive force

FS = Lateral force, for maximum permissible values, see

page 27.

Compressive forces should, wherever possible, always

be introduced without a fixed front connection, e.g. with a

force introducing cap or a customer-specific probe tip.

Since there is no fixed mechanical connection between

the sensor and the introduction of force, no great

demands are made in respect of the positional tolerances

for the introduction of force in relation to the mounting

plate. By this means, harmful bending moments can be

largely prevented, at least in the case of a force acting in

a purely axial direction.

For tightening torques see section 4.2.

Fz

Fs

Force introducing

ca

p

Mounting plate

Type 9215A, 9217A/A1

Page 16 9215A_002-936e-11.20

4.3.2 Adaptation B: Force Introduced via Fixed Connection

Fig. 5: Force introduced via fixed connection

FZ = Tensile/compressive force

FS = Lateral force, for maximum permissible values see

page 27

If the force is to be applied with a fixed screw connection to

the sensor, very stringent requirements are placed on the

parallelism of mounting plate and the force applied as well

as on the rectangularity of the sensor. If possible, there-

fore, this kind of arrangement must be avoided. The

positional requirement can be met with appropriate

clearance at the screw connection for the introduction of

force.

If the construction is in itself not stress-free, this

reduces the values for permissible lateral forces,

bending moments and torques. If these are exceeded,

the sensor can be overloaded to destruction.

For tightening torques see section 4.2.

Fs

Fz

Introduction

of force

Screw connection

Mounting plate

Installation and Startup

9215A_002-936e-11.20 Page 17

4.3.3 Adaptation C: Mounting with Coupling Element

Fig. 6: Mounting with coupling element

FZ = Tensile/compressive force

FS = Lateral force, for maximum permissible values see

page 27

If the force is introduced to the sensor with the coupling

element Type 9405 via a screw connection, this can com-

pensate for deviations to a certain extent, so as to reduce

slightly the requirements for parallelism of mounting plate

and force application as well as the rectangularity of the

sensor compared with a direct screw connection. The

positional requirement can be met with appropriate clear-

ance at the screw connection for the introduction of force.

If the construction is in itself not stress-free, this

reduces the values for permissible lateral forces,

bending moments and torques. If these are exceeded,

the sensor can be overloaded to destruction.

For tightening torques see section 4.2.

Fs

FZ

Coupling element

Introduction of force

Screw connection

Mounting plate

Type 9215A, 9217A/A1

Page 18 9215A_002-936e-11.20

4.3.4 Adaptation D: Mounting with Diaphragm

Fig. 7: Mounting with diaphragm

FZ = Tensile/compressive force

FS = Lateral force, for maximum permissible values see

page 27

Lateral forces can be included and decoupled from the

tensile/compressive direction. Depending on the rigidity

of the diaphragm, similarly high requirements as with a

fixed screw connection are placed on the parallelism of

mounting plate and force application as well as on

rectangularity of the sensor. The positional requirement

can be met with appropriate clearance at the screw

connection in the diaphragm.

The diaphragm represents a force shunt arrangement

and for absolute measurements, the sensor must be

recalibrated in situ.

If the construction is in itself not stress-free, this

reduces the values for permissible lateral forces,

bending moments and torques. If these are exceeded,

the sensor can be overloaded to destruction.

For tightening torques see section 4.2.

Fs

Fz

Diaphragm

Mounting plate

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