Daniel Turbine Flow Meters-1500 Series 1 to 2.5 inch Owner's manual

  • Hello! I am an AI chatbot trained to assist you with the Daniel Turbine Flow Meters-1500 Series 1 to 2.5 inch Owner's manual. I’ve already reviewed the document and can help you find the information you need or explain it in simple terms. Just ask your questions, and providing more details will help me assist you more effectively!
User manual
P/N 3-9008-507 , Rev E
November 2017
Daniel
Series 1500 Liquid Turbine Meter
NPS 1 through 2.5
Flow Lifecycle Services for Daniel products
Location Telephone number Fax number
North America/Latin America +1.713.467.6000 +1.713.827.4805
Flow Lifecycle Services for Daniel products +1.713.827.6314 +1.713.827.6312
USA (toll free) +1.888.356.9001 +1.713.827.3380
Asia Pacific (Republic of Singapore) +65.6777.8211 +65.6777.0947.0743
Europe (Stirling Scotland, UK) +44 (0)1786.433400 +44 (0)1786.433401
Middle East Africa (Dubai, UAE) +971 4 8118100 +971 4 8865465
Daniel Measurement and Control, Inc. (Headquarters)
11100 Brittmoore Park Drive
Houston, TX 77041 USA
http://www.emerson.com/en-us
Email
Customer Service: [email protected]
Customer Support: [email protected]
Asia-Pacific: [email protected]
Europe: [email protected]
Return Material Authorization (RMA)
A Return Material Authorization (RMA) number must be obtained prior to returning any equipment for any reason. Download the
RMA form from the Support Services web page by selecting the link below.
http://www.emerson.com/en-us/automation/daniel
Signal words and symbols
Pay special attention to the following signal words, safety alert symbols and statements:
Safety alert symbol
This is a safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to potential physical injury hazards. Obey all safety messages that follow this symbol
to avoid possible injury or death.
DANGER!
Danger indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING!
Warning indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION!
Caution indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
NOTICE
Notice is used to address safety messages or practices not related to personal injury.
Important
Important is a statement the user needs to know and consider.
Tip
Tip provides information or suggestions for improved efficiency or best results.
Note
Note is “general by-the-way” content not essential to the main flow of information.
Important safety instructions
Daniel Measurement and Control, Inc. (Daniel) designs, manufactures and tests products to function within specific conditions.
Because these products are sophisticated technical instruments, it is important that the owner and operation personnel must
strictly adhere both to the information printed on the product and to all instructions provided in this manual prior to installation,
operation, and maintenance.
Daniel also urges you to integrate this manual into your training and safety program.
BE SURE ALL PERSONNEL READ AND FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS IN THIS MANUAL AND ALL NOTICES AND PRODUCT WARNINGS.
WARNING!
Failure to follow the installation, operation or maintenance instructions for a Daniel product could lead to serious injury or death
from explosion or exposure to dangerous substances.
To reduce the risk:
Comply with all information on the product, in this manual, and in any local and national codes that apply to this product.
Do not allow untrained personnel to work with this product.
Use Daniel parts and work procedures specified in this manual.
Product owners (Purchasers):
Use the correct product for the environment and pressures present. See technical data or product specifications for
limitations. If you are unsure, discuss your needs with your Daniel representative.
Inform and train all personnel in the proper installation, operation, and maintenance of this product.
To ensure safe and proper performance, only informed and trained personnel should install, operate, repair and maintain
this product.
Verify that this is the correct instruction manual for your Daniel product. If this is not the correct documentation, contact
Daniel at 1-713-827-6314. You may also download the correct manual from:
http://www.emerson.com/en-us/automation/daniel.
Save this instruction manual for future reference.
If you resell or transfer this product, it is your responsibility to forward this instruction manual along with the product to the
new owner or transferee.
ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW THE INSTALLATION, OPERATIONS, MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING MANUAL(S) AND
ALL PRODUCT WARNINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS.
Do not use this equipment for any purpose other than its intended service. This may result in property damage and/or
serious personal injury or death.
Product operation (Personnel):
To prevent personal injury, personnel must follow all instructions of this manual prior to and during operation of the
product.
Follow all warnings, cautions, and notices marked on, and supplied with, this product.
System should be designed to avoid over pressure conditions or exceeding maximum safe flow rate if meter losses
measurement.
Verify that this is the correct instruction manual for your Daniel product. If this is not the correct documentation, contact
Daniel at 1-713-827-6314. You may also download the correct manual from:
http://www.emerson.com/en-us/automation/daniel .
Read and understand all instructions and operating procedures for this product.
If you do not understand an instruction, or do not feel comfortable following the instructions, contact your Daniel
representative for clarification or assistance.
Install this product as specified in the INSTALLATION section of this manual per applicable local and national codes.
Follow all instructions during the installation, operation, and maintenance of this product.
Connect the product to the appropriate pressure and electrical sources when and where applicable. Never operate meter
above the maximum working pressure stated on the nameplate.
Ensure that all connections to pressure and electrical sources are secure prior to and during equipment operation.
Use only replacement parts specified by Daniel. Unauthorized parts and procedures can affect this product's performance,
safety, and invalidate the warranty. “Look-a-like” substitutions may result in deadly fire, explosion, release of toxic
substances or improper operation.
Save this instruction manual for future reference.
Notice
THE CONTENTS OF THIS PUBLICATION ARE PRESENTED FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, AND WHILE EVERY EFFORT HAS
BEEN MADE TO ENSURE THEIR ACCURACY, THEY ARE NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS WARRANTIES OR GUARANTEES, EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED, REGARDING THE PRODUCTS OR SERVICES DESCRIBED HEREIN OR THEIR USE OR APPLICABILITY. ALL SALES ARE GOVERNED
BY DANIEL'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS, WHICH ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR IMPROVE
THE DESIGNS OR SPECIFICATIONS OF SUCH PRODUCTS AT ANY TIME.
DANIEL DOES NOT ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE SELECTION, USE OR MAINTENANCE OF ANY PRODUCT. RESPONSIBILITY FOR
PROPER SELECTION, USE AND MAINTENANCE OF ANY DANIEL PRODUCT REMAINS SOLELY WITH THE PURCHASER AND END-USER.
TO THE BEST OF DANIEL'S KNOWLEDGE THE INFORMATION HEREIN IS COMPLETE AND ACCURATE. DANIEL MAKES NO
WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL AND, IN NO EVENT, SHALL DANIEL BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL,
PUNITIVE, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PRODUCTION, LOSS OF PROFITS,
LOSS OF REVENUE OR USE AND COSTS INCURRED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION FOR CAPITAL, FUEL AND POWER, AND CLAIMS
OF THIRD PARTIES.
PRODUCT NAMES USED HEREIN ARE FOR MANUFACTURER OR SUPPLIER IDENTIFICATION ONLY AND MAY BE TRADEMARKS/
REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF THESE COMPANIES.
Warranty and Limitations
1. LIMITED WARRANTY: Subject to the limitations contained in Section 2 herein, Daniel Measurement & Control, Inc. (“Daniel”)
warrants that the licensed firmware embodied in the Goods will execute the programming instructions provided by Daniel, and that
the Goods manufactured by Daniel will be free from defects in materials or workmanship under normal use and care and Services
will be performed by trained personnel using proper equipment and instrumentation for the particular Service provided. The
foregoing warranties will apply until the expiration of the applicable warranty period. Goods are warranted for twelve (12) months
from the date of initial installation or eighteen (18) months from the date of shipment by Daniel, whichever period expires first.
Consumables and Services are warranted for a period of 90 days from the date of shipment or completion of the Services. Products
purchased by Daniel from a third party for resale to Buyer (“Resale Products”) shall carry only the warranty extended by the original
manufacturer. Buyer agrees that Daniel has no liability for Resale Products beyond making a reasonable commercial effort to
arrange for procurement and shipping of the Resale Products. If Buyer discovers any warranty defects and notifies Daniel thereof in
writing during the applicable warranty period, Daniel shall, at its option, correct any errors that are found by Daniel in the firmware
or Services or repair or replace F.O.B. point of manufacture that portion of the Goods or firmware found by Daniel to be defective, or
refund the purchase price of the defective portion of the Goods/Services. All replacements or repairs necessitated by inadequate
maintenance, normal wear and usage, unsuitable power sources or environmental conditions, accident, misuse, improper
installation, modification, repair, use of unauthorized replacement parts, storage or handling, or any other cause not the fault of
Daniel are not covered by this limited warranty, and shall be at Buyer's expense. Daniel shall not be obligated to pay any costs or
charges incurred by Buyer or any other party except as may be agreed upon in writing in advance by Daniel. All costs of dismantling,
reinstallation and freight and the time and expenses of Daniel's personnel and representatives for site travel and diagnosis under
this warranty clause shall be borne by Buyer unless accepted in writing by Daniel. Goods repaired and parts replaced by Daniel
during the warranty period shall be in warranty for the remainder of the original warranty period or ninety (90) days, whichever is
longer. This limited warranty is the only warranty made by Daniel and can be amended only in a writing signed by Daniel. THE
WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE. THERE ARE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY
KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR ANY OTHER MATTER WITH RESPECT
TO ANY OF THE GOODS OR SERVICES. Buyer acknowledges and agrees that corrosion or erosion of materials is not covered by this
warranty.
2. LIMITATION OF REMEDY AND LIABILITY: Daniel shall not be liable for damages caused by delay in performance. The remedies of
Buyer set forth in this agreement are exclusive. In no event, regardless of the form of the claim or cause of action (whether based in
contract, infringement, negligence, strict liability, other tort or otherwise), shall Daniel's liability to Buyer and/or its customers
exceed the price to Buyer of the specific goods manufactured or services provided by Daniel giving rise to the claim or cause of
action. Buyer agrees that in no event shall Daniel's liability to Buyer and/or its customers extend to include incidental, consequential
or punitive damages. The term “consequential damages” shall include, but not be limited to, loss of anticipated profits, revenue or
use and costs incurred including without limitation for capital, fuel and power, and claims of Buyer's customers.
Contents
Part I Plan
Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................3
1.1 Purpose of this manual ................................................................................................................3
1.1.1 Description of the Series 1500 Liquid Turbine Meter (LTM) ...........................................3
1.2 Agency certifications for the Series 1500 LTM ...........................................................................24
Chapter 2 Operating conditions and specifications ...................................................................... 25
2.1 Operating conditions for the liquid turbine meter .....................................................................25
2.1.1 Design considerations ................................................................................................26
2.1.2 Environmental conditions .......................................................................................... 26
2.1.3 Operating parameters for the LTM ............................................................................. 27
2.2 Specifications for the LTM ........................................................................................................ 30
2.2.1 Interface parameters ..................................................................................................30
2.2.2 Requirements and limitations for installation ............................................................. 34
Chapter 3 Turbine meter handling ...............................................................................................37
3.1 Receive the turbine meter .........................................................................................................37
3.1.1 Unpack and inspect the turbine meter ....................................................................... 37
3.2 Store the turbine meter ............................................................................................................ 37
3.2.1 Rust inhibitor ............................................................................................................. 37
3.2.2 Pack the turbine meter ...............................................................................................37
3.2.3 Storage conditions ..................................................................................................... 37
Chapter 4 Prepare the turbine meter for use ................................................................................39
4.1 Lifting conditions ......................................................................................................................39
4.2 Lifting requirements for personnel ............................................................................................40
4.2.1 Equipment required to lift the turbine meter ..............................................................40
4.3 Configuration of the turbine meter ...........................................................................................43
4.3.1 Orientation and position of the turbine meter ............................................................44
4.3.2 Piping recommendations ........................................................................................... 44
4.3.3 Calibration options for the turbine meter ................................................................... 45
4.3.4 Preamplifier power requirements ...............................................................................45
4.3.5 Grounding ..................................................................................................................47
4.3.6 LME communication connectivity restrictions ............................................................ 48
4.3.7 RME communication connectivity restrictions ............................................................48
4.3.8 Install the security seal ............................................................................................... 49
Part II Install
Chapter 5 Installation prerequisites .............................................................................................53
5.1 Pre-start checks ........................................................................................................................ 53
5.2 Torque information .................................................................................................................. 53
5.3 Tools required for LME disassembly/assembly ...........................................................................53
Chapter 6 Installation procedure ................................................................................................. 55
Contents
User manual i
6.1 Cathodic protection ..................................................................................................................55
6.2 Mechanical components assembly ........................................................................................... 55
6.2.1 Fasteners ....................................................................................................................55
6.3 Assemble the electronic components ....................................................................................... 56
Chapter 7 Testing ........................................................................................................................59
7.1 Test the turbine meter ..............................................................................................................59
7.1.1 Commission the turbine meter .................................................................................. 59
Part III Operate
Chapter 8 Operation parameters .................................................................................................63
8.1 Operation overview .................................................................................................................. 63
8.1.1 Back pressure calculation for the LTM .........................................................................63
8.1.2 LME remote operation ................................................................................................64
Part IV Maintain
Chapter 9 Planned maintenance ..................................................................................................67
9.1 Maintenance considerations ..................................................................................................... 67
9.2 Tools required for mechanical components .............................................................................. 67
9.3 Prepare for mechanical disassembly ......................................................................................... 68
9.3.1 Disassemble internal meter housing components - NPS 1 .......................................... 69
9.3.2 Disassemble internal meter housing components - NPS 1.5, 2 and 2.5 .......................72
9.4 Mechanical assembly ................................................................................................................ 77
9.4.1 Assemble internal meter housing components - NPS 1 ...............................................77
9.4.2 Assemble internal meter housing components - NPS 1.5, 2 and 2.5 ........................... 80
9.5 Electronics enclosure disassembly ............................................................................................ 85
9.5.1 Disassemble the LME/RME - Standard enclosure .........................................................85
9.5.2 Disassemble the LME - High temperature enclosure ...................................................86
9.6 Electronics enclosure assembly .................................................................................................86
9.6.1 Assemble the LME/RME - Standard enclosure ............................................................. 86
9.6.2 Assemble the LME - High temperature enclosure ....................................................... 86
9.7 Replace the preamplifier ...........................................................................................................87
9.8 Planned maintenance tasks ...................................................................................................... 88
Chapter 10 Corrective maintenance .............................................................................................. 89
10.1 Turbine meter troubleshooting .................................................................................................89
10.2 Verify the return to operational condition .................................................................................89
Chapter 11 Spare parts ..................................................................................................................91
11.1 Recommended spare parts ....................................................................................................... 91
Chapter 12 Decommission the turbine meter ................................................................................ 93
12.1 Shut down the turbine meter ....................................................................................................93
12.2 Turbine meter disassembly/assembly ....................................................................................... 93
12.3 Shipment of the meter ..............................................................................................................94
Contents
ii Daniel Series 1500 Liquid Turbine Meter, NPS 1-2.5
Part I
Plan
Chapters covered in this part:
Introduction
Operating conditions and specifications
Turbine meter handling
Prepare the turbine meter for use
Plan
User manual 1
Plan
2 Daniel Series 1500 Liquid Turbine Meter, NPS 1-2.5
1 Introduction
Topics covered in this chapter:
Purpose of this manual
Agency certifications for the Series 1500 LTM
1.1 Purpose of this manual
Daniel Measurement and Control Inc. designed this manual to guide owners and personnel
in the installation, operation and maintenance of the Daniel
TM
Series 1500 Liquid Turbine
Meter Manual, 3-9008-507. It is imperative that product owners and operation personnel
read and follow the information contained in this manual to ensure that the turbine meter
is installed correctly and is operating according to the design, certifications and safety
considerations.
1.1.1 Description of the Series 1500 Liquid Turbine Meter
(LTM)
General features of the turbine meter
The Daniel Series 1500 Liquid Turbine Meter (LTM) is a volumetric flow metering and
transmitting device used for accurate measurement of hydrocarbons and other related
process fluids. The design allows high operational flow rates, extended flow ranges and
sustained performance capability.
The turbine meter is designed for use within the guidelines of API Manual of Petroleum
Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 5.3 and test procedures of API MPMS, Chapter 4
(Prover systems).
The meter consists of two main parts: Local Mounted Enclosure (LME) assembly and the
meter body housing assembly. For certain functions, the meter will have a Remote
Mounted Enclosure (RME), another version of the LME.
The LME is an explosion-proof, weather-resistant housing for dual pickoffs, as well as an
encapsulated preamplifier. It also serves as the mechanical mounting connection
necessary for local and remote accessories.
Note
Daniel offers electronic enclosures with different housing materials and electronic configurations.
Local Mounted Enclosure (LME)
The LME consists of an electrical enclosure and a solid cover made of stainless steel. This
configuration contains a mounting bracket and a preamplifier which works with two
standard pickoff coils mounted into the meter housing.
Introduction
User manual 3
The electrical enclosure contains an external and an internal grounding lug. The two
enclosure openings are plugged with stainless steel plugs. Refer to Chapter 2 for more
specifications.
LME - High temperature
The LME - High temperature consists of an electrical enclosure and a solid cover both made
of stainless steel. This configuration contains one mounting bracket and two high
temperature terminal blocks which are the connections between the high temperature
pickoff coils and the flex cable.
Important
The customer provides and installs a flex cable.
The flex cable is the connection between the preamplifier that is assembled into a Remote
Mounted Enclosure (RME), not more than 6 meters from the center of the meter housing
to the center of the RME.
The electrical enclosure contains an external and an internal grounding lug. The two
enclosure openings are plugged. Refer to Chapter 2.
Remote Mounted Enclosure (RME)
The RME is an electric transmitting device used primarily in the petroleum industry for
remote installation of liquid turbine meter electronics. The RME is specifically designed for
high temperature applications.
The turbine meter is ideal for applications requiring high frequency resolution.
Applications may include electronic registers, batchers, electronic presets or flow
computers.
Operation overview of the turbine meter
Metering systems combine turbine meters and electronic instrumentation to measure
volumetric total flow and/or flow rate. Metering systems are used to provide
measurement information in fluid transport, petroleum and chemical processing, custody
transfer of liquids, blending systems, in product batching and in field or plant operations.
Each turbine meter is comprised of a cylindrical housing that contains a precise
turbine rotor assembly. The magnetic pickoffs are mounted in a boss on the turbine
meter body.
As fluid passes through the turbine meter, it causes the rotor to revolve with an
angular velocity proportional to flow.
The rotor blades passing through the magnetic field of the pickoff generate a
pulsing voltage in the coil of the pickoff assembly. Each voltage pulse represents a
discrete volume. The total number of pulses collected over a period of time
represents the total volume metered.
The sinusoidal signal from each pickoff has a low amplitude and is not normally
relied upon for transmission distances over 6 meters (20 feet). The signal must,
therefore, be amplified. This is achieved with a preamplifier contained within the
LME that is mounted on the turbine meter.
Introduction
4 Daniel Series 1500 Liquid Turbine Meter, NPS 1-2.5
These pulse signals are typically transmitted to control room instrumentation, such
as flow computers, and may also be required to transmit to prover computers which
calculate, display, transmit, control or record the flow sensed by the rotor. The
results may be displayed as pulse-counts or standard engineering units, such as
gallons, liters, barrels, etc.
All Daniel Series 1500 Liquid Turbine Meters have, as standard, the LME which is
fitted with two pickoffs and a dual channel preamplifier.
The pickoff mountings are oriented so that the outputs from the pickups are 90º
electrically out of phase. The turbine meter may be supplied with two LMEs, offering
up to four pulse outputs. Alternate pairs across the two LMEs are also 90º electrically
out of phase.
Each turbine meter is precisely flow calibrated before shipment.
Parts lists for the Series 1500 LTM, Nominal Pipe Size (NPS)
1-2.5
This section includes the necessary parts required to assemble a standard unit described in
this manual.
Configurations for LME assembly - Standard enclosure, LME assembly - High temperature ,
RME assembly - Pipe mount and RME assembly - Wall mount are shown below.
Introduction
User manual 5
LME assembly - Standard enclosure
Part identification for a standard enclosureFigure 1-1:
Introduction
6 Daniel Series 1500 Liquid Turbine Meter, NPS 1-2.5
Part description for a standard enclosureTable 1-1:
Item
number Description Part number
Quantity
required
1
(1)
End cap solid 1-360-00-025 1
2
(1)
Electronics enclosure 899-10-110-60 1
3 Plug pipe hex socket 154717-019 2
4 Grounding clamp B18934-004 2
5 Mounting bracket 899-10-230-50 1
6
(2)
Socket head screw 899-10-230-52 4
7 Warning tag-Hazard 899-00-228-04 1
8 Socket head screw 899-10-230-61 2
10
(3)
2818 Dual channel preamplifier 1-504-05-550 1
11 Socket head screw 899-10-230-65 2
12
(3)
Wiring diagram for 2818 Dual channel pream-
plifier
899-10-228-07 1
13 O-ring NBR 2-4-9163-245 1
14 O-ring FKM 1500093-022 1
15 Washer plastic 1-562-01-827 1
16 Clamp cover 1-504-90-165 1
17 Socket head screw 1-555-27-001 1
(1) Enclosure housing and end cap material: stainless steel.
(2) Screw length varies on LTM sizes. The screws are not included in the part number package.
(3) 2818 Dual channel shown. For other preamplifier options refer to Section 2.2.1.
NOTICE
The joint between the LME cover and housing is a threaded joint. The joint between the LME
housing and Sensor housing is a spigot joint with a minimum axial length of 26.16 mm (1.030
in), radial length of 3.18 mm (0.125 in), and a clearance of 0.07 mm (0.0028 in).
Introduction
User manual 7
LME assembly - Internal Totalizer
Part identification for the LME with Internal TotalizerFigure 1-2:
Introduction
8 Daniel Series 1500 Liquid Turbine Meter, NPS 1-2.5
Part description for the LME with Internal TotalizerTable 1-2:
Item
number Description Part number
Quantity
required
1
(1)
Cover (SS/ALUM) 899-10-230-60/70 1
2 Electronics enclosure (SS/ALUM) 899-10-110-60/70 1
3 Plug pipe hex socket 154717-019 2
4 Grounding cap B18934-004 2
5 Mounting bracket 899-10-230-50 1
6
(2)
Socket head screw 899-10-230-52 4
7 Warning tag-Hazard 899-00-328-04 1
8 Socket head screw 899-10-230-61 4
10 2818 Dual channel preamplifier 1-504-05-550 1
11 Socket head screw 899-10-230-65 2
12
(3)
Wiring diagram for 2818 Dual channel pream-
plifier
899-10-230-69 1
13 O-ring NBR 2-4-9163-245 1
14 O-ring FKM 1500093-022 1
15 Washer plastic 1-562-01-827 1
16 Clamp cover 1-504-90-165 1
17 Socket head screw 1-555-27-001 1
19 Display and terminal block 899-10-230-30/32 1
20 Female standoff 899-10-230-63 4
21 Machine screw 899-10-230-64 4
(1) Enclosure housing and cap material: aluminum. Optional: stainless steel.
(2) Screw length varies on LTM sizes. The screwa are not included within the part number package.
(3) 2818 Dual channel shown. For other preamplifier options, refer to Section 2.2.1.
NOTICE
The joint between the LME cover and housing is a threaded joint. The joint between the LME
housing and sensor housing is a cylindrical joint which has an axial length of 25.4 mm (1 in) and
a clearance of 0.038 mm (0.0015 in).
Introduction
User manual 9
LME assembly - with Two Preamps
Part identification Two preamps configurationFigure 1-3:
Introduction
10 Daniel Series 1500 Liquid Turbine Meter, NPS 1-2.5
/