Avid Symphony Nitris 1.0 User guide

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Avid
®
Avid
®
Symphony
Nitris
®
Advanced Guide
2
Copyright and Disclaimer
Product specifications are subject to change without notice and do not represent a commitment on the part of Avid Technology,
Inc.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement. You can obtain a copy of that license by
visiting Avid's Web site at www.avid.com. The terms of that license are also available in the product in the same directory as
the software. The software may not be reverse assembled and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the
license agreement. It is against the law to copy the software on any medium except as specifically allowed in the license
agreement.
Avid products or portions thereof are protected by one or more of the following United States Patents: 4,746,994; 4,970,663;
5,045,940; 5,267,351; 5,309,528; 5,355,450; 5,396,594; 5,440,348; 5,452,378; 5,467,288; 5,513,375; 5,528,310; 5,557,423;
5,568,275; 5,577,190; 5,584,006; 5,640,601; 5,644,364; 5,654,737; 5,715,018; 5,724,605; 5,726,717; 5,729,673; 5,745,637;
5,752,029; 5,754,851; 5,799,150; 5,812,216; 5,852,435; 5,584,006; 5,905,841; 5,929,836; 5,930,445; 5,946,445; 5,987,501;
6,016,152; 6,018,337; 6,023,531; 6,058,236; 6,061,758; 6,091,778; 6,105,083; 6,118,444; 6,128,001; 6,134,607; 6,137,919;
6,141,691; 6,198,477; 6,201,531; 6,223,211; 6,249,280; 6,269,195; 6,317,158; 6,317,515; 6,330,369; 6,351,557; 6,353,862;
6,357,047; 6,392,710; 6,404,435; 6,407,775; 6,417,891; 6,426,778; 6,477,271; 6,489,969; 6,512,522; 6,532,043; 6,546,190;
6,552,731; 6,553,142; 6,570,624; 6,571,255; 6,583,824; 6,618,547; 6,636,869; 6,665,450; 6,678,461; 6,687,407; 6,704,445;
6,747,705; 6,763,134; 6,766,063; 6,791,556; 6,810,157; 6,813,622; 6,847,373; 6,871,003; 6,871,161; 6,901,211; 6,907,191;
6,928,187; 6,933,948; 6,961,801; D392,269; D396,853; D398,912. Other patents are pending.
This document is protected under copyright law. An authorized licensee of Avid Symphony Nitirs may reproduce this
publication for the licensee’s own use in learning how to use the software. This document may not be reproduced or
distributed, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes, such as selling copies of this document or providing support or
educational services to others. This document is supplied as a guide for Avid Symphony Nitirs. Reasonable care has been
taken in preparing the information it contains. However, this document may contain omissions, technical inaccuracies, or
typographical errors. Avid Technology, Inc. does not accept responsibility of any kind for customers’ losses due to the use of
this document. Product specifications are subject to change without notice.
Copyright © 2005 Avid Technology, Inc. and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The following disclaimer is required by Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics, Inc. for the use of their TIFF library:
Copyright © 1988–1997 Sam Leffler
Copyright © 1991–1997 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software [i.e., the TIFF library] and its documentation for any purpose
is hereby granted without fee, provided that (i) the above copyright notices and this permission notice appear in all copies of
the software and related documentation, and (ii) the names of Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics may not be used in any
advertising or publicity relating to the software without the specific, prior written permission of Sam Leffler and Silicon
Graphics.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS-IS” AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR
OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
IN NO EVENT SHALL SAM LEFFLER OR SILICON GRAPHICS BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE,
DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER OR NOT ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGE, AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
The following disclaimer is required by the Independent JPEG Group:
Portions of this software are based on work of the Independent JPEG Group.
The following disclaimer is required by Paradigm Matrix:
Portions of this software licensed from Paradigm Matrix.
The following disclaimer is required by Ray Sauers Associates, Inc.:
“Install-It” is licensed from Ray Sauers Associates, Inc. End-User is prohibited from taking any action to derive a source code
equivalent of “Install-It,” including by reverse assembly or reverse compilation, Ray Sauers Associates, Inc. shall in no event be
liable for any damages resulting from reseller’s failure to perform reseller’s obligation; or any damages arising from use or
operation of reseller’s products or the software; or any other damages, including but not limited to, incidental, direct, indirect,
special or consequential Damages including lost profits, or damages resulting from loss of use or inability to use reseller’s
products or the software for any reason including copyright or patent infringement, or lost data, even if Ray Sauers Associates
has been advised, knew or should have known of the possibility of such damages.
3
The following disclaimer is required by Videomedia, Inc.:
“Videomedia, Inc. makes no warranties whatsoever, either express or implied, regarding this product, including warranties with
respect to its merchantability or its fitness for any particular purpose.
“This software contains V-LAN ver. 3.0 Command Protocols which communicate with V-LAN ver. 3.0 products developed by
Videomedia, Inc. and V-LAN ver. 3.0 compatible products developed by third parties under license from Videomedia, Inc. Use
of this software will allow “frame accurate” editing control of applicable videotape recorder decks, videodisc recorders/players
and the like.
The following disclaimer is required by Altura Software, Inc. for the use of its Mac2Win software and Sample
Source Code:
©1993–1998 Altura Software, Inc.
The following disclaimer is required by Ultimatte Corporation:
Certain real-time compositing capabilities are provided under a license of such technology from Ultimatte Corporation and are
subject to copyright protection.
The following disclaimer is required by 3Prong.com Inc.:
Certain waveform and vector monitoring capabilities are provided under a license from 3Prong.com Inc.
Attn. Government User(s). Restricted Rights Legend
U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS. This Software and its documentation are “commercial computer software” or
“commercial computer software documentation.” In the event that such Software or documentation is acquired by or on behalf
of a unit or agency of the U.S. Government, all rights with respect to this Software and documentation are subject to the terms
of the License Agreement, pursuant to FAR §12.212(a) and/or DFARS §227.7202-1(a), as applicable.
Trademarks
888 I/O, Adrenaline, AirPlay, AirSPACE, AirSPACE HD, AirSpeed, AniMatte, AudioSuite, AudioVision, AutoSync, Avid,
Avid DNA, Avid DNxcel, Avid DNxHD, AVIDdrive, AVIDdrive Towers, Avid Learning Excellerator, Avid Mojo, AvidNet,
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Digital Nonlinear Accelerator, DigiTranslator, DINR, DNxchange, D-Verb, Equinox, ExpertRender, FieldPak, Film Composer,
FilmScribe, FluidMotion, HIIP, HyperSPACE, HyperSPACE HDCAM, IllusionFX, Image Independence, iNEWS,
iNEWS ControlAir, Instinct, Intraframe, iS9, iS18, iS23, iS36, LaunchPad, Lo-Fi, Magic Mask, make manage move | media,
Marquee, Matador, Maxim, MCXpress, Media Browse, Media Composer, MediaDock, MediaDock Shuttle, Media Fusion,
Media Illusion, MediaLog, Media Reader, Media Recorder, MEDIArray, MediaShare, Meridien, MetaSync, MissionControl,
NaturalMatch, Nearchive, NetReview, NewsCutter, Nitris, OMF, OMF Interchange, OMM, Open Media Framework,
Open Media Management, ProEncode, Pro Tools, QuietDrive, Recti-Fi, RetroLoop, rS9, rS18, Sci-Fi, Softimage,
Sound Designer II, SPACE, SPACEShift, SpectraGraph, SpectraMatte, Symphony, Trilligent, UnityRAID, Vari-Fi,
Video Slave Driver, VideoSPACE, and Xdeck are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Avid Technology, Inc. in the
United States and/or other countries.
iNEWS, iNEWS ControlAir, and Media Browse are trademarks of iNews, LLC.
Adobe and Photoshop are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States
and/or other countries. Windows is either a registered trademark or trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States
and/or other countries. All other trademarks contained herein are the property of their respective owners.
Footage
Arri — Courtesy of Arri/Fauer — John Fauer, Inc.
Bell South “Anticipation” — Courtesy of Two Headed Monster — Tucker/Wayne Atlanta/GMS.
Canyonlands — Courtesy of the National Park Service/Department of the Interior.
Eco Challenge British Columbia — Courtesy of Eco Challenge Lifestyles, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Eco Challenge Morocco — Courtesy of Discovery Communications, Inc.
It’s Shuttletime — Courtesy of BCP & Canadian Airlines.
Nestlé Coffee Crisp — Courtesy of MacLaren McCann Canada.
Saturn “Calvin Egg” — Courtesy of Cossette Communications.
“Tigers: Tracking a Legend” — Courtesy of www.wildlifeworlds.com, Carol Amore, Executive Producer.
'The Big Swell” — Courtesy of Swell Pictures, Inc.
Windhorse — Courtesy of Paul Wagner Productions.
4
GOT FOOTAGE?
Editors — Filmmakers — Special Effects Artists — Game Developers — Animators — Educators — Broadcasters — Content
creators of every genre — Just finished an incredible project and want to share it with the world?
Send us your reels and we may use your footage in our show reel or demo!*
For a copy of our release and Avid’s mailing address, go to www.avid.com/footage.
*Note: Avid cannot guarantee the use of materials submitted.
Avid Symphony Nitris Advanced Guide • Part 0130-07155-01 • December 2005
5
Contents
Using This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Symbols and Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
If You Need Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Related Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Accessing the Online Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
How to Order Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Avid Educational Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Chapter 1 Working with the Project Window: Advanced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Using User Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Creating a User Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Importing a User Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Changing User Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Exporting a User Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Updating User Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Managing Folders and Bins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Creating a Folder in a Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Managing Bins and Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Freeing Up Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Saving Bins Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Using the Info Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Viewing Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Accessing the Hardware Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Displaying Usage Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Statistics File Structure and Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Importing the Statistics File into a Spreadsheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Displaying Disk Space Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Customizing the Appearance of the Avid User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Changing Interface Component Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Changing Shading Style. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
6
Changing Shading Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Changing Button Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Changing Button Style. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Using Interface Appearance Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Changing Font and Point Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Customizing Your Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Creating a New Workspace Setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Linking User Settings and Workspaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Switching Between Workspaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Deleting a Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Assigning a Workspace Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Sharing Bins and Projects in an Avid Unity Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Understanding Avid Unity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Managing Workspaces on an Avid Unity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Sharing Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Shared Bins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Shared Bins and Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Opening a Shared Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Working with Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Default Locking Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Overriding the Default Locking Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Restrictions and Limitations for Locked Bins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Suggestions for Improving Performance When Working with Shared Bins. . . . 72
Shared Bin and Project Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Drive Filtering in Networked Workflows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Chapter 2 Using Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Using the Deck Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Using the Command Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Understanding Button Mapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Mapping User-Selectable Buttons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Using the Blank Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Mapping Modifier Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Mapping Menu Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
7
Activating Commands from the Command Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Using the Avid Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Using the Console Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Displaying System Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Reviewing a Log of Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Getting Information with the Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Using the Console Window to Access Network Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Using the Hardware Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Configuring a Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Chapter 3 Logging: Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Preparing Log Files for Import. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Converting Log Files with Avid Log Exchange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Using Drag-and-Drop Conversion for Log Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Compatible Log Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Understanding Avid Log Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Avid Log Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Global Headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Column Headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Data Entries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Sample Avid Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Applications for Creating Avid Logs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Required Information for Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Creating an Avid Log. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Transferring Bins from MediaLog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Transferring Bins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Associating the Bin with Your Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Double-Checking the Log Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Logging Directly into a Bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Tips for Logging Preroll, Logging Timecode, and Naming Tapes . . . . . . . . . . 107
Logging with an Avid-Controlled Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Pausing the Deck While Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Using a Memory Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Logging with Non-Avid-Controlled Decks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
8
Setting the Pulldown Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Logging Film Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Displaying Film Columns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Entering Pulldown Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Determining the Pulldown Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Modifying the Pulldown Phase Before Capturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Entering Frames-per-Second Rates for PAL Transfers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Entering Key Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Entering Additional Timecodes (Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Entering the Ink Number (Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Entering Additional Film Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Modifying Clip Information Before Capturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Exporting Shot Log Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Chapter 4 Capturing Media: Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Capture Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Disabling Editor Resolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Selecting the Preroll Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Capturing Across Timecode Breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Capturing to Multiple Media Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
General Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Settings for Film and 24p Projects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Understanding Drop-Frame Timecode and Non-Drop-Frame Timecode. . . . . . . . 141
Preparing for Audio Input: Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Creating Tone Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Analog Input Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Microphone Input Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Using the Passthrough Mix Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Resizing the Passthrough Mix Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Monitoring Audio with the Passthrough Mix Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Changing an Audio Level in the Passthrough Mix Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Adjusting Pan Values in the Passthrough Mix Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Changing the Audio Hardware Calibration Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Calibrating Audio Input Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
9
Calibrating Audio Output Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Using the Console Window to Check Audio Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Preparing for Video Input: Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Limitation When Using Consumer Decks or Decks Without Time-Base
Correctors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Saving Video Input Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Saving a Custom Default Setting for the Video Input Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Adjusting Video Levels for Tapes Without Color Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Function Keys Available When Capturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Special Capture Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Logging Errors to the Console Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Creating Subclips While Capturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Adding Locators On-the-Fly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Adding Clip Names and Comments On-the-Fly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Controlling Decks from the Keyboard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Mapping the Record Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Live Capture with External Timecode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Capturing to the Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Patching When Capturing to the Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Capturing Video Without Pulldown into a 24p NTSC Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Remote Play and Capture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Selecting Remote Play and Capture Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Enabling Remote Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Enabling Remote Play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Avid Serial Driver and Remote Play and Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Changing Function Key Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Relinking Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Relinking Clips by Key Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Relinking a Sequence to the Original Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Modifying the Pulldown Phase After Capturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Chapter 5 Importing Files: Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Importing Photoshop Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Importing Single-Layer Photoshop Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
10
Importing Multilayered Photoshop Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Understanding Multilayered Graphics Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Importing Multilayered Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Importing Editcam Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Chapter 6 Working with Bins: Advanced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Advanced Bin Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Using Audio Timecode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Film Scene Workflow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Setting the Bin Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Displaying Custom Bin Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Customizing Bin Views in Text View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Saving a Custom Bin View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Lassoing Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Assigning Colors to Bin Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Adding a Color Column to a Bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Assigning a Source Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Assigning a Custom Source Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Limiting Color Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Sifting Clips and Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Sifting Timecodes or Keycode Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Sifting Within a Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Locking and Unlocking Items in a Bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Selecting Offline Items in a Bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Selecting Media Relatives for an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Selecting Sources Used by an Object. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Selecting Unreferenced Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Using Text View: Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Arranging Bin Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Moving and Rearranging Columns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Aligning Bin Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Deleting a Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Duplicating a Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Adding Customized Columns to a Bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
11
Changing a Custom Column Heading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Managing Clip Information in Text View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Moving Within Column Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Modifying Clip Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Modifying Data Directly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Using the Modify Command to Modify Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Copying Information Between Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Copying Information from Another Cell in a Custom Column . . . . . . . . . . 208
Selecting a Film Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Tracking 3-Perf Counts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Selecting an Edgecode Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Sorting Clips in Text View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Sorting Clips in Ascending Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Sorting Clips in Descending Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Performing Multilevel Sorting with Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Sorting Clips by Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Displaying Timecodes in a 24p or 25p Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Frame Counting for Timecodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Adding Timecode Columns to a Bin or the Media Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Adding Timecode Values to the Timecode Columns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Bin Column Headings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Printing Bins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Preparing Digital Bars and Tone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Importing Color Bars and Other Test Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Creating Leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Creating Video Leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Creating Audio Leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Chapter 7 Managing Media Files: Advanced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Working with Media Files in an Avid Unity Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Configuring Avid Editing Systems to Work with MediaManager and
TransferManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Support for an Avid Unity LANshare Workgroup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Mounting and Unmounting Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
12
Unmounting Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Mounting All Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Using Videotapes for Archiving and Restoring Media Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Archiving Media Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Archive to Videotape Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Restoring an Archive from Videotape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Finding a Related Media File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Relinking Media Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Relinking Clips to a New Project Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Relinking by Resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Relinking to Selected Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Relinking Consolidated Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Relinking Moved Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Unlinking Media Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Chapter 8 Using Script Integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Lined Script Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Explanation of Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Lining in the Digital Realm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Script Integration Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Using Script Integration in Video Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Script Window Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Script Settings Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Importing a Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Opening, Closing, and Saving the Script Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Displaying Clip and Sequence Information in a Script Window. . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Exploring the Script Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Adjusting the Script Margins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Manipulating Script Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Changing the Font of the Script. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Selecting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Script. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Removing Script Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Searching Through Script. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
13
Using Page and Scene Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Adding a Page or Scene Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Changing a Page or Scene Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Deleting a Page or Scene Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Searching for a Page or Scene Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Conducting a Text Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Linking Clips to the Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Interpolating Position for Script Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Manipulating Slates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Selecting Slates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Resizing Slates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Holding Slates On Screen in the Script Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Hiding Slate Frames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Showing One Take Per Slate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Moving a Slate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Deleting a Slate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Manipulating Takes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Selecting Takes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Adding Takes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Deleting Takes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Displaying Take Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Changing the Representative Frame for a Take . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Loading Takes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Playing Takes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Adjusting Take Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Indicating Off-Screen Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Using Color Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Using Script Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Placing Script Marks Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Automating Screening and Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Loading and Playing Marked Segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Moving a Script Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Deleting a Script Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
14
Finding Clips and Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Finding Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Finding Clips and Bins from the Script Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Editing with the Script Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Assembling a Rough Cut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Splicing a Script Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Revising the Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Interactive Screenings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Chapter 9 Viewing and Marking Footage: Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Customizing the Composer Window: Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Displaying the Info Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Copying Text from the Info Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Displaying Timecode in the Timecode Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Using the Tool Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Playing Selected Clips in a Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Using Locators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Ways to Use Locators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Adding Locators While Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Opening the Locator Edit Entry Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Editing Locator Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Changing the Color of the Locator Icon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Copying Locators from Source Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Marking an Area Using Locators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Moving to the Previous or Next Locator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Deleting Locators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Using the Locators Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Viewing and Navigating in the Locators Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Displaying the Timecode, Footage, or Frame Number in the Locator
Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Displaying MetaSync Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Sorting Information in the Locators Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Enlarging and Reducing Columns in the Locators Window . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Displaying Frames in the Locators Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
15
Exporting Locators from the Locators Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Importing Locators from the Locators Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Creating a Locator Text (.txt) file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Copying and Pasting Locators Using the Locators Window . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Changing the Color of the Locator Icon from the Locators Window . . . . . 295
Accessing a Locator in a Clip or Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Printing the Contents of the Locators Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Deleting Locators Using the Locators Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Chapter 10 Editing in Source/Record Mode: Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
User Preferences for Creating Tracks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Using Phantom Marks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Setting One Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Adding a Second Mark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Adding Comments to Sequence Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Playback Performance Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Playing a Limited Duration of a Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Setting a Limited Play Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Playing a Sequence Using a Limited Play Length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Autosyncing Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Using the AutoSequence Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Resyncing Subframe Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Managing Sync with Multiple Tracks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Using Sync Lock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Syncing with Tail Leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Syncing with Locators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Adjusting the Sync Break . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Using Add Edit When Trimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Ganging Footage in Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Using Sync Point Editing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Chapter 11 Using the Timeline: Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Timeline Views: Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Displaying the Timeline Top Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Displaying Timecode Tracks in the Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
16
Assigning Local Colors to Clips in the Timeline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Displaying Local and Source Colors in the Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Displaying Source Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Displaying Local Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Changing the Timeline Background Color. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Changing the Timeline Track Color. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Showing Locators in the Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Timeline Settings Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Navigating in the Timeline: Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Using the Full-Screen Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Displaying Source Material in the Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
IN to OUT Highlighting in the Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Using Advanced Timeline Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Bin Editing into the Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Bin Editing Directly into a Sequence Using the Keyboard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Editing with the Film Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Editing in Heads or Heads Tails View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Performing a Quick Edit Using the Top and Tail Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Adding an Edit (Match Framing). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Adding Edits to Filler Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Removing Match-Frame Edits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Additional Offline Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Detecting Duplicate Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Adjusting Handle Length in Dupe Detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Tracking Color Frame Shifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Finding Black Holes and Flash Frames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Finding Black Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Finding Flash Frames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Printing the Timeline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Chapter 12 Working in Trim Mode: Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Slipping or Sliding Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Selecting Segments for Slip or Slide Trimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
The Four-Frame Slip/Slide Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
17
Performing the Slip or Slide Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Slipping Shots in Source/Record Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Using the Transition Corner Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Chapter 13 Working with Audio: Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Audio Gain Staging and an Audio Editing Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Rendering and Unrendering Order for Audio Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Viewing Clip Gain and Automation Gain Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Bypassing Existing Volume Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Adjusting Volume While Playing a Clip Gain Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Limitations on Adjusting Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Improving Response Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Using External Fader Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Adjusting the Volume of Individual Keyframes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Adjusting the Pan of Individual Keyframes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Using an External Fader Controller or Mixer to Record Automation Gain . . . . 351
Using the Command|8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Using the Command|8 with Your Avid Editing System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Configuring the Command|8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Mapping Buttons and Menu Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Button Layouts on the Command|8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Using Buttons to Change Focus in the Avid Editing Application
Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Using a Foot Pedal as a Foot Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Using a Command|8 to Record Automation Pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Using the Latch Mode Feature on the Command|8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Configuring the USB-to-MIDI Software for Third-Party Controllers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Installing USB-to-MIDI Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Testing the Fader Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Switching Between MIDI Connections on the USB-to-MIDI Converter . . . . . . 363
Troubleshooting the MIDI Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Using the FaderMaster Pro and MCS-3000X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
MCS-3000X Buttons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Using the Snap Mode Feature on the MCS-3000X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
18
Ganging Faders on the FaderMaster Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Using the Yamaha 01V/96 or the Yamaha 01V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Setting Up the Yamaha 01V/96 or Yamaha 01V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Initializing the Yamaha 01V/96 or Yamaha 01V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Configuring the Mixer to Recognize MIDI Control Messages for the
Yamaha 01V and Yamaha 01V/96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Configuring the Mixer to Recognize Serial Control Messages for the
Yamaha 01V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Configuring the Mixer to Recognize USB Control Messages for the
Yamaha 01V/96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Starting the Avid System with the Yamaha 01V/96 or the Yamaha 01V
Attached. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Operational Notes for the Yamaha 01V/96 and Yamaha 01V . . . . . . . . . 371
Soloing Avid System Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Using the Audio EQ Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Audio EQ Tool Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Basic EQ Tool Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
EQ-Specific Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Applying Audio EQ Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
Saving Audio EQ Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Removing Audio EQ Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Audio EQ Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Low Shelf Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
Small Octave Range Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Using Audio EQ Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Applying an EQ Template. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Creating Your Own Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Adding an EQ Template to the Audio EQ Tool Fast Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Adjusting EQ While Playing an Audio Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Understanding Recording Voice-Over Narration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Creating Voice-Overs Using the Audio Punch-In Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Connecting the Hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Creating the Voice-Over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Scenarios for Using the Audio Punch-In Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
19
Monitoring Previously Recorded Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Using Peak Hold While Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Using the MCS3 with the Audio Punch-In Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Voice-Over Media Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Using a GPI Device with the Audio Punch-In Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Understanding GPI Trigger Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
GPI Signal Sequence When Using the Audio Punch-In Tool Without
Preroll or Postroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
GPI Signal Sequence When Using the Audio Punch-In Tool with Preroll
and Postroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Example of Linking GPI Actions to Trigger Signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Connecting a V-LAN VLXi Controller and GPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Configuring a V-LAN VLXi Controller and GPI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Creating a GPI Setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Editing a GPI Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Deleting a GPI Setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Displaying Audio Formats in Bins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Chapter 14 Using AudioSuite Plug-Ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Understanding Digidesign AudioSuite Plug-Ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Installing AudioSuite Plug-Ins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Using Digidesign AudioSuite Plug-Ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Applying an AudioSuite Plug-in to a Clip in the Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Using a Plug-In Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
AudioSuite Fast Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Rendering Plug-in Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Creating New Master Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
AudioSuite Controls for Creating New Master Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Mono, Stereo, and Multichannel Processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Using AudioSuite Plug-ins to Create New Master Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Using AudioSuite Effect Templates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Plug-in Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Troubleshooting AudioSuite Plug-Ins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Canceling a Render Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Addressing Error Messages When Rendering a Plug-in Effect. . . . . . . . . 412
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Core AudioSuite Plug-Ins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Description of Core AudioSuite Plug-Ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
D-fx Chorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Using D-fx Chorus Effectively. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
D-fx Chorus Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
D-Verb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Using D-Verb Effectively. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
D-Verb Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
D-fx Multi-Tap Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Using D-fx Multi-Tap Delay Effectively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
D-fx Multi-Tap Delay Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
D-fx Ping-Pong Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
D-fx Ping-Pong Delay Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Compressor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Using Compression Effectively. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Compressor Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Limiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Limiter Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Expander-Gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Expander-Gate Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Gate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Gate Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
DeEsser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Using DeEsser Effectively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
DeEsser Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
EQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
EQ II Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Invert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Duplicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Mod Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Mod Delay Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Normalize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Gain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
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