18
Reversibility
Ifyoustopexercisingordonotdoyourprogramoftenenough,youwilllosethebenefitsyouhave
gained.Regularworkoutsarethekeytosuccess.
WarmUp
Everyexerciseprogramshouldstartwithawarmupwherethebodyispreparedfortheefforttocome.
Itshouldbegentleandpreferablyusethemusclestobeinvolvedlater.Stretchingshouldbeincluded
inbothyourwarmupandcooldown,andshouldbeperformedafter3‐5minutesoflowintensity
aerobicactivityorcallisthenictypeexercise.
WarmDownorCoolDown
Thisinvolvesagradualdecreaseintheintensityoftheexercisesession.Followingexercise,alarge
supplyofbloodremainsintheworkingmuscles.Ifitisnotreturnedpromptlytothecentralcirculation,
poolingofbloodmayoccurinthemuscles
HeartRate
Asyouexercise,sotherateatwhichyourheartbeatalsoincreases.Thisisoftenusedasameasureof
therequiredintensityofexercise.Youneedtoexercisehardenoughtoconditionyourcirculatory
system,andincreaseyourpulserate,butnotenoughtostrainyourheart.
Yourinitialleveloffitnessisimportantindevelopinganexerciseprogramforyou.Ifyouarestarting
off,youcangetagoodtrainingeffectwithaheartrateof110‐120beatsperminute(BPM).Ifyouare
fitter,youwillneedahigherthresholdofstimulation.
Tobeginwith,youshouldexerciseatalevelthatelevatesyourheartratetoabout65to70%ofyour
maximum.Ifyoufindthisistooeasy,youmaywanttoincreaseit,butitisbettertoleanon
theconservativeside.
Asaruleofthumb,themaximumheartrateis220minusyourage.Asyouincreaseinage,soyour
heart,likeothermuscles,losessomeofitsefficiency.Someofitsnaturallossiswonbackasfitness
improves.Thefollowingtableisaguidetothosewhoare“startingfitness”.
Age 253035404550556065
TargetheartRate
10SecondCount232222212019191818
BeatsperMinute138132132126120114114108108
PulseCount
Thepulsecount(onyourwristorcarotidarteryintheneck,takenwithtwoindexfingers)isdonefor
tenseconds,takenafewsecondsafteryoustopexercising.Thisisfortworeasons:(a)10secondsis
longenoughforaccuracy,(b)thepulsecountistoapproximateyourBPMrateatthetimeyouare
exercising.Sinceheartrateslowsasyourecover,alongercountisn’tasaccurate.
Thetargetisnotamagicnumber,butageneralguide.Ifyou’reaboveaveragefitness,youmaywork
quitecomfortablyalittleabovethatsuggestedforyouragegroup.Thefollowingtableisaguideto
thosewhoarekeepingfit.Hereweareworkingatabout80%ofmaximum.
Age 2530 3540 4550 5560 65
TargetheartRate
10SecondCount2626 25242322 222120
BeatsperMinute156156150144138132132126120
Don’tpushyourselftoohardtoreachthefiguresonthistable.Itcanbeveryuncomfortableifyou
overdoit.Letithappennaturallyasyouworkthroughyourprogram.Remember,thetargetisaguide,
notarule,alittleaboveorbelowisjustfine.Twofinalcomments:(1)don’tbeconcernedwithdayto
dayvariationsinyourpulserate,beingunderpressureornotenoughsleepcanaffectit;(2)yourpulse
rateisaguide,don’tbecomeaslavetoit.