Cisco Nexus 3000 Series Switches User guide

Category
Software
Type
User guide
Cisco Nexus 3000 Series NX-OS Programmability Guide, Release 9.3(x)
First Published: 2019-07-20
Last Modified: 2020-09-03
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CONTENTS
Preface xix
PREFACE
Audience xix
Document Conventions xix
Related Documentation for Cisco Nexus 3000 Series Switches xx
Documentation Feedback xx
Communications, Services, and Additional Information xx
New and Changed Information 1
CHAPTER 1
New and Changed Information 1
Supported Platforms for Programmability Features 5
CHAPTER 2
Platform Support for Programmability Features 5
Overview 9
CHAPTER 3
Programmability Overview 9
Standard Network Manageability Features 10
Advanced Automation Feature 10
PowerOn Auto Provisioning Support 10
OpenStack Integration 10
Programmability Support 12
NX-API Support 12
Python Scripting 12
Tcl Scripting 12
Broadcom Shell 12
Bash 12
Guest Shell 12
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Container Tracker Support 13
Shells and Scripting 15
PART I
Bash 17
CHAPTER 4
About Bash 17
Guidelines and Limitations 17
Accessing Bash 17
Escalate Privileges to Root 18
Examples of Bash Commands 21
Displaying System Statistics 21
Running Bash from CLI 21
Managing RPMs 22
Installing RPMs from Bash 22
Upgrading Feature RPMs 23
Downgrading a Feature RPM 23
Erasing a Feature RPM 24
Support for DME Modularity 24
Installing the DME RPMs 24
Verifying the Installed RPM 27
Querying for the RPM in the Local Repo 27
Downgrading Between Versions of DME RPM 28
Downgrading to the Base RPM 30
Persistently Daemonizing an SDK- or ISO-built Third Party Process 32
Persistently Starting Your Application from the Native Bash Shell 33
Copy Through Kstack 33
An Example Application in the Native Bash Shell 34
Guest Shell 37
CHAPTER 5
About the Guest Shell 37
Guidelines and Limitations 38
Accessing the Guest Shell 42
Resources Used for the Guest Shell 43
Capabilities in the Guestshell 43
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NX-OS CLI in the Guest Shell 44
Network Access in Guest Shell 44
Access to Bootflash in Guest Shell 46
Python in Guest Shell 47
Python 3 in Guest Shell versions up to 2.10 (CentOS 7) 47
Installing RPMs in the Guest Shell 50
Security Posture for Guest Shell 51
Kernel Vulnerability Patches 51
ASLR and X-Space Support 51
Namespace Isolation 52
Root-User Restrictions 53
Resource Management 53
Guest File System Access Restrictions 54
Managing the Guest Shell 54
Disabling the Guest Shell 57
Destroying the Guest Shell 58
Enabling the Guest Shell 58
Replicating the Guest Shell 60
Exporting Guest Shell rootfs 60
Importing Guest Shell rootfs 60
Importing YAML File 62
show guestshell Command 65
Verifying Virtual Service and Guest Shell Information 66
Persistently Starting Your Application From the Guest Shell 67
Procedure for Persistently Starting Your Application from the Guest Shell 68
An Example Application in the Guest Shell 68
Troubleshooting Guest Shell Issues 69
Broadcom Shell 71
CHAPTER 6
About the Broadcom Shell 71
Guidelines and Limitations 71
Accessing the Broadcom Shell (bcm-shell) 71
Accessing bcm-shell with the CLI API 71
Accessing the Native bcm-shell on the Fabric Module 72
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Accessing the bcm-shell on the Line Card 73
Barefoot Shell 75
CHAPTER 7
About the Barefoot Shell 75
Guidelines and Limitations 75
Accessing the Barefoot Shell with CLI API 76
Python API 79
CHAPTER 8
About the Python API 79
Using Python 79
Cisco Python Package 79
Using the CLI Command APIs 81
Invoking the Python Interpreter from the CLI 82
Display Formats 83
Non-Interactive Python 84
Running Scripts with Embedded Event Manager 85
Python Integration with Cisco NX-OS Network Interfaces 86
Cisco NX-OS Security with Python 87
Examples of Security and User Authority 87
Example of Running Script with Schedular 88
Scripting with Tcl 91
CHAPTER 9
About Tcl 91
Guidelines and Limitations 91
Tclsh Command Help 91
Tclsh Command History 92
Tclsh Tab Completion 92
Tclsh CLI Command 92
Tclsh Command Separation 93
Tcl Variables 93
Tclquit 93
Tclsh Security 93
Running the Tclsh Command 94
Navigating Cisco NX-OS Modes from the Tclsh Command 95
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Tcl References 96
iPXE 97
CHAPTER 10
About iPXE 97
Netboot Requirements 98
Guidelines and Limitations 98
Boot Mode Configuration 98
Verifying the Boot Order Configuration 100
Kernel Stack 101
CHAPTER 11
About Kernel Stack 101
Guidelines and Limitations 101
Changing the Port Range 102
Applications 105
PART II
Third-Party Applications 107
CHAPTER 12
About Third-Party Applications 107
Installing Third-Party Native RPMs/Packages 107
Installing Signed RPM 109
Checking a Signed RPM 109
Installing Signed RPMs by Manually Importing Key 109
Installing Signed Third-Party RPMs by Importing Keys Automatically 111
Adding Signed RPM into Repo 113
Persistent Third-Party RPMs 114
Installing RPM from VSH 115
Package Addition 115
Package Activation 116
Deactivating Packages 116
Removing Packages 117
Displaying Installed Packages 117
Displaying Detail Logs 117
Upgrading a Package 118
Downgrading a Package 118
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Third-Party Applications 118
NX-OS 118
DevOps Configuration Management Tools 119
collectd 119
Ganglia 119
Iperf 119
LLDP 119
Nagios 120
OpenSSH 120
Quagga 120
Splunk 120
tcollector 120
tcpdump 121
Tshark 121
Ansible 123
CHAPTER 13
Prerequisites 123
About Ansible 123
Cisco Ansible Module 123
SaltStack 125
CHAPTER 14
About SaltStack 125
About NX-OS and SaltStack 126
Guidelines and Limitations 126
Cisco NX-OS Environment for SaltStack 126
Enabling NX-API for SaltStack 127
Installing SaltStack for NX-OS 127
Puppet Agent 129
CHAPTER 15
About Puppet 129
Prerequisites 129
Puppet Agent NX-OS Environment 130
ciscopuppet Module 130
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Using Chef Client with Cisco NX-OS 131
CHAPTER 16
About Chef 131
Prerequisites 131
Chef Client NX-OS Environment 132
cisco-cookbook 132
Nexus Application Development - Yocto 135
CHAPTER 17
About Yocto 135
Installing Yocto 135
Nexus Application Development - SDK 139
CHAPTER 18
About the Cisco SDK 139
Installing the SDK 139
Procedure for Installation and Environment Initialization 140
Using the SDK to Build Applications 141
Using RPM to Package an Application 142
Creating an RPM Build Environment 143
Using General RPM Build Procedure 143
Example to Build RPM for collectd with No Optional Plug-Ins 144
Example to Build RPM for collectd with Optional Curl Plug-In 145
NX-SDK 147
CHAPTER 19
About the NX-SDK 147
Considerations for Go Bindings 148
About On-Box (Local) Applications 148
Default Docker Images 148
Guidelines and Limitations for NX-SDK 149
Off-Box (Remote) Applications 149
About NX-SDK 2.0 149
About NX-SDK 2.5 150
About Remote Applications 150
NX-SDK Security 150
Security Profiles for NX SDK 2.0 151
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Using Docker with Cisco NX-OS 153
CHAPTER 20
About Docker with Cisco NX-OS 153
Prerequisites for Setting Up Docker Containers Within Cisco NX-OS 153
Starting the Docker Daemon 154
Configure Docker to Start Automatically 155
Starting Docker Containers: Host Networking Model 155
Starting Docker Containers: Bridged Networking Model 157
Mounting the bootflash and volatile Partitions in the Docker Container 158
Enabling Docker Daemon Persistence on Enhanced ISSU Switchover 158
Resizing the Docker Storage Backend 159
Stopping the Docker Daemon 161
Docker Container Security 162
Securing Docker Containers With User namespace Isolation 162
Moving the cgroup Partition 163
Docker Troubleshooting 163
Docker Fails to Start 164
Docker Fails to Start Due to Insufficient Storage 164
Failure to Pull Images from Docker Hub (509 Certificate Expiration Error Message) 165
Failure to Pull Images from Docker Hub (Client Timeout Error Message) 165
Docker Daemon or Containers Not Running On Switch Reload or Switchover 166
Resizing of Docker Storage Backend Fails 166
Docker Container Doesn't Receive Incoming Traffic On a Port 166
Unable to See Data Port And/Or Management Interfaces in Docker Container 167
General Troubleshooting Tips 167
NX-API 169
PART III
NX-API CLI 171
CHAPTER 21
About NX-API CLI 171
Transport 171
Message Format 172
Security 172
Using NX-API CLI 172
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Escalate Privileges to Root on NX-API 174
NX-API Management Commands 175
Working With Interactive Commands Using NX-API 177
NX-API Request Elements 178
NX-API Response Elements 182
Restricting Access to NX-API 183
Updating an iptable 183
Making an Iptable Persistent Across Reloads 185
Table of NX-API Response Codes 186
XML and JSON Supported Commands 188
About JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) 189
Examples of XML and JSON Output 189
NX-API REST 199
CHAPTER 22
About NX-API REST 199
DME Config Replace Through REST 199
About DME Full Config Replace Through REST Put 199
Guidelines and Limitations 200
Replacing the System-Level Configuration Through REST PUT 200
Replacing Feature-Level Config Through REST PUT 201
Replacing Property-Level Config Through REST POST 202
Troubleshooting Config Replace for REST PUT 203
NX-API Developer Sandbox 205
CHAPTER 23
NX-API Developer Sandbox: NX-OS Releases Prior to 9.2(2) 205
About the NX-API Developer Sandbox 205
Guidelines and Limitations 206
Configuring the Message Format and Command Type 206
Using the Developer Sandbox 208
Using the Developer Sandbox to Convert CLI Commands to Payloads 208
NX-API Developer Sandbox: NX-OS Release 9.2(2) and Later 211
About the NX-API Developer Sandbox 211
Guidelines and Limitations 212
Configuring the Message Format and Input Type 214
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Using the Developer Sandbox 217
Using the Developer Sandbox to Convert CLI Commands to REST Payloads 217
Using the Developer Sandbox to Convert from REST Payloads to CLI Commands 220
Using the Developer Sandbox to Convert from RESTCONF to json or XML 225
Model-Driven Programmability 229
PART IV
Infrastructure Overview 231
CHAPTER 24
About Model-Driven Programmability 231
About the Programmable Interface Infrastructure 231
Managing Components 235
CHAPTER 25
About the Component RPM Packages 235
Preparing For Installation 237
Downloading Components from the Cisco Artifactory 238
Installing RPM Packages 239
Installing the Programmable Interface Base And Common Model Component RPM Packages 239
NETCONF Agent 241
CHAPTER 26
About the NETCONF Agent 241
Guidelines and Limitations for the NETCONF Agent 242
Configuring the NETCONF Agent 244
Configuring the NETCONF Agent for Cisco NX-OS 9.3(5) and Later 244
Configuring the NETCONF Agent for Cisco NX-OS 9.3(4) and Earlier 245
Establishing a NETCONF Session 245
NETCONF Operations 247
NETCONF Notifications 255
About NETCONF Notifications 255
Capabilities Exchange 256
Event Stream Discovery 256
Creating Subscriptions 257
Receiving Notifications 258
Terminating Subscriptions 258
NETCONF Examples 259
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Troubleshooting the NETCONF Agent 263
Converting CLI Commands to Network Configuration Format 265
CHAPTER 27
Information About XMLIN 265
Licensing Requirements for XMLIN 265
Installing and Using the XMLIN Tool 266
Converting Show Command Output to XML 266
Configuration Examples for XMLIN 267
RESTConf Agent 271
CHAPTER 28
About the RESTCONF Agent 271
Configuring the RESTConf Agent 272
Using the RESTCONF Agent 272
Troubleshooting the RESTCONF Agent 273
gRPC Agent 275
CHAPTER 29
About the gRPC Agent 275
Configuring the gRPC Agent for Cisco NX-OS Release 9.3(2) and Earlier 276
Using the gRPC Agent 278
Troubleshooting the gRPC Agent 280
gRPC Protobuf File 280
gNMI - gRPC Network Management Interface 289
CHAPTER 30
About gNMI 289
gNMI RPC and SUBSCRIBE 290
Guidelines and Limitations for gNMI 291
Configuring gNMI 293
Configuring Server Certificate 294
Generating Key/Certificate Examples 295
Generating and Configuring Key/Certificate Examples for Cisco NX-OS Release 9.3(2) and Earlier 295
Generating and Configuring Key/Certificate Examples for Cisco NX-OS Release 9.3(3) and Later 296
Verifying gNMI 298
Clients 303
Sample DME Subscription - PROTO Encoding 303
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Capabilities 304
About Capabilities 304
Guidelines and Limitations for Capabilities 305
Example Client Output for Capabilities 306
Get 308
About Get 308
Guidelines and Limitations for Get 308
Set 309
About Set 309
Guidelines and Limitations for Set 309
Subscribe 310
Guidelines and Limitations for Subscribe 310
gNMI Payload 311
Streaming Syslog 314
About Streaming Syslog for gNMI 314
Guidelines and Limitations for Streaming Syslog - gNMI 314
Syslog Native YANG Model 315
Subscribe Request Example 315
Sample PROTO Output 316
Sample JSON Output 319
Troubleshooting 320
Gathering TM-Trace Logs 320
Gathering MTX-Internal Logs 320
Dynamic Logger 325
CHAPTER 31
Dynamic Logger 325
Prerequisites 325
Reference 325
Model-Driven Telemetry 333
CHAPTER 32
About Telemetry 333
Telemetry Components and Process 333
High Availability of the Telemetry Process 335
Licensing Requirements for Telemetry 335
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Installing and Upgrading Telemetry 335
Guidelines and Limitations for Telemetry 336
Configuring Telemetry Using the CLI 342
Configuring Telemetry Using the NX-OS CLI 342
Configuration Examples for Telemetry Using the CLI 347
Displaying Telemetry Configuration and Statistics 351
Displaying Telemetry Log and Trace Information 357
Configuring Telemetry Using the NX-API 359
Configuring Telemetry Using the NX-API 359
Configuration Example for Telemetry Using the NX-API 368
Telemetry Model in the DME 371
Streaming Syslog 372
About Streaming Syslog for gNMI 372
Configuring the YANG Data Source Path for Syslog Information 373
Telemetry Data Streamed for Syslog Path 374
Sample JSON Output 376
Sample KVGPB Output 376
Telemetry Path Labels 378
About Telemetry Path Labels 378
Polling for Data or Receiving Events 379
Guidelines and Limitations for Path Labels 379
Configuring the Interface Path to Poll for Data or Events 380
Configuring the Interface Path for Non-Zero Counters 381
Configuring the Interface Path for Operational Speeds 383
Configuring the Interface Path with Multiple Queries 384
Configuring the Environment Path to Poll for Data or Events 386
Configuring the Resources Path to Poll for Events or Data 387
Configuring the VXLAN Path to Poll for Events or Data 388
Verifying the Path Label Configuration 390
Displaying Path Label Information 390
About Native Data Source Paths 393
About Native Data Source Paths 393
Telemetry Data Streamed for Native Data Source Paths 393
Guidelines and Limitations 395
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Configuring the Native Data Source Path for Routing Information 396
Configuring the Native Data Source Path for MAC Information 397
Configuring the Native Data Path for IP Adjacencies 399
Displaying Native Data Source Path Information 401
Additional References 402
Related Documents 402
Inband Network Telemetry 403
CHAPTER 33
About Inband Network Telemetry 403
Licensing Requirements for Inband and Postcard Telemetry 408
INT Collection Parameters 409
Example Inband Network Telemetry Headers 409
Telemetry Report Formats 411
Guidelines and Restrictions 412
Configuring Inband Network Telemetry 413
Flow and Queue Profile Arguments for Report Types 419
Configuring Packet Postcards 419
Packetized MMU Stats 425
CHAPTER 34
About Packetized MMU Stats 425
Guidelines and Limitations 425
Using Packetized MMU Stats 425
XML Management Interface 435
PART V
XML Management Interface 437
CHAPTER 35
About the XML Management Interface 437
About the XML Management Interface 437
NETCONF Layers 437
SSH xmlagent 438
Licensing Requirements for the XML Management Interface 438
Prerequisites to Using the XML Management Interface 439
Using the XML Management Interface 439
Configuring SSH and the XML Server Options Through the CLI 439
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Starting an SSH Session 440
Sending the Hello Message 441
Obtaining the XSD Files 441
Sending an XML Document to the XML Server 442
Creating NETCONF XML Instances 442
RPC Request Tag rpc 443
NETCONF Operations Tags 444
Device Tags 445
Extended NETCONF Operations 447
NETCONF Replies 450
RPC Response Tag 451
Interpreting Tags Encapsulated in the Data Tag 451
Information About Example XML Instances 452
Example XML Instances 452
NETCONF Close Session Instance 452
NETCONF Kill-session Instance 453
NETCONF copy-config Instance 453
NETCONF edit-config Instance 453
NETCONF get-config Instance 455
NETCONF Lock Instance 455
NETCONF unlock Instance 456
NETCONF Commit Instance - Candidate Configuration Capability 457
NETCONF Confirmed-commit Instance 457
NETCONF rollback-on-error Instance 457
NETCONF validate Capability Instance 458
Additional References 458
Streaming Telemetry Sources 461
APPENDIX A
About Streaming Telemetry 461
Data Available for Telemetry 461
Packet Timestamping 463
APPENDIX B
About Packet Timestamping 463
Guidelines and Limitations 465
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Preface
This preface includes the following sections:
•Audience, on page xix
•Document Conventions, on page xix
•Related Documentation for Cisco Nexus 3000 Series Switches, on page xx
•Documentation Feedback, on page xx
•Communications, Services, and Additional Information, on page xx
Audience
This publication is for network administrators who install, configure, and maintain Cisco Nexus switches.
Document Conventions
Command descriptions use the following conventions:
DescriptionConvention
Bold text indicates the commands and keywords that you enter literally
as shown.
bold
Italic text indicates arguments for which the user supplies the values.Italic
Square brackets enclose an optional element (keyword or argument).[x]
Square brackets enclosing keywords or arguments separated by a vertical
bar indicate an optional choice.
[x | y]
Braces enclosing keywords or arguments separated by a vertical bar
indicate a required choice.
{x | y}
Nested set of square brackets or braces indicate optional or required
choices within optional or required elements. Braces and a vertical bar
within square brackets indicate a required choice within an optional
element.
[x {y | z}]
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DescriptionConvention
Indicates a variable for which you supply values, in context where italics
cannot be used.
variable
A nonquoted set of characters. Do not use quotation marks around the
string or the string will include the quotation marks.
string
Examples use the following conventions:
DescriptionConvention
Terminal sessions and information the switch displays are in screen font.screen font
Information you must enter is in boldface screen font.boldface screen font
Arguments for which you supply values are in italic screen font.italic screen font
Nonprinting characters, such as passwords, are in angle brackets.< >
Default responses to system prompts are in square brackets.[ ]
An exclamation point (!) or a pound sign (#) at the beginning of a line
of code indicates a comment line.
!, #
Related Documentation for Cisco Nexus 3000 Series Switches
The entire Cisco Nexus 3000 Series switch documentation set is available at the following URL:
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/switches/nexus-3000-series-switches/
tsd-products-support-series-home.html
Documentation Feedback
To provide technical feedback on this document, or to report an error or omission, please send your comments
to [email protected]. We appreciate your feedback.
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Preface
Related Documentation for Cisco Nexus 3000 Series Switches
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Cisco Nexus 3000 Series Switches User guide

Category
Software
Type
User guide

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