Juniper JUNOSE 11.2.X MULTICAST ROUTING Configuration manual

JunosE™ Software

for E Series™ Broadband

Services Routers

BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Release

11.2.x

Published: 2010-07-16

Juniper Networks, Inc.

1194 North Mathilda Avenue

Sunnyvale, California 94089

USA

408-745-2000

www.juniper.net

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JunosE™ Software for E Series™ Broadband Services Routers BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Release 11.2.x

Writing: Subash Babu Asokan, Bruce Gillham, Brian Wesley Simmons, Fran Singer, Megha Shaseendran, Krupa Chandrashekar, Namrata

Mehta, Pallavi Madhusudhan, Chander Aima, Poornima Goswami, Hema Priya J, Sairam Venugopalan

Editing: Benjamin Mann

Illustration: Brian Wesley Simmons, Nathaniel Woodward

Cover Design: Edmonds Design

Revision History

July 2010—FRS JunosE 11.2.x

The information in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history.

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the year 2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036.

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Abbreviated Table of Contents

About the Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Chapter 2 Monitoring BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 3 MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Chapter 4 Configuring MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Chapter 5 Monitoring MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Chapter 6 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Chapter 7 Monitoring BGP/MPLS VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 8 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Chapter 9 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

Chapter 10 Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

Part 4 Virtual Private LAN Service

Chapter 11 VPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573

Chapter 12 Configuring VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

Chapter 13 Monitoring VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

Part 5 Virtual Private Wire Service

Chapter 14 VPWS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

Chapter 15 Configuring VPWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

Chapter 16 Monitoring VPWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

Part 6 Index

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Table of Contents

About the Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii

E Series and JunosE Documentation and Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii

Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii

E Series and JunosE Text and Syntax Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii

Obtaining Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxv

Documentation Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxv

Requesting Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxv

Self-Help Online Tools and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxvi

Opening a Case with JTAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxvi

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Conventions in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Autonomous Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

BGP Speaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

BGP Peers and Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

BGP Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

IBGP and EBGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Interior Gateway Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

BGP Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

BGP Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Routing Information Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Prefixes and CIDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Path Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Transit and Nontransit Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

IPv6 BGP Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Exchange of IPv6 Routing Information over TCP IPv4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Exchange of IPv6 Routing Information over TCP IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Link-Local Next Hops in MP-BGP Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Before You Configure BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Basic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Enabling BGP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Understanding BGP Command Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Inheritance of Configuration Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Limitations on Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Setting the BGP Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Configuring Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Configuring BGP Peer Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Setting the Peer Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Assigning a Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Logging Neighbor State Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Specifying a Source Address for a BGP Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Specifying Peers That Are Not Directly Connected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Specifying a Single-Hop Connection for IBGP Peers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Controlling the Number of Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Removing Private AS Numbers from Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Checking AS Path Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Enabling MD5 Authentication on a TCP Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Setting the Maximum Size of Update Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Setting Automatic Fallover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Setting Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Automatic Summarization of Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Administrative Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Configuring BGP for Overload Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Enabling Route Storage in Adj-RIBs-Out Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Effects of Changing Outbound Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Configuring the Address Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Enabling Lenient Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Configuring Promiscuous Peers and Dynamic Peering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Configuring Passive Peers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Advertising Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Prefixes Originating in an AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Advertising Best Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Redistributing Routes into BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Redistributing Routes from BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Configuring a Default Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Advertising Default Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Redistributing Default Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Setting a Static Default Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Setting the Minimum Interval Between Routing Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Aggregating Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Advertising Inactive Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Verifying an AS Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Advertising IPv4 Routes Between IPv6 BGP Peers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Advertising Routes Conditionally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Advertising a Route Only When Another Route is Present . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Advertising a Route Only When Another Route is Absent . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Advertising a Default Route Only When Another Route Is Present . . . . . 68

Configuring BGP Routing Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Types of BGP Route Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Applying Table Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Access Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Filtering Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Filtering AS Paths with a Filter List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Filtering AS Paths with a Route Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Configuring the Community Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Community Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Resetting a BGP Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Changing Policies Without Disruption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Soft Reconfiguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Route-Refresh Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Cooperative Route Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Configuring Route Flap Dampening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Global Route Flap Dampening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Policy-Based Route Flap Dampening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Policy Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Selecting the Best Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

BGP Path Decision Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Configuring Next-Hop Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Next Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Next-Hop-Self . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Assigning a Weight to a Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Using the neighbor weight Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Using a Route Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Using an AS-Path Access List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Configuring the Local-Pref Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Using the bgp default local-preference Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Using a Route Map to Set the Local Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Understanding the Origin Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Understanding the AS-Path Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Configuring a Local AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Configuring the MED Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Missing MED Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Comparing MED Values Within a Confederation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Capability Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Cooperative Route Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Dynamic Capability Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Four-Octet AS Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Graceful Restarts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Configuring Hold Timers for Successful Graceful Restart in Scaled

Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Route Refresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Interactions Between BGP and IGPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Synchronizing BGP with IGPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Disabling Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Setting the Administrative Distance for a Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Configuring Backdoor Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Setting the Maximum Number of Equal-Cost Multipaths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Detecting Peer Reachability with BFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

BFD and BGP Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Table of Contents

Managing a Large-Scale AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Configuring a Confederation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Configuring Route Reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Route Reflection and Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Route Reflection and Looping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Configuring BGP Multicasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Monitoring BGP Multicast Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Using BGP Routes for Other Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Configuring BGP/MPLS VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Testing BGP Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Chapter 2 Monitoring BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Setting a Baseline on All BGP Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Enabling Display of BGP Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Setting the Default Output Fields While Displaying Summarized Status of BGP

Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Setting the Default BGP Routing Table Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Monitoring AS-Path Access Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Monitoring the BGP Routing Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Monitoring Advertised BGP Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Monitoring BGP Aggregate Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Monitoring BGP Routes with Nonnatural Network Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Monitoring BGP Routes in a Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Monitoring BGP Community Routes in the Community List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Monitoring Dampened BGP Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Monitoring BGP Routes with Matching AS Paths and AS-Path Access Lists . . . . 176

Monitoring BGP Flap Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Monitoring BGP Routes with Inconsistent AS Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Monitoring BGP Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Monitoring Dampened BGP Routes of Specified Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Monitoring BGP Paths of Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Monitoring Prefix List Outbound Route Filters Received from the BGP

Neighbor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Monitoring Routes Originating from a BGP Neighbor Before Application of

Inbound Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Monitoring Routes Originating from a BGP Neighbor After Application of Inbound

Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Monitoring Networks in an Autonomous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Monitoring BGP Next Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Monitoring BGP Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Monitoring BGP Peer Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Monitoring BGP Routes with Matching AS-Paths and Regular Expressions for

Single Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Monitoring BGP Routes with Matching AS-Paths and Regular Expressions for

Multiple Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Monitoring the Status of All BGP Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Monitoring All Routes in a BGP Community List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Disabling Display of BGP Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 3 MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Terminology for MPLS Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

MPLS Terms and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

MPLS Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

MPLS Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

MPLS References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

MPLS Label Switching and Packet Forwarding Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

MPLS LSRs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

MPLS Label Switching: Push, Look Up, and Pop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

MPLS Label Stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

MPLS Labels and Label Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

TTL Processing in the Platform Label Space Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Rules for Processing on an LSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Rules for Processing on an LER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

MPLS Rules for TTL Expiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

MPLS Label Distribution Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

IP Data Packet Mapping onto MPLS LSPs Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Statistics for IP Packets Moving On or Off MPLS LSPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

MPLS Forwarding and Next-Hop Tables Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

MPLS Packet Spoof Checking Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

IP and IPv6 Tunnel Routing Tables and MPLS Tunnels Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Explicit Routing for MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

MPLS Interfaces and Interface Stacking Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

MPLS Major Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

MPLS Minor Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

MPLS Shim Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Interface Stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

MPLS Label Distribution Protocols Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

LDP Messages and Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

RSVP-TE Messages and Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

RSVP-TE State Refresh and Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

BGP Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

ECMP Labels for MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

MPLS Connectivity and ECMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Supported TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

MPLS Connectivity Verification and Troubleshooting Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Connectivity Verification at Egress Nodes

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Ping Extensions for Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Connectivity Verification at Egress

Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

RSVP P2MP IPv4 Session Sub-TLV Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

P2MP Responder Identifier TLV Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Echo Jitter TLV Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Traceroute Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Table of Contents

TLVs and Sub-TLVs Supported for Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Connectivity

Verification at Egress Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Echo Jitter TLV Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

P2MP Responder Identifier TLV Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Egress Address P2MP Responder Identifier Sub-TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Node Address P2MP Responder Identifier Sub-TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

LDP Discovery Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

LDP Basic Discovery Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

LDP Extended Discovery Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

MPLS Traffic Engineering Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

LSP Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Path Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Reoptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Methods for Configuring RSVP-TE Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Tracking Resources for MPLS Traffic Engineering Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Starting Admission Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Admission Control Interface Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Configuring Traffic-Engineering Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

LSP Preemption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Topology-Driven LSPs Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

LDP over RSVP-TE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

LDP Graceful Restart Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

LDP-IGP Synchronization Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Synchronization Behavior During Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Synchronization Behavior on LAN Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Synchronization Behavior on IGP Passive Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Synchronization and TE Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Use of RSVP-TE Hello Messages to Determine Peer Reachability . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Hello Message Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Hello Message Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Sequence of Hello Message Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Determination That a Peer Has Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Behavior of the Requesting Peer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Behavior of the Acknowledging Peer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Behavior of Both Peers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Announcement of the Graceful Restart Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Restarting Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Recovery Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Preservation of an Established LSP Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node IDs Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

BFD Protocol and RSVP-TE Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Pipe and Short Pipe Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Uniform Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

EXP Bits for Differentiated Services Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Incoming Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Outgoing Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Setting the EXP Bits for Outgoing Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Using E Series Routers as Egress LSRs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Chapter 4 Configuring MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Basic MPLS Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

MPLS Global Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

MPLS Global Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

LDP Global Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

RSVP-TE Global Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

LDP and RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

LDP Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands . . . . . . . . . 281

MPLS Interface Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

MPLS Interface Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

LDP Interface Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

RSVP-TE Interface Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

MPLS Tunnel Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

MPLS Tunnel Profile Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Configuring Explicit Routing for MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Defining Configured Explicit Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Specifying Configured Explicit Paths on a Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Configuring Dynamic Explicit Paths on a Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Additional LDP Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Configuring LDP FEC Deaggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Configuring LDP Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Configuring LDP Autoconfiguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

Configuring LDP-IGP Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Configuring LDP MD5 Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Controlling LDP Label Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Additional RSVP-TE Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Configuring RSVP MD5 Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Configuring RSVP-TE Fast Rerouting with RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels . . . . . . . . . 295

Configuration Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Fast Reroute over SONET/SDH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Configuring RSVP-TE Hello Messages to Determine Peer Reachability . . . . . . . 297

Configuring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

Configuring RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Configuring the BFD Protocol for RSVP-TE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Configuring IGPs and MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Configuring the IGPs for Traffic Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Configuring MPLS and Differentiated Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Configuring the Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Configuring EXP Bits for Differentiated Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Example Differentiated Services Application and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Differentiated Services Configuration Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Classifying Traffic for Differentiated Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Configuring Static EXP-to-PHB Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Signaled Mapping for RSVP-TE Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Preference of per-VR Versus per-LSP Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

Table of Contents

Example Traffic Class Configuration for Differentiated Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Configuration on the Ingress Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Configuration on the Ingress and Transit Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Configuration on the Transit and Egress Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Configuring Point-to-Multipoint LSPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Chapter 5 Monitoring MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Setting the Baseline for MPLS Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Setting a Baseline for MPLS Major Interface Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Forwarding Table Statistics . . . . 323

Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Next-Hop Table Statistics . . . . . 323

Setting a Baseline for MPLS Tunnel Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Enabling Statistics Collection for Policies Attached to MPLS Tunnels . . . . . 324

Clearing and Re-Creating Dynamic Interfaces from MPLS Major Interfaces . . . . 324

Clearing and Refreshing IPv4 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing Table . . . . 325

Clearing and Refreshing IPv6 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing Table . . . . 325

Tracing Paths Through the MPLS User Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Monitoring ATM VCs and VPI/VCI Ranges Used for MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Monitoring Global Call Admission Control Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Monitoring Interfaces Configured with Traffic Engineering Bandwidth

Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Monitoring Virtual Router Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Monitoring IP and IPv6 Tunnel Routing Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Monitoring LDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

Monitoring MPLS Label Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Monitoring LDP Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Monitoring Interfaces That are Synchronizing with LDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Monitoring LDP Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Monitoring LDP Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Monitoring LDP Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Monitoring LDP Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Monitoring LDP Targeted Hello Receive and Send Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Monitoring MPLS Status and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Monitoring MPLS Explicit Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Monitoring the RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

Monitoring MPLS Labels Used for Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Monitoring MPLS Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Monitoring MPLS Minor Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

Monitoring MPLS Next Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Monitoring the Configured Mapping between PHB IDs and Traffic Class/Color

Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Monitoring RSVP-TE Profiles and MPLS Tunnel Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Monitoring RSVP Path State Control Blocks, Reservation State Control Blocks,

or Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

Monitoring RSVP MD5 Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

Monitoring RSVP-TE Interfaces Where BFD is Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

Monitoring RSVP-TE Interface Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Monitoring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Monitoring RSVP-TE Hello Adjacency Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Monitoring Status and Configuration for MPLS Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Verifying and Troubleshooting MPLS Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or IPv6 Address . . . . . . . . . 371

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or IPv6

Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini Circuit . . . . 371

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or IPv6 Prefix . . . . . 371

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or IPv6

Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . 372

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE

Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS Instance . . . . 372

Packet Flow Examples for Verifying MPLS Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Packet Flow Examples for MPLS LSPs to an IP Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Packet Flow Example for the ping mpls Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Packet Flow Example for the trace mpls Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Packet Flows for ping and trace to L3VPN IPv4 Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Inter-AS Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378

Packet Flows to L3VPN IPv6 Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in Point-to-Point LSPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with an IP or IPv6 Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with an L3VPN IP or IPv6 Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with a Martini Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with an RSVP-TE Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with a VPLS Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Chapter 6 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Address Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

Equal-Cost Multipath Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

BGP/MPLS VPN Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

VPN-IPv4 Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

Route Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

Distribution of Routes and Labels with BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Transporting Packets Across an IP Backbone with MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

Configuring IPv6 VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

Intra-AS IPv6 VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

BGP Control Plane Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

CE–PE Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

Table of Contents

PE–PE Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

MPLS Data Plane Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

Providing IPv4 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems . . . . . . . . . 401

Inter-AS Option A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Inter-AS Option B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

Inter-AS Option C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

Inter-AS Option C with Route Reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Providing IPv6 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems . . . . . . . . . 408

Using Route Targets to Configure VPN Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Full-Mesh VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Hub-and-Spoke VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

Overlapping VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Constraining Route Distribution with Route-Target Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

Exchanging Route-Target Membership Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Receiving and Sending RT-MEM-NLRI Routing Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Conditions for Advertising RT-MEM-NLRI Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

Advertising a Default Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Route Selection When Route-Target Filtering Is Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Configuring Route-Target Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Multicast Services over VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Configuring BGP VPN Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

VRF Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

PE Router Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Creating a VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Specifying a Route Distinguisher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Defining Route Targets for VRFs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Setting Import and Export Maps for a VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Characteristics of Import and Global Import Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Characteristics of Export and Global Export Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Subsequent Distribution of Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Creating a Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Export Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Global Export Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Import Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Global Import Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

Global Export of IPv6 VPN Routes into the Global BGP IPv6 RIB . . . . . . . . . 433

Assigning an Interface to a VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Defining Secondary Routing Table Lookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

Adding Static Routes to a VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

Configuring IGPs on the VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Configuring the IGP in the VRF Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Configuring the IGP Outside the VRF Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

Disabling Automatic Route-Target Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Creating Labels per FEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Configuring PE-to-PE LSPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Enabling BGP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Enabling BGP ECMP for BGP/MPLS VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Enabling VPN Address Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

Configuring PE-to-CE BGP Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Advertising Static Routes to Customers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Advertising IGP Routes to Customers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Disabling the Default Address Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Using a Single AS Number for All CE Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

Preventing Routing Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Advertising Prefixes with Duplicate AS Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

Controlling Route Importation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

Deleting Routes for a VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Enabling VRF–to–VR Peering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Achieving Fast Reconvergence in VPN Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Fast Reconvergence with Unique RDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Fast Reconvergence by Means of Reachability Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

Configuring BGP to Send Labeled and Unlabeled Unicast Routes . . . . . . . 458

BGP Next-Hop-Self . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

BGP Processing of Received Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

Labeled Unicast Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Unlabeled Unicast Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Resolving IPv6 Indirect Next Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Labeled VPN Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

BGP Advertising Rules for Labeled and Unlabeled Routes with the Same

AFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Providing Internet Access to and from VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Enabling Traffic Flow from the VPN to the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Configuring a Default Route to a Shared Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Configuring a Fallback Global Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

Configuring a Global Import Map for Specific Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

Creating a BGP Session Between the CE Router and the Parent VR . . . . . . 465

Enabling Traffic Flow from the Internet to the VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Static Routes to a Shared IP Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Global Export Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Carrier-of-Carriers IPv4 VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

Customer Carrier as an Internet Service Provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

Configuration Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

Customer Carrier as a VPN Service Provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

Configuration Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Enabling Carrier-of-Carriers Support on a VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

Carrier-of-Carriers Using BGP as the Label Distribution Protocol . . . . . . . . 475

Carrier-of-Carriers IPv6 VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

Connecting IPv6 Islands Across IPv4 Clouds with BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

Connecting IPv6 Islands Across Multiple IPv4 Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

Configuring IPv6 Tunneling over IPv4 MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

OSPF and BGP/MPLS VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

Distributing OSPF Routes from CE Router to PE Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

Distributing Routes Between PE Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

Preserving OSPF Routing Information Across the MPLS/VPN Backbone . . 480

OSPF Domain Identifier Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

OSPF Route Type Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

Table of Contents

Distributing OSPF Routes from PE Router to CE Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

Preventing Routing Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

Using Remote Neighbors to Configure OSPF Sham Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

OSPF Backdoor Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

OSPF Sham Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

Configuring VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486

Configuring L2VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486

Chapter 7 Monitoring BGP/MPLS VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Enabling the MP-BGP Events Log Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Monitoring BGP Next Hops for VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Monitoring VRF Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

Monitoring VRF Routing Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

Monitoring the VRF Routing Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

Monitoring the VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

Monitoring Load-Balanced Martini Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

Monitoring MPLS Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

Disabling the MP-BGP Events Log Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 8 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

Module Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

Interface Specifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

Layer 2 Services over MPLS References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

Local Cross-Connects Between Layer 2 Interfaces Using MPLS Overview . . . . . 513

MPLS Shim Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

Multiple Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

ATM Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

AAL5 Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

OAM Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

QoS Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

Control Word Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

VCC Cell Relay Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

AAL0 Raw Cell Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

Cell Concatenation Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

Cell Concatenation and Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

Control Word Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

Unsupported Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

HDLC Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

Interface Stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

Control Word Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

Local Cross-Connects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

CE-Side MPLS L2VPNs over LAG Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

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