IBM 000-8697 User manual

IBM Informix OnLine

Database Server

Administrator’s Guide

Version 5.x

December 2001

Part No. 000-8697

ii IBM Informix OnLine Database Server Administrator’s Guide

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When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a nonexclusive right to use or distribute the information

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Note:

Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in the

appendix entitled “Notices.”

Table of Contents

Table of

Contents

Introduction

In This Introduction ................. 3

About This Manual .................. 3

Organization of This Manual ............. 4

Demonstration Database .............. 5

IBM Informix OnLine ................. 7

Product Overview................. 7

IBM Informix OnLine and Other IBM Informix Products . . . 7

Documentation Conventions .............. 8

Typographical Conventions ............. 8

Icon Conventions ................. 9

Command-Line Conventions ............. 9

Sample Code Conventions .............. 12

Additional Documentation ............... 14

Printed Manuals ................. 14

Error Message Files ................ 15

Documentation Notes, Release Notes, Machine Notes .... 18

Related Reading ................... 19

Compliance with Industry Standards ........... 19

IBM Welcomes Your Comments ............. 20

iv IBM Informix OnLine Database Server Administrator’s Guide

Chapter 1 Installation and Initial Conﬁguration

In This Chapter ................... 1-5

Deﬁne Your Starting Point ............... 1-6

Upgrade an Earlier Version of OnLine ......... 1-7

Overview of OnLine Installation Steps ......... 1-10

Overview of OnLine Initial Conﬁguration Tasks ....... 1-10

OnLine Conﬁguration Files ............. 1-11

Contents of tbconﬁg.std .............. 1-13

Set Up Your Initial Conﬁguration ............ 1-20

Root Dbspace Conﬁguration Guidelines......... 1-21

Mirroring Conﬁguration Guidelines .......... 1-24

Physical Log Conﬁguration Guidelines ......... 1-25

Logical Log Conﬁguration Guidelines ......... 1-26

Message File Guidelines .............. 1-28

Archive Tape Device Guidelines ........... 1-28

Logical Log Tape Device Guidelines .......... 1-29

Identiﬁcation Parameter Guidelines .......... 1-31

Shared-Memory Parameter Guidelines ......... 1-32

Machine- and Product-Speciﬁc Parameter Guidelines .... 1-39

OnLine Disk Space Allocation ............ 1-40

Conﬁguration Checklist ................ 1-50

Enter Your Conﬁguration and Initialize OnLine ....... 1-51

Setting Shared Memory Parameters .......... 1-53

Initialize OnLine ................. 1-54

Set Your Environment Variables ........... 1-54

Modify UNIX Startup and Shutdown Scripts ....... 1-56

Create Blobspaces and Dbspaces ........... 1-59

Errors During Initialization .............. 1-59

OnLine Error Message Format ............ 1-60

UNIX Error Message Format............. 1-60

Table of Contents v

Chapter 2 System Architecture

In This Chapter .................. 2-7

Initialization ................... 2-7

Initialization Commands ............. 2-8

What Happens During Shared-Memory Initialization . . . 2-10

What Happens During Disk-Space Initialization ..... 2-14

UNIX Kernel and Semaphore-Allocation Parameters .... 2-18

OnLine User Processes ................ 2-22

How User Processes Attach to Shared Memory ...... 2-24

User Processes and Critical Sections.......... 2-28

OnLine User Process Status and States ......... 2-29

OnLine Database Server Process ........... 2-30

Orphaned Database Server Processes ......... 2-31

OnLine Daemon Processes .............. 2-33

tbinit Daemon ................. 2-33

tbundo Daemon ................ 2-34

tbpgcl Daemon ................. 2-34

Shared Memory and Process Communication ........ 2-36

Shared Memory and Buffer Locks .......... 2-38

Managing Shared-Memory Resources ......... 2-39

Shared-Memory Header.............. 2-47

Shared-Memory Internal Tables ........... 2-48

Shared-Memory Buffer Pool ............ 2-55

OnLine LRU Queues ............... 2-57

LRU Queues and Buffer Pool Management ....... 2-58

How a User Process Acquires a Buffer ......... 2-60

Physical Log Buffer ............... 2-63

Logical Log Buffer ................ 2-66

OnLine Checkpoints ............... 2-70

What Happens During a Checkpoint ......... 2-72

When the Daemons Flush the Buffer Pool........ 2-73

How OnLine Synchronizes Buffer Flushing ....... 2-74

Write Types Describe Flushing Activity ........ 2-75

Writing Data to a Blobspace ............ 2-78

Disk Data Structures ................ 2-81

OnLine Disk Space Terms and Deﬁnitions ....... 2-81

Structure of the Root Dbspace ............ 2-87

Structure of a Regular Dbspace ........... 2-89

Structure of an Additional Dbspace Chunk ....... 2-90

Structure of a Blobspace .............. 2-91

vi IBM Informix OnLine Database Server Administrator’s Guide

Structure of a Blobspace or Dbspace Mirror Chunk ..... 2-92

OnLine Limits for Chunks ............. 2-93

Reserved Pages ................. 2-95

Chunk Free-List Page ...............2-103

tblspace Tblspace.................2-104

Database Tblspace ................2-107

Create a Database: What Happens on Disk ........2-108

OnLine Limits for Databases.............2-110

Create a Table: What Happens on Disk .........2-110

Create a Temporary Table: What Happens on Disk .....2-113

Structure of an Extent ...............2-114

Next Extent Allocation ...............2-117

Structure of a Dbspace Page .............2-120

Data Row Format and Rowid ............2-123

Data Pages and Data Row Storage ...........2-125

Structure of an Index Page .............2-133

Structure of a Dbspace Bit-Map Page ..........2-143

Blob Storage and the Blob Descriptor ..........2-145

Structure of a Dbspace Blob Page ...........2-146

Blobspace Page Types ...............2-148

Structure of a Blobspace Blobpage ...........2-149

Physical Log ....................2-152

Logical Log Files ..................2-154

Fast Recovery and Data Restore............2-154

File Rotation ..................2-155

File Contents ..................2-156

Number and Size.................2-156

Blobspace Logging ................2-158

Long Transactions ................2-159

Table of Contents vii

Chapter 3 Operating OnLine

In This Chapter .................. 3-5

Changing Modes .................. 3-6

Types of OnLine Modes .............. 3-6

From Ofﬂine to Quiescent ............. 3-8

From Ofﬂine to Online .............. 3-8

From Quiescent to Online ............. 3-9

Gracefully from Online to Quiescent ......... 3-10

Immediately from Online to Quiescent......... 3-11

From Any Mode Immediately to Ofﬂine ........ 3-12

Logical Log Administration .............. 3-13

Examine Your Logical Log Conﬁguration ........ 3-14

Change Pathname of Logical Log Tape Device ...... 3-18

Change Block Size of Logical Log Tape Device ...... 3-21

Change Tape Size of Logical Log Tape Device ...... 3-22

Change Maximum Number of Logical Log Files ..... 3-23

Change Size of Logical Log Files ........... 3-24

Logical Log File Status .............. 3-26

Logical Log File ID Numbers ............ 3-27

Add a Logical Log File .............. 3-28

Drop a Logical Log File .............. 3-30

Move a Logical Log File to Another Dbspace ...... 3-31

Change the Logging Status of a Database ........ 3-33

Back Up a Logical Log File ............. 3-36

Start Continuous Logical Log Backup ......... 3-37

End Continuous Logical Log Backup ......... 3-38

Switch to the Next Logical Log File .......... 3-39

Free a Logical Log File .............. 3-39

If the Logical Log Backup Cannot Complete ....... 3-42

Archive Administration ............... 3-43

Archive Types ................. 3-43

How Long Will an Archive Take? .......... 3-46

Plan the Archive Schedule ............. 3-47

Examine Your Archive Conﬁguration ......... 3-50

Change Pathname of Archive Tape Device ....... 3-52

Change Block Size of Archive Tape Device ....... 3-55

Change Tape Size of Archive Tape Device........ 3-56

Create an Archive, Any Type ............ 3-57

viii IBM Informix OnLine Database Server Administrator’s Guide

If the Logical Log Files Fill During an Archive....... 3-59

If an Archive Terminates Prematurely ......... 3-60

Monitor OnLine Activity ............... 3-61

Monitor Archive History .............. 3-61

Monitor Blobs in a Blobspace ............ 3-63

Monitor Blobs in a Dbspace ............. 3-65

Monitor Buffers ................. 3-66

Monitor Buffer-Pool Activity............. 3-68

Monitor Checkpoints ............... 3-69

Monitor Chunks ................. 3-70

Monitor Conﬁguration Information .......... 3-73

Monitor Databases ................ 3-74

Monitor Dbspaces ................ 3-75

Monitor Disk Pages ................ 3-77

Monitor Extents ................. 3-78

Monitor Index Information ............. 3-79

Monitor Logging Activity.............. 3-80

Monitor the Message Log .............. 3-82

Monitor OnLine Proﬁle .............. 3-83

Monitor Shared Memory and Latches.......... 3-84

Monitor Tblspaces ................ 3-85

Monitor Users and Transactions ........... 3-86

Modify OnLine Conﬁguration ............. 3-87

Create a Blobspace ................ 3-88

Drop a Blobspace................. 3-91

Change the Number of Buffers in the Pool ........ 3-92

Change the Size of Either Log Buffer .......... 3-93

Add a Chunk .................. 3-94

Change the Maximum Number of Chunks ........ 3-96

Create a Dbspace................. 3-97

Drop a Dbspace ................. 3-99

Enforce/Turn Off Residency for This Session .......3-100

Enforce/Turn Off Residency .............3-100

Change the Status of a Mirrored Chunk .........3-101

Enable Mirroring.................3-104

Start/End Mirroring in a Blobspace or Dbspace ......3-105

Change Physical Log Location or Size .........3-107

Change the Checkpoint Interval ...........3-109

Change the Destination of Console Messages .......3-110

Table of Contents ix

Change the Maximum Number of Dbspaces....... 3-111

Change the Maximum Number of Locks ........ 3-112

Change the Maximum Number of Tblspaces....... 3-113

Change the Maximum Number of Users ........ 3-114

Change the Number of Page Cleaners ......... 3-115

Things to Avoid .................. 3-116

Chapter 4 Data Consistency, Recovery, and Migration

In This Chapter .................. 4-5

Consistency Checking ................ 4-6

Using the tbcheck Commands............ 4-6

Using the OnLine Message Log ........... 4-8

Setting Consistency-Checking Variables ........ 4-9

Recovering from Corruption ............ 4-12

Mirroring .................... 4-14

Beginning................... 4-15

Processing .................. 4-16

Recovery ................... 4-17

Ending .................... 4-17

OnLine Logging Overview .............. 4-18

Dbspace Logging ................ 4-19

Blobspace Logging................ 4-22

What Happens During Logical Log Backup ........ 4-26

Ready LTAPEDEV ................ 4-27

Locate the Next Logical Log ............ 4-27

Copy Blobpages ................ 4-27

Place Log Header on Tape ............. 4-28

Write Log Records to Tape ............. 4-29

Write Trailer Page ................ 4-30

What Happens During an Archive ........... 4-30

Read Archive History Information .......... 4-31

Mount a Tape on TAPEDEV ............ 4-31

Verify the Archive Level.............. 4-32

Check Free Space in the Logical Log ......... 4-32

Force a Checkpoint ............... 4-32

Synchronize tbtape and tbinit Activities ........ 4-33

Write Tape Header Page .............. 4-35

Archive Reserved Pages .............. 4-36

Determine Archive Criteria............. 4-37

Archive Disk Pages That Meet Criteria......... 4-38

x IBM Informix OnLine Database Server Administrator’s Guide

Monitor and Archive Physical Log Pages ........ 4-38

Write a Trailer Page ................ 4-38

Update the Reserved Pages ............. 4-38

Fast Recovery ................... 4-39

How Does OnLine Initiate Fast Recovery? ........ 4-39

Fast Recovery and Logging ............. 4-40

Step 1: Checkpoint Condition ............ 4-41

Step 2: Find Checkpoint Record in Logical Log ...... 4-41

Step 3: Roll Forward Log Records ........... 4-43

Step 4: Roll Back Incomplete Transactions ........ 4-44

Data Restore: When Should You Do It? .......... 4-45

Steps That Occur During a Data Restore......... 4-45

Gather All Tapes Needed for Restore .......... 4-47

Verify OnLine Conﬁguration............. 4-48

Initiate Data Restore from Ofﬂine Mode ......... 4-49

Mount Level-0 Archive Tape ............. 4-49

Verify Current Conﬁguration ............ 4-50

Prompt for Logical Log Backup ............ 4-50

Write Each Archive Page to Disk ........... 4-51

Initialize Shared Memory .............. 4-51

Roll Forward Logical Logs ............. 4-51

OnLine Is Quiescent................ 4-52

Database and Table Migration .............. 4-52

Description of Migration Methods ........... 4-54

Which Migration Method Is Best for You? ........ 4-57

Using UNLOAD with LOAD or dbload ......... 4-60

Using dbexport and dbimport ............ 4-62

Using tbunload and tbload ............. 4-63

Migrating Data from OnLine to SE........... 4-65

Migrating Data from SE to OnLine........... 4-66

Table of Contents xi

Chapter 5 How to Improve Performance

In This Chapter .................. 5-3

Disk Layout ................... 5-4

Optimize Blobspace Blobpage Size ........... 5-5

tbcheck -pB and tbcheck -pe Utility Commands...... 5-5

Blobpage Average Fullness ............. 5-7

Apply Effective Criteria .............. 5-8

Eliminate User-Created Resource Bottlenecks ........ 5-8

When Is Tuning Needed? ............... 5-10

% Cached Fields ................ 5-10

ovtbls, ovlock, ovuser, and ovbuff Fields ........ 5-11

Bufsize Pages/IO Fields .............. 5-11

Shared-Memory Buffers ............... 5-13

When Is Tuning Necessary? ............ 5-13

How Is Tuning Done? .............. 5-13

Shared-Memory Resources .............. 5-14

When Is Tuning Necessary? ............ 5-14

How Is Tuning Done? .............. 5-15

Log Buffer Size .................. 5-15

Logging Status ................. 5-15

How Is Tuning Done? .............. 5-16

Page-Cleaner Parameters ............... 5-17

Efﬁcient Page Cleaning .............. 5-17

How Is Tuning Done? .............. 5-19

Checkpoint Frequency ................ 5-20

Performance Tradeoffs .............. 5-20

How Is Tuning Done? .............. 5-21

Psort Parallel-Process Sorting Package .......... 5-22

How Psort Works ................ 5-22

Tuning Psort .................. 5-23

Psort and Shared Memory ............. 5-24

SPINCNT Conﬁguration Parameter ........... 5-24

xii IBM Informix OnLine Database Server Administrator’s Guide

Chapter 6 DB-Monitor Screens

In This Chapter ................... 6-3

Main Menu................... 6-4

Status Menu .................. 6-5

Parameters Menu ................ 6-6

Dbspaces Menu ................. 6-7

Mode Menu .................. 6-8

Force-Ckpt Option ................ 6-9

Archive Menu .................. 6-10

Logical-Logs Menu ................ 6-11

Chapter 7 Utilities

In This Chapter ................... 7-5

dbexport: Unload a Database and Schema File ........ 7-5

Syntax .................... 7-6

Destination Options................ 7-7

Contents of the Schema File ............. 7-9

dbimport: Create a Database .............. 7-10

Syntax .................... 7-11

Input File Location Options ............. 7-12

Create Options ................. 7-14

dbload: Load Data from a Command File .......... 7-15

Syntax .................... 7-16

Command-File Syntax Check ............ 7-18

Starting Line Number ............... 7-18

Batch Size ................... 7-19

Bad-Row Limits ................. 7-20

How to Create a Command File............ 7-21

dbschema: Output SQL Statements ............ 7-32

Syntax .................... 7-32

Include Synonyms ................ 7-33

Include Privileges ................ 7-34

Specify a Table, View, or Procedure .......... 7-35

tbcheck: Check, Repair, or Display ............ 7-36

Syntax .................... 7-38

Option Descriptions................ 7-39

tbinit: Initialize OnLine ................ 7-45

Syntax .................... 7-46

Table of Contents xiii

tbload: Create a Database or Table ............ 7-47

Syntax .................... 7-48

Specify Tape Parameters.............. 7-49

Create Options ................. 7-50

tblog: Display Logical Log Contents ........... 7-51

Syntax .................... 7-51

Log-Record Read Filters .............. 7-52

Log-Record Display Filters ............. 7-54

Interpreting tblog Output ............. 7-55

tbmode: Mode and Shared-Memory Changes ........ 7-64

Syntax .................... 7-65

Change OnLine Mode .............. 7-66

Force a Checkpoint ............... 7-67

Change Shared-Memory Residency .......... 7-68

Switch the Logical Log File ............. 7-68

Kill an OnLine Server Process ............ 7-69

Kill an OnLine Transaction ............. 7-69

tbparams: Modify Log Conﬁguration Parameters ...... 7-70

Syntax .................... 7-70

Add a Logical Log File .............. 7-70

Drop a Logical Log File .............. 7-71

Change Physical Log Parameters........... 7-72

tbspaces: Modify Blobspaces or Dbspaces ......... 7-73

Syntax .................... 7-73

Create a Blobspace or Dbspace ........... 7-74

Drop a Blobspace or Dbspace ............ 7-75

Add a Chunk ................. 7-76

Change Chunk Status............... 7-77

tbstat: Monitor OnLine Operation ............ 7-78

Syntax .................... 7-80

Option Descriptions ............... 7-82

tbtape: Logging, Archives, and Restore .......... 7-102

Syntax .................... 7-103

Request a Logical Log Backup............ 7-104

Start Continuous Backups ............. 7-104

Create an Archive ................ 7-105

Perform a Data Restore .............. 7-105

Change Database Logging Status........... 7-106

xiv IBM Informix OnLine Database Server Administrator’s Guide

tbunload: Transfer Binary Data in Page Units ........7-107

Syntax ....................7-108

Specify Tape Parameters ..............7-109

Chapter 8 OnLine Message Log

In This Chapter ................... 8-3

OnLine Message Log ................. 8-3

Alphabetized Messages ................ 8-5

Chapter 9 Product Environment

In This Chapter ................... 9-3

The OnLine Environment ............... 9-3

OnLine Features ................. 9-3

Features Beyond the Scope of OnLine.......... 9-6

What Is Multiple Residency? .............. 9-7

How Multiple Residency Works ........... 9-10

How to Set Up Multiple Residency .......... 9-11

OnLine Administration with IBM Informix STAR ....... 9-15

Sharing Data by Using IBM Informix STAR........ 9-15

IBM Informix STAR and Two-Phase Commit Protocol .... 9-19

Two-Phase Commit and Automatic Recovery ....... 9-23

Independent Action and Manual Recovery ........ 9-29

Heuristic Decisions: What and Why .......... 9-30

Heuristic Rollback ................ 9-36

Heuristic End-Transaction ............. 9-40

Two-Phase Commit Protocol Errors .......... 9-43

Two-Phase Commit and Logical Log Records ....... 9-44

Determining Database Consistency .......... 9-51

IBM Informix STAR Conﬁguration Parameters ...... 9-57

Track a Transaction with tbstat Output ......... 9-58

Appendix A Notices

Index

Introduction

In This Introduction .................. 3

About This Manual................... 3

Organization of This Manual .............. 4

Demonstration Database ............... 5

IBM Informix OnLine .................. 7

Product Overview.................. 7

IBM Informix OnLine and Other IBM Informix Products .... 7

Documentation Conventions ............... 8

Typographical Conventions .............. 8

Icon Conventions .................. 9

Command-Line Conventions .............. 9

Elements That Can Appear on the Path ......... 10

How to Read a Command-Line Diagram ........ 11

Sample Code Conventions ............... 12

Additional Documentation ................ 14

Printed Manuals .................. 14

Error Message Files ................. 15

Using the ASCII Error Message File .......... 15

Using the PostScript Error Message Files ........ 18

Documentation Notes, Release Notes, Machine Notes ..... 18

Related Reading .................... 19

Compliance with Industry Standards ............ 19

IBM Welcomes Your Comments .............. 20

2 IBM Informix OnLine Database Server Administrator’s Guide

Introduction 3

In This Introduction

This introduction provides an overview of the information in this manual

and describes the conventions it uses.

About This Manual

The IBM Informix OnLine Administrator’s Guide describes the powerful

Informix online transaction processing (OLTP) database server.

You do not need database management experience or familiarity with

relational database concepts to use this manual. However, a knowledge of

SQL (Structured Query Language) would be useful. For detailed information

about IBM Informix SQL, see the IBM Informix Guide to SQL: Tutorial and the

IBM Informix Guide to SQL: Reference.

This manual serves as both an administrator and operator guide and a

reference manual. Chapter 1, “Installation and Initial Conﬁguration,”

supports the instructions provided in the UNIX Products Installation Guide.

Chapter 2, “System Architecture,”provides an optional, technical discussion

of theIBM Informix OnLine systemarchitecture.Subsequent chapters explain

how to take advantage of all the features and functionality of the

IBM Informix OnLine database server.

4 IBM Informix OnLine Database Server Administrator’s Guide

Organization of This Manual

This manual includes the following chapters:

■ Chapter 1, “Installation and Initial Conﬁguration,” provides a step-

by-step explanation of OnLine database server installation and

setup. The chapter includes a worksheet to assist you in planning

your system and in documenting your conﬁguration.

■ Chapter 2, “System Architecture,” provides optional reference

material about OnLine operation that is intended to deepen your

understanding of OnLine 5.x.

■ Chapter 3, “OperatingOnLine,” explains theroutinetasksof OnLine

administration: startup and shutdown, logical log management,

archive management, monitoring OnLine activity, and managing

disk space.

■ Chapter 4, “Data Consistency, Recovery, and Migration,” provides

background information and instructions for using the high-avail-

ability features of OnLine.

■ Chapter 5, “How to Improve Performance,” describes strategies you

can use to obtain maximum performance within your processing

environment.

■ Chapter 6, “DB-Monitor Screens,” explains how to use the

DB-Monitor menu facility provided with OnLine.

■ Chapter 7, “Utilities,” describes the function and syntax of each of

the 14 OnLine utilities.

■ Chapter 8, “OnLine Message Log,” provides reference material that

documents the internal messages that OnLine generates during

processing.

■ Chapter 9, “Product Environment,” describes three possible OnLine

environments. First, this chapter describes the OnLine features that

are available to you within a single-system environment. Second,

this chapter describes how to conﬁgure and administer OnLine

database servers if you are running more than one OnLine database

server on a single host machine. Finally, this chapter describes

OnLine administration issues that arise when you use the

IBM Informix STAR product to run OnLine in a client/server

environment.

Introduction 5

Demonstration Database

A Notices appendix contains information about IBM products, services, and

features. An index directs you to areas of particular interest.

Demonstration Database

Your IBM Informix OnLine software includes a demonstration database

called stores5that contains informationaboutaﬁctitious wholesale sporting-

goods distributor. The sample command ﬁles that make up a demonstration

application are included as well.

Most of the examples in this manual are based on the stores5 demonstration

database. The stores5 database is described in detail and its contents are

listed in

IBM Informix Guide to SQL: Reference. For further information about

using DB-Access to manipulate the data in the demonstration database, refer

to the DB-Access User Manual.

The script you use to install the demonstration database is called

dbaccessdemo5 and is located in the $INFORMIXDIR/bin directory. The

database name that you supply is the name given to the demonstration

database. Ifyoudo not supplyadatabase name, the namedefaults to stores5.

Follow these rules for naming your database:

■ Names for databases can be up to 10 characters long.

■ The ﬁrst character of a name must be a letter.

■ You can use letters, characters, and underscores (_) for the rest of the

name.

■ DB-Access makes no distinction between uppercase and lowercase

letters.

■ The database name should be unique.

When you run dbaccessdemo5, you are, as the creator of the database, the

owner and Database Administrator (DBA) of that database.

After you install OnLine, the ﬁles that make up the demonstration database

are protected so that you cannot make any changes to the original database.

6 IBM Informix OnLine Database Server Administrator’s Guide

Demonstration Database

You can run the dbaccessdemo5 script again whenever you want a fresh

demonstration database to work with. The script prompts you when the

creation of the database is complete and asks if you would like to copy the

sample command ﬁles to the current directory. Answer “N” to the prompt if

you have made changes to the sample ﬁles and do not want them replaced

with the original versions. Answer “Y” to the prompt if you want to copy

over the sample command ﬁles.

To create and populate the demonstration database in the

IBM Informix OnLine

environment

1. Set theINFORMIXDIR environment sothatit contains the nameofthe

directory in which your IBM Informix products are installed.

Set SQLEXEC to $INFORMIXDIR/lib/sqlturbo. (For a full description

of environment variables, see IBM Informix Guide to SQL: Reference.)

2. Create a new directory for the SQL command ﬁles.

Create the directory by entering:

mkdir dirname

3. Make the new directory the current directory by entering:

cd dirname

4. Create the demonstration database and copy over the sample

command ﬁles by entering:

dbaccessdemo5 dbname

The data for the database is put into the root dbspace.

To give someone else the SQL privileges to access the data, use the GRANT

and REVOKE statements. The GRANT and REVOKE statements are described

in IBM Informix Guide to SQL: Reference.

To use the command ﬁles that have been copied to your directory, you must

have UNIX read and execute permissions for each directory in the pathname

of the directory from which you ran the dbaccessdemo5 script. To give

someone else the permissions to access the command ﬁles in your directory,

use the UNIX chmod command.

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