Kistler 9287C Owner's manual

Instruction

Manual

Multicomponent Force

Plate for Biomechanics

Type 9287C…

ä

9287C_002-462e-03.11

Instruction

Manual

Multicomponent Force

Plate for Biomechanics

Type 9287C…

ä

9287C_002-462e-03.11

Foreword

9287C_002-462e-03.11 Page 1

Foreword

Thank you for choosing a Kistler quality product character-

ized by technical innovation, precision and long life.

Information in this document is subject to change without

notice. Kistler reserves the right to change or improve its

products and make changes in the content without obliga-

tion to notify any person or organization of such changes

or improvements.

expressly provided herein, no part of this manual may be

reproduced for any purpose without the express prior writ-

ten consent of Kistler Group.

Kistler Group

Eulachstrasse 22

8408 Winterthur

Switzerland

Tel. +41 52 224 11 11

Fax +41 52 224 14 14

[email protected]

www.kistler.com

Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9287C…

Content

1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4

2. Important Information.................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 For your Safety..................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 ä-Conformity.....................................................................................................................6

2.3 How to Treat the Instrument................................................................................................ 6

2.3.1 With External Amplifier (Type 9287C).................................................................................. 6

2.4 Hints for Using the Instruction Manual................................................................................. 7

2.5 What Happens After Modifications? .................................................................................... 7

2.6 Disposal Instructions for Electrical and Electronic Equipment ................................................ 7

3. General Description of the Instrument ...........................................................................................8

3.1 What does a Multicomponent Force Plate Do? .................................................................... 8

3.2 Two Different Versions......................................................................................................... 9

3.3 Application Examples ........................................................................................................... 9

3.4 Functional Principle .............................................................................................................. 9

3.5 Design of the Force Plate ................................................................................................... 11

4. Assembly, Installation and Putting Into Operation...................................................................... 12

4.1 Important Remarks............................................................................................................. 12

4.2 Basic Circuitry and Cabling of the Measuring System ......................................................... 13

4.3 Connections with External Amplifier (Type 9287C) ............................................................ 14

4.3.1 Output Connector of Force Plate Type 9287C (with External Amplifier)............................ 15

4.4 Connections with Built-in Amplifier (Type 9287CA) ........................................................... 16

4.4.1 Output Connector of Force Plate Type 9287CA (with Built-in Amplifier) ........................... 17

4.4.2 Cable Type 1759................................................................................................................ 18

4.4.3 Digital Control 19

5. Operation..................................................................................................................................... 20

5.1 Range Selection.................................................................................................................. 20

5.2 Operate/Reset ...................................................................................................................20

5.2.1 Balance (Posturography) .................................................................................................... 21

5.3 Time Constant.................................................................................................................... 21

5.4 Effective Frequency Range ................................................................................................. 21

5.5 Temperature Influences...................................................................................................... 22

5.6 Polarity of the Measuring Signal......................................................................................... 22

5.6.1 x and y Directions. .............................................................................................................22

5.6.2 z Direction .............................................................................................................. 22

5.7 Surface Pressure ................................................................................................................. 23

Page 2 9287C_002-462e-03.11

Content

9287C_002-462e-03.11 Page 3

6. Maintenance.................................................................................................................................24

6.1 Recalibration of the Instrument...........................................................................................24

6.2 Weekly Function Check ......................................................................................................24

6.2.1 Drift Check ...............................................................................................................24

6.2.2 Check Gap Around Force Plate ...........................................................................................24

6.2.3 System Check ...............................................................................................................25

6.2.4 Setup Parameters ...............................................................................................................25

6.3 Regular Calibration of the Charge Amplifier........................................................................25

6.4 Calibration of the Force Plate..............................................................................................26

6.5 Regular Checks ...................................................................................................................26

6.5.1 With External Amplifier (Type 9287C) ................................................................................26

6.6 Cleaning and Sterilization....................................................................................................27

7. Trouble Shooting ..........................................................................................................................28

7.1 Defective Force Plate ..........................................................................................................28

8. Technical Data ..............................................................................................................................29

8.1 Dimensions .........................................................................................................................29

8.2 Technical Data for Type 9287C...........................................................................................30

8.2.1 Mechanical and Environment..............................................................................................31

8.2.2 Electrical ...............................................................................................................31

8.3 Technical Data for Type 9287CA ........................................................................................32

8.3.1 General ...............................................................................................................32

8.3.2 Mechanical and Environment..............................................................................................33

8.3.3 Electrical ...............................................................................................................33

8.3.4 Built-In 8 Channel Charge Amplifier....................................................................................34

8.4 Center of Pressure COP Accuracy .......................................................................................35

8.4.1 Error ax ...............................................................................................................35

8.4.2 Error ay ...............................................................................................................35

8.4.3 COP Correction Algorithm for Force Plates.........................................................................36

8.5 Frequency Response ...........................................................................................................37

9. Glossary........................................................................................................................................38

9.1 Coordinate System..............................................................................................................38

9.1.1 Kistler Coordinate System ...................................................................................................38

9.1.2 ISB Coordinate System........................................................................................................39

9.2 Parameters Calculation........................................................................................................39

10. Warranty.......................................................................................................................................40

11. Declaration of Conformity ............................................................................................................41

Total pages 42

Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9287C…

1. Introduction

Please take the time to thoroughly read this instruction

manual. It will help you with the installation, maintenance,

and use of this product.

To the extent permitted by law Kistler does not accept any

liability if this instruction manual is not followed or prod-

ucts other than those listed under Accessories are used.

Kistler offers a wide range of products for use in measuring

technology:

 Piezoelectric sensors for measuring force, torque, strain,

pressure, acceleration, shock, vibration and acoustic-

emission

 Strain gage sensor systems for measuring force and

torque

 Piezoresistive pressure sensors and transmitters

 Signal conditioners, indicators and calibrators

 Electronic control and monitoring systems as well as

software for specific measurement applications

 Data transmission modules (telemetry)

Kistler also develops and produces measuring solutions for

the application fields engines, vehicles, manufacturing,

plastics and biomechanics sectors.

Our product and application brochures will provide you

with an overview of our product range. Detailed data

sheets are available for almost all products.

If you need additional help beyond what can be found ei-

ther on-line or in this manual, please contact Kistler's ex-

tensive support organizationn.

Page 4 9287C_002-462e-03.11

Important Information

9287C_002-462e-03.11 Page 5

2. Important Information

Please keep to the following rules without fail. This will en-

sure your personal safety when working, and assure long,

trouble-free performance by the instrument.

2.1 For your Safety

 This instrument has been tested thoroughly and it left

the works in a perfectly safe condition. To maintain this

condition and assure safe operation, the user must ob-

serve the directives and warnings contained in these in-

structions

 The force plate must be installed, operated and main-

tained only by persons who are familiar with it and

adequately qualified for their particular tasks

 When it must be assumed that safe operation is no

longer possible, the instrument must be taken out of

operation and secured against unintentional use

 It must be assumed that safe operation is no longer

possible if:

 the instrument is visibly damaged

 it no longer functions

 it has been in lengthy storage under adverse con-

ditions

 it has received rough treatment during transport

According to safety requirements the following has to be

observed:

The force plate should be mounted as written in chap-

ter 4.

The force plate has to be connected to earth using the

Potential Equalization Conductor provided in the scope

of delivery to meet the ä-standards regarding Earth

Leakage Current.

The data acquisition computer and persons who are in

direct contact with it have to remain in a distance of

1,5 m from the patient at all times for the same reason.

Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9287C…

2.2 ä-Conformity

The Force Plate Type 9287C… is conforming to ä direc-

tives according to the Declaration of Conformity enclosed

with this instruction manual.

2.3 How to Treat the Instrument

 The force plate may be used only under the specified

environmental and operating conditions

 Protect the signal output against dirt and do not touch

it with your fingers. When the connection is not being

used, cover it with the cap provided

 When the force plate is not in use, protect it by keeping

it in the packing case supplied

 When performing long-time measurements, make sure

that the temperature of the force plate remains as con-

stant as possible

2.3.1 With External Amplifier (Type 9287C)

 The insulation resistance is crucially important with pie-

zoelectric measurements. It must be around 1014 Ω (but

at least 1013 Ω)

 To obtain this resistance, all plug and socket connec-

tions must be kept meticulously clean and dry

 The insulation resistance can be measured with the in-

sulation tester Type 5493

 The connecting cable from force plate to charge ampli-

fier is highly insulating. Use only the proper cable

 Do not remove the connecting cable from the force

plate

Page 6 9287C_002-462e-03.11

Important Information

2.4 Hints for Using the Instruction Manual

We recommend reading the entire instruction manual as a

matter of principle. If you're in a hurry, however, and

you've already gathered experience with Kistler force

plates, you can confine your reading to the information

that you really need.

We have endeavoured to arrange these instructions so that

you can find the information you need without difficulty.

Please keep these instruction manual in a safe place where

they can be consulted any time.

If the instructions get lost, just turn to your Kistler distribu-

tor and they will be replaced without delay.

All information and directives in these instructions may be

modified at any time without prior notification.

2.5 What Happens After Modifications?

Modifications to instruments result in alterations of the in-

struction manuals as a rule. In such cases, enquire at your

Kistler distributor about the possibilities of updating your

documentation.

2.6 Disposal Instructions for Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Do not discard old electronic instruments in municipal

trash. For disposal at end of life, please return this prod-

uct to an authorized local electronic waste disposal ser-

vice or contact the nearest Kistler Instrument sales office

for return instructions.

9287C_002-462e-03.11 Page 7

Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9287C…

3. General Description of the Instrument

3.1 What does a Multicomponent Force Plate Do?

The multicomponent force plate provides dynamic and

quasistatic measurement of the 3 orthogonal components

of a force (Fx, Fy, Fz) acting from any direction onto

the top plate.

With the aid of optional evaluation devices (e.g. software

system BioWare) the following quantities can also be

measured:

 The moments Mx, My and Mz

 The coordinates ax and ay of the point of application of

force on the force plate surface COP = Center of Pres-

sure

 The torque Tz (free moment) around an axis normal to

the force plate surface

 Center of mass displacement and acceleration, physical

power and work, coefficient of friction

The multicomponent force plate distinguishes itself

especially by the following features:

 Large surface, resulting in a high probability to hit it in

sports

 Wide measuring and frequency range

 Light weight

 High overload capacity

 Corrosion resistant design, protected against splashing

water

Fig. 1: Multicomponent force plate for biomechanics Type

9287C…

Page 8 9287C_002-462e-03.11

General Description of the Instrument

3.2 Two Different Versions

The force plate 9287C... is available in two versions:

 Type 9287C with external 8 channel amplifier

(e.g. Type 9865…)

 Type 9287CA with built-in charge amplifier

3.3 Application Examples

 The force plate is particularly suitable to measure fast

actions and impact in sports but it can also be used for

a wide range of other applications

 Biomechanical investigations, e.g. recording the forces

exerted by the human foot when standing, walking or

running (gait analysis)

 Orthopaedic examinations

 Determining progress in rehabilitation, e.g. with pros-

thesis, after fractures etc.

 Analysis of high dynamic sports activities to optimize

training and for competition analysis (e.g. starting and

takeoff behaviour, performance measurement etc.)

 Coefficients of friction can be determined dynamically

and statically with the BioWare software system

3.4 Functional Principle

The force to be measured is introduced via a top plate and

distributed between four 3-component force sensors ar-

ranged between mounting base and top plate. Each of the

sensors has three pairs of quartz plates, one sensitive to

pressure in the z-direction and the other two to shear in

the x- and y-directions respectively. The measurement is

virtually without displacement. In these four force sensors

the force introduced is resolved into three components.

Fig. 2: 3-component force sensor

9287C_002-462e-03.11 Page 9

Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9287C…

The electrical charges yielded by the force plate are strictly

proportional to the measured quantities. They are converted

by charge amplifiers into analog voltages and can then be

processed in any way.

Negative charges give positive voltages at the output of the

charge amplifier, and vice versa.

Out of the 12 output signals of the 4 sensors, 2 each of the

shear forces which have the same line of action can be par-

alleled (e.g. Fx1 and Fx2 to obtain Fx1+2, etc.). Therefore, only

8 signals are needed for further processing.

Fig. 3: Output signals of the force plate

Page 10 9287C_002-462e-03.11

General Description of the Instrument

3.5 Design of the Force Plate

The force plate comprises a top plate of sandwich light-

weight construction under which the four 3-compo-nent

force sensors are mounted under high prestress.

This prestress is a prerequisite for transmissing shear forces

by friction.

Fig. 4: Cross section through the force plate

1 3-component force sensor

2 Prestressing elements (hollow screw)

3 Cabling

4 Top plate of sandwich lightweight construction

5 Top cover with 0-ring

6 Fastening screw M12x25

7 Mounting frame Type 9427

The four prestressing elements are at the same time the

feet upon which the force plate rests and with which it is

screwed down onto the mounting frame.

The force plate is corrosion-resistant and proof against

splashing water (degree of protection IP65).

9287C_002-462e-03.11 Page 11

Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9287C…

4. Assembly, Installation and Putting Into Operation

4.1 Important Remarks

The multicomponent force plate Type 9287C... is a preci-

sion instrument, however its inherent accuracy can only be

exploited and retained if it is treated carefully. The follow-

ing points should be observed:

 Never drop the force plate or expose it to heavy im-

pacts! The maximum force of a shock of this kind could

exceed the measuring range of the instrument and

cause damage

 For safety reasons the force plate has to be grounded

using a separate ground wire connected to the M4

thread near the platform connector

 Observe that the surface pressure is limited to max.

5 N/mm2. (Details see technical data)

 The force plate should be installed only by persons suf-

ficiently qualified for this job

 For the force plate 9287C... the mounting frame 9427

is available for correct mounting on a concrete base

 Basically the mounting frame is grouted onto the con-

crete base using castable grout. Then the force plate is

screwed onto the mounting frame, with a gap separat-

ing the top plate from the surrounding structure

Please refer to the instruction manual 002-034 "Force

Plate Installation and Maintenance" for detailed proce-

dures and information.

For nonobservance of the mounting instructions Kistler

will decline all responsibility.

Page 12 9287C_002-462e-03.11

Assembly, Installation and Putting Into Operation

4.2 Basic Circuitry and Cabling of the Measuring System

The electric charges (in pC) yielded by the force plate are

converted by charge amplifiers into proportional voltages,

which in turn can be displayed, recorded or further proc-

essed using appropriate equipment.

The following rules should be observed when cabling the

measuring rig:

 Between force plate and charge amplifier the special

cables supplied by Kistler must be used

 Ordinary cables may be used to link the charge amplifi-

ers with the display or evaluation instruments

 Make sure that all work with electrical connections is

done carefully and with cleanliness. Remove the protec-

tive caps from the connections only immediately before

connecting a cable

According to safety requirements the following has to be

observed:

The force plate has to be connected to earth using the

Potential Equalization Conductor provided in the scope

of delivery to meet the ä-standards regarding Earth

Leakage Current.

The data acquisition computer and persons who are in

direct contact with it have to remain in a distance of

1,5 m from the patient at all times for the same reason.

9287C_002-462e-03.11 Page 13

Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9287C…

4.3 Connections with External Amplifier (Type 9287C)

The following figure shows the elements required for a

complete measuring system.

Fig. 5: Measuring system with BioWare® and two force

plates Type 9287C

Instead of the BioWare software system also other process-

ing and indicating instruments can be connected to the

charge amplifier.

Page 14 9287C_002-462e-03.11

Assembly, Installation and Putting Into Operation

4.3.1 Output Connector of Force Plate Type 9287C (with External Amplifier)

1 Masse

2 Fx1+2

3 Fx3+4

4 Fy1+4

5 Fy2+3

6 Fz1

7 Fz2

8 Fz3

9 Fz4

Socket type: 9-pin Fischer DEE 104A055

Important Remarks:

 It is very important that the correct type of cable be

used only

 If the contacts or insulating material are contami-

nated, they can be cleaned with cleaning spray

(Type 1003) or clean white gasoline (rectified ben-

zene). The insulation resistance >10 TΩcan be

measured using an insulation measuring instrument

(Type 5493). Please contact our agent for support

9287C_002-462e-03.11 Page 15

Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9287C…

4.4 Connections with Built-in Amplifier (Type 9287CA)

Fig. 6: Measuring system with BioWare® and two force

plates Type 9287CA

Instead of the BioWare software system also other process-

ing and indicating instruments can be connected to the

force plate. A control unit Type 5233A2 is available for

power supply and remote controlling.

Fig. 7: Measuring system with one force plate and control

unit Type 5233A2

Page 16 9287C_002-462e-03.11

Assembly, Installation and Putting Into Operation

4.4.1 Output Connector of Force Plate Type 9287CA (with Built-in Amplifier)

1 Exct. GND

2 Fz4

3 Fz3

4 Fz2

5 Fz1

6 Betrieb

7 Control GND

8 N.C. (reserved)

9 Fx1+2

10 Fx3+4

11 Fy1+4

12 Fy2+3

13 A' (Range z select)

14 Signal GND

15 N.C. (reserved)

16 A (Range x, y select)

17 B (Range x, y select)

18 B' (Range z select)

19 Exct. +10 … 30 VDC

Socket type: 19 pin Fischer DEE 104A092-130

Fig. 8: Front view

9287C_002-462e-03.11 Page 17

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