Avaya Configuring IPsec Services User manual

Category
Software manuals
Type
User manual
BayRS Version 15.1
Part No. 308630-15.1 Rev 00
October 2001
600 Technology Park Drive
Billerica, MA 01821-4130
Configuring IPsec Services
ii
308630-15.1 Rev 00
Copyright © 2001 Nortel Networks
All rights reserved. October 2001.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. The statements, configurations, technical data,
and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable, but are presented without express or
implied warranty. Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document.
The information in this document is proprietary to Nortel Networks Inc.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may only be used in accordance
with the terms of that license. The software license agreement is included in this document.
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Adobe and Acrobat Reader are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
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Use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
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Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to, or accompany the delivery of, this computer
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308630-15.1 Rev 00
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308630-15.1 Rev 00
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308630-15.1 Rev 00 v
Contents
Preface
Before You Begin .............................................................................................................xiii
Text Conventions .............................................................................................................xiv
Acronyms ......................................................................................................................... xv
Hard-Copy Technical Manuals .........................................................................................xvi
How to Get Help .............................................................................................................xvii
Chapter 1
Overview of IPsec
About IPsec ....................................................................................................................1-2
Configuring IPsec and NAT on One Interface .................................................................1-2
Network Requirements for Nortel Networks Routers ......................................................1-3
Supported Routers ...................................................................................................1-3
Supported WAN Protocols .......................................................................................1-3
IPsec Services ................................................................................................................1-4
Confidentiality ...........................................................................................................1-4
Integrity ....................................................................................................................1-4
Authentication ..........................................................................................................1-4
Additional IPsec Services ........................................................................................1-5
How IPsec Works ...........................................................................................................1-5
IPsec Protection .......................................................................................................1-5
IPsec Tunnel Mode ...................................................................................................1-6
IPsec Elements ...............................................................................................................1-7
Security Gateways ...................................................................................................1-8
Security Policies .......................................................................................................1-8
Policy Templates ................................................................................................1-9
Inbound Policies ................................................................................................1-9
Outbound Policies ............................................................................................1-10
Policy Criteria Specification .............................................................................1-10
vi 308630-15.1 Rev 00
Security Associations .............................................................................................1-11
Automated Security Associations Using IKE ...................................................1-11
Manual Security Associations ..........................................................................1-12
Security Associations for Bidirectional Traffic ..................................................1-12
How IKE Negotiates Security Associations .....................................................1-13
Security Parameter Index ................................................................................1-13
Examples of Security Policies and Security Associations ......................................1-14
Security Protocols .........................................................................................................1-15
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Protocol ....................................................1-15
Authentication Header (AH) Protocol .....................................................................1-16
Internet Key Exchange Protocol ...................................................................................1-17
Perfect Forward Secrecy ........................................................................................1-17
Performance Considerations ........................................................................................1-17
Chapter 2
Installing IPsec
Upgrading Router Software ............................................................................................2-1
Installing the IPsec Software ..........................................................................................2-2
Completing the Installation Process .........................................................................2-3
Securing Your Site ..........................................................................................................2-4
Securing Your Configuration ...........................................................................................2-4
Encryption Keys .......................................................................................................2-4
Random Number Generator .....................................................................................2-5
Creating and Using NPKs ...............................................................................................2-5
Generating NPKs .....................................................................................................2-5
Entering an Initial NPK and a Seed for Encryption ..................................................2-6
Changing an NPK ....................................................................................................2-7
Monitoring NPKs ......................................................................................................2-8
Chapter 3
Starting IPsec
Enabling IPsec and IKE ..................................................................................................3-1
Creating Policies .............................................................................................................3-2
Specifying Criteria ....................................................................................................3-2
Specifying an Action .................................................................................................3-3
Policy Considerations ...............................................................................................3-3
308630-15.1 Rev 00 vii
Creating an Outbound Policy Template and Policy ..................................................3-4
Creating an Inbound Policy Template and Policy .....................................................3-6
Creating Security Associations .......................................................................................3-7
Automated SA Creation ...........................................................................................3-7
Creating an Outbound Protect Policy with Automated SAs (IKE) ............................3-8
About Manual SA Creation .......................................................................................3-9
Creating a Protect SA Manually .............................................................................3-10
Creating an Unprotect SA Manually .......................................................................3-11
Chapter 4
Customizing IPsec
Changing Existing Policies .............................................................................................4-1
Editing a Policy .........................................................................................................4-2
Adding a Policy .........................................................................................................4-3
Ethernet Interface or WAN Interface with PPP ..................................................4-3
WAN Interface with Frame Relay .......................................................................4-4
Reordering Policies ..................................................................................................4-6
Ethernet Interface or WAN Interface with PPP ..................................................4-6
WAN Interface with Frame Relay .......................................................................4-7
Changing Existing Security Associations .......................................................................4-8
Modifying Automated SAs (IKE) ...............................................................................4-8
Modifying Manual SAs .............................................................................................4-9
Ethernet Interface or WAN Interface with PPP ..................................................4-9
WAN Interface with Frame Relay .....................................................................4-10
Disabling IPsec .............................................................................................................4-11
Appendix A
Site Manager Parameters
Node Protection Key Parameter .................................................................................... A-2
IPsec Parameters .......................................................................................................... A-3
IPsec Policy Parameters ................................................................................................ A-4
Manual Security Association Parameters ...................................................................... A-5
Automated Security Association (IKE) Parameters ..................................................... A-10
viii 308630-15.1 Rev 00
Appendix B
Definitions of k Commands
Appendix C
Configuration Examples
Inbound and Outbound Policies ..................................................................................... C-1
Automated SA (IKE) Policy Examples ..................................................................... C-2
Manual SA Policy Examples ................................................................................... C-5
Manual Protect and Unprotect SA Configuration ......................................................... C-10
Appendix D
Contivity VPN Switch Interoperability
Supported Software Versions ........................................................................................ D-1
Web Browser Configuration of the Contivity VPN Switch .............................................. D-2
IPsec Terminology ......................................................................................................... D-2
Configuration Considerations ........................................................................................ D-3
Network Addresses ................................................................................................. D-3
Routing .................................................................................................................... D-3
Performance ............................................................................................................ D-4
Feature Comparison Summary ..................................................................................... D-4
Features Supported by Both Platforms ................................................................... D-4
BayRS Features Not Supported by the Contivity VPN Switch ................................ D-5
Contivity VPN Switch Features Not Supported by BayRS ...................................... D-5
Troubleshooting BayRS-Contivity IPsec Interoperability ................................................ D-6
BayRS Tools ............................................................................................................ D-6
Contivity Tools ......................................................................................................... D-6
Symptoms You May See ......................................................................................... D-7
Appendix E
Protocol Numbers
Assigned Internet Protocol Numbers by Name ............................................................. E-2
Assigned Internet Protocol Numbers by Number .......................................................... E-7
Index
308630-15.1 Rev 00 ix
Figures
Figure 1-1. IPsec Environment: Unique SAs Between Routers .................................1-6
Figure 1-2. IPsec Security Gateways, Security Policies, and Security Associations ..1-7
Figure 1-3. IPsec Security Gateways and Security Policies .......................................1-8
Figure 1-4. Security Associations for Bidirectional Traffic .........................................1-13
Figure C-1. IPsec Automated Outbound Policies ....................................................... C-2
Figure C-2. IPsec Manual Outbound Policies ............................................................ C-6
Figure C-3. Single Protect/Unprotect SA Pair .......................................................... C-10
Figure C-4. Multiple Protect/Unprotect SA Pairs ...................................................... C-13
308630-15.1 Rev 00 xi
Tables
Table 1-1. Security Policy Specifications ................................................................1-14
Table 1-2. Manual SA Configurations .....................................................................1-15
Table 2-1. IPsec Installation Files by Router Platform ..............................................2-2
Table D-1. Comparison of BayRS and Contivity IPsec Terminology ........................ D-2
Table E-1. Internet Protocol Numbers Sorted by Acronym ...................................... E-2
Table E-2. Internet Protocol Numbers Sorted by Number ........................................ E-7
308630-15.1 Rev 00
xiii
Preface
This guide describes the Nortel Networks
*
implementation of IP Security (IPsec)
and how to configure it on a Nortel Networks router.
Before You Begin
Before using this guide, you must complete the following procedures. For a new
router:
Install the router (see the installation guide that came with your router).
Connect the router to the network and create a pilot configuration file (see
Quick-Starting Routers, Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport
ARN Routers, or Connecting ASN Routers to a Network).
Make sure that you are running the latest version of Nortel Networks BayRS and
Site Manager software. For information about upgrading BayRS and Site
Manager, see the upgrading guide for your version of BayRS.
Configuring IPsec Services
xiv
308630-15.1 Rev 00
Text Conventions
This guide uses the following text conventions:
angle brackets (< >) Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the
description inside the brackets. Do not type the
brackets when entering the command.
Example: If the command syntax is:
ping
<ip_address>
, you enter:
ping
192.32.10.12
bold text
Indicates command names and options and text that
you need to enter.
Example: Enter
show ip
{
alerts
|
routes
}.
Example: Use the
dinfo
command.
braces ({}) Indicate required elements in syntax descriptions
where there is more than one option. You must choose
only one of the options. Do not type the braces when
entering the command.
Example: If the command syntax is:
show ip
{
alerts
|
routes
}
, you must enter either:
show ip alerts
or
show ip routes
, but not both.
brackets ([ ]) Indicate optional elements in syntax descriptions. Do
not type the brackets when entering the command.
Example: If the command syntax is:
show ip interfaces
[
-alerts
]
, you can enter either:
show ip interfaces
or
show ip interfaces -alerts
.
italic text Indicates new terms, book titles, and variables in
command syntax descriptions. Where a variable is two
or more words, the words are connected by an
underscore.
Example: If the command syntax is:
show at
<valid_route>
valid_route
is one variable and you substitute one value
for it.
Preface
308630-15.1 Rev 00
xv
Acronyms
This guide uses the following acronyms:
screen text Indicates system output, for example, prompts and
system messages.
Example:
Set Trap Monitor Filters
separator ( > ) Shows menu paths.
Example: Protocols > IP identifies the IP option on the
Protocols menu.
vertical line (
|
) Separates choices for command keywords and
arguments. Enter only one of the choices. Do not type
the vertical line when entering the command.
Example: If the command syntax is:
show ip
{
alerts
|
routes
}
, you enter either:
show ip alerts
or
show ip routes
, but not both.
3DES Triple DES
AH Authentication Header
CBC cipher block chaining
CPU central processing unit
DES Data Encryption Standard
ESP Encapsulating Security Payload
HMAC Hashing Message Authentication Code
IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
ICV integrity check value
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IKE Internet Key Exchange
IP Internet Protocol
IPsec Internet Protocol Security
Configuring IPsec Services
xvi
308630-15.1 Rev 00
Hard-Copy Technical Manuals
You can print selected technical manuals and release notes free, directly from the
Internet. Go to the www.nortelnetworks.com/documentation URL. Find the
product for which you need documentation. Then locate the specific category and
model or version for your hardware or software product. Use Adobe
*
Acrobat
Reader
*
to open the manuals and release notes, search for the sections you need,
and print them on most standard printers. Go to Adobe Systems at the
www.adobe.com URL to download a free copy of the Adobe Acrobat Reader.
You can purchase selected documentation sets, CDs, and technical publications
through the Internet at the www1.fatbrain.com/documentation/nortel/ URL.
ISAKMP/Oakley Internet Security Association and Key Management
Protocol with Oakley Key Determination
IV initialization vector
MD5 Message Digest 5
MIB management information base
NAT Network Address Translation
NBMA nonbroadcast multi-access
NPK node protection key
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
PFS perfect forward secrecy
RFC Request for Comments
SA security association
SAD security associations database
SPD security policy database
SPI security parameter index
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
VPN virtual private network
WAN wide area network
Preface
308630-15.1 Rev 00
xvii
How to Get Help
If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel Networks product from a
distributor or authorized reseller, contact the technical support staff for that
distributor or reseller for assistance.
If you purchased a Nortel Networks service program, contact one of the following
Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Centers:
Additional information about the Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Centers is
available from the www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global URL.
An Express Routing Code (ERC) is available for many Nortel Networks products
and services. When you use an ERC, your call is routed to a technical support
person who specializes in supporting that product or service.
To locate an ERC for
your product or service, go to the
http://www130.nortelnetworks.com/cgi-bin/
eserv/common/essContactUs.jsp
URL.
Technical Solutions Center Telephone
Europe, Middle East, and Africa (33) (4) 92-966-968
North America (800) 4NORTEL or (800) 466-7835
Asia Pacific (61) (2) 9927-8800
China (800) 810-5000
308630-15.1 Rev 00
1-1
Chapter 1
Overview of IPsec
This chapter describes the emerging Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
standards for security services over public networks, commonly referred to as IP
Security or IPsec. The chapter also includes information specific to the Nortel
Networks implementation of IPsec and requirements for that implementation.
This chapter includes the following information:
Topic Page
About IPsec
1-2
Configuring IPsec and NAT on One Interface 1-2
Network Requirements for Nortel Networks Routers 1-3
IPsec Services 1-4
How IPsec Works 1-5
IPsec Elements 1-7
Security Protocols 1-15
Internet Key Exchange Protocol 1-17
Performance Considerations 1-17
Configuring IPsec Services
1-2
308630-15.1 Rev 00
About IPsec
IP Security is the IETF set of emerging standards for security services for
communications over public networks. The standards are documented in the IETF
Requests for Comments (RFCs) 2401 through 2412. Additional RFCs may be
relevant as well.
These standards were developed to ensure secure, private communications for the
remote access, extranet, and intranet virtual private networks (VPNs) used in
enterprise communications. They are the security architecture for the next
generation of IP, called IPv6, but are available for the current IPv4 Internet as
well.
The Nortel Networks implementation of the IETF standards provides network
(layer 3) security services for Ethernet and wide area network (WAN)
communications on Nortel Networks routers.
Configuring IPsec and NAT on One Interface
You can configure both IPsec and unidirectional Network Address Translation
(NAT) on the same router interface. However, the address ranges that you
configure for NAT and in IPsec policy filters cannot overlap.
You configure IPsec using Site Manager. You can configure NAT using either the
BCC or Site Manager. When you configure IPsec and NAT on the same router
interface, IPsec
and NAT
operate independently and do not pass traffic to each
other.
When you configure both IPsec and NAT on the same router interface, NAT takes
precedence over IPsec. For example, if the destination address of an incoming IP
packet does not match any configured NAT public address, then the packet is
processed by IPsec. If the IP packet contains an address that falls within the
configured range of an IPsec policy, then the packet is either protected, bypassed,
or dropped. A packet with a source address not within any IPsec policy range will
be dropped.
Note:
Router interfaces configured for bidirectional NAT do not support
IPsec.
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Avaya Configuring IPsec Services User manual

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