EMC Corporation
Corporate Headquarters:
Hopkinton, MA 01748-9103
1
-508-435-1000
www.EMC.com
EMC®VPLEX™
with GeoSynchrony™ 4.1
Installation and Setup Guide
P/N 300-012-105
REV A01
EMC VPLEX with GeoSynchrony 4.1 Installation and Setup Guide
2
Copyright © 2010 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Published December, 2010
EMC believes the information in this publication is accurate as of its publication date. The information is subject to change
without notice.
THE INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” EMC CORPORATION MAKES NO
REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION,
AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.
Use, copying, and distribution of any EMC software described in this publication requires an applicable software license.
For the most up-to-date listing of EMC product names, see EMC Corporation Trademarks on EMC.com.
All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.
For the most up-to-date regulatory document for your product line, go to the Document/Whitepaper Library on EMC
Powerlink.
EMC VPLEX with GeoSynchrony 4.1 Installation and Setup Guide 3
Preface.................................................................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 1 Introduction
VPLEX overview..................................................................................................... 14
Major components............................................................................................ 16
Preparing for a new installation ........................................................................... 18
Required information....................................................................................... 18
Required hardware........................................................................................... 19
Required software ............................................................................................ 19
Required tools ................................................................................................... 19
Reference: VPLEX requirements .................................................................... 19
Chapter 2 Installing the Hardware
Installing a cluster................................................................................................... 22
Task 1: Unpack and set up the cabinet ..........................................................22
Task 2: Check the components ....................................................................... 22
Task 3: Stabilize the equipment ......................................................................23
Task 4: Connect the front-end and back-end cables ....................................24
Task 5: Connect to the customer network .....................................................26
Task 6: VPLEX Metro only: Connect the clusters ........................................26
Task 7: Power the components ON ................................................................27
Chapter 3 Setting up VPLEX
Preliminary tasks .................................................................................................... 32
Setting up a VPLEX Local implementation ........................................................ 33
Task 1: Set the management server’s public IP address .............................33
Task 2: Launch the EZ-Setup Wizard ............................................................40
Task 3: Verify the product version ................................................................. 40
Task 4: Expose back-end storage ....................................................................40
Task 5: Resume EZ-Setup ................................................................................41
Task 6: Create a meta-volume .........................................................................41
Task 7: Enable the front-end ports ................................................................. 42
Task 8: Set up ESRS if necessary .....................................................................42
Task 9: Expose storage to hosts ......................................................................42
Task 10: Perform a rescan ................................................................................45
Setting up a VPLEX Metro implementation ....................................................... 46
Task 1: Set the management server’s public IP address .............................46
Contents
EMC VPLEX with GeoSynchrony 4.1 Installation and Setup Guide
4
Task 2: Launch the EZ-Setup Wizard ............................................................ 55
Task 3: Verify the product version ................................................................ 55
Task 4: Expose back-end storage ................................................................... 55
Task 5: Resume EZ-Setup ............................................................................... 56
Task 6: Create a meta-volume ........................................................................ 56
Task 7: Enable the front-end ports ................................................................. 57
Task 8: Connect to cluster 2 ............................................................................ 57
Task 9: Launch the VPLEX EZ-Setup Wizard on cluster 2 ........................ 64
Task 10: Verify the GeoSynchrony version .................................................. 65
Task 11: Expose back-end storage ................................................................. 65
Task 12: Resume EZ-Setup ............................................................................. 65
Task 13: Create a meta-volume ...................................................................... 65
Task 14: Enable the WAN ports ..................................................................... 66
Task 15: Enable the front-end ports ............................................................... 66
Task 16: Set up ESRS if necessary .................................................................. 67
Task 17: Open a VPlexcli session on cluster 1 .............................................. 67
Task 18: Complete the EZ-Setup on cluster 1 .............................................. 67
Task 19: Verify the date and time on both clusters ..................................... 67
Task 20: Enable the WAN ports on cluster 1 ................................................ 68
Task 21: Zone the WAN ports ........................................................................ 68
Task 22: Connect cluster 1 to the directors in cluster 2 ............................... 68
Task 23: Connect cluster 2 to the directors in cluster 1 ............................... 68
Task 24: Join the clusters ................................................................................. 69
Task 25: Create logging volumes ................................................................... 69
Task 26: Verify that the clusters are fully connected .................................. 70
Task 27: Verify the cluster status ................................................................... 71
Task 28: Expose storage to hosts .................................................................... 71
Task 29: Perform a rescan ............................................................................... 75
Appendix A Reference
IP addresses and component IDs......................................................................... 78
Internal cabling....................................................................................................... 80
Quad-engine configuration ............................................................................ 81
Dual-engine configuration.............................................................................. 85
Single-engine configuration ........................................................................... 89
Cabinet power connections................................................................................... 91
Index ....................................................................................................................................................... 93
EMC VPLEX with GeoSynchrony 4.1 Installation and Setup Guide 5
Title Page
1 VPLEX hardware example: Single-engine configuration................................................ 14
2 VPLEX hardware example: Dual-engine configuration.................................................. 15
3 VPLEX hardware example: Quad-engine configuration ................................................ 16
4 Engine components...............................................................................................................17
5 Directors and I/O module carrier ...................................................................................... 22
6 Power cable wire bails.......................................................................................................... 22
7 Engine components: Front view ......................................................................................... 23
8 VPLEX I/O ports................................................................................................................... 24
9 I/O port cabling: Example for bottom entry..................................................................... 25
10 Management server connection to customer IP network................................................ 26
11 Intercluster cabling................................................................................................................ 26
12 WAN cable routing on cable holders ................................................................................. 27
13 Cabinet power switches and circuit breakers ................................................................... 28
14 SPS power switches ..............................................................................................................28
15 SPS and director LEDs.......................................................................................................... 29
16 UPS, front view...................................................................................................................... 29
17 UPS, rear view ....................................................................................................................... 29
18 Fibre Channel switch, rear (port side) view...................................................................... 30
19 Management server power button and LEDs................................................................... 30
20 Laptop connection to management server ........................................................................ 33
21 PuTTY settings for VPLEX_service session....................................................................... 34
22 PuTTY configuration: SSH protocol ................................................................................... 35
23 PuTTY configuration: Scrollback setting ........................................................................... 35
24 PuTTY Configuration: Logging window........................................................................... 36
25 Director A-side addresses .................................................................................................... 37
26 PuTTY settings for logging in over the customer network............................................. 38
27 PuTTY configuration: Scrollback setting ........................................................................... 39
28 PuTTY Configuration: Logging window........................................................................... 39
29 VPLEX Management Console: Provision Storage button ............................................... 43
30 Laptop connection to management server ........................................................................ 46
31 PuTTY settings for VPLEX_service session....................................................................... 47
32 PuTTY configuration: SSH protocol ................................................................................... 48
33 PuTTY configuration: Scrollback setting ........................................................................... 49
34 PuTTY Configuration: Logging window........................................................................... 50
35 Director A-side addresses in cluster 1................................................................................ 51
36 PuTTY settings for logging in to cluster 1 over the customer network ........................ 52
37 PuTTY configuration: Scrollback setting ........................................................................... 53
38 PuTTY Configuration: Logging window........................................................................... 54
39 PuTTY settings for logging in to cluster 2 over the customer network ........................ 54
40 Laptop connection to management server ........................................................................ 58
Figures
EMC VPLEX with GeoSynchrony 4.1 Installation and Setup Guide
6
Figures
41 PuTTY settings for VPLEX_service session ...................................................................... 59
42 PuTTY configuration: SSH protocol .................................................................................. 59
43 PuTTY configuration: Scrollback setting........................................................................... 60
44 PuTTY Configuration: Logging window .......................................................................... 61
45 Director A-side addresses in cluster 2 ............................................................................... 62
46 PuTTY settings for logging in to cluster 2 over the customer network........................ 63
47 PuTTY configuration: Scrollback setting........................................................................... 63
48 PuTTY Configuration: Logging window .......................................................................... 64
49 VPLEX Management Console: Provision Storage button............................................... 72
50 Component IP addresses in cluster 1................................................................................. 78
51 Component IP addresses in cluster 2................................................................................. 79
52 Ethernet cabling in a quad-engine configuration ............................................................ 81
53 Serial cabling in a quad-engine configuration.................................................................. 82
54 Fibre Channel cabling in a quad-engine configuration................................................... 83
55 AC power cabling in a quad-engine configuration ......................................................... 84
56 Ethernet cabling in a dual-engine configuration ............................................................. 85
57 Serial cabling in a dual-engine configuration................................................................... 86
58 Fibre Channel cabling in a dual-engine configuration.................................................... 87
59 AC power cabling in a dual-engine configuration .......................................................... 88
60 Ethernet cabling in a single-engine configuration........................................................... 89
61 Serial cabling in a single-engine configuration ................................................................ 89
62 Fibre Channel cabling in a single-engine configuration ................................................. 89
63 AC power cabling in a single-engine configuration........................................................ 90
64 Power connectors in a VPLEX cabinet............................................................................... 91
EMC VPLEX with GeoSynchrony 4.1 Installation and Setup Guide 7
Title Page
1 Major VPLEX hardware components................................................................................. 16
2 Data center acclimation times ............................................................................................. 23
Tables
EMC VPLEX with GeoSynchrony 4.1 Installation and Setup Guide 9
The following warnings and cautions pertain throughout this guide.
Warning Trained service personnel only.
This EMC product has more than one power supply cord. To reduce the risk of electric
shock, disconnect all power supply cords before servicing.
Ground-circuit continuity is vital for safe operation of the machine. Never operate
the machine with grounding conductors disconnected. Remember to reconnect any
grounding conductors removed for or during any installation procedure.
Attention Resérvé au personnel autorisé.
Cet appareil EMC comporte plus d'un cordon d'alimentation. Afin de prévenir les
chocs électriques, débranchez tous les cordons d'alimentation avant de faire le
dépannage.
Un circuit de terre continu est essentiel en vue du fonctionnement sécurisé de
l'appareil. Ne mettez jamais l'appareil en marche lorsque le conducteur de mise à la
terre est débranché.
Warnung Nur für Fachpersonal.
Dieses EMC Produkt verfügt über mehrere elektrische Netzanschlüsse. Zur
Vermeidung eines elektrischen Schlages sind vor Servicearbeiten an der
Stromversorgung alle Netzanschlüsse zu trennen.
Kontinuierliche Erdung ist notwendig während der gesamten Betriebsdauer des
Gerätes. Es ist unzulässig das Gerät ohne Erdung zu betreiben. Gerät muss geerdet
werden, bevor es am Stromnetz angeschlossen wird.
Additional warnings
and cautions
Before attempting to service the EMC hardware described in this document, observe
the following additional warnings and cautions:
WARNING
The hardware enclosure contains no user-serviceable parts, so it should not be moved
or opened for any reason by untrained persons. If the hardware needs to be relocated
or repaired, only qualified personnel familiar with safety procedures for electrical
equipment and EMC hardware should access components inside the unit or move the
unit.
Warnings and Cautions
EMC VPLEX with GeoSynchrony 4.1 Installation and Setup Guide
10
Warnings and Cautions
WARNING
This product operates at high voltages. To protect against physical harm, power off
the system whenever possible while servicing.
WARNING
In case of fire or other emergency, isolate the system's power involved and alert
appropriate personnel.
CAUTION
!
Trained personnel are advised to exercise great care at all times when working on
the EMC hardware.
Remember to:
◆Remove rings, watches, or other jewelry and neckties before you begin any
procedures.
◆Use caution near any moving part and any part that may start unexpectedly
such as fans, motors, solenoids, etc.
◆Always use the correct tools for the job.
◆Always use the correct replacement parts.
◆Keep all paperwork, including incident reports, up to date, complete, and
accurate.
Static precautions EMC incorporates state-of-the-art technology in its designs, including the use of LSI
and VLSI components. These chips are very susceptible to damage caused by static
discharge and need to be handled accordingly.
CAUTION
!
Before handling printed circuit boards or other parts containing LSI and/or VLSI
components, observe the following precautions:
◆Store all printed circuit boards in antistatic bags.
◆Use a ground strap whenever you handle a printed circuit board.
◆Unless specifically designed for nondisruptive replacement, never plug or
unplug printed circuit boards with the power on. Severe component damage
may result.
EMC VPLEX with GeoSynchrony 4.1 Installation and Setup Guide 11
Preface
As part of an effort to improve and enhance the performance and capabilities of its product
lines, EMC periodically releases revisions of its hardware and software. Therefore, some
functions described in this document may not be supported by all versions of the software or
hardware currently in use. For the most up-to-date information on product features, refer to
your product release notes.
If a product does not function properly or does not function as described in this document,
please contact your EMC representative.
Audience This document is intended for use by VPLEX customers and/or EMC field personnel
as an aid in setting up a new VPLEX installation.
Persons performing the procedures described in this document should be familiar
with Linux commands and text editors.
Related
documentation
Related documentation (avaliable on EMC Powerlink®) includes:
◆EMC VPLEX Site Preparation Guide
◆EMC VPLEX Pre-installation Configuration Worksheet
◆EMC VPLEX Security Configuration Guide
◆EMC VPLEX Getting Started Guide
◆EMC VPLEX with GeoSynchrony 4.1 and Point Releases Release Notes
◆EMC Best Practices Guide for AC Power Connections in Two-PDP Bays
◆EMC AC Power Configuration Worksheet
◆40U-C Unpacking and Setup Guide
◆EMC VPLEX CLI Guide
◆Implementation and Planning Best Practices for EMC VPLEX Technical Notes
◆Customer Service Procedure: EMC Secure Remote Support Gateway, available in the
Application Download Area on the Global Services website
◆VPLEX procedure generator
The VPLEX GUI also provides online help.
Conventions used in
this document
EMC uses the following conventions for special notices.
Note: A note presents information that is important, but not hazard-related.
EMC VPLEX with GeoSynchrony 4.1 Installation and Setup Guide
12
Preface
CAUTION
!
A caution contains information essential to avoid data loss or damage to the system
or equipment.
IMPORTANT
!
An important notice contains information essential to operation of the software.
WARNING
A warning contains information essential to avoid a hazard that can cause severe
personal injury, death, or substantial property damage if you ignore the warning.
Typographical conventions
EMC uses the following type style conventions in this document:
Where to get help EMC support, product, and licensing information can be obtained as follows.
Product information — For documentation, release notes, software updates, or for
information about EMC products, licensing, and service, go to the EMC Powerlink
website (registration required) at:
http://Powerlink.EMC.com
Technical support — For technical support, go to EMC Customer Service on
Powerlink. To open a service request through Powerlink, you must have a valid
support agreement. Please contact your EMC sales representative for details about
obtaining a valid support agreement or to answer any questions about your account.
Your comments Your suggestions will help us continue to improve the accuracy, organization, and
overall quality of the user publications. Please send your opinion of this document to:
Bold Used in running (nonprocedural) text for:
• Names of commands, daemons, options, programs, processes, services,
applications, utilities, kernels, notifications, system call, man pages
Used in procedures for:
• Names of interface elements (such as names of windows, dialog boxes, buttons,
fields, and menus)
• What user specifically selects, clicks, presses, or types
Italic Used in all text (including procedures) for:
• Full titles of publications referenced in text
• Emphasis (for example a new term)
• Variables
Courier Used for:
• System output, such as an error message or script
• URLs, complete paths, filenames, prompts, and syntax when shown outside of
running text
Courier bold Used for specific user input (such as commands)
Courier italic Used in procedures for variables on command line
<> Angle brackets enclose parameter or variable values supplied by the user
[] Square brackets enclose optional values
|Vertical bar indicates alternate selections - the bar means “or”
Introduction 13
1
This chapter provides an overview of the EMC®VPLEX™ hardware components.
Note: Review the “Documentation” section in the current VPLEX release notes for any
corrections to this document. EMC recommends that you mark up a copy of this guide with
any corrections identified in the release notes. This can help minimize errors during
installation.
◆VPLEX overview ........................................................................................................... 14
◆Preparing for a new installation.................................................................................. 18
Introduction
EMC VPLEX with GeoSynchrony 4.1 Installation and Setup Guide
14
Introduction
VPLEX overview
Figure 1 through Figure 3 show the main hardware components in the three available
configurations of an EMC®VPLEX™ cluster (a single-cabinet configuration). A
VPLEX implementation can be VPLEX Local™ (single cluster) or VPLEX Metro™
(two clusters, separated by up to 5 ms round trip time, or RTT).
Note: The component placement shown for single-engine and dual-engine configurations
allows for nondisruptive upgrades to larger configurations.
Figure 1 VPLEX hardware example: Single-engine configuration
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
SPS 1
Engine 1
Management server
Director 1A
Director 1B
Zep-008
VPLEX overview 15
Introduction
Figure 2 VPLEX hardware example: Dual-engine configuration
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
SPS 1
Engine 1
UPS A
Fibre Channel switch A
Fibre Channel switch B
Management server
Director 1A
Director 1B
SPS 2
Engine 2 Director 2A
Director 2B
UPS B
Zep-07
EMC VPLEX with GeoSynchrony 4.1 Installation and Setup Guide
16
Introduction
Figure 3 VPLEX hardware example: Quad-engine configuration
Major components Table 1 describes the major hardware components in a VPLEX cluster.
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
ON
I
OFF
O
SPS 1
Engine 1
UPS A
Fibre Channel switch A
Fibre Channel switch B
Management server
Director 1A
Director 1B
SPS 2
Engine 2
SPS 3
Engine 3
SPS 4
Engine 4
Director 2A
Director 2B
Director 3A
Director 3B
Director 4A
Director 4B
UPS B
Zep-06
Table 1 Major VPLEX hardware components
Component Description
Engine (shown in
Figure 4 on page 17)
Contains the following:
• Two directors, each running VPLEX GeoSynchrony™ software and containing four Fibre Channel I/O
modules. Two I/O modules are dedicated to front-end host connections, and two are dedicated to
back-end storage connections. Each I/O module contains four 8 Gb/s Fibre Channel ports.
• I/O module carrier, containing two Fibre Channel I/O modules (one for each director) for intersite and
intrasite communication. Each I/O module provides four Fibre Channel ports.
• CPU module.
• Two 30 GB solid state drives (SSDs), one for each director.
• Two management modules
• Two redundant power supplies
• Four fans
Standby power
supply (SPS)
Provides backup power (through a pair or redundant modules) that allows an engine to ride through transient
(30 seconds or less) power loss.
VPLEX overview 17
Introduction
Figure 4 Engine components
Fibre Channel COM
switches
Provide highly available connectivity among the directors in a dual-engine or quad-engine cluster.
Uninterrupted power
supplies (UPS)
Provide backup power to the COM switches and management server in a dual-engine or quad-engine
cluster, allowing the connected components to continue operating through a power loss of up to 30 seconds.
Management server Provides management to the other components in the cluster, and provides an interface for access from a
remote management station.
Management server functions include:
• Hosting VPLEX software.
• Providing an interface between the customer and the VPLEX cluster.
• Generating Call Home events.
• Enabling secure management between clusters in a Metro-Plex.
• Protecting the internal management network from the customer LAN.
• Providing access to VPLEX components for field-replaceable unit (FRU) replacement procedures.
• Facilitating nondisruptive upgrades (NDU)
Table 1 Major VPLEX hardware components
Component Description
Zep-004a
0
F
1
F
3
F
2
F
IOM B0
0
F
1
F
3
F
2
F
IOM B1
0
B
1
B
3
B
2
B
IOM B2
0
B
1
B
3
B
2
B
IOM B3
0
F
1
F
3
F
2
F
IOM A0
0
F
1
F
3
F
2
F
IOM A1
0
B
1
B
3
B
2
B
IOM A2
0
B
1
B
3
B
2
B
IOM A3
0
L
1
L
3
W
2
W
IOM B4
0
n
1
n
3
n
2
n
IOM B5
0
L
1
L
3
W
2
W
IOM A4
0
n
1
n
3
n
2
n
IOM A5
IOM = I/O module
F = Front-end SAN port
B = Back-end SAN port
L = Local COM port
W = WAN COM port (for multi-cluster plex)
n = not currently used
Director A
Director B
I/O module carrier
Side A mgmt. module
Side B
mgmt. module
Power supply B Power supply A
EMC VPLEX with GeoSynchrony 4.1 Installation and Setup Guide
18
Introduction
Preparing for a new installation
Note: Although most of this guide is intended for use by customers, this section is for use by
EMC personnel.
Before installing a new VPLEX cluster:
◆Verify that all necessary hardware has been received at the customer site(s), as
documented in the purchase order and shipping list.
◆Verify that two storage devices of at least 78 GB each have been allocated for use
as a VPLEX meta-volume and a mirrored copy. (The meta-volume will contain
RAID and virtual volume metadata.)
Each storage device should be from a different array.
Note: If the meta-volume is on an EMC CLARiiON®array, there must be active paths to all
VPLEX directors from the meta-volume LUN.
You must ensure that these storage devices will provide a maximum average
response time of 10 ms (for random 4K reads). The best practice to ensure this is
to allocate dedicated spindles on the array for any LUN that will be used as part
of the meta-volume mirror.
◆Verify that the conditions identified in “Reference: VPLEX requirements” on
page 19 have been met.
Required
information
Confirm that you have the following information:
◆Completed VPLEX Pre-installation Configuration Worksheet, available with other
VPLEX documentation on EMC Powerlink®
◆Default passwords, which are listed in the EMC VPLEX Security Configuration
Guide
◆EMC Secure Remote Support (ESRS) gateway information:
• ESRS gateway account
• Model Number — VS1
• Serial Number — Top-level assembly number (TLA) of the cluster, available
on the serial number tag attached to the top rear of the cabinet frame member
(and on the packing slip)
• Site ID — Provided by ESRS
• IP address — Address of the public Ethernet port on the VPLEX management
server
Preparing for a new installation 19
Introduction
Required hardware You must have a laptop, desktop, PC, or similar device with a keyboard and
graphical interface for connecting to the VPLEX management server and configuring
your VPLEX cluster(s). For convenience, this guide uses the term laptop to describe
the device.
Before starting the installation and configuration procedures described in this guide,
confirm that your laptop has the following:
◆USB port.
◆CD-ROM drive.
◆Fully charged batteries — For mobility between the lab environment and a
quieter location from which you can perform most of the configuration tasks.
Generally, access to power outlets will not be a problem. Just in case, however,
fully charged batteries could be useful.
◆Laptop power supply or laptop-to-rack power cord — For assurance of power.
Required software Confirm that you have the following on your laptop:
◆Windows OS
◆PuTTY, version 0.60 or later (download from www.putty.org) or similar SSH
client
◆FTP client (download from SourceForge.net) and/or PSCP client
◆If you want to use the VPLEX GUI:
• Web browser (Firefox v3.5.5 or v3.5.7, or Internet Explorer 7)
• Adobe Flash Player 10.0.0 or higher
Required tools You will need the following tools when unpacking and installing a VPLEX cluster:
◆Screwdrivers (#2 Phillips and medium flat-head)
◆Adjustable or 3/4-inch wrench (to remove shipping plates)
◆7/16-inch socket wrench (to remove shipping plates)
◆8 mm Allen wrench or cabinet door key (to open and secure the doors)
◆Knife or wire cutters (to cut strapping)
Reference: VPLEX
requirements
Use redundant physical Fibre Channel links to connect:
◆Each host to the VPLEX directors
◆Each director to the back-end storage
To prevent data unavailability:
◆Ensure that each host in a storage view has paths to at least two directors in each
cluster.
◆Ensure that multi-pathing is configured in such a way that the paths are
distributed evenly between directors A and B in each engine.
◆Use redundant SAN fabrics.
As Figure 8 on page 24 shows, each director should connect to both fabrics with
both the front-end and back-end ports. Connecting the ports as shown prevents
data unavailability if a single I/O module fails.
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