Autodesk AutoCAD LT 2011 Operating instructions

AutoCAD LT 2011

User’s Guide

February 2010

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Contents

Get Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 1 Find the Information You Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Find Information Using InfoCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Overview of InfoCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Search For Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Access Subscription Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Receive Product Updates and Announcements . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Save and Access Favorite Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Specify InfoCenter Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Search Topics in Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Learn the Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

View the Product Readme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Join the Customer Involvement Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Chapter 2 Get Information from Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Obtain General Drawing Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Count Objects Within a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

The User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

iii

Chapter 3 Tools in the Application Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

The Application Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Search for Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Access Common Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Browse Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Quick Access Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

The Ribbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Overview of the Ribbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Display and Organize the Ribbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Customize the Ribbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Chapter 4 Other Tool Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Access the Classic Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Status Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Application Status Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Drawing Status Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Keytips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

The Command Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Enter Commands on the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Enter System Variables on the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Navigate and Edit Within the Command Window . . . . . . . . . 56

Switch Between Dialog Boxes and the Command Line . . . . . . 58

Dock, Resize, and Hide the Command Window . . . . . . . . . . 60

Shortcut Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Tool Palettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Create and Use Tools from Objects and Images . . . . . . . . . . 67

Create and Use Command Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Change Tool Palette Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Control Tool Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Customize Tool Palettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Organize Tool Palettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Save and Share Tool Palettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

DesignCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Overview of DesignCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Understand the DesignCenter Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Access Content with DesignCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Add Content with DesignCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Retrieve Content from the Web with DesignCenter Online . . . . 99

Chapter 5 Customize the Drawing Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Set Interface Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Set Up the Drawing Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Switch Between Model Space and Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

iv | Contents

Specify Application Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Specify the Behavior of Dockable Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Control the Display of Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Create Task-Based Workspaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Customize Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Migrate and Specify Initial Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Start and Save Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Chapter 6 Start a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Overview of Starting a New Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Specify Units and Unit Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Determine the Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Set the Unit Format Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Use a Drawing Template File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Add Identifying Information to Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Specify the Geographic Location of a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Chapter 7 Open or Save a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Open a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Work with Multiple Open Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Preview Open Drawings and Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Switch Between Open Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Switch Between Layouts in the Current Drawing . . . . . . . . . 175

Transfer Information between Open Drawings . . . . . . . . . . 178

Save a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Find a Drawing File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Specify Search Paths and File Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Chapter 8 Repair, Restore, or Recover Drawing Files . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Repair a Damaged Drawing File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Create and Restore Backup Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Recover from a System Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Control the Drawing Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Chapter 9 Change Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Pan or Zoom a View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Pan and Zoom with the Aerial View Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Pan and Zoom with SteeringWheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Overview of SteeringWheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

2D Navigation Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Contents | v

Navigation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Save and Restore Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Control the 3D Projection Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Define a Parallel Projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Choose Preset 3D Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Define a 3D View with Coordinate Values or Angles . . . . . . . 220

Change to a View of the XY Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Hide Lines or Shade 3D Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Hide Lines in 3D Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Add Simple Shading to 3D Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Chapter 10 Use Viewing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Navigate with SteeringWheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Overview of SteeringWheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Navigation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Use Navigation Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Available Navigation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Reposition and Reorient the Navigation Bar . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Control the Display of Navigation Tools on the Navigation

Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Use 3Dconnexion 3D mouse to Navigate Views . . . . . . . . . 242

Chapter 11 Display Multiple Views in Model Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Set Model Space Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Select and Use the Current Viewport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Save and Restore Model Tab Viewport Arrangements . . . . . . . . . . 250

Organize Drawings and Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Chapter 12 Create Single-View Drawings (Model Space) . . . . . . . . . . 255

Quick Start for Model Space Drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Draw, Scale, and Annotate in Model Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Chapter 13 Create Multiple-View Drawing Layouts (Paper Space) . . . . . 263

Quick Start for Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Understand the Layout Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Work with Model Space and Paper Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Work on the Model Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Work on a Layout Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Access Model Space from a Layout Viewport . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Export a Layout to Model Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Create and Modify Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Add Date and Time Stamps to Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

vi | Contents

Control Views in Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Scale Views in Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Control Visibility in Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Scale Linetypes in Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Align Views in Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Rotate Views in Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Reuse Layouts and Layout Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

Create and Modify Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Chapter 14 Control the Properties of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Work with Object Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Overview of Object Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Display and Change the Properties of Objects . . . . . . . . . . 307

Copy Properties Between Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Work with Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Overview of Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Use Layers to Manage Complexity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Create and Name Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Change Layer Settings and Layer Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Override Layer Properties in Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Filter and Sort the List of Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Use New Layer Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Reconcile New Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Work with Layer States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Work with Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

Set the Current Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

Change the Color of an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

Use Color Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Work with Linetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Overview of Linetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Load Linetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Set the Current Linetype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Change the Linetype of an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Control Linetype Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Display Linetypes on Short Segments and Polylines . . . . . . . 369

Control Lineweights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Overview of Lineweights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Display Lineweights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Set the Current Lineweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Change the Lineweight of an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Control the Display Properties of Certain Objects . . . . . . . . . . . 378

Control the Display of Polylines, Hatches, Gradient Fills,

Lineweights, and Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378

Control the Transparency of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Contents | vii

Control How Overlapping Objects Are Displayed . . . . . . . . . 383

Control the Display of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

Chapter 15 Use Precision Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Use Coordinates and Coordinate Systems (UCS) . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Overview of Coordinate Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Enter 2D Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

Enter 3D Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

Understand the User Coordinate System (UCS) . . . . . . . . . . 399

Control the Display of the User Coordinate System Icon . . . . . 404

Use Dynamic Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

Snap to Locations on Objects (Object Snaps) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Use Object Snaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

The Object Snap Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Set Visual Aids for Object Snaps (AutoSnap) . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Override Object Snap Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Restrict Cursor Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Adjust Grid and Grid Snap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Use Orthogonal Locking (Ortho Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Use Polar Tracking and PolarSnap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Lock an Angle for One Point (Angle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Combine or Offset Points and Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

Combine Coordinate Values (Coordinate Filters) . . . . . . . . . 433

Track to Points on Objects (Object Snap Tracking) . . . . . . . . 435

Track to Offset Point Locations (Tracking) . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Specify Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

Enter Direct Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

Offset from Temporary Reference Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Specify Intervals on Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

Extract Geometric Information from Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

Obtain Distances, Angles, and Point Locations . . . . . . . . . . 447

Obtain Area and Mass Properties Information . . . . . . . . . . 448

Use a Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Use the QuickCalc Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Use the Command Prompt Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

Chapter 16 Draw Geometric Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Draw Linear Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Draw Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Draw Polylines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

Draw Rectangles and Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

Draw Double Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

Draw Freehand Sketches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

Draw Curved Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Draw Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

viii | Contents

Draw Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

Draw Polyline Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

Draw Donuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

Draw Ellipses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

Draw Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506

Draw Construction and Reference Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

Draw Reference Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

Draw Construction Lines (and Rays) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

Create and Combine Areas (Regions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

Create Revision Clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

Chapter 17 Change Existing Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

Select Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

Select Objects Individually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

Select Multiple Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

Prevent Objects from Being Selected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527

Select Objects by Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

Customize Object Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

Group Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

Correct Mistakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

Erase Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

Use Windows Cut, Copy, and Paste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551

Modify Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

Choose a Method to Modify Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

Edit Objects with Grips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

Move or Rotate Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

Copy, Offset, or Mirror Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576

Change the Size and Shape of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586

Fillet, Chamfer, Break, or Join Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

Modify Complex Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608

Disassociate Compound Objects (Explode) . . . . . . . . . . . . 608

Modify Polylines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

Modify Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615

Chapter 18 Add Constraints to Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

Overview of Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

Constrain Objects Geometrically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623

Overview of Geometric Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623

Apply or Remove Geometric Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Display and Verify Geometric Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . 629

Modify Objects with Geometric Constraints Applied . . . . . . . 633

Constrain Distances and Angles between Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

Overview of Dimensional Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

Control the Display of Dimensional Constraints . . . . . . . . . 639

Modify Objects with Dimensional Constraints Applied . . . . . 641

Contents | ix

Constrain a Design with Formulas and Equations . . . . . . . . . . . 644

Overview of Formulas and Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645

Control Geometry with the Parameters Manager . . . . . . . . . 646

Organize Parameters into Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

Define and Reference Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

Chapter 19 Work with Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

Overview of Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

Insert Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

Work with Dynamic Blocks in Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662

Overview of Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662

Work With Action Parameters in Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

Work With Constraint Parameters in Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . 666

Remove Block Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

Chapter 20 Create and Modify Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669

Define Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669

Create Blocks Within a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669

Create Drawing Files for Use as Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671

Control the Color and Linetype Properties in Blocks . . . . . . . 674

Nest Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676

Create Block Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677

Use Tool Palettes to Organize Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678

Create Construction Geometry Within a Block . . . . . . . . . . 678

Attach Data to Blocks (Block Attributes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

Overview of Block Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

Define Block Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682

Extract Block Attribute Data (Advanced) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686

Modify Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692

Modify a Block Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692

Modify the Data in Block Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694

Modify a Block Attribute Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696

Disassemble a Block Reference (Explode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701

Chapter 21 Add Behaviors to Blocks (Dynamic Blocks) . . . . . . . . . . . 703

Overview of Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703

Quick Start to Creating Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704

Create and Edit Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705

Overview of the Block Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706

Create Custom Block Authoring Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708

Test Blocks Within the Block Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

Modify Dynamic Block Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712

x | Contents

Add Action Parameters to Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714

Overview of Actions and Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714

Add Parameters to Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718

Add Actions to Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

Specify Properties for Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733

Specify Value Sets for Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738

Specify Distance and Angle Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741

Specify Grips for Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741

Control the Visibility of Objects in a Block . . . . . . . . . . . . 747

Work with 3D Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753

Chapter 22 Create 3D Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755

Create Wireframe Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755

Add 3D Thickness to Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757

Annotate Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761

Chapter 23 Work with Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763

Overview of Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763

Scale Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764

Overview of Scaling Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765

Set Annotation Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767

Create Annotative Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769

Display Annotative Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791

Add and Modify Scale Representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793

Set Orientation for Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796

Chapter 24 Hatches, Fills, and Wipeouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799

Overview of Hatch Patterns and Fills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799

Specify Hatch and Fill Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807

Control the Appearance of Hatches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812

Choose a Hatch Pattern or Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812

Control the Hatch Origin Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818

Control the Scale of Hatch Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820

Set Property Overrides for Hatches and Fills . . . . . . . . . . . 823

Control the Display of Hatch Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825

Control the Draw Order of Hatches and Fills . . . . . . . . . . . 828

Modify Hatches and Fills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829

Modify Hatch Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829

Modify Hatch Alignment, Scale, and Rotation . . . . . . . . . . 830

Reshape a Hatch or Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831

Re-create the Boundary of a Hatch or Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833

Contents | xi

Create a Blank Area to Cover Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835

Chapter 25 Notes and Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837

Overview of Notes and Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837

Create Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840

Overview of Creating Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840

Create Single-Line Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844

Create Multiline Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848

Create and Edit Columns in Multiline Text . . . . . . . . . . . . 871

Import Text from External Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874

Create Leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876

Overview of Leader Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876

Create and Modify Leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878

Work with Leader Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886

Add Content to a Leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888

Use Fields in Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892

Insert Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892

Update Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896

Use Hyperlinks in Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899

Work with Text Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901

Overview of Text Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901

Assign Text Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904

Set Text Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911

Set Text Obliquing Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913

Set Horizontal or Vertical Text Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . 914

Change Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915

Overview of Changing Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915

Change Single-Line Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916

Change Multiline Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918

Find and Replace Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921

Change Text Scale and Justification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923

Check Spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925

Use an Alternate Text Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929

Overview of Using an Alternate Text Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . 929

Format Multiline Text in an Alternate Text Editor . . . . . . . . 930

Chapter 26 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935

Create and Modify Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935

Link a Table to External Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939

Work with Table Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942

Add Text and Blocks to Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945

Use Formulas in Table Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949

Chapter 27 Dimensions and Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955

xii | Contents

Understand Basic Concepts of Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955

Overview of Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955

Parts of a Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958

Associative Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959

Use Dimension Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961

Overview of Dimension Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962

Compare Dimension Styles and Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963

Control Dimension Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965

Control Dimension Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974

Control Dimension Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 986

Set the Scale for Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998

Create Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1001

Create Linear Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1001

Create Radial Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1010

Create Angular Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017

Create Ordinate Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020

Create Arc Length Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022

Modify Existing Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023

Modify A Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023

Apply a New Dimension Style to Existing Dimensions . . . . . 1037

Override a Dimension Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038

Modify Dimension Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1040

Modify Dimension Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044

Change Dimension Associativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1047

Add Geometric Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1050

Overview of Geometric Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1050

Material Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1052

Datum Reference Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053

Projected Tolerance Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1054

Composite Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055

Plot and Publish Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057

Chapter 28 Prepare Drawings for Plotting and Publishing . . . . . . . . 1059

Quick Start to Saving Settings for Plotting and Publishing . . . . . . 1059

Specify Page Setup Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1060

Overview of Page Setup Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1060

Select a Printer or Plotter for a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1062

Select a Paper Size for a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063

Set the Plot Area of a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1068

Adjust the Plot Offset of a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069

Set the Plot Scale for a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071

Set the Lineweight Scale for a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072

Select a Plot Style Table for a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073

Set Shaded Viewport and Plot Options for a Layout . . . . . . . 1076

Contents | xiii

Determine the Drawing Orientation of a Layout . . . . . . . . 1078

Use the Layout Wizard to Specify Layout Settings . . . . . . . . . . . 1079

Import PCP or PC2 Settings into a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1080

Create and Use Named Page Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081

Chapter 29 Plot Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087

Quick Start to Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087

Overview of Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087

Use a Page Setup to Specify Plot Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1092

Select a Printer or Plotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094

Specify the Area to Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095

Set Paper Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1096

Position the Drawing on the Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1099

Specify the Printable Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1099

Set the Position of the Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1100

Set Drawing Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101

Control How Objects Are Plotted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101

Set Plot Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101

Set Options for Plotted Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104

Use Plot Styles to Control Plotted Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . 1108

Use Color-Dependent Plot Style Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117

Use Named Plot Style Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1118

Change Plot Style Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125

Preview a Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137

Plot Files to Other Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138

Plot DWF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138

Plot DWFx Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139

Plot to DXB File Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1140

Plot to Raster File Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141

Plot Adobe PDF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1143

Plot Adobe PostScript Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145

Create Plot Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147

Chapter 30 Publish Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1149

Overview of Publishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1149

Create and Modify a Drawing Set for Publishing . . . . . . . . . . . 1152

Create a Paper or Plot File Drawing Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1155

Publish an Electronic Drawing Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1156

Republish a Drawing Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1161

View Electronic Drawing Sets with Autodesk Design Review . . . . . 1162

Set Publish Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1164

Share Data Between Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171

xiv | Contents

Chapter 31 Reference Other Drawing Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173

Overview of Referenced Drawings (Xrefs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173

Attach and Detach Referenced Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1176

Attach Drawing References (Xrefs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1176

Set Paths to Referenced Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1181

Detach Referenced Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183

Update and Bind Referenced Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1184

Nest and Overlay Referenced Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1184

Update Referenced Drawing Attachments . . . . . . . . . . . . 1186

Archive Drawings That Contain Referenced Drawings

(Bind) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1189

Clip External References and Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1190

Edit Referenced Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195

Edit a Referenced Drawing in a Separate Window . . . . . . . . 1195

Edit Selected Objects in Referenced Drawings and Blocks . . . . 1196

Use the Working Set to Edit Referenced Drawings and

Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200

Save Back Edited Referenced Drawings and Blocks . . . . . . . 1202

Edit Referenced Drawings and Blocks with Nesting, OLE, or

Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203

Resolve Referenced Drawing Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205

Resolve Missing External References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205

Resolve Circular External References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1207

Resolve Name Conflicts in External References . . . . . . . . . 1207

Track External Reference Operations (Log File) . . . . . . . . . 1209

Increase Performance with Large Referenced Drawings . . . . . . . . 1212

Overview of Demand Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212

Unload Xrefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1213

Work with Demand Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1214

Work with Layer and Spatial Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1216

Set Paths for Temporary Xref File Copies . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217

Chapter 32 Link and Embed Data (OLE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219

Overview of Object Linking and Embedding . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219

Import OLE Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1222

Overview of Importing OLE Objects into Drawings . . . . . . . 1222

Link OLE Objects in Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1223

Embed OLE Objects in Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1226

Export OLE Objects from Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1229

Edit OLE Objects in Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1231

Chapter 33 Work with Data in Other Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1235

Import Other File Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1235

Convert DXF Files to DWG Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1235

Contents | xv

Import MicroStation DGN Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1236

Manage Translation Mapping Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1238

Insert WMF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1242

Attach Files as Underlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1244

Overview of Underlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1244

Attach, Scale, and Detach Underlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1245

Work with Underlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255

Manage and Publish Drawings Containing Underlays . . . . . 1269

Attach Raster Image Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1276

Overview of Raster Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1276

Attach, Scale, and Detach Raster Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1278

Modify Raster Images and Image Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . 1282

Manage Raster Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1289

Tune Raster Image Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1294

Use Drawings from Different Versions and Applications . . . . . . . 1297

Work with Drawings in Earlier Releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1297

Save Drawings to Previous Drawing File Formats . . . . . . . . 1301

Work with AutoCAD Drawings in AutoCAD LT . . . . . . . . . 1304

Work with Custom and Proxy Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1308

Chapter 34 Access External Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1311

Manage Files with Autodesk Vault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1311

Collaborate with Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1313

Chapter 35 Protect and Sign Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1315

Drawing Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1315

Overview of Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1315

View Password-Protected Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1316

Sign Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318

Overview of Digital Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318

Personally Sign Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1320

View Drawings with Digital Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1327

Chapter 36 Use the Internet for Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1333

Get Started with Internet Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1333

Add Hyperlinks to a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1334

Overview of Using Hyperlinks in a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . 1334

Use a Hyperlink to Access a File or a Web Page . . . . . . . . . 1335

Use a Hyperlink to Create an Email Message . . . . . . . . . . 1339

Use Hyperlinks in Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1340

Use a Hyperlink to Start a New Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1342

Work with Drawing Files over the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1343

xvi | Contents

Open and Save Drawing Files from the Internet . . . . . . . . . 1343

Share Drawing Files Internationally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1347

Access Buzzsaw for Project Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . 1349

Work with Xrefs over the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1355

Package a Set of Files for Internet Transmission . . . . . . . . . 1356

Review and Markup Files with Design Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1363

Use the Publish to Web Wizard to Create Web Pages . . . . . . . . . 1365

Use Autodesk Seek to Add and Share Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . 1366

Chapter 37 Use Markups for Design Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1369

Overview of Using Markups for Design Review . . . . . . . . . . . . 1369

Publish Drawings for Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1370

Insert Markups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1371

View Markups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1371

Respond to Markups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1376

Republish a Markup Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1378

Render Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1381

Chapter 38 Draw 2D Isometric Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1383

Set Isometric Grid and Snap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1383

Draw Isometric Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1385

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1387

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1413

Contents | xvii

xviii

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