Invacare Force-2 User manual

TopEnd®Force™

Force-2,ForceG,ForceK,ForceRX,ForceCC

ENHandcycleSeries

UserManual

ThismanualMUSTbegiventotheuseroftheproduct.

BEFOREusingthisproduct,readthismanualandsaveforfuturereference.

Allrightsreserved.Republication,duplicationormodificationinwholeorinpartisprohibitedwithout

priorwrittenpermissionfromInvacare.Trademarksareidentifiedby™and®.Alltrademarksare

ownedbyorlicensedtoInvacareCorporationoritssubsidiariesunlessotherwisenoted.

ShimanoisaregisteredtrademarkofShimanoInc.

3-in-1oilisaregisteredtrademarkofAmericanHomeProductsCorporation.

TeflonisaregisteredtrademarkofE.I.DuPontDeNemoursandCompany.

PhillipsisaregisteredtrademarkofthePhillipsScrewCompany.

WD-40isaregisteredtrademarkofWD-40Company.

LemondisaregisteredtrademarkofLemondFitness.

CaneCreekisaregisteredtrademarkofCaneCreekCyclingComponents,Inc.

PleaserecordyourserialnumberSN#_________________.

TheSNisrequiredforanywarrantyclaimsandplacingaftermarketpartsorders.

Contents

1General......................................5

1.1Symbols..................................5

1.2IntendedUse..............................5

1.3Dealer/TechnicianInformation.................5

2Safety........................................6

2.1GeneralGuidelines..........................6

2.2ProperFit................................6

2.3OperatingInformation.......................7

2.4TransferringInto/OutoftheHandcycle...........9

......................................10

2.5SafetyInspectionChecklist....................11

3Overview.....................................12

3.1LabelLocations............................12

Force-2Label............................12

ForceGLabel...........................13

ForceKLabel............................14

ForceRXLabel..........................15

ForceCCLabel..........................16

3.2TypicalProductParameters...................17

3.3ComponentIdentification.....................27

3.4TirePressureConversion.....................32

4Assembly-Force-2Only.........................33

4.1AssemblingtheForce-2Handcycle..............33

5Operation....................................41

5.1GeneralOperationInstructions................41

5.2ShiftingGears.............................43

5.3Backing-UpandManeuveringinTightAreas........45

5.4Braking..................................46

5.5Steering,TurningandCornering................48

5.6DeterminingToeIn/ToeOut..................49

5.7AdjustingToeIn/ToeOut.....................50

5.8AdjustingHandCrank.......................50

5.9AdjustingSeatFore/Aft.......................51

5.10AdjustingBackAngle........................52

5.11ReplacingtheBolted-onHeadrest...............54

6ServiceProcedures.............................55

6.1InstallingRearWheelswithThreadedAxles.......55

6.2ReplacingTire/TubeandTuning/Replacementof

Spokes..................................55

6.3ReplacingCamberInserts.....................55

6.4Removing/InstallingtheFork...................56

6.5Removing/InstallingtheFrontWheel.............57

6.6ReplacingtheCrankArms....................58

6.7Installing/Removing/AdjustingtheSteering

Dampener................................60

6.8InstallingTwenty-SevenorThirtySpeedCassette

Chain...................................61

6.9AdjustingTwenty-SevenorThirtySpeedCassette

Chain...................................62

6.10InstallingHandCrankHandles.................62

6.11InstallingV/SCrankarmHandles................62

6.12Adjusting/ReplacingthePrimaryCaliperBrakeand

ParkingBrake.............................63

6.13DiscBrakes...............................64

6.14ReplacingSeatUpholstery....................65

6.15ReplacingBackCushion......................66

6.16IntegratedBackrestStrapReplacement...........66

6.17Replacing/AdjustingtheFootrest................67

6.18Using/ReplacingtheFootrestStrap..............68

7Troubleshooting...............................70

7.1Troubleshooting...........................70

8Maintenance..................................71

8.1SuggestedMaintenanceProcedures..............71

9Options......................................72

9.1InstallingSafetyLights........................72

9.2InstallingtheWaterBottle....................73

9.3UsingSafetyHelmet.........................74

9.4InstallingtheComputer......................74

9.5Assembling/Adjusting/UsingtheHandcycle

Rack....................................75

9.6UsingtheAlignmentGauge....................77

9.7AdditionalOptions..........................78

10Warranty.....................................82

10.1Warranty................................82

10.2European,Australian,andNewZealandLimited

WarrantyInformationandCustomerService.......84

10.3UsabilitySurvey............................85

General

1General

1.1Symbols

Warnings

Signalwordsareusedinthismanualandapplytohazardsorunsafe

practiceswhichcouldresultinpersonalinjuryorpropertydamage.

Seetheinformationbelowfordefinitionsofthesignalwords.

WARNING!

–Warningindicatesapotentiallyhazardoussituation

which,ifnotavoided,couldresultindeathorserious

injury.

CAUTION!

–Cautionindicatesapotentiallyhazardoussituation

which,ifnotavoided,mayresultinpropertydamage

orminorinjuryorboth.

–Indicatesahazardoussituationthatcouldresultin

damagetopropertyifitisnotavoided.

Givesusefultips,recommendationsandinformationfor

efficient,trouble-freeuse.

ThisproductcomplieswithDirective93/42/EEC

concerningmedicaldevices.

ThelaunchdateofthisproductisstatedintheEC

declarationofconformity.

1.2IntendedUse

TopEndHandCyclesaredesignedandbuiltsolelyfortransportation

ofasingleriderforuseinrecreational,roadracing,timetrailingand

offroadenjoyment.Theyareintendedtobeusedforlonger,faster

ridesinrecreationalareasincludingpaved,crushedgravel,riding

pathsoroffroadcourses.Theyarenotintendedtobeusedasadaily

wheelchairorthetreatmentofanymedicalconditionbutonlyfor

recreationalpurposes.Anyotherusedisprohibited.

Max.userweight:250lbs(113.4kg).

1.3Dealer/TechnicianInformation

Theterm“qualifiedtechnician”inthismanualreferstoanInvacare

qualifiedtechnicianoraShimano®certifiedbicyclerepairtechnician.

1171790-B5

TopEnd

®

Force™

2Safety

2.1GeneralGuidelines

Thesafetysectioncontainsimportantinformationforthesafe

operationanduseofthisproduct.

WARNING!

–DONOTusethisproductoranyavailableoptional

equipmentwithoutfirstcompletelyreadingand

understandingtheseinstructionsandanyadditional

instructionalmaterialsuchasowner’smanuals,service

manualsorinstructionsheetssuppliedwiththis

productoroptionalequipment.Ifyouareunableto

understandthewarnings,cautionsorinstructions,

contactadealerortechnicalpersonnelbefore

attemptingtousethisequipment-otherwise,injury

ordamagemayoccur.

–AqualifiedtechnicianMUSTperformtheinitialsetup

ofthiswheelchair.also,aqualifiedtechnicianmust

performallproceduresspecificallyindicatedinthe

manual.

WARNING!

ACCESSORIES

–Invacareproductsarespecificallydesignedand

manufacturedforuseinconjunctionwithInvacare

accessories.Accessoriesdesignedbyother

manufacturershavenotbeentestedbyInvacareand

arenotrecommendedforusewithInvacareproducts.

2.2ProperFit

ThehandcycleMUSTbeadjustedtofittherider.Checktheseat

position,backangle,threadedaxles,footrestfore/aftposition,hand

crankheightforproperfitandsmoothoperationofyourhandcycle.

Refertoadjustmentproceduresbelowtoachievethefollowing.

•TheriderMUSTbeabletoseeoverthehandcrank.

•TheriderMUSThaveaslightbendattheelbowwhenthe

handpedalsaretowardthefrontofthehandcycle(farthestfrom

therider’sface).

•TheriderMUSThaveaslightbendatthekneewhenfeetarein

thefootrests.Feetshouldbeflatagainstfootresthoop.

•ForceSeriesrequiresan18”turningradius.Iflegtouches

tireduringturnandtheusercannotsensethis,alegguard

attachmentisrecommended.

•Therider’skneesMUSTnotobstructhandcrankoperation.

61171790-B

Safety

2.3OperatingInformation

WARNING!

TRANSPORT

–InvacarerecommendsthatahandcycleuserisNOT

transportedinvehiclesofanykindwhileinahandcycle.

Asofthisdate,theDepartmentofTransportationhas

notapprovedanytie-downsystemsfortransportation

ofauserwhileinahandcycle,inamovingvehicleof

anytype.

SEATPOSITIONINGSTRAP

SERIOUSINJURYCANOCCURINTHEEVENT

OFAFALLFROMTHEPRODUCT.

–ALWAYSwearyourseatpositioningstrap.Invacare

stronglyrecommendsusingtheseatpositioningstrap

asanadditionalsafeguardforthehandcycleuser.The

seatpositioningstrapisapositioningbeltonly.Itis

notdesignedforuseasasafetydevicewithstanding

highstressloadssuchasautooraircraftsafetybelts.

Ifsignsofwearappear,thebeltMUSTbereplaced

IMMEDIATELY.

WARNING!

BRAKES

–Ifthebrakecableshowsignsofwearorifithas

becometangledbecauseofimpropertransportation

techniques,thecableMUSTbereplacedorthebrake

mayfail.Shouldtheprimarybrakefail,theparking

brakecanbeusedabackupemergencybrake.

–Beforeridingyourhandcycle,ALWAYScheckthe

functionofthebrakes.Besurethatthebrakesand

allotherfeaturesofyourhandcycleareoperating

properly.

WARNING!

RISKOFINJURYORDAMAGE

–Care,considerationandpracticeMUSTbetakenand

observedinthefollowingsafetypoints.Otherwise,

injuryordamagemayoccur.

–Safeuserequiresthecloseattentionoftheuseras

wellastheassistant.Thisusermanualpointsoutthe

mostcommonproceduresandtechniquesinvolvedin

thesafeoperationandmaintenanceofthehandcycle.

Itisimportanttopracticeandmasterthesesafe

techniquesuntilyouarecomfortableinmaneuvering

thehandcycle.

–AhelmetMUSTALWAYSbewornwhenoperating

thehandcycle.

–ShoesMUSTAlwaysbewornandfeetMUSTbe

securedtothefootrestswiththestrapswhen

operatingthehandcycle.

–ALWAYSkeepfingersandhandsawayfromthechain

whileusingthehandcycle.

1171790-B7

TopEnd

®

Force™

WARNING!

RISKOFINJURYORDAMAGE

–TheBackrestMUSTbeadjustedproperly.Otherwise,

user’selbowsmaycontactrearwheelsduringuse.

Operatewithcaution.

–DONOTletchildrenplaynearthehandcrankorthe

chain.Otherwise,injuryordamagemayoccur.

–Theuserisresponsiblefornormalupkeepand

maintainingthehandcycleinproperoperating

condition.

–Themanufacturerisnotresponsibleforfailure,

damageorinjurycausedbyimproperoperationor

maintenancebytheend-user.

–Todetermineandestablishyourparticularsafety

limits,practicetransferringactivitiesinthepresenceof

aqualifiedhealthcareprofessionalbeforeattempting

activeuseofthehandcycle.

–CareMUSTbetakenwhenoperatingonroads,streets

orhighways.ALWAYSusesafetyflagthatisprovided

withthehandcycle.

–Operationofthehandcycleissubjecttoalltraffic

rulesandregulations.(Thismayincludetheuseofa

safetylightsandreflectorsfordusk/nightriding.)Give

pedestrianstherightofway.

–Slowdownwhenturningorcornering,otherwise

injuryordamagemayoccur.

–Useproperhandsignalswhenturning.

–Slowdownatallstreetintersectionsandobserveto

theright,totheleftandbacktorightagainbefore

proceeding.

–DONOTattempttomoveupordownaninclinewith

aniceoroilfilm.Avoidallsurfacehazards.

WARNING!

RISKOFINJURYORDAMAGE

–DONOTattempttorideovercurbsorobstaclesor

speedbumps.Doingsomaycauseyourhandcycleto

"bottomout"and/orturnoverandcausebodilyharm

ordamagetothehandcycle.

–DONOTattempttoliftthehandcyclebyany

removable(detachable)parts.Liftingbymeansofany

removable(detachable)partsofanhandcyclemay

resultininjurytotheuserordamagetothehandcycle.

–DONOTstandontheseatorframeofthehandcycle.

–DONOTcarryanyriders.

–DONOTcarryanyitemsthatmayobstructyour

vieworprohibityoufromoperatingthehandcycle

properly.

TIREPRESSURE

–DONOTuseyourhandcycleunlessithastheproper

tirepressure(p.s.i.).DONOToverinflatethetires.

Failuretofollowthesesuggestionsmaycausethetire

toexplodeandcausebodilyharm.

–DONOTrideonaflatorunderinflatedtires.Riding

onflatorunder-inflatedtirescancauseinjury,aswell

as,damagetothetire,tubeandhandcyclewheels.

WEIGHTLIMITATION

–TheInvacareForcehandcycleshaveaweightlimitation

of250lbs(113.4kg).

81171790-B

Safety

WARNING!

RISKOFINJURYORDAMAGE

STABILITYANDBALANCE

–Forstabilityandproperoperationofyourhandcycle,

youMUSTatalltimesmaintainproperbalance.

Turningandcorneringaffectsthestabilityandbalance

ofthehandcycleanduser.Yourhandcycleshould

remainuprightandstableduringturnsandcornering

whenoperatedcorrectly.

–Invacarerecommendsusingseatpositioningstrapfor

additionalsafety.

ANOTETOHANDCYCLEASSISTANTS

–Whenlearningassistancetechniquesforthehandcycle,

haveanexperiencedassistanthelpyoubefore

attemptingitalone.

–Whenyouareassistingwithatransferto/fromthe

handcycle,remembertousegoodbodymechanics.

Keepyourbackstraightandbendyourkneeswhen

liftingorpositioningthehandcyclefortheend-user.

–Also,beawareofdetachableparts.Thesemust

NEVERbeusedforliftingsupportsortomovethe

handcycle,astheymaybeinadvertentlyreleased,

resultinginpossibleinjurytotheuserand/orassistant.

PERCENTAGEOFWEIGHTDISTRIBUTION

–Transferringinandoutofthehandcycle,turningand

corneringwillcauseachangetothenormalbalance,

thecenterofgravity,andtheweightdistributionofthe

handcycle.Todetermineandestablishyourparticular

safetylimits,practicetransferringactivitiesinseveral

combinationsinthepresenceofaqualifiedhealthcare

professionalbeforeattemptingatransferalone.

–Properpositioningisessentialforyoursafety.

2.4TransferringInto/OutoftheHandcycle

WARNING!

–Beforeattemptingtotransferinoroutofthe

handcycle,everyprecautionshouldbetakentoreduce

thegapdistance.Positionthehandcycleonlevel

groundandascloseaspossibletotheobjectyouare

transferringintooroutof.

–TheobjectyouaretransferringintooroutofMUST

alsobesecuredbeforeattemptinganytransfer.

–TheparkingbrakeofthehandcycleMUSTbeengaged

beforeattemptinganytransfer.

WHEELCHAIRS

–Wheellocksarenotbrakes.

–Engagingthewheellocksmaynotpreventthe

wheelchairfrommovingonallfloorsurfacesincluding

thosethatmaybewetorslick.

–ALWAYSexercisecautionwhentransferringintoor

outofthewheelchair.

CAUTION!

–Whentransferring,positionyourselfasfarbackas

possibleintheseat.Thiswillpreventdamagetothe

upholstery.

Thisactivitymaybeperformedindependentlyprovidedyou

haveadequatemobilityandupperbodystrength.

1.Positionthehandcycleonlevelgroundandascloseaspossible

alongsidetheobjectto/fromwhichyouaretransferring.

2.Ifpossible,positionthehandcycleata45°angletotheobject

to/fromwhichyouaretransferring.

3.Ifinstalled,applytheparkingbrakeonthehandcycle.

1171790-B9

TopEnd

®

Force™

4.Positionthehandcyclehandlesasfarforwardaspossible.This

willcreatemoreroomtotransfer.

Ifnecessary,liftthefrontwheeloffthegroundand

rotatethefronttire.

5.Secureobjectthatyouaretransferringintooroutof.Apply

wheellocks(ifinstalled)iftheobjectisahandcycle.

Duringindependenttransfer,littleornoseatplatform

willbebeneathyou.Althoughitmaybedifficultto

wedgethetransferboardbetweenthehandcycleseat

andthehandcycleseat,useatransferboardifnecessary.

6.Liftandplaceleftlegpastthefrontframeacrosstheseatand

overthecentertube.

7.Placeonehandonfarsideofseat.

8.Shiftbodyweightontoobjectwhiletransferring.

9.Totransferoutofthehandcycle,reversetheprocedureand

usethebackresttopushoff.

WARNING!

–Ifinstalledonhandcycle,parkingbrakeandwheellocks

MUSTbeengaged.

Thestepsbelowarespecificallyfortransferto/fromawheelchairand

donotcorrespondtothestepsintheprocedureontheprevious

page.Followasimilarproceduretotransferto/fromanobjectother

thanawheelchair.Refertothestepsonthepreviouspageformore

information.

STEPA:Shiftbodyweighttotheedgeofthewheelchairupholstery

closesttothehandcycleA.

STEPB:LiftandplaceLEFTlegacrossseat.

STEPC:PlaceLEFThandontheleftsideofhandcycleseatframe

B,NOToncrank.

STEPD:PlaceRIGHThandonthewheelchairframeC.

STEPE:LiftandshiftweightdownintohandcycleseatD.

STEPF:PlacebothlegsontohandcyclefootrestsEandsecuresafety

straps.

Handcycleshownforclarity.

Handcyclepedalsarerotatedtothe3o’clockposition.

101171790-B

Safety

2.5SafetyInspectionChecklist

Everysixmonthsorasnecessary,takeyourTopEnd

handcycletoaqualifiedtechnicianforathoroughinspection

andservicing.Regularcleaningwillreveallooseorworn

partsandenhancethesmoothoperationofyourhandcycle.

Forsafeandproperoperation,yourhandcycleMUSTbe

caredforjustlikeanyothervehicle.Routinemaintenance

willextendthelifeandefficiencyofyourhandcycle.

Initialadjustmentsshouldbemadetosuityourpersonalbody

structureandpreference.Thereafterfollowthesemaintenance

procedures:

Inspect/AdjustInitiallyandWeekly

qInspectforbentorbrokenframe.

qInspectparkingbrake-Adjustbrakeshoestofrontrim.Check

forwornormissingshoes.Checkforwaxoroilonrim.

qEnsurecableanchorisattachedsecurelytobrakearm.

qEnsurethebrakesareworkingbeforeyoubeginaride.When

fullyapplied,thehandcycleshouldcometoacompletestop.

CAUTION!

–Aswithanyvehicle,thewheels/castorsandtires

shouldbecheckedperiodicallyforcracks,flatspots

andwear,andshouldbereplaced.

qEnsureaxlenutsaretight.Wheelshouldbecenteredinfork.

Keepwheelbearingsadjustedandkeepspokestightandwheel

inproperalignment.

qInspectrimandforkassemblyfordamage.

qEnsureaxlenutandwheelmountingnutsaresecure.

qInspectwheelsforexcessivesidemovementorbindingwhen

liftedandspun.

qInspectforflatspots,wearandproperinflation.

qInspectchain/chainguardfordamage,rust,tensionandstretch.

Adjustifnecessary.Lubricateeachlink(3-in-1oil®oraquality

bikelubricant).Checkfordamageorlooseness.

qAdjustshifter/brakecablesaccordingtoshifter/brake

manufacturer'sinstructions(includedwiththehandcycle).

qInspectfrontfork.Keeptightandlubricate(Allpurposegrease).

qInspectfootrestmountinghardwareistightandfootrestsecure.

qInspectfootreststrapsforwetnessand/ordamage.

qInspectseatpositioningstrapforanysignsofwear.Ensure

bucklelatches.Verifyhardwarethatattachesstraptoframeis

secureandundamaged.Replaceifnecessary.

qInspectupholsteryforripsorsagging.

qCleanupholsterywithlightdetergentandwater.

qCheckthatalllabelsarepresentandlegible.Replaceifnecessary.

qEnsurethataxlesarefreeofdebris.

Inspect/AdjustPeriodically

qInspectupholsteryforripsorsagging.

qCleanupholsterywithlightdetergentandwater.

qInspecthandgripsforlooseness.Ifloose,replace.

qCheckthatalllabelsarepresentandlegible.Replaceifnecessary.

1171790-B

11

TopEnd

®

Force™

3Overview

3.1LabelLocations

Force-2Label

12

1171790-B

Overview

ForceGLabel

1171790-B13

TopEnd

®

Force™

ForceKLabel

14

1171790-B

Overview

ForceRXLabel

1171790-B15

TopEnd

®

Force™

ForceCCLabel

161171790-B

Overview

3.2TypicalProductParameters

TopEndForce-2

SeatWidth:15or17inches(38.1to43.1cm)

SeatDepth:14inches(35.6cm)

Seat-to-Floor(approx.):SeattoFlooris7inches(17.8cm)measuredatthemidpointofseatwith2"(5.1cm)cushion

BackStyle:AdjustableBackAngle35°-55°,rearwardsfrom0°(0°=straightup)

BackHeight

Fixed/AdjustableAngle:

24inches(Narrow,Tall)(61cm)

Footrest:

AdjustableForeandAft

Side-WheelClearance:

2inches-*2½inches(5.1-6.4cm)

RearAxle:

Threaded

RearWheelCamber:9°-Standard(22.9cm)

Wheels/Tires:26-inchSpokeHighPerformance(66cm)

Brakes:

Shimano®TiagraBrakeSetoperatedbyRapidFirehands-onbrakemountedonrightorleftpedal

Handles:

Ergonomic,Vertical,OvalizedAluminum

Crankset:

Shimano®Octolink170mmx14”widenon-Vcrank

Hub:

FRONT–Shimano®w/27SpeedExternalCassette

REAR-PrecisionBlackAnodizedwithThreadedAxles

1171790-B17

TopEnd

®

Force™

TopEndForce-2

Spokes:14GaugeStainlessSilver

ShiftLevers:Rapidfirehands-onshiftermountedonrightorlefthandpedalforlowerderailleur

Manualderailerforupperderailleur/chainrings

Gears:27Speed

SeatCushion:

FoamInsert

Upholstery:Nylon

Weight:30lbs(13.6kg)

ShippingWeight:65lbs(29.5kg)

WeightLimitation:250lbs(113.4kg)

StandardEquipment:ChainGuard,SafetyFlag,DraftingBumper,SeatandBackCushions

Options:*seeorderform

Computer,SafetyLights,Helmet,BikeRack,WaterBottleandCage,AlignmentGauge,BackpackHydration

System,IndoorTrainingRoller

181171790-B

Overview

TopEndForceG

SeatWidth:14to18inches(35.6to45.7cm)

SeatDepth:14inches(35.6cm)

Seat-to-Floor(approx.):SeattoFlooris7inches(17.8cm)measuredatthemidpointofseatwith2"(5.1cm)cushion

BackStyle:AdjustableBackAngle55°-90°,rearwardsfrom0°(0°=straightup)

BackHeight

Fixed/AdjustableAngle:

18inches(Narrow,Tall)(45.7cm)

Footrest:

AdjustableForeandAft

Side-WheelClearance:

2inches-*2½inches(5.1-6.4cm)

RearAxle:

Threaded

RearWheelCamber:9°-Standard(22.9cm)

Wheels/Tires:26-inchSpokeHighPerformance(66cm)

Brakes:

CaneCreekoperatedbyRapidFirehands-onbrakemountedonrightorlefthandpedal

Handles:

Ergonomic,Vertical,OvalizedAluminummountedonTopEndV/Scrankset

Crankset:TopEndSorVCrankset,customwidths/lengths(seeorderform)

Hub:

Front–Shimano®/TopEndComponentsw/27SpeedExternalCassette

Rear-PrecisionBlackAnodizedwithThreadedAxles

Spokes:14GaugeStainlessBlack

ShiftLevers:Rapidfirehands-onshiftermountedonrightorlefthandpedalforlowerderailleur

Cableoperatedshifterforupperderailleur/chainrings

1171790-B19

TopEnd

®

Force™

TopEndForceG

Gears:27Speed

SeatCushion:

FoamInsert

Upholstery:Nylon

Weight:30lbs(13.6kg)

ShippingWeight:65lbs(29.5kg)

WeightLimitation:250lbs(113.4kg)

StandardEquipment:ChainGuard,SafetyFlag,DraftingBumper,Seat,BackCushion,Seat

andBackCushions

Options:*seeorderform

Computer,SafetyLights,Helmet,BikeRack,WaterBottleandCage,

AlignmentGauge,BackpackHydrationSystem,CarbonFiberWheels,

IndoorTrainingRoller

201171790-B

Page is loading ...

Invacare Force-2 User manual

This manual is also suitable for

Invacare Force-2 User manual

Related papers

Other documents