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Whereverwegoitisnormalforustoconstantlyhearmessages.These
messagesareinfinitelydiversefrompleasantmusictoatemptingofferina
shoppingcentre.
Itisbecomingmoreandmoreusualforustohaveacentralizedsound
systeminourhomestocreateamusicalenvironmenttoincreaseourcomfortas
muchaswecaninthelittlefreetimethatwehaveavailable.
Allthiswouldnotbepossiblewithoutcertainnecessaryelements.These
elementsarewhatwearegoingtodealwithinthismanual:
inanefforttomeetallpossiblecustomerneeds,has
addedtoitswideproductrangealineof
Ourobjectivehereissimplytoexplainthisfieldinaclearwayandto
facilitateinstallation.
Wecanseparatetheelementsweneedforabasicinstallationintotwo
groups:activeelementsandpassiveelements.Theformergroupcontains
amplifiers,signalfrequencyamplifiers,mixingdecks,effects,etc.
Passiveelementsencompassspeakers,cables,dynamicmicrophones,
attenuatorsetc.
PublicAddress
SystemLoudspeakers.
MachSpeakersa/s,
Itisusualinpublicaddresssysteminstallationstofindthatthesignalhasto
traveloverconsiderabledistances.Logically,thisisduetothefactthatthespeakers
areseparatedfromthesourceandalsoduetothelargenumberofspeakersthat
aresometimesused.Therearesomemattersthatweshouldbearinmindifwe
wanttoguaranteeasuccessfulinstallation.
Whenthedistancesareconsiderable,thecable'sownohmicresistancewill
absorbpartofthelineenergy.Wecouldsaythatthepowerinthecharge(speaker)
willbealteredbytheleastenergyprovidedbytheamplifierasthereis agreater
impedanceintheoutputterminals.
Apossiblesolutioncouldbetoincreasethesectionoftheconductor,butthis
wouldnotbeviableifthedistancesareconsiderableormultipleconnectionsare
used,ascostswouldbehigh.
Thesolutionistoincreasetheimpedanceinthespeakerterminalswiththe
consequentincreaseinthenominallinevoltageinordertomaintaintherequired
values.
Publicaddresssystemamplifiersadapttheiroutputthroughtransformers.
Nominalvoltageisgenerally100volts,althoughsometimesitmaybe50or70volts.
Thisvoltageisnotmaintainedpermanentlyintheline.Itonlyreachesthislevel
whenworkingatmaximumpower,sowecansaythatthisisoccasionalandasthe
audiosignalchangesthroughmodulationtherearemomentswhentherewillbezero
voltagewhenthereisnosignalintheline.Thereis,however,aconstantvoltagein
thewholesystemwhenthereisamessageinallthespeakersbecausethereisno
loss.
Onceweknowthevoltageinourline,wehavetoadaptthespeakerstoit.If,
forexample,wehavean8wattspeaker,whichisenoughpowerforaninstallation,
wewillneedanimpedanceof1250ohmstobeabletoconnectittoa100voltline.
Asweknowthestandardimpedanceofthespeakers,weneedtoincorporate
Adaptingtheprimarytothelineandthesecondaryto
thespeakerallowsthemultipleconnectionofelements.
Installingthemisverysimple.Theyareparallelconnectedandsoeach
soundoutputcanbeindependentlyregulatedandincaseofanindividualfault
thewholesystemwillnotbeaffected.
Primarytableandthepowerratioforthe8wattspeakerwehave
selected.
Itisusefultoknowwhentheamplifierisgivingoptimalperformance,
throughimpedance,ifweknowthepowerthattheamplifierwillbeableto
providewhenitisconnectedtothelineoutput.
P=maximumamplifierpoweroutput.
V=outputlinevoltage..
Z=optimallinevalue.
Asweknowtheadvantagesinherentin'constantvoltage'installationsfor
connectionswithmultiplespeakers,wemustnotignorethesectionofour
conductor.Wehavealreadymentionedthatlargesectionsareunnecessary,butwe
mustadheretosomebasicrules.Inthefollowingtable,theminimumconductor
sectionsthatwemustusefordeterminedpowervaluesanddistancesareshown.
T=100volts.
Wecandeterminethenumberofspeakersthatweneedtoinstallto
ensureoptimalcoverage.
Wewilldeterminethequalityofthesystemthatwewilluse
dependingonthedemandsoftheinstallation.
Inthisexamplewewillusewhichisthelevelusedinsystems
forahighlevelofsoundquality.Thesesystemsmustguaranteeauniform
distributionofsoundlevelforfrequencieshigherthan5KHzandadispersionof
90º.
Wewillconsideraplacewithalikeanoffice,ashoporany
otherpublicestablishmentwithanoiserangeof65to80dB.
AsvalueP,wewilltakeareferencelisteningheightof1.70m.The speakers
wewilluseareourCS6range.Theyhaveagoodbandpass,twochannelswith
90ºdispersionalltherequirementsweneedtoensuresuccess.
Ourfictitiousplaceis100m².
Levels
LevelIII,
NoisyLevel,
Where:
Hheightinmetresoftheplace.
Ldistancebetweenthespeakersinmetres(seetable).
Sareacoveredbyspeaker(seetable).
Paveragereceptionmeasurementof1.70metres.
SLSLinsquaremetres,areainwhichsoundistobeproduced.
Thelineofspeakershasbeendesignedforceilinginstallationand
assuchmustbehandledbyqualifiedinstallers.
willnotberesponsibleformisusecausedbyusing
areasthatarenotstableenoughorlacksufficientstrengthtosupporttheunits.
Alwayskeepthepowerunitdisconnectedwhenhandlingthespeakerlines.
Whenyouaredoingaconnectionwithvoltagelines,youmusttakeinto
accountthechoiceofthepoweroftheamplifiertoadjustthetotalwattagethat
ourstagewillprovide.
ABSunitsmustnotbecleanedwithanysolvent-basedproductsasthey
couldbedamaged.Asoftdampclothshouldbeused.
Donoexposetodirectheatoranexcessofhumidity.
Allmaterialhandledbynon-authorizedpersonnelwillinvalidatethe
manufacturer'sguarantee.
Ceiling
MachSpeakersa/s.
TheCSseriesconsistsofthreemodelsthatvaryinsizeandpower.Eachunit
hasapowerregulatorlocatedinthebase.
Thisregulatorswitchhasasettingthatallowsustousworkwithlow
impedance.Thisistheoptionweshouldselectwhenweareworkingwith
conventionalamplifiers.Thenumberofspeakersperchannelmustbetakeninto
accounttoavoidworkingwithanimpedancelevelthattheamplifiercannot
supportasthiscoulddamagetheamplifier.
TheINWALLseriesiscomposedofonemodel.Ithasaregulatorswitchwith
thesamecharacteristicsasthepreviousseriesandalsohasaswitchthatallows
ustochoosedifferentlinevoltages.Thisremainsinactivewhenweareworking
withlowimpedance.
Theconnectorsarepushterminalsinredandblackwithalargeinput
diametertoallowforsufficientconductorsections.
Toremovetheprotectivegrillusethe“hook”thatcomeswitheachunitto
pullittowardsyou,takingcarenottopushthetoolintoofarasyoucould
damagethespeakermembrane.Onceremovedyouwillfindthefourscrewsthat
securethefasteners.
Itisimportanttomakesurethatwechoosetherightplacetoinstallthe
speakers.Thereshouldbenopreviousinstallationpresentsuchaswaterpipes,
electriccablesetc.,asthesecouldbedamagedandcauseseriousproblems.
Oncewehaveinstalledthewirewecanmountthespeakers.Inthefollowing
tablewewillfindthefretworkmeasurementsforthedifferentmodels.
Below,thedifferentwaysofconnectingtheunitsareclearlyshown.
Dependingonthemountingyoumayhavetoadjusttheamplifiersothatthe
outputisthecorrectone.Thesumofthepowerofthespeakersmustbethesame
asorlessthanthetotalpoweroftheamplifier.
Anexampleofavoltagelineinstallation:
For12speakersconnectedonthe15wattsettingwewillneeda180WRMS
amplifier(12×15=180).
Thesameamplifierwillbestillbeoptimalwiththefollowinginstallation:
2speakersconnectedat30w-60
4....................................15w-60
6........................... .........8w-48
2....................................6w-12
180watt
Parallelinstallationisrecommendedforchargesof8ohmsinthespeakerand
4ohmsintheamplifierterminals.Series-parallelinstallationsforthesame
impedancesandconnectionfor100voltlines.
Multiplespeakerconnectionmaintaining4ohmsintheamplifierterminals.Speakers
withanimpedanceof8ohmsperunitandconnectedinseries-parallel.Thisallowsthe
installationofaconsiderablenumberofspeakersusingalowimpedanceoutput
amplifier,8/4ohm.
Wheneverwehave4ohmsinthephaseterminals,weshouldconsultthephase
manualinordertobesureofthechargepossibilityatthisimpedance.
Voltagelineconnection.Thistypeallowsthemultipleinstallationofspeakersand
therecanbeconsiderabledistancesbetweenthespeakersandthesource.
Ifthereisafaultinoneofthespeakerstherestofthesystemwillnotbeaffected.
Wehavetotakeintoaccountthequantityofthespeakersandthepoweroutputofthe
amplifier.
Speakersystemconnectedinparallel.Theimpedanceperunitis8ohms.Inthe
amplifierterminalswewillthenhave4ohmsperchannel..
PARALLELCONFIGURATION
4ohm
Series-Parallel
Configuration
Line-70-100v
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