Garmin GNC420W User manual

Brand: Garmin

Model: GNC420W

Category: Navigators

Type: User manual

What’s New with the

400W / 500W Series

New Operational Characteristics of the

WAAS GNS 400W/500W Series Units

versus

the Classic 400/500 Series Units

This document is written for:

 •GarminGPS400W,GNC420W/420AW,andGNS430W/430AWMainSystemSoftwareVersion2.00

 •GarminGPS500W&GNS530W/530AWMainSystemSoftwareVersion2.00

©2008GarminLtd.oritssubsidiaries.AllRightsReserved.

GarminInternational,Inc.,1200East151

Street,Olathe,KS66062,U.S.A.

Tel.913/397.8200or800/800.1020   Fax913/397.8282

GarminAT,Inc.,2345TurnerRd.,S.E.,Salem,Oregon97302,U.S.A.

Tel:503/581.8101    Fax:503/364.2138

Garmin(Europe)Ltd.

LibertyHouse,BullsCopseRoad,HounsdownBusinessPark,Southhampton,SO409RB,U.K.

Tel.+44(0)8708501243    Fax+44(0)2380524004

GarminCorporation,No.68,Jangshu2

Road,Shijr,TaipeiCounty,Taiwan

Tel.886/2.2642.9199    Fax886/2.2642.9099

Exceptasexpresslyprovidedherein,nopartofthisaddendummaybereproduced,copied,transmitted,disseminated,

downloadedorstoredinanystoragemedium,foranypurposewithouttheexpresspriorwrittenconsentofGarmin.

Garminherebygrantspermissiontodownloadasinglecopyofthismanualandofanyrevisiontothismanualonto

aharddriveorotherelectronicstoragemediumtobeviewedandtoprintonecopyofthismanualorofanyrevision

hereto,providedthatsuchelectronicorprintedcopyofthismanualorrevisionmustcontainthecompletetextofthis

heretoisstrictlyprohibited.

Informationinthisdocumentissubjecttochangewithoutnotice.Garminreservestherighttochangeorimproveits

productsandtomakechangesinthecontentwithoutobligationtonotifyanypersonororganizationofsuchchangesor

improvements.

Thecompletesetof400W/500WseriesPilotGuidesisavailableon-lineatwww.garmin.com.

190-00356-06RevB

March2008         PrintedinU.S.A.

The400W/500WseriesofnavigatorswithWAASnowoffermanyenhancementsoverthepreviousnon-WAAS

models.AdvancementsincludenewWAAS-enabledGPSantenna,receiver,andassociatedsoftware.The400W/500W

seriessystemcomplieswithWAASTSOC146aandalsoincludesasignicanthardwareupgradewithanewandmuch

fastermicro-processor.Aterraindatabaseforterrainawarenessisincludedasastandardfeatureandnowprovides

evengreaterdetail.TheWAASGPSreceivernowallowsyoutousethe400W/500Wseriesunitforprimarynavigation

anduseGPSwithverticalguidanceforLPV,L/VNAV,andLNAV+Vapproaches.Non-precisionapproachesareannun-

ciatedasLNAVapproaches.TheComparisonofFeaturesSummarytableprovidesaquickviewofthedifferencesand

isfollowedbyamoredetaileddescriptionoffeaturechanges.

Comparison of Features Summary

Feature Classic 400/500 New 400W/500W

1 TSO C129a – Supplemental navigation WAAS TSO C146a – Primary navigation

2 WAAS Capable No Yes

3 Approach Annunciations C129a non-precision annuncia-

tions

C146a precision annunciations of LPV, L/VNAV,

LNAV+V, LNAV, and MAPR

4 SBAS Selection No Yes for WAAS

5 GPS Position Calculation Rate Once per second Five times per second

6 GPS Software Level-C Level-B. More robust

7 Vectors-To-Final Yes New Auto-Suspend logic; see page 5 for details.

8 GPS/WAAS-Based Vertical Guid-

ance

No GPS WAAS provides vertical guidance on the

available GPS approaches

9 Holding Patterns Yes Holding pattern depiction on the Nav mode

moving map shows aircraft position and provides

active guidance

10 Autopilot Roll Steering Yes Includes active guidance during holding patterns

and procedure turns

11 OBS Operation Yes OBS/SUSP behavior around the MAP is different

12 Hold to Altitude Yes Hold to Altitude legs will now use baro-corrected

altitude if it is available

13 Parallel Track No Yes

14 Magnetic Variation Options True, Magnetic, or User True or Magnetic

15 Terrain Database Optional Standard. Increased resolution.

16 Dead Reckoning (DR) No Yes

17 Satellite Status Page Yes Enhanced with new colors and 3D differential ﬁx

notation.

Feature Classic 400/500 New 400W/500W

18 Graphics Speed Good Much better

19 Crossﬁll Yes 12x faster

20 XM Radio Audio and Weather Limited, NEXRAD, METARs, no

audio control

Yes - Adds TAFs, TFRs, NEXRAD Coverage, and

audio controls

21 KAP140/KFC225 Autopilot

Operation-Compatible

Yes Annunciation added

22 GDL Conﬁguration No GDL 69/69A

23 GDL 69/69A Data Link Diag-

nostics

No Yes

24 Trafﬁc Range Rings Yes The numeric values for Trafﬁc Range rings vary

with the installed trafﬁc source.

25 Installation Individual aircraft ﬁeld approval. Approved Model List for more than 900 aircraft

when installed per the STC.

26 How Can I Tell If I Have A WAAS

Unit

N/A View the ﬁrst screen in the start-up routine.

Check other features.

Detailed Description of Feature Changes

1. TSO

TSOC-129/C-129aallowedtheuseofGPSfor

supplementalnavigationfornon-precisionapproaches.

AninstallationmeetingTSO-146arequirementsallows

theuseofyour400W/500Wnavigatorsastheprimary

navigationdeviceforprecisionapproaches.

See your dealer for detailed information about how the

new TSO affects the operation of your aircraft.

2. WAAS Capable

WAAS(WideAreaAugmentationSystem)isa

systemtoprovideimprovedintegrityandaccuracyof

GPSsignalsusedfornavigation.“WideArea”refersto

anetworkofgroundreferencestationsthatcoverthe

entireU.S.andsomeofCanadaandMexico.Imple-

mentedbytheFAA(FederalAviationAdministration)

foraviationusers,thesereferencestationsarelocated

atpreciselysurveyedspotsandcompareGPSdistance

measurementstoknownvalues.Eachreferencestationis

linkedtoamasterstation,whichputstogetheracorrec-

tionmessageandbroadcastsitviasatellite.The corrected

differentialmessageisthenbroadcastthroughoneoftwo

geostationarysatellites.Theinformationiscompatible

withthebasicGPSsignalstructure,whichmeansany

WAAS-enabledGPSreceivercanreadthesignal.WAAS

capablereceiverstypicallyhaveaccuraciesofonemeter

horizontallyand2metersvertically.

Basically,it’sasystemofsatellitesandgroundsta-

tionsthatprovideGPSsignalcorrections,givingyou

evenbetterpositionaccuracy.Howmuchbetter?Try

anaverageofuptovetimesbetter.AWAAS-capable

receivercangiveyouapositionaccuracyofbetterthan

twometers95percentofthetime.Andyoudon’thaveto

purchaseadditionalreceivingequipmentorpayservice

feestoutilizeWAAS.WAASalsoprovidesthecapabil-

ityofquicklydeterminingwhensignalsfromagiven

satellitearewrongandremovingthatsatellitefromthe

navigationsolution.

TheFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)andthe

DepartmentofTransportation(DOT)aredeveloping

theWAASprogramforuseinprecisionIFRapproaches.

WithoutWAAS,GPSalonedoesnotmeettheFAA’s

navigationrequirementsforaccuracy,integrity,and

availability.WAAScorrectsforGPSsignalerrorscaused

byionosphericdisturbances,timing,andsatelliteorbit

errors,anditprovidesvitalnearreal-timeintegrityinfor-

mationregardingthehealthofeachGPSsatellite.

Currently,WAASsatellitecoverageisonlyavailable

inNorthAmerica.Therearenogroundreferencesta-

tionsinSouthAmerica,soeventhoughGPSusersthere

canreceiveWAAS,thesignalhasnotbeencorrected

andthuswouldnotimprovetheaccuracyoftheirunit.

ForsomeusersintheU.S.,thepositionoftheWAAS

satellitesovertheequatormakesitdifculttoreceive

thesignalswhentreesormountainsobstructtheviewof

thehorizon.WAASsignalreceptionisidealforaviation

applications.YourGarmin400W/500Wseriessystem

providesforprimaryGPSnavigationinareaswhereno

WAAScoverageisavailableusingaFaultDetectionand

Exclusion(FDE)RAIMalgorithm.

OthergovernmentsaredevelopingsimilarSatellite-

BasedAugmentationSystems(SBAS).InAsia,it’sthe

JapaneseMulti-FunctionalSatelliteAugmentationSystem

(MSAS),whileEuropehastheEuroGeostationaryNavi-

gationOverlayService(EGNOS).Oncethesesystems

arefullytestedandoperational,your400W/500Wseries

systemwillbecapableofusingthesesystems.

GPS Accuracy

GPS Condition Accuracy Level

Accuracy of the original GPS system,

which was subject to accuracy

degradation under the government-

imposed Selective Availability (SA)

program.

100 meters

Typical GPS position accuracy

without SA.

15 meters

Typical differential GPS (DGPS) posi-

tion accuracy.

3-5 meters

Typical WAAS position accuracy. < 1.25 meters

WAAS Channels

WAASchannelnumbersareshownonAirport

ApproachpagesintheWaypointpagegroup.TheWAAS

approachreferenceIDisdisplayedinthetopleftcorner

ofthemap.Theapproachservicelevelisshowninthe

lowerrightcornerofthemap.Servicelevelannuncia-

tionsavailableare:LPV,L/VNAV,LNAV+V,orLNAV.

3. Approach Annunciations

LPV,L/VNAV,LNAV+V,LNAV,andMAPRwillappear

intheightphaseannunciationwindow.

Annunciation Description

LPV Follow lateral and vertical guidance to LPV

minimums.

L/VNAV GPS approach identiﬁed in the database as

LNAV/VNAV. Fly to LNAV/VNAV minimums.

LNAV+V Non-precision GPS approach with advisory

vertical guidance. Note that some LNAV/

VNAV approaches are not yet marked in

the database as such and will show up as

LNAV+V. If the chart shows the approach

as LNAV/VNAV, it can be ﬂown to LNAV/

VNAV minimums.

LNAV Non-precision GPS approach or non-GPS

approach, such as ILS or Localizer.

MAPR Missed Approach indicates the system is

providing missed approach integrity and

CDI full-scale deﬂection ±0.3 NM.

4. SBAS selection

TheSBAS(Space-BasedAugmentationSystem)menu

optionallowsyoutoenableordisabletheuseofWAAS

satellites.IfWAASisdisabled,theunitwillnotbeable

toyverticallyguidedGPSapproaches(LPV,LNAV/

VNAV,orLNAV+V).IfWAASwaspreviouslydisabled,

itmaytakeseveralminutestoachievea3D-Diffxafter

re-enablingWAAS.

See the section on SBAS Selection of the Setup 2 Page in

the Aux Pages chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

5. GPS Position Calculation Rate

TheWAASGPSreceivercalculatesitspositionve

timespersecondratherthanoncepersecondlikethe

ClassicC-129/C-129aGPSsystems.This,togetherwith

theenhancedverticalaccuracyandothersystemen-

hancements,allowsforverticalapproachguidance.

6. GPS Software

TheGPSsoftwareoftheClassic400/500seriesmet

therequirementsforLevel-C.Thenew400W/500W

meetsthemorerigorousrequirementsofLevel-B,where

required.

7. Vectors-To-Final

IfVectorstoFinalisactivatedwhileonthe“FROM”

sideoftheFAF,automaticwaypointsequencingissus-

pendedandtheSUSPannunciationwillappear.Auto-

maticwaypointsequencingwillresumeoncetheaircraft

isonthe“TO”sideoftheFAFandwithinfull-scale

deection.

Vector-To-Final Suspend Operation

Remember,don’tpresstheOBSkeyoryouwillhave

toreloadtheapproach,unlessyoudesiretosequenceto

thenalapproachsegmentintheactiveightplan.

See the section on Vectors to Final in the Procedures chap-

ter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

8. GPS/WAAS-Based Vertical Guidance

TheWAASGPSreceivernowallowsyoutousethe

400W/500Wseriesunitforprimarynavigationand

useGPSwithverticalguidanceforLPV,L/VNAV,and

LNAV+Vapproaches.

9. Holding Patterns

TheHoldingpatterndepictionontheNavmode

movingmapshowstheaircraftpositionandprovides

activeguidance,withrollsteeringautopilot-equipped

aircraft.

Guidance provided along the holding pattern

See the section on Flying an Approach with a Hold in the

Procedures chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

10. Autopilot Roll Steering

Rollsteeringguidanceisnowprovidedforprocedure

turnsandholdingpatterns.Theholdingpatternnowde-

pictstheactuallocationandshapeoftheholdingpattern

whileprovidingreal-timedisplayofyourposition.

See the Procedures chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more

details.

11. OBS Operation

SUSPaftercancelingOBSwhenonFromsideofOBS

path–Thechangeinbehavioristhis:Whenyouputthe

400W/500W-seriesunitintoOBSmodeandthecourse

selectedplacestheaircraftontothefromsideandthen

youcancelOBS,theOBScourseisretainedbuttheunit

indicatesthatsequencingissuspendedbyannunciating

SUSP.Notethatyoucanstillchangethecoursetothe

OBSwaypointaslongasyouhaven’tcancelledOBS,but

onceyouhaveitwillannunciateSUSP.TheWAASTSO

requirestheunittoannunciatewhenlegsequencingis

suspended,sothisisthereasontheSUSPannunciation

isactive.Theclassicproductbehavedthesamewaybut

didnotindicatethatsequencingwassuspendedand

whenpressingtheOBSkey,itwouldreturntoOBS

modeonthesamewaypoint.Withthe400W/500W-se-

riesunit,pressingtheOBSkeywhentheSUSPan-

nunciationisaboveitwillallowlegsequencingtooccur

immediately.

See the Q & A comments about using the OBS key in

Appendix C - Troubleshooting Q&A of the Pilot’s Guide for

more details.

12. Hold to Altitude

TheHoldtoAltitudelegsnowusebaro-corrected

altitudeifitisavailable(similartoFixtoAltitudelegs).

Thismeansthatifbaro-correctedaltitudeisavailable

andtherequiredaltitudeisreachedforthehold,the

400W/500W-seriesunitwillautomaticallyunsuspend

andthensequencetothenextlegaftertheholdxis

crossed.Ifbaro-correctedaltitudeisnotavailable,then

thebehavioristhesameastheClassic–theuserneeds

topressOBStosequencepastthehold.

See the section on Flying an Approach with a Hold in the

Procedures chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

13. Parallel Track

ParallelTrackallowsyoutocreateaparallelcourse

offsetof1to99NMtotheleftorrightofyourcurrent

ightplan.Aftersettingaparalleltracktoyourcurrent

ightplan,amagentaparalleltrackactiveleglinewillbe

drawnoffsetfromtheoriginalbytheselecteddistance.

Theoriginalcourselinewillappearinwhite.Theaircraft

willnavigatetotheparalleltrackcourseline.

PointstorememberwithParallelTrack:

1. Youmusthaveanactiveightplan.

2. Thecurrentlegmustsupportparalleltrack.

3. Paralleltrackisnotallowedfortheactivelegofan

approach.

4. Paralleltrackisnotallowediftheactivelegisnota

track-to-xordirect-to-xleg.

5. Paralleltrackmaybeallowedbutnottheselectedoffset

distance.

6. ParallelTrackoffsetwaypointisindicatedwitha“-p”

sufx.

Navigating Along A Parallel Track

After setting a parallel track to your current ﬂight plan, a

magenta parallel track line will be drawn offset from the

original by the selected distance. The original course line

will be drawn in white. The aircraft will navigate to the

parallel track course line.

Original ﬂight

plan course

line

Parallel Track offset waypoint

Present

Position

Original waypoint

See the section on Parallel Track in the Flight Plan chap-

ter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

14. Magnetic Variation Options

Magneticvariationhasbeensimpliedtothechoices

ofMagneticandTrue.

See the section on Units/Position of the Setup 1 Page in

the Aux Pages chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

15. Terrain Database

TheTerrainfunctioninNavmodeisnowastandard

feature.Theextensivedatabaseaidsinterrainawareness.

TAWSremainsasanoptioninthe500Wseries.

See the section on Terrain Operation in the Nav Pages

chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

16. Dead Reckoning (DR)

Deadreckoningistheprocessofcontinuingnavi-

gationbasedonyourlastknownpositionusingyour

currentheading,speed,time,anddistancetobetraveled

afteralossofGPSnavigationonanactiveightplan.

Navigationusingdeadreckoningisthereforeonlyan

estimateandrequiresthatyoumaintainthecourseand

speedshownonyour400W/500Wunit.Deadreckoning

shouldnotbeusedifanyothermeansofnavigationis

available,suchasaVORorpilotage.

DeadreckoningbecomesactiveafteralossofGPS

positionwhileyouarenavigatingusinganactiveight

plan.Apop-upmessagewillappearandrequirespilot

inputtoclearthemessage.Deadreckoningisnotavail-

ableifyouareinterminalorapproachmodes.

WhenDeadReckoningisactive,theownshipicon

colorischangedtoyellowandtheTo/Fromagis

removedfromtheCDI.TheDeadReckoningannun-

ciator(DR)appearsontheleftsideofthemapdisplay

whenGPSpositionisunavailableandtheunitisinDead

Reckoningmode.Allexternaloutputsdependenton

GPSpositionareagged.

See the section on Dead Reckoning in the Nav Pages

chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

17. Satellite Status Page

TheSatelliteStatuspagehasbeenredesignedto

provideWAASGPSinformation.

Satellite Status Page Description

GPS Receiver

Status

Sky View

of satellite

positions

Signal Strength

Bars

Satellite

Numbers

Horizontal Figure of

Merit and Vertical

Figure of Merit

Estimated Position

Uncertainty

Acquiring

Satellite, not

ready for

use

Excluded

Satellite

Satellite acquired

but not used for

position ﬁx

Satellite

acquired, used

for position

ﬁx, and has

differential

corrections

“INTEG”

Annunciator

shown when the required

level of integrity is not

available

Current Page in NAV

Group

(page position

depends on options;

see 400W/500W Series

Display Interfaces Pilot's

Guide Addendum)

Current

UTC Time

See the section on the Satellite Status Page in the Nav

Pages chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

18. Graphics Speed

Thegraphicsspeedforredrawingthedisplayismuch

improved.ThisisespeciallyevidentontheMapandTer-

raindisplays.

19. Crossﬁll

Crosslloperationinthe400W/500Wseriesunitsis

now12xfasterthanintheClassicunits.Thedatabases

ofthe400/500seriesandthe400W/500Wseriesare

incompatible,soyoumaynotmixsystems.

20. XM Radio Audio and Weather

XMWeatherisavailablethroughtheXMSatellite

RadioServicewhenactivatedintheoptionalinstalla-

tionoftheGDL69or69A.Textualandgraphicweather

productssuchasNEXRADgraphicweatherwithprecipi-

tationtype,radarcoverage,TFRs,TAFs,andMETARs

symbolsaredisplayedintheNAVfunction.Thetypes

ofproductsavailabledependonthesubscriptionservice

withXMSatelliteRadio.

XM NEXRAD Weather

Graphic METARs

Textual METARs

AudioentertainmentisavailablethroughtheXM

SatelliteRadioServicewhenactivatedintheoptional

installationoftheGDL69A.The400Wand500Wseries

unitsserveasthedisplayandcontrolheadforyour

remotelymountedGDL69A.XMSatelliteRadioallows

youtoenjoyavarietyofradioprogrammingoverlong

distanceswithouthavingtoconstantlysearchfornew

stations.Basedonsignalsfromsatellites,coveragefar

exceedsland-basedtransmissions.Whenenabled,the

XMSatelliteRadioaudioentertainmentisaccessiblein

theAUXfunction.

XM Satellite Radio Audio

See the section on XM Radio in the 400W/500W Series

Garmin Optional Displays Pilot’s Guide Addendum - p/n

190-00356-30 for more details.

21. KAP140/KFC225 Autopilot Operation-Compatible

AutopilotoutputsfortheKingKAP140/KFC225

autopilotsareactivatedmanuallybythepilotafter

beingpromptedduringtheapproachprocedure.Since

theseautopilotsreverttorollmode-wingslevelwhen

transitioningtoapproachmode,itisimportantfor

thepilottobepartofthedecisionprocessofwhento

makethiscontrolchange.Afterenablingoutputs,the

400W/500W-seriesunitwillprovideguidanceinforma-

tiontotheautopilot.

The400W/500W-seriesunitmustbecongured

duringinstallationtointerfacewiththeseautopilots.

GuidancetotheFAFisactiveasindicatedbyApproach

modeannunciation(LPV,L/VNAV,LNAV+V,orLNAV).

See the section on Enabling Autopilot Outputs in the

Procedures chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

22. GDL Conﬁguration

TheGDL69/69Areceivesbroadcastweatherdata

fromaserviceofXMSatelliteRadio,Inc.TheGDL69A

alsocanreceiveaudioentertainmentbroadcasts.

See the section on XM Radio in the 400W/500W Series

Garmin Optional Displays Pilot’s Guide Addendum - p/n

190-00356-30 for more details.

23. GDL 69/69A Data Link Diagnostics

DiagnosticsfortheGDL69/69Aareavailablefor

viewingintheAuxpagesofthe400W/500Wseries

units.

See the section on XM Radio in the 400W/500W Series

Garmin Optional Displays Pilot’s Guide Addendum - p/n

190-00356-30 for more details.

24. Trafﬁc Range Rings

ThenumericvaluesforTrafcRangeringsvarywith

theinstalledtrafcsource.

See the section on Trafﬁc in the 400W/500W Series

Garmin Optional Displays Pilot’s Guide Addendum - p/n

190-00356-30 and the 400W/500W Series Display Inter-

faces Pilot’s Guide Addendum - p/n 190-00356-31 for more

details.

25. Installation

The400W/500Wseriesproductsarecertiedwith

anAML(ApprovedModelList)STC.Therearemore

than900aircraftontheapprovedlist.Thisallowsthe

aircraftontheAMLtobeinstalledviatheSTC,thatmay

resultincostandtimesavingsintheinstallationprocess

fortheaircraftowner.Seeyourdealerfordetailsabout

youraircraftinstallation.

26. How Can I Tell If I Have A WAAS Unit

Atthebeginningofthestart-upscreens,themodel

numberoftheunitwillhavea“W”attheendofthe

number.

Thereareacoupleofscreensyoucancheckquickly.

TheSatelliteStatuspagehaschanged.UnderStatus,

theWAASunitswillshowvaluesforHFOM,VFOM,

andEPU.TheSBASSelectionpageisonlyavailablefor

WAASunits;seeitem4.

GARMINInternational,Inc.

1200East151

Street,Olathe,Kansas66062,U.S.A.

Tel.913/397.8200or800/800.1020

Fax913/397.8282

GarminAT,Inc.

2345TurnerRd.,S.E.,Salem,Oregon97302,U.S.A.

Tel.503/581.8101or800/525.6726

Fax.503/364.2138

Garmin(Europe)Ltd.

LibertyHouse,BullsCopseRoad,HounsdownBusinessPark,

Southhampton,SO409RB,U.K.

Tel.+44(0)8708501243

Fax+44(0)2380524004

GARMINCorporation

No.68,Jangshu2

Road,Shijr,TaipeiCounty,Taiwan

Tel.886/2.2642.9199

Fax886/2.2642.9099

190-00356-06RevB

www.garmin.com

Garmin GNC420W User manual

Brand: Garmin

Model: GNC420W

Category: Navigators

Type: User manual

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Garmin GNC420W User manual

Garmin GNC420W User manual

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